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sqlglot.dialects.snowflake

   1from __future__ import annotations
   2
   3import typing as t
   4
   5from sqlglot import exp, generator, jsonpath, parser, tokens, transforms
   6from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import (
   7    Dialect,
   8    NormalizationStrategy,
   9    build_timetostr_or_tochar,
  10    binary_from_function,
  11    build_default_decimal_type,
  12    build_timestamp_from_parts,
  13    date_delta_sql,
  14    date_trunc_to_time,
  15    datestrtodate_sql,
  16    build_formatted_time,
  17    if_sql,
  18    inline_array_sql,
  19    max_or_greatest,
  20    min_or_least,
  21    rename_func,
  22    timestamptrunc_sql,
  23    timestrtotime_sql,
  24    var_map_sql,
  25    map_date_part,
  26    no_timestamp_sql,
  27    strposition_sql,
  28    timestampdiff_sql,
  29    no_make_interval_sql,
  30    groupconcat_sql,
  31)
  32from sqlglot.generator import unsupported_args
  33from sqlglot.helper import flatten, is_float, is_int, seq_get
  34from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
  35
  36if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
  37    from sqlglot._typing import E, B
  38
  39
  40# from https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/to_timestamp.html
  41def _build_datetime(
  42    name: str, kind: exp.DataType.Type, safe: bool = False
  43) -> t.Callable[[t.List], exp.Func]:
  44    def _builder(args: t.List) -> exp.Func:
  45        value = seq_get(args, 0)
  46        scale_or_fmt = seq_get(args, 1)
  47
  48        int_value = value is not None and is_int(value.name)
  49        int_scale_or_fmt = scale_or_fmt is not None and scale_or_fmt.is_int
  50
  51        if isinstance(value, exp.Literal) or (value and scale_or_fmt):
  52            # Converts calls like `TO_TIME('01:02:03')` into casts
  53            if len(args) == 1 and value.is_string and not int_value:
  54                return (
  55                    exp.TryCast(this=value, to=exp.DataType.build(kind))
  56                    if safe
  57                    else exp.cast(value, kind)
  58                )
  59
  60            # Handles `TO_TIMESTAMP(str, fmt)` and `TO_TIMESTAMP(num, scale)` as special
  61            # cases so we can transpile them, since they're relatively common
  62            if kind == exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP:
  63                if not safe and (int_value or int_scale_or_fmt):
  64                    # TRY_TO_TIMESTAMP('integer') is not parsed into exp.UnixToTime as
  65                    # it's not easily transpilable
  66                    return exp.UnixToTime(this=value, scale=scale_or_fmt)
  67                if not int_scale_or_fmt and not is_float(value.name):
  68                    expr = build_formatted_time(exp.StrToTime, "snowflake")(args)
  69                    expr.set("safe", safe)
  70                    return expr
  71
  72        if kind in (exp.DataType.Type.DATE, exp.DataType.Type.TIME) and not int_value:
  73            klass = exp.TsOrDsToDate if kind == exp.DataType.Type.DATE else exp.TsOrDsToTime
  74            formatted_exp = build_formatted_time(klass, "snowflake")(args)
  75            formatted_exp.set("safe", safe)
  76            return formatted_exp
  77
  78        return exp.Anonymous(this=name, expressions=args)
  79
  80    return _builder
  81
  82
  83def _build_object_construct(args: t.List) -> t.Union[exp.StarMap, exp.Struct]:
  84    expression = parser.build_var_map(args)
  85
  86    if isinstance(expression, exp.StarMap):
  87        return expression
  88
  89    return exp.Struct(
  90        expressions=[
  91            exp.PropertyEQ(this=k, expression=v) for k, v in zip(expression.keys, expression.values)
  92        ]
  93    )
  94
  95
  96def _build_datediff(args: t.List) -> exp.DateDiff:
  97    return exp.DateDiff(
  98        this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=map_date_part(seq_get(args, 0))
  99    )
 100
 101
 102def _build_date_time_add(expr_type: t.Type[E]) -> t.Callable[[t.List], E]:
 103    def _builder(args: t.List) -> E:
 104        return expr_type(
 105            this=seq_get(args, 2),
 106            expression=seq_get(args, 1),
 107            unit=map_date_part(seq_get(args, 0)),
 108        )
 109
 110    return _builder
 111
 112
 113def _build_bitwise(expr_type: t.Type[B], name: str) -> t.Callable[[t.List], B | exp.Anonymous]:
 114    def _builder(args: t.List) -> B | exp.Anonymous:
 115        if len(args) == 3:
 116            return exp.Anonymous(this=name, expressions=args)
 117
 118        return binary_from_function(expr_type)(args)
 119
 120    return _builder
 121
 122
 123# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/div0
 124def _build_if_from_div0(args: t.List) -> exp.If:
 125    lhs = exp._wrap(seq_get(args, 0), exp.Binary)
 126    rhs = exp._wrap(seq_get(args, 1), exp.Binary)
 127
 128    cond = exp.EQ(this=rhs, expression=exp.Literal.number(0)).and_(
 129        exp.Is(this=lhs, expression=exp.null()).not_()
 130    )
 131    true = exp.Literal.number(0)
 132    false = exp.Div(this=lhs, expression=rhs)
 133    return exp.If(this=cond, true=true, false=false)
 134
 135
 136# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/zeroifnull
 137def _build_if_from_zeroifnull(args: t.List) -> exp.If:
 138    cond = exp.Is(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Null())
 139    return exp.If(this=cond, true=exp.Literal.number(0), false=seq_get(args, 0))
 140
 141
 142# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/zeroifnull
 143def _build_if_from_nullifzero(args: t.List) -> exp.If:
 144    cond = exp.EQ(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(0))
 145    return exp.If(this=cond, true=exp.Null(), false=seq_get(args, 0))
 146
 147
 148def _regexpilike_sql(self: Snowflake.Generator, expression: exp.RegexpILike) -> str:
 149    flag = expression.text("flag")
 150
 151    if "i" not in flag:
 152        flag += "i"
 153
 154    return self.func(
 155        "REGEXP_LIKE", expression.this, expression.expression, exp.Literal.string(flag)
 156    )
 157
 158
 159def _build_regexp_replace(args: t.List) -> exp.RegexpReplace:
 160    regexp_replace = exp.RegexpReplace.from_arg_list(args)
 161
 162    if not regexp_replace.args.get("replacement"):
 163        regexp_replace.set("replacement", exp.Literal.string(""))
 164
 165    return regexp_replace
 166
 167
 168def _show_parser(*args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.Callable[[Snowflake.Parser], exp.Show]:
 169    def _parse(self: Snowflake.Parser) -> exp.Show:
 170        return self._parse_show_snowflake(*args, **kwargs)
 171
 172    return _parse
 173
 174
 175def _date_trunc_to_time(args: t.List) -> exp.DateTrunc | exp.TimestampTrunc:
 176    trunc = date_trunc_to_time(args)
 177    trunc.set("unit", map_date_part(trunc.args["unit"]))
 178    return trunc
 179
 180
 181def _unqualify_pivot_columns(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
 182    """
 183    Snowflake doesn't allow columns referenced in UNPIVOT to be qualified,
 184    so we need to unqualify them. Same goes for ANY ORDER BY <column>.
 185
 186    Example:
 187        >>> from sqlglot import parse_one
 188        >>> expr = parse_one("SELECT * FROM m_sales UNPIVOT(sales FOR month IN (m_sales.jan, feb, mar, april))")
 189        >>> print(_unqualify_pivot_columns(expr).sql(dialect="snowflake"))
 190        SELECT * FROM m_sales UNPIVOT(sales FOR month IN (jan, feb, mar, april))
 191    """
 192    if isinstance(expression, exp.Pivot):
 193        if expression.unpivot:
 194            expression = transforms.unqualify_columns(expression)
 195        else:
 196            field = expression.args.get("field")
 197            field_expr = seq_get(field.expressions if field else [], 0)
 198
 199            if isinstance(field_expr, exp.PivotAny):
 200                unqualified_field_expr = transforms.unqualify_columns(field_expr)
 201                t.cast(exp.Expression, field).set("expressions", unqualified_field_expr, 0)
 202
 203    return expression
 204
 205
 206def _flatten_structured_types_unless_iceberg(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
 207    assert isinstance(expression, exp.Create)
 208
 209    def _flatten_structured_type(expression: exp.DataType) -> exp.DataType:
 210        if expression.this in exp.DataType.NESTED_TYPES:
 211            expression.set("expressions", None)
 212        return expression
 213
 214    props = expression.args.get("properties")
 215    if isinstance(expression.this, exp.Schema) and not (props and props.find(exp.IcebergProperty)):
 216        for schema_expression in expression.this.expressions:
 217            if isinstance(schema_expression, exp.ColumnDef):
 218                column_type = schema_expression.kind
 219                if isinstance(column_type, exp.DataType):
 220                    column_type.transform(_flatten_structured_type, copy=False)
 221
 222    return expression
 223
 224
 225def _unnest_generate_date_array(unnest: exp.Unnest) -> None:
 226    generate_date_array = unnest.expressions[0]
 227    start = generate_date_array.args.get("start")
 228    end = generate_date_array.args.get("end")
 229    step = generate_date_array.args.get("step")
 230
 231    if not start or not end or not isinstance(step, exp.Interval) or step.name != "1":
 232        return
 233
 234    unit = step.args.get("unit")
 235
 236    unnest_alias = unnest.args.get("alias")
 237    if unnest_alias:
 238        unnest_alias = unnest_alias.copy()
 239        sequence_value_name = seq_get(unnest_alias.columns, 0) or "value"
 240    else:
 241        sequence_value_name = "value"
 242
 243    # We'll add the next sequence value to the starting date and project the result
 244    date_add = _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd)(
 245        [unit, exp.cast(sequence_value_name, "int"), exp.cast(start, "date")]
 246    ).as_(sequence_value_name)
 247
 248    # We use DATEDIFF to compute the number of sequence values needed
 249    number_sequence = Snowflake.Parser.FUNCTIONS["ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE"](
 250        [exp.Literal.number(0), _build_datediff([unit, start, end]) + 1]
 251    )
 252
 253    unnest.set("expressions", [number_sequence])
 254    unnest.replace(exp.select(date_add).from_(unnest.copy()).subquery(unnest_alias))
 255
 256
 257def _transform_generate_date_array(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
 258    if isinstance(expression, exp.Select):
 259        for generate_date_array in expression.find_all(exp.GenerateDateArray):
 260            parent = generate_date_array.parent
 261
 262            # If GENERATE_DATE_ARRAY is used directly as an array (e.g passed into ARRAY_LENGTH), the transformed Snowflake
 263            # query is the following (it'll be unnested properly on the next iteration due to copy):
 264            # SELECT ref(GENERATE_DATE_ARRAY(...)) -> SELECT ref((SELECT ARRAY_AGG(*) FROM UNNEST(GENERATE_DATE_ARRAY(...))))
 265            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Unnest):
 266                unnest = exp.Unnest(expressions=[generate_date_array.copy()])
 267                generate_date_array.replace(
 268                    exp.select(exp.ArrayAgg(this=exp.Star())).from_(unnest).subquery()
 269                )
 270
 271            if (
 272                isinstance(parent, exp.Unnest)
 273                and isinstance(parent.parent, (exp.From, exp.Join))
 274                and len(parent.expressions) == 1
 275            ):
 276                _unnest_generate_date_array(parent)
 277
 278    return expression
 279
 280
 281def _build_regexp_extract(expr_type: t.Type[E]) -> t.Callable[[t.List], E]:
 282    def _builder(args: t.List) -> E:
 283        return expr_type(
 284            this=seq_get(args, 0),
 285            expression=seq_get(args, 1),
 286            position=seq_get(args, 2),
 287            occurrence=seq_get(args, 3),
 288            parameters=seq_get(args, 4),
 289            group=seq_get(args, 5) or exp.Literal.number(0),
 290        )
 291
 292    return _builder
 293
 294
 295def _regexpextract_sql(self, expression: exp.RegexpExtract | exp.RegexpExtractAll) -> str:
 296    # Other dialects don't support all of the following parameters, so we need to
 297    # generate default values as necessary to ensure the transpilation is correct
 298    group = expression.args.get("group")
 299
 300    # To avoid generating all these default values, we set group to None if
 301    # it's 0 (also default value) which doesn't trigger the following chain
 302    if group and group.name == "0":
 303        group = None
 304
 305    parameters = expression.args.get("parameters") or (group and exp.Literal.string("c"))
 306    occurrence = expression.args.get("occurrence") or (parameters and exp.Literal.number(1))
 307    position = expression.args.get("position") or (occurrence and exp.Literal.number(1))
 308
 309    return self.func(
 310        "REGEXP_SUBSTR" if isinstance(expression, exp.RegexpExtract) else "REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL",
 311        expression.this,
 312        expression.expression,
 313        position,
 314        occurrence,
 315        parameters,
 316        group,
 317    )
 318
 319
 320def _json_extract_value_array_sql(
 321    self: Snowflake.Generator, expression: exp.JSONValueArray | exp.JSONExtractArray
 322) -> str:
 323    json_extract = exp.JSONExtract(this=expression.this, expression=expression.expression)
 324    ident = exp.to_identifier("x")
 325
 326    if isinstance(expression, exp.JSONValueArray):
 327        this: exp.Expression = exp.cast(ident, to=exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR)
 328    else:
 329        this = exp.ParseJSON(this=f"TO_JSON({ident})")
 330
 331    transform_lambda = exp.Lambda(expressions=[ident], this=this)
 332
 333    return self.func("TRANSFORM", json_extract, transform_lambda)
 334
 335
 336class Snowflake(Dialect):
 337    # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/identifiers-syntax
 338    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.UPPERCASE
 339    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_large"
 340    TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'"
 341    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
 342    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
 343    PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN = True
 344    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
 345    COPY_PARAMS_ARE_CSV = False
 346    ARRAY_AGG_INCLUDES_NULLS = None
 347
 348    TIME_MAPPING = {
 349        "YYYY": "%Y",
 350        "yyyy": "%Y",
 351        "YY": "%y",
 352        "yy": "%y",
 353        "MMMM": "%B",
 354        "mmmm": "%B",
 355        "MON": "%b",
 356        "mon": "%b",
 357        "MM": "%m",
 358        "mm": "%m",
 359        "DD": "%d",
 360        "dd": "%-d",
 361        "DY": "%a",
 362        "dy": "%w",
 363        "HH24": "%H",
 364        "hh24": "%H",
 365        "HH12": "%I",
 366        "hh12": "%I",
 367        "MI": "%M",
 368        "mi": "%M",
 369        "SS": "%S",
 370        "ss": "%S",
 371        "FF6": "%f",
 372        "ff6": "%f",
 373    }
 374
 375    def quote_identifier(self, expression: E, identify: bool = True) -> E:
 376        # This disables quoting DUAL in SELECT ... FROM DUAL, because Snowflake treats an
 377        # unquoted DUAL keyword in a special way and does not map it to a user-defined table
 378        if (
 379            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
 380            and isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Table)
 381            and expression.name.lower() == "dual"
 382        ):
 383            return expression  # type: ignore
 384
 385        return super().quote_identifier(expression, identify=identify)
 386
 387    class JSONPathTokenizer(jsonpath.JSONPathTokenizer):
 388        SINGLE_TOKENS = jsonpath.JSONPathTokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS.copy()
 389        SINGLE_TOKENS.pop("$")
 390
 391    class Parser(parser.Parser):
 392        IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
 393        DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD = "BERNOULLI"
 394        COLON_IS_VARIANT_EXTRACT = True
 395
 396        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
 397            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
 398            TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
 399        }
 400
 401        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS | {TokenType.WINDOW}
 402        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS.discard(TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION)
 403
 404        FUNCTIONS = {
 405            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
 406            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": exp.ApproxQuantile.from_arg_list,
 407            "ARRAY_CONSTRUCT": lambda args: exp.Array(expressions=args),
 408            "ARRAY_CONTAINS": lambda args: exp.ArrayContains(
 409                this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=seq_get(args, 0)
 410            ),
 411            "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE": lambda args: exp.GenerateSeries(
 412                # ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE has an exlusive end; we normalize it to be inclusive
 413                start=seq_get(args, 0),
 414                end=exp.Sub(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(1)),
 415                step=seq_get(args, 2),
 416            ),
 417            "BITXOR": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseXor, "BITXOR"),
 418            "BIT_XOR": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseXor, "BITXOR"),
 419            "BITOR": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseOr, "BITOR"),
 420            "BIT_OR": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseOr, "BITOR"),
 421            "BITSHIFTLEFT": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseLeftShift, "BITSHIFTLEFT"),
 422            "BIT_SHIFTLEFT": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseLeftShift, "BIT_SHIFTLEFT"),
 423            "BITSHIFTRIGHT": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseRightShift, "BITSHIFTRIGHT"),
 424            "BIT_SHIFTRIGHT": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseRightShift, "BIT_SHIFTRIGHT"),
 425            "BOOLXOR": _build_bitwise(exp.Xor, "BOOLXOR"),
 426            "DATE": _build_datetime("DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
 427            "DATE_TRUNC": _date_trunc_to_time,
 428            "DATEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
 429            "DATEDIFF": _build_datediff,
 430            "DIV0": _build_if_from_div0,
 431            "EDITDISTANCE": lambda args: exp.Levenshtein(
 432                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1), max_dist=seq_get(args, 2)
 433            ),
 434            "FLATTEN": exp.Explode.from_arg_list,
 435            "GET_PATH": lambda args, dialect: exp.JSONExtract(
 436                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=dialect.to_json_path(seq_get(args, 1))
 437            ),
 438            "HEX_DECODE_BINARY": exp.Unhex.from_arg_list,
 439            "IFF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
 440            "LAST_DAY": lambda args: exp.LastDay(
 441                this=seq_get(args, 0), unit=map_date_part(seq_get(args, 1))
 442            ),
 443            "LEN": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), binary=True),
 444            "LENGTH": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), binary=True),
 445            "NULLIFZERO": _build_if_from_nullifzero,
 446            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT": _build_object_construct,
 447            "REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL": _build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtractAll),
 448            "REGEXP_REPLACE": _build_regexp_replace,
 449            "REGEXP_SUBSTR": _build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtract),
 450            "REGEXP_SUBSTR_ALL": _build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtractAll),
 451            "RLIKE": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
 452            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
 453            "TABLE": lambda args: exp.TableFromRows(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
 454            "TIMEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.TimeAdd),
 455            "TIMEDIFF": _build_datediff,
 456            "TIMESTAMPADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
 457            "TIMESTAMPDIFF": _build_datediff,
 458            "TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
 459            "TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
 460            "TIMESTAMPNTZFROMPARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
 461            "TIMESTAMP_NTZ_FROM_PARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
 462            "TRY_PARSE_JSON": lambda args: exp.ParseJSON(this=seq_get(args, 0), safe=True),
 463            "TRY_TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TRY_TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE, safe=True),
 464            "TRY_TO_TIME": _build_datetime("TRY_TO_TIME", exp.DataType.Type.TIME, safe=True),
 465            "TRY_TO_TIMESTAMP": _build_datetime(
 466                "TRY_TO_TIMESTAMP", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP, safe=True
 467            ),
 468            "TO_CHAR": build_timetostr_or_tochar,
 469            "TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
 470            "TO_NUMBER": lambda args: exp.ToNumber(
 471                this=seq_get(args, 0),
 472                format=seq_get(args, 1),
 473                precision=seq_get(args, 2),
 474                scale=seq_get(args, 3),
 475            ),
 476            "TO_TIME": _build_datetime("TO_TIME", exp.DataType.Type.TIME),
 477            "TO_TIMESTAMP": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
 478            "TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ),
 479            "TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
 480            "TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ),
 481            "TO_VARCHAR": exp.ToChar.from_arg_list,
 482            "ZEROIFNULL": _build_if_from_zeroifnull,
 483        }
 484
 485        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
 486            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
 487            "DATE_PART": lambda self: self._parse_date_part(),
 488            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL": lambda self: self._parse_json_object(),
 489            "LISTAGG": lambda self: self._parse_string_agg(),
 490        }
 491        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
 492
 493        TIMESTAMPS = parser.Parser.TIMESTAMPS - {TokenType.TIME}
 494
 495        RANGE_PARSERS = {
 496            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,
 497            TokenType.LIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.LikeAny),
 498            TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.ILikeAny),
 499        }
 500
 501        ALTER_PARSERS = {
 502            **parser.Parser.ALTER_PARSERS,
 503            "UNSET": lambda self: self.expression(
 504                exp.Set,
 505                tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG"),
 506                expressions=self._parse_csv(self._parse_id_var),
 507                unset=True,
 508            ),
 509        }
 510
 511        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
 512            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
 513            TokenType.PUT: lambda self: self._parse_put(),
 514            TokenType.SHOW: lambda self: self._parse_show(),
 515        }
 516
 517        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
 518            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
 519            "LOCATION": lambda self: self._parse_location_property(),
 520            "TAG": lambda self: self._parse_tag(),
 521        }
 522
 523        TYPE_CONVERTERS = {
 524            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-numeric#number
 525            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: build_default_decimal_type(precision=38, scale=0),
 526        }
 527
 528        SHOW_PARSERS = {
 529            "DATABASES": _show_parser("DATABASES"),
 530            "TERSE DATABASES": _show_parser("DATABASES"),
 531            "SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
 532            "TERSE SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
 533            "OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
 534            "TERSE OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
 535            "TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
 536            "TERSE TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
 537            "VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
 538            "TERSE VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
 539            "PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
 540            "TERSE PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
 541            "IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
 542            "TERSE IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
 543            "UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
 544            "TERSE UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
 545            "SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
 546            "TERSE SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
 547            "COLUMNS": _show_parser("COLUMNS"),
 548            "USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
 549            "TERSE USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
 550            "FUNCTIONS": _show_parser("FUNCTIONS"),
 551            "PROCEDURES": _show_parser("PROCEDURES"),
 552            "WAREHOUSES": _show_parser("WAREHOUSES"),
 553        }
 554
 555        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
 556            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
 557            "WITH": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
 558            "MASKING": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
 559            "PROJECTION": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
 560            "TAG": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
 561        }
 562
 563        STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {
 564            TokenType.DOT,
 565            TokenType.MOD,
 566            TokenType.SLASH,
 567        }
 568
 569        FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ["SEQ", "KEY", "PATH", "INDEX", "VALUE", "THIS"]
 570
 571        SCHEMA_KINDS = {"OBJECTS", "TABLES", "VIEWS", "SEQUENCES", "UNIQUE KEYS", "IMPORTED KEYS"}
 572
 573        NON_TABLE_CREATABLES = {"STORAGE INTEGRATION", "TAG", "WAREHOUSE", "STREAMLIT"}
 574
 575        LAMBDAS = {
 576            **parser.Parser.LAMBDAS,
 577            TokenType.ARROW: lambda self, expressions: self.expression(
 578                exp.Lambda,
 579                this=self._replace_lambda(
 580                    self._parse_assignment(),
 581                    expressions,
 582                ),
 583                expressions=[e.this if isinstance(e, exp.Cast) else e for e in expressions],
 584            ),
 585        }
 586
 587        def _parse_use(self) -> exp.Use:
 588            if self._match_text_seq("SECONDARY", "ROLES"):
 589                this = self._match_texts(("ALL", "NONE")) and exp.var(self._prev.text.upper())
 590                roles = None if this else self._parse_csv(lambda: self._parse_table(schema=False))
 591                return self.expression(
 592                    exp.Use, kind="SECONDARY ROLES", this=this, expressions=roles
 593                )
 594
 595            return super()._parse_use()
 596
 597        def _negate_range(
 598            self, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression] = None
 599        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 600            if not this:
 601                return this
 602
 603            query = this.args.get("query")
 604            if isinstance(this, exp.In) and isinstance(query, exp.Query):
 605                # Snowflake treats `value NOT IN (subquery)` as `VALUE <> ALL (subquery)`, so
 606                # we do this conversion here to avoid parsing it into `NOT value IN (subquery)`
 607                # which can produce different results (most likely a SnowFlake bug).
 608                #
 609                # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/in
 610                # Context: https://github.com/tobymao/sqlglot/issues/3890
 611                return self.expression(
 612                    exp.NEQ, this=this.this, expression=exp.All(this=query.unnest())
 613                )
 614
 615            return self.expression(exp.Not, this=this)
 616
 617        def _parse_tag(self) -> exp.Tags:
 618            return self.expression(
 619                exp.Tags,
 620                expressions=self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_property),
 621            )
 622
 623        def _parse_with_constraint(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 624            if self._prev.token_type != TokenType.WITH:
 625                self._retreat(self._index - 1)
 626
 627            if self._match_text_seq("MASKING", "POLICY"):
 628                policy = self._parse_column()
 629                return self.expression(
 630                    exp.MaskingPolicyColumnConstraint,
 631                    this=policy.to_dot() if isinstance(policy, exp.Column) else policy,
 632                    expressions=self._match(TokenType.USING)
 633                    and self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_id_var),
 634                )
 635            if self._match_text_seq("PROJECTION", "POLICY"):
 636                policy = self._parse_column()
 637                return self.expression(
 638                    exp.ProjectionPolicyColumnConstraint,
 639                    this=policy.to_dot() if isinstance(policy, exp.Column) else policy,
 640                )
 641            if self._match(TokenType.TAG):
 642                return self._parse_tag()
 643
 644            return None
 645
 646        def _parse_with_property(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression] | t.List[exp.Expression]:
 647            if self._match(TokenType.TAG):
 648                return self._parse_tag()
 649
 650            return super()._parse_with_property()
 651
 652        def _parse_create(self) -> exp.Create | exp.Command:
 653            expression = super()._parse_create()
 654            if isinstance(expression, exp.Create) and expression.kind in self.NON_TABLE_CREATABLES:
 655                # Replace the Table node with the enclosed Identifier
 656                expression.this.replace(expression.this.this)
 657
 658            return expression
 659
 660        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/date_part.html
 661        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions-date-time.html#label-supported-date-time-parts
 662        def _parse_date_part(self: Snowflake.Parser) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 663            this = self._parse_var() or self._parse_type()
 664
 665            if not this:
 666                return None
 667
 668            self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
 669            expression = self._parse_bitwise()
 670            this = map_date_part(this)
 671            name = this.name.upper()
 672
 673            if name.startswith("EPOCH"):
 674                if name == "EPOCH_MILLISECOND":
 675                    scale = 10**3
 676                elif name == "EPOCH_MICROSECOND":
 677                    scale = 10**6
 678                elif name == "EPOCH_NANOSECOND":
 679                    scale = 10**9
 680                else:
 681                    scale = None
 682
 683                ts = self.expression(exp.Cast, this=expression, to=exp.DataType.build("TIMESTAMP"))
 684                to_unix: exp.Expression = self.expression(exp.TimeToUnix, this=ts)
 685
 686                if scale:
 687                    to_unix = exp.Mul(this=to_unix, expression=exp.Literal.number(scale))
 688
 689                return to_unix
 690
 691            return self.expression(exp.Extract, this=this, expression=expression)
 692
 693        def _parse_bracket_key_value(self, is_map: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 694            if is_map:
 695                # Keys are strings in Snowflake's objects, see also:
 696                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-semistructured
 697                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/object_construct
 698                return self._parse_slice(self._parse_string())
 699
 700            return self._parse_slice(self._parse_alias(self._parse_assignment(), explicit=True))
 701
 702        def _parse_lateral(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Lateral]:
 703            lateral = super()._parse_lateral()
 704            if not lateral:
 705                return lateral
 706
 707            if isinstance(lateral.this, exp.Explode):
 708                table_alias = lateral.args.get("alias")
 709                columns = [exp.to_identifier(col) for col in self.FLATTEN_COLUMNS]
 710                if table_alias and not table_alias.args.get("columns"):
 711                    table_alias.set("columns", columns)
 712                elif not table_alias:
 713                    exp.alias_(lateral, "_flattened", table=columns, copy=False)
 714
 715            return lateral
 716
 717        def _parse_table_parts(
 718            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False, wildcard: bool = False
 719        ) -> exp.Table:
 720            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/querying-stage
 721            if self._match(TokenType.STRING, advance=False):
 722                table = self._parse_string()
 723            elif self._match_text_seq("@", advance=False):
 724                table = self._parse_location_path()
 725            else:
 726                table = None
 727
 728            if table:
 729                file_format = None
 730                pattern = None
 731
 732                wrapped = self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
 733                while self._curr and wrapped and not self._match(TokenType.R_PAREN):
 734                    if self._match_text_seq("FILE_FORMAT", "=>"):
 735                        file_format = self._parse_string() or super()._parse_table_parts(
 736                            is_db_reference=is_db_reference
 737                        )
 738                    elif self._match_text_seq("PATTERN", "=>"):
 739                        pattern = self._parse_string()
 740                    else:
 741                        break
 742
 743                    self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
 744
 745                table = self.expression(exp.Table, this=table, format=file_format, pattern=pattern)
 746            else:
 747                table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference)
 748
 749            return table
 750
 751        def _parse_table(
 752            self,
 753            schema: bool = False,
 754            joins: bool = False,
 755            alias_tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None,
 756            parse_bracket: bool = False,
 757            is_db_reference: bool = False,
 758            parse_partition: bool = False,
 759        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 760            table = super()._parse_table(
 761                schema=schema,
 762                joins=joins,
 763                alias_tokens=alias_tokens,
 764                parse_bracket=parse_bracket,
 765                is_db_reference=is_db_reference,
 766                parse_partition=parse_partition,
 767            )
 768            if isinstance(table, exp.Table) and isinstance(table.this, exp.TableFromRows):
 769                table_from_rows = table.this
 770                for arg in exp.TableFromRows.arg_types:
 771                    if arg != "this":
 772                        table_from_rows.set(arg, table.args.get(arg))
 773
 774                table = table_from_rows
 775
 776            return table
 777
 778        def _parse_id_var(
 779            self,
 780            any_token: bool = True,
 781            tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None,
 782        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 783            if self._match_text_seq("IDENTIFIER", "("):
 784                identifier = (
 785                    super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
 786                    or self._parse_string()
 787                )
 788                self._match_r_paren()
 789                return self.expression(exp.Anonymous, this="IDENTIFIER", expressions=[identifier])
 790
 791            return super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
 792
 793        def _parse_show_snowflake(self, this: str) -> exp.Show:
 794            scope = None
 795            scope_kind = None
 796
 797            # will identity SHOW TERSE SCHEMAS but not SHOW TERSE PRIMARY KEYS
 798            # which is syntactically valid but has no effect on the output
 799            terse = self._tokens[self._index - 2].text.upper() == "TERSE"
 800
 801            history = self._match_text_seq("HISTORY")
 802
 803            like = self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.LIKE) else None
 804
 805            if self._match(TokenType.IN):
 806                if self._match_text_seq("ACCOUNT"):
 807                    scope_kind = "ACCOUNT"
 808                elif self._match_text_seq("CLASS"):
 809                    scope_kind = "CLASS"
 810                    scope = self._parse_table_parts()
 811                elif self._match_text_seq("APPLICATION"):
 812                    scope_kind = "APPLICATION"
 813                    if self._match_text_seq("PACKAGE"):
 814                        scope_kind += " PACKAGE"
 815                    scope = self._parse_table_parts()
 816                elif self._match_set(self.DB_CREATABLES):
 817                    scope_kind = self._prev.text.upper()
 818                    if self._curr:
 819                        scope = self._parse_table_parts()
 820                elif self._curr:
 821                    scope_kind = "SCHEMA" if this in self.SCHEMA_KINDS else "TABLE"
 822                    scope = self._parse_table_parts()
 823
 824            return self.expression(
 825                exp.Show,
 826                **{
 827                    "terse": terse,
 828                    "this": this,
 829                    "history": history,
 830                    "like": like,
 831                    "scope": scope,
 832                    "scope_kind": scope_kind,
 833                    "starts_with": self._match_text_seq("STARTS", "WITH") and self._parse_string(),
 834                    "limit": self._parse_limit(),
 835                    "from": self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.FROM) else None,
 836                    "privileges": self._match_text_seq("WITH", "PRIVILEGES")
 837                    and self._parse_csv(lambda: self._parse_var(any_token=True, upper=True)),
 838                },
 839            )
 840
 841        def _parse_put(self) -> exp.Put | exp.Command:
 842            if self._curr.token_type != TokenType.STRING:
 843                return self._parse_as_command(self._prev)
 844
 845            return self.expression(
 846                exp.Put,
 847                this=self._parse_string(),
 848                target=self._parse_location_path(),
 849                properties=self._parse_properties(),
 850            )
 851
 852        def _parse_location_property(self) -> exp.LocationProperty:
 853            self._match(TokenType.EQ)
 854            return self.expression(exp.LocationProperty, this=self._parse_location_path())
 855
 856        def _parse_file_location(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 857            # Parse either a subquery or a staged file
 858            return (
 859                self._parse_select(table=True, parse_subquery_alias=False)
 860                if self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN, advance=False)
 861                else self._parse_table_parts()
 862            )
 863
 864        def _parse_location_path(self) -> exp.Var:
 865            parts = [self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True)]
 866
 867            # We avoid consuming a comma token because external tables like @foo and @bar
 868            # can be joined in a query with a comma separator, as well as closing paren
 869            # in case of subqueries
 870            while self._is_connected() and not self._match_set(
 871                (TokenType.COMMA, TokenType.L_PAREN, TokenType.R_PAREN), advance=False
 872            ):
 873                parts.append(self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True))
 874
 875            return exp.var("".join(part.text for part in parts if part))
 876
 877        def _parse_lambda_arg(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 878            this = super()._parse_lambda_arg()
 879
 880            if not this:
 881                return this
 882
 883            typ = self._parse_types()
 884
 885            if typ:
 886                return self.expression(exp.Cast, this=this, to=typ)
 887
 888            return this
 889
 890        def _parse_foreign_key(self) -> exp.ForeignKey:
 891            # inlineFK, the REFERENCES columns are implied
 892            if self._match(TokenType.REFERENCES, advance=False):
 893                return self.expression(exp.ForeignKey)
 894
 895            # outoflineFK, explicitly names the columns
 896            return super()._parse_foreign_key()
 897
 898    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
 899        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
 900        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
 901        RAW_STRINGS = ["$$"]
 902        COMMENTS = ["--", "//", ("/*", "*/")]
 903        NESTED_COMMENTS = False
 904
 905        KEYWORDS = {
 906            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
 907            "FILE://": TokenType.URI_START,
 908            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
 909            "CHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
 910            "CHARACTER VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
 911            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
 912            "ILIKE ANY": TokenType.ILIKE_ANY,
 913            "LIKE ANY": TokenType.LIKE_ANY,
 914            "MATCH_CONDITION": TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
 915            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
 916            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
 917            "NCHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
 918            "PUT": TokenType.PUT,
 919            "REMOVE": TokenType.COMMAND,
 920            "RM": TokenType.COMMAND,
 921            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
 922            "SQL_DOUBLE": TokenType.DOUBLE,
 923            "SQL_VARCHAR": TokenType.VARCHAR,
 924            "STORAGE INTEGRATION": TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION,
 925            "TAG": TokenType.TAG,
 926            "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
 927            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
 928            "WAREHOUSE": TokenType.WAREHOUSE,
 929            "STREAMLIT": TokenType.STREAMLIT,
 930        }
 931        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
 932
 933        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
 934            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
 935            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
 936        }
 937
 938        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}
 939
 940        COMMANDS = tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS - {TokenType.SHOW}
 941
 942    class Generator(generator.Generator):
 943        PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$"
 944        MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
 945        SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
 946        JOIN_HINTS = False
 947        TABLE_HINTS = False
 948        QUERY_HINTS = False
 949        AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
 950        SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
 951        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
 952        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
 953        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
 954        INSERT_OVERWRITE = " OVERWRITE INTO"
 955        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
 956        COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED = False
 957        COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED = True
 958        STAR_EXCEPT = "EXCLUDE"
 959        SUPPORTS_EXPLODING_PROJECTIONS = False
 960        ARRAY_CONCAT_IS_VAR_LEN = False
 961        SUPPORTS_CONVERT_TIMEZONE = True
 962        EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
 963        SUPPORTS_MEDIAN = True
 964        ARRAY_SIZE_NAME = "ARRAY_SIZE"
 965
 966        TRANSFORMS = {
 967            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
 968            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
 969            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
 970            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
 971            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
 972            exp.ArrayConcat: lambda self, e: self.arrayconcat_sql(e, name="ARRAY_CAT"),
 973            exp.ArrayContains: lambda self, e: self.func("ARRAY_CONTAINS", e.expression, e.this),
 974            exp.AtTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
 975                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), e.this
 976            ),
 977            exp.BitwiseOr: rename_func("BITOR"),
 978            exp.BitwiseXor: rename_func("BITXOR"),
 979            exp.BitwiseLeftShift: rename_func("BITSHIFTLEFT"),
 980            exp.BitwiseRightShift: rename_func("BITSHIFTRIGHT"),
 981            exp.Create: transforms.preprocess([_flatten_structured_types_unless_iceberg]),
 982            exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"),
 983            exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
 984            exp.DatetimeAdd: date_delta_sql("TIMESTAMPADD"),
 985            exp.DatetimeDiff: timestampdiff_sql,
 986            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
 987            exp.DayOfMonth: rename_func("DAYOFMONTH"),
 988            exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"),
 989            exp.DayOfYear: rename_func("DAYOFYEAR"),
 990            exp.Explode: rename_func("FLATTEN"),
 991            exp.Extract: rename_func("DATE_PART"),
 992            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
 993                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), "'UTC'", e.this
 994            ),
 995            exp.GenerateSeries: lambda self, e: self.func(
 996                "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE", e.args["start"], e.args["end"] + 1, e.args.get("step")
 997            ),
 998            exp.GroupConcat: lambda self, e: groupconcat_sql(self, e, sep=""),
 999            exp.If: if_sql(name="IFF", false_value="NULL"),
1000            exp.JSONExtractArray: _json_extract_value_array_sql,
1001            exp.JSONExtractScalar: lambda self, e: self.func(
1002                "JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT", e.this, e.expression
1003            ),
1004            exp.JSONObject: lambda self, e: self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL", *e.expressions),
1005            exp.JSONPathRoot: lambda *_: "",
1006            exp.JSONValueArray: _json_extract_value_array_sql,
1007            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOLAND_AGG"),
1008            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOLOR_AGG"),
1009            exp.Map: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
1010            exp.MakeInterval: no_make_interval_sql,
1011            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
1012            exp.Min: min_or_least,
1013            exp.ParseJSON: lambda self, e: self.func(
1014                "TRY_PARSE_JSON" if e.args.get("safe") else "PARSE_JSON", e.this
1015            ),
1016            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
1017            exp.PercentileCont: transforms.preprocess(
1018                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
1019            ),
1020            exp.PercentileDisc: transforms.preprocess(
1021                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
1022            ),
1023            exp.Pivot: transforms.preprocess([_unqualify_pivot_columns]),
1024            exp.RegexpExtract: _regexpextract_sql,
1025            exp.RegexpExtractAll: _regexpextract_sql,
1026            exp.RegexpILike: _regexpilike_sql,
1027            exp.Rand: rename_func("RANDOM"),
1028            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
1029                [
1030                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
1031                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
1032                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
1033                    _transform_generate_date_array,
1034                ]
1035            ),
1036            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
1037            exp.StarMap: rename_func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
1038            exp.StartsWith: rename_func("STARTSWITH"),
1039            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: strposition_sql(
1040                self, e, func_name="CHARINDEX", supports_position=True
1041            ),
1042            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
1043            exp.Stuff: rename_func("INSERT"),
1044            exp.TimeAdd: date_delta_sql("TIMEADD"),
1045            exp.Timestamp: no_timestamp_sql,
1046            exp.TimestampAdd: date_delta_sql("TIMESTAMPADD"),
1047            exp.TimestampDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
1048                "TIMESTAMPDIFF", e.unit, e.expression, e.this
1049            ),
1050            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
1051            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
1052            exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EXTRACT(epoch_second FROM {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
1053            exp.ToArray: rename_func("TO_ARRAY"),
1054            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
1055            exp.ToDouble: rename_func("TO_DOUBLE"),
1056            exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD", cast=True),
1057            exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
1058            exp.TsOrDsToDate: lambda self, e: self.func(
1059                "TRY_TO_DATE" if e.args.get("safe") else "TO_DATE", e.this, self.format_time(e)
1060            ),
1061            exp.TsOrDsToTime: lambda self, e: self.func(
1062                "TRY_TO_TIME" if e.args.get("safe") else "TO_TIME", e.this, self.format_time(e)
1063            ),
1064            exp.Unhex: rename_func("HEX_DECODE_BINARY"),
1065            exp.UnixToTime: rename_func("TO_TIMESTAMP"),
1066            exp.Uuid: rename_func("UUID_STRING"),
1067            exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
1068            exp.WeekOfYear: rename_func("WEEKOFYEAR"),
1069            exp.Xor: rename_func("BOOLXOR"),
1070            exp.Levenshtein: unsupported_args("ins_cost", "del_cost", "sub_cost")(
1071                rename_func("EDITDISTANCE")
1072            ),
1073        }
1074
1075        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
1076            exp.JSONPathKey,
1077            exp.JSONPathRoot,
1078            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
1079        }
1080
1081        TYPE_MAPPING = {
1082            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
1083            exp.DataType.Type.NESTED: "OBJECT",
1084            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "OBJECT",
1085        }
1086
1087        TOKEN_MAPPING = {
1088            TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: "AUTOINCREMENT",
1089        }
1090
1091        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
1092            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
1093            exp.SetProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
1094            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
1095        }
1096
1097        UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS = {
1098            exp.Map,
1099            exp.StarMap,
1100            exp.Struct,
1101            exp.VarMap,
1102        }
1103
1104        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
1105            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.sep(""), sep=" ")
1106
1107        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values, values_as_table: bool = True) -> str:
1108            if expression.find(*self.UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS):
1109                values_as_table = False
1110
1111            return super().values_sql(expression, values_as_table=values_as_table)
1112
1113        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
1114            expressions = expression.expressions
1115            if (
1116                expressions
1117                and expression.is_type(*exp.DataType.STRUCT_TYPES)
1118                and any(isinstance(field_type, exp.DataType) for field_type in expressions)
1119            ):
1120                # The correct syntax is OBJECT [ (<key> <value_type [NOT NULL] [, ...]) ]
1121                return "OBJECT"
1122
1123            return super().datatype_sql(expression)
1124
1125        def tonumber_sql(self, expression: exp.ToNumber) -> str:
1126            return self.func(
1127                "TO_NUMBER",
1128                expression.this,
1129                expression.args.get("format"),
1130                expression.args.get("precision"),
1131                expression.args.get("scale"),
1132            )
1133
1134        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
1135            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
1136            if milli is not None:
1137                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
1138                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
1139
1140            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)
1141
1142        def cast_sql(self, expression: exp.Cast, safe_prefix: t.Optional[str] = None) -> str:
1143            if expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.GEOGRAPHY):
1144                return self.func("TO_GEOGRAPHY", expression.this)
1145            if expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.GEOMETRY):
1146                return self.func("TO_GEOMETRY", expression.this)
1147
1148            return super().cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix=safe_prefix)
1149
1150        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
1151            value = expression.this
1152
1153            if value.type is None:
1154                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
1155
1156                value = annotate_types(value)
1157
1158            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
1159                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
1160
1161            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
1162            return self.cast_sql(expression)
1163
1164        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
1165            if not expression.expression:
1166                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
1167
1168            return super().log_sql(expression)
1169
1170        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
1171            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
1172            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
1173
1174            columns = [
1175                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
1176                exp.to_identifier("key"),
1177                exp.to_identifier("path"),
1178                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
1179                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
1180                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
1181                exp.to_identifier("this"),
1182            ]
1183
1184            if unnest_alias:
1185                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
1186            else:
1187                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
1188
1189            table_input = self.sql(expression.expressions[0])
1190            if not table_input.startswith("INPUT =>"):
1191                table_input = f"INPUT => {table_input}"
1192
1193            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN({table_input}))"
1194            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
1195            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
1196            return f"{explode}{alias}"
1197
1198        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
1199            terse = "TERSE " if expression.args.get("terse") else ""
1200            history = " HISTORY" if expression.args.get("history") else ""
1201            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
1202            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
1203
1204            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
1205            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
1206
1207            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
1208            if scope_kind:
1209                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
1210
1211            starts_with = self.sql(expression, "starts_with")
1212            if starts_with:
1213                starts_with = f" STARTS WITH {starts_with}"
1214
1215            limit = self.sql(expression, "limit")
1216
1217            from_ = self.sql(expression, "from")
1218            if from_:
1219                from_ = f" FROM {from_}"
1220
1221            privileges = self.expressions(expression, key="privileges", flat=True)
1222            privileges = f" WITH PRIVILEGES {privileges}" if privileges else ""
1223
1224            return f"SHOW {terse}{expression.name}{history}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}{starts_with}{limit}{from_}{privileges}"
1225
1226        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
1227            # Default to table if kind is unknown
1228            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
1229            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
1230            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
1231            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
1232            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
1233            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"
1234
1235        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
1236            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
1237        ) -> str:
1238            start = expression.args.get("start")
1239            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
1240            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
1241            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
1242            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"
1243
1244        def cluster_sql(self, expression: exp.Cluster) -> str:
1245            return f"CLUSTER BY ({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)})"
1246
1247        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
1248            keys = []
1249            values = []
1250
1251            for i, e in enumerate(expression.expressions):
1252                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
1253                    keys.append(
1254                        exp.Literal.string(e.name) if isinstance(e.this, exp.Identifier) else e.this
1255                    )
1256                    values.append(e.expression)
1257                else:
1258                    keys.append(exp.Literal.string(f"_{i}"))
1259                    values.append(e)
1260
1261            return self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT", *flatten(zip(keys, values)))
1262
1263        @unsupported_args("weight", "accuracy")
1264        def approxquantile_sql(self, expression: exp.ApproxQuantile) -> str:
1265            return self.func("APPROX_PERCENTILE", expression.this, expression.args.get("quantile"))
1266
1267        def alterset_sql(self, expression: exp.AlterSet) -> str:
1268            exprs = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
1269            exprs = f" {exprs}" if exprs else ""
1270            file_format = self.expressions(expression, key="file_format", flat=True, sep=" ")
1271            file_format = f" STAGE_FILE_FORMAT = ({file_format})" if file_format else ""
1272            copy_options = self.expressions(expression, key="copy_options", flat=True, sep=" ")
1273            copy_options = f" STAGE_COPY_OPTIONS = ({copy_options})" if copy_options else ""
1274            tag = self.expressions(expression, key="tag", flat=True)
1275            tag = f" TAG {tag}" if tag else ""
1276
1277            return f"SET{exprs}{file_format}{copy_options}{tag}"
1278
1279        def strtotime_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToTime):
1280            safe_prefix = "TRY_" if expression.args.get("safe") else ""
1281            return self.func(
1282                f"{safe_prefix}TO_TIMESTAMP", expression.this, self.format_time(expression)
1283            )
1284
1285        def timestampsub_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampSub):
1286            return self.sql(
1287                exp.TimestampAdd(
1288                    this=expression.this,
1289                    expression=expression.expression * -1,
1290                    unit=expression.unit,
1291                )
1292            )
1293
1294        def jsonextract_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONExtract):
1295            this = expression.this
1296
1297            # JSON strings are valid coming from other dialects such as BQ
1298            return self.func(
1299                "GET_PATH",
1300                exp.ParseJSON(this=this) if this.is_string else this,
1301                expression.expression,
1302            )
1303
1304        def timetostr_sql(self, expression: exp.TimeToStr) -> str:
1305            this = expression.this
1306            if not isinstance(this, exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp):
1307                this = exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP)
1308
1309            return self.func("TO_CHAR", this, self.format_time(expression))
1310
1311        def datesub_sql(self, expression: exp.DateSub) -> str:
1312            value = expression.expression
1313            if value:
1314                value.replace(value * (-1))
1315            else:
1316                self.unsupported("DateSub cannot be transpiled if the subtracted count is unknown")
1317
1318            return date_delta_sql("DATEADD")(self, expression)
1319
1320        def select_sql(self, expression: exp.Select) -> str:
1321            limit = expression.args.get("limit")
1322            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
1323            if offset and not limit:
1324                expression.limit(exp.Null(), copy=False)
1325            return super().select_sql(expression)
class Snowflake(sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect):
 337class Snowflake(Dialect):
 338    # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/identifiers-syntax
 339    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.UPPERCASE
 340    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_large"
 341    TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'"
 342    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
 343    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
 344    PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN = True
 345    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
 346    COPY_PARAMS_ARE_CSV = False
 347    ARRAY_AGG_INCLUDES_NULLS = None
 348
 349    TIME_MAPPING = {
 350        "YYYY": "%Y",
 351        "yyyy": "%Y",
 352        "YY": "%y",
 353        "yy": "%y",
 354        "MMMM": "%B",
 355        "mmmm": "%B",
 356        "MON": "%b",
 357        "mon": "%b",
 358        "MM": "%m",
 359        "mm": "%m",
 360        "DD": "%d",
 361        "dd": "%-d",
 362        "DY": "%a",
 363        "dy": "%w",
 364        "HH24": "%H",
 365        "hh24": "%H",
 366        "HH12": "%I",
 367        "hh12": "%I",
 368        "MI": "%M",
 369        "mi": "%M",
 370        "SS": "%S",
 371        "ss": "%S",
 372        "FF6": "%f",
 373        "ff6": "%f",
 374    }
 375
 376    def quote_identifier(self, expression: E, identify: bool = True) -> E:
 377        # This disables quoting DUAL in SELECT ... FROM DUAL, because Snowflake treats an
 378        # unquoted DUAL keyword in a special way and does not map it to a user-defined table
 379        if (
 380            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
 381            and isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Table)
 382            and expression.name.lower() == "dual"
 383        ):
 384            return expression  # type: ignore
 385
 386        return super().quote_identifier(expression, identify=identify)
 387
 388    class JSONPathTokenizer(jsonpath.JSONPathTokenizer):
 389        SINGLE_TOKENS = jsonpath.JSONPathTokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS.copy()
 390        SINGLE_TOKENS.pop("$")
 391
 392    class Parser(parser.Parser):
 393        IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
 394        DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD = "BERNOULLI"
 395        COLON_IS_VARIANT_EXTRACT = True
 396
 397        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
 398            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
 399            TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
 400        }
 401
 402        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS | {TokenType.WINDOW}
 403        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS.discard(TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION)
 404
 405        FUNCTIONS = {
 406            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
 407            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": exp.ApproxQuantile.from_arg_list,
 408            "ARRAY_CONSTRUCT": lambda args: exp.Array(expressions=args),
 409            "ARRAY_CONTAINS": lambda args: exp.ArrayContains(
 410                this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=seq_get(args, 0)
 411            ),
 412            "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE": lambda args: exp.GenerateSeries(
 413                # ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE has an exlusive end; we normalize it to be inclusive
 414                start=seq_get(args, 0),
 415                end=exp.Sub(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(1)),
 416                step=seq_get(args, 2),
 417            ),
 418            "BITXOR": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseXor, "BITXOR"),
 419            "BIT_XOR": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseXor, "BITXOR"),
 420            "BITOR": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseOr, "BITOR"),
 421            "BIT_OR": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseOr, "BITOR"),
 422            "BITSHIFTLEFT": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseLeftShift, "BITSHIFTLEFT"),
 423            "BIT_SHIFTLEFT": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseLeftShift, "BIT_SHIFTLEFT"),
 424            "BITSHIFTRIGHT": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseRightShift, "BITSHIFTRIGHT"),
 425            "BIT_SHIFTRIGHT": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseRightShift, "BIT_SHIFTRIGHT"),
 426            "BOOLXOR": _build_bitwise(exp.Xor, "BOOLXOR"),
 427            "DATE": _build_datetime("DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
 428            "DATE_TRUNC": _date_trunc_to_time,
 429            "DATEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
 430            "DATEDIFF": _build_datediff,
 431            "DIV0": _build_if_from_div0,
 432            "EDITDISTANCE": lambda args: exp.Levenshtein(
 433                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1), max_dist=seq_get(args, 2)
 434            ),
 435            "FLATTEN": exp.Explode.from_arg_list,
 436            "GET_PATH": lambda args, dialect: exp.JSONExtract(
 437                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=dialect.to_json_path(seq_get(args, 1))
 438            ),
 439            "HEX_DECODE_BINARY": exp.Unhex.from_arg_list,
 440            "IFF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
 441            "LAST_DAY": lambda args: exp.LastDay(
 442                this=seq_get(args, 0), unit=map_date_part(seq_get(args, 1))
 443            ),
 444            "LEN": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), binary=True),
 445            "LENGTH": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), binary=True),
 446            "NULLIFZERO": _build_if_from_nullifzero,
 447            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT": _build_object_construct,
 448            "REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL": _build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtractAll),
 449            "REGEXP_REPLACE": _build_regexp_replace,
 450            "REGEXP_SUBSTR": _build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtract),
 451            "REGEXP_SUBSTR_ALL": _build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtractAll),
 452            "RLIKE": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
 453            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
 454            "TABLE": lambda args: exp.TableFromRows(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
 455            "TIMEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.TimeAdd),
 456            "TIMEDIFF": _build_datediff,
 457            "TIMESTAMPADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
 458            "TIMESTAMPDIFF": _build_datediff,
 459            "TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
 460            "TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
 461            "TIMESTAMPNTZFROMPARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
 462            "TIMESTAMP_NTZ_FROM_PARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
 463            "TRY_PARSE_JSON": lambda args: exp.ParseJSON(this=seq_get(args, 0), safe=True),
 464            "TRY_TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TRY_TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE, safe=True),
 465            "TRY_TO_TIME": _build_datetime("TRY_TO_TIME", exp.DataType.Type.TIME, safe=True),
 466            "TRY_TO_TIMESTAMP": _build_datetime(
 467                "TRY_TO_TIMESTAMP", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP, safe=True
 468            ),
 469            "TO_CHAR": build_timetostr_or_tochar,
 470            "TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
 471            "TO_NUMBER": lambda args: exp.ToNumber(
 472                this=seq_get(args, 0),
 473                format=seq_get(args, 1),
 474                precision=seq_get(args, 2),
 475                scale=seq_get(args, 3),
 476            ),
 477            "TO_TIME": _build_datetime("TO_TIME", exp.DataType.Type.TIME),
 478            "TO_TIMESTAMP": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
 479            "TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ),
 480            "TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
 481            "TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ),
 482            "TO_VARCHAR": exp.ToChar.from_arg_list,
 483            "ZEROIFNULL": _build_if_from_zeroifnull,
 484        }
 485
 486        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
 487            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
 488            "DATE_PART": lambda self: self._parse_date_part(),
 489            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL": lambda self: self._parse_json_object(),
 490            "LISTAGG": lambda self: self._parse_string_agg(),
 491        }
 492        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
 493
 494        TIMESTAMPS = parser.Parser.TIMESTAMPS - {TokenType.TIME}
 495
 496        RANGE_PARSERS = {
 497            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,
 498            TokenType.LIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.LikeAny),
 499            TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.ILikeAny),
 500        }
 501
 502        ALTER_PARSERS = {
 503            **parser.Parser.ALTER_PARSERS,
 504            "UNSET": lambda self: self.expression(
 505                exp.Set,
 506                tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG"),
 507                expressions=self._parse_csv(self._parse_id_var),
 508                unset=True,
 509            ),
 510        }
 511
 512        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
 513            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
 514            TokenType.PUT: lambda self: self._parse_put(),
 515            TokenType.SHOW: lambda self: self._parse_show(),
 516        }
 517
 518        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
 519            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
 520            "LOCATION": lambda self: self._parse_location_property(),
 521            "TAG": lambda self: self._parse_tag(),
 522        }
 523
 524        TYPE_CONVERTERS = {
 525            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-numeric#number
 526            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: build_default_decimal_type(precision=38, scale=0),
 527        }
 528
 529        SHOW_PARSERS = {
 530            "DATABASES": _show_parser("DATABASES"),
 531            "TERSE DATABASES": _show_parser("DATABASES"),
 532            "SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
 533            "TERSE SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
 534            "OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
 535            "TERSE OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
 536            "TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
 537            "TERSE TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
 538            "VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
 539            "TERSE VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
 540            "PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
 541            "TERSE PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
 542            "IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
 543            "TERSE IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
 544            "UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
 545            "TERSE UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
 546            "SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
 547            "TERSE SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
 548            "COLUMNS": _show_parser("COLUMNS"),
 549            "USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
 550            "TERSE USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
 551            "FUNCTIONS": _show_parser("FUNCTIONS"),
 552            "PROCEDURES": _show_parser("PROCEDURES"),
 553            "WAREHOUSES": _show_parser("WAREHOUSES"),
 554        }
 555
 556        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
 557            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
 558            "WITH": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
 559            "MASKING": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
 560            "PROJECTION": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
 561            "TAG": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
 562        }
 563
 564        STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {
 565            TokenType.DOT,
 566            TokenType.MOD,
 567            TokenType.SLASH,
 568        }
 569
 570        FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ["SEQ", "KEY", "PATH", "INDEX", "VALUE", "THIS"]
 571
 572        SCHEMA_KINDS = {"OBJECTS", "TABLES", "VIEWS", "SEQUENCES", "UNIQUE KEYS", "IMPORTED KEYS"}
 573
 574        NON_TABLE_CREATABLES = {"STORAGE INTEGRATION", "TAG", "WAREHOUSE", "STREAMLIT"}
 575
 576        LAMBDAS = {
 577            **parser.Parser.LAMBDAS,
 578            TokenType.ARROW: lambda self, expressions: self.expression(
 579                exp.Lambda,
 580                this=self._replace_lambda(
 581                    self._parse_assignment(),
 582                    expressions,
 583                ),
 584                expressions=[e.this if isinstance(e, exp.Cast) else e for e in expressions],
 585            ),
 586        }
 587
 588        def _parse_use(self) -> exp.Use:
 589            if self._match_text_seq("SECONDARY", "ROLES"):
 590                this = self._match_texts(("ALL", "NONE")) and exp.var(self._prev.text.upper())
 591                roles = None if this else self._parse_csv(lambda: self._parse_table(schema=False))
 592                return self.expression(
 593                    exp.Use, kind="SECONDARY ROLES", this=this, expressions=roles
 594                )
 595
 596            return super()._parse_use()
 597
 598        def _negate_range(
 599            self, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression] = None
 600        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 601            if not this:
 602                return this
 603
 604            query = this.args.get("query")
 605            if isinstance(this, exp.In) and isinstance(query, exp.Query):
 606                # Snowflake treats `value NOT IN (subquery)` as `VALUE <> ALL (subquery)`, so
 607                # we do this conversion here to avoid parsing it into `NOT value IN (subquery)`
 608                # which can produce different results (most likely a SnowFlake bug).
 609                #
 610                # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/in
 611                # Context: https://github.com/tobymao/sqlglot/issues/3890
 612                return self.expression(
 613                    exp.NEQ, this=this.this, expression=exp.All(this=query.unnest())
 614                )
 615
 616            return self.expression(exp.Not, this=this)
 617
 618        def _parse_tag(self) -> exp.Tags:
 619            return self.expression(
 620                exp.Tags,
 621                expressions=self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_property),
 622            )
 623
 624        def _parse_with_constraint(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 625            if self._prev.token_type != TokenType.WITH:
 626                self._retreat(self._index - 1)
 627
 628            if self._match_text_seq("MASKING", "POLICY"):
 629                policy = self._parse_column()
 630                return self.expression(
 631                    exp.MaskingPolicyColumnConstraint,
 632                    this=policy.to_dot() if isinstance(policy, exp.Column) else policy,
 633                    expressions=self._match(TokenType.USING)
 634                    and self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_id_var),
 635                )
 636            if self._match_text_seq("PROJECTION", "POLICY"):
 637                policy = self._parse_column()
 638                return self.expression(
 639                    exp.ProjectionPolicyColumnConstraint,
 640                    this=policy.to_dot() if isinstance(policy, exp.Column) else policy,
 641                )
 642            if self._match(TokenType.TAG):
 643                return self._parse_tag()
 644
 645            return None
 646
 647        def _parse_with_property(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression] | t.List[exp.Expression]:
 648            if self._match(TokenType.TAG):
 649                return self._parse_tag()
 650
 651            return super()._parse_with_property()
 652
 653        def _parse_create(self) -> exp.Create | exp.Command:
 654            expression = super()._parse_create()
 655            if isinstance(expression, exp.Create) and expression.kind in self.NON_TABLE_CREATABLES:
 656                # Replace the Table node with the enclosed Identifier
 657                expression.this.replace(expression.this.this)
 658
 659            return expression
 660
 661        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/date_part.html
 662        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions-date-time.html#label-supported-date-time-parts
 663        def _parse_date_part(self: Snowflake.Parser) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 664            this = self._parse_var() or self._parse_type()
 665
 666            if not this:
 667                return None
 668
 669            self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
 670            expression = self._parse_bitwise()
 671            this = map_date_part(this)
 672            name = this.name.upper()
 673
 674            if name.startswith("EPOCH"):
 675                if name == "EPOCH_MILLISECOND":
 676                    scale = 10**3
 677                elif name == "EPOCH_MICROSECOND":
 678                    scale = 10**6
 679                elif name == "EPOCH_NANOSECOND":
 680                    scale = 10**9
 681                else:
 682                    scale = None
 683
 684                ts = self.expression(exp.Cast, this=expression, to=exp.DataType.build("TIMESTAMP"))
 685                to_unix: exp.Expression = self.expression(exp.TimeToUnix, this=ts)
 686
 687                if scale:
 688                    to_unix = exp.Mul(this=to_unix, expression=exp.Literal.number(scale))
 689
 690                return to_unix
 691
 692            return self.expression(exp.Extract, this=this, expression=expression)
 693
 694        def _parse_bracket_key_value(self, is_map: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 695            if is_map:
 696                # Keys are strings in Snowflake's objects, see also:
 697                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-semistructured
 698                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/object_construct
 699                return self._parse_slice(self._parse_string())
 700
 701            return self._parse_slice(self._parse_alias(self._parse_assignment(), explicit=True))
 702
 703        def _parse_lateral(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Lateral]:
 704            lateral = super()._parse_lateral()
 705            if not lateral:
 706                return lateral
 707
 708            if isinstance(lateral.this, exp.Explode):
 709                table_alias = lateral.args.get("alias")
 710                columns = [exp.to_identifier(col) for col in self.FLATTEN_COLUMNS]
 711                if table_alias and not table_alias.args.get("columns"):
 712                    table_alias.set("columns", columns)
 713                elif not table_alias:
 714                    exp.alias_(lateral, "_flattened", table=columns, copy=False)
 715
 716            return lateral
 717
 718        def _parse_table_parts(
 719            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False, wildcard: bool = False
 720        ) -> exp.Table:
 721            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/querying-stage
 722            if self._match(TokenType.STRING, advance=False):
 723                table = self._parse_string()
 724            elif self._match_text_seq("@", advance=False):
 725                table = self._parse_location_path()
 726            else:
 727                table = None
 728
 729            if table:
 730                file_format = None
 731                pattern = None
 732
 733                wrapped = self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
 734                while self._curr and wrapped and not self._match(TokenType.R_PAREN):
 735                    if self._match_text_seq("FILE_FORMAT", "=>"):
 736                        file_format = self._parse_string() or super()._parse_table_parts(
 737                            is_db_reference=is_db_reference
 738                        )
 739                    elif self._match_text_seq("PATTERN", "=>"):
 740                        pattern = self._parse_string()
 741                    else:
 742                        break
 743
 744                    self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
 745
 746                table = self.expression(exp.Table, this=table, format=file_format, pattern=pattern)
 747            else:
 748                table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference)
 749
 750            return table
 751
 752        def _parse_table(
 753            self,
 754            schema: bool = False,
 755            joins: bool = False,
 756            alias_tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None,
 757            parse_bracket: bool = False,
 758            is_db_reference: bool = False,
 759            parse_partition: bool = False,
 760        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 761            table = super()._parse_table(
 762                schema=schema,
 763                joins=joins,
 764                alias_tokens=alias_tokens,
 765                parse_bracket=parse_bracket,
 766                is_db_reference=is_db_reference,
 767                parse_partition=parse_partition,
 768            )
 769            if isinstance(table, exp.Table) and isinstance(table.this, exp.TableFromRows):
 770                table_from_rows = table.this
 771                for arg in exp.TableFromRows.arg_types:
 772                    if arg != "this":
 773                        table_from_rows.set(arg, table.args.get(arg))
 774
 775                table = table_from_rows
 776
 777            return table
 778
 779        def _parse_id_var(
 780            self,
 781            any_token: bool = True,
 782            tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None,
 783        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 784            if self._match_text_seq("IDENTIFIER", "("):
 785                identifier = (
 786                    super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
 787                    or self._parse_string()
 788                )
 789                self._match_r_paren()
 790                return self.expression(exp.Anonymous, this="IDENTIFIER", expressions=[identifier])
 791
 792            return super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
 793
 794        def _parse_show_snowflake(self, this: str) -> exp.Show:
 795            scope = None
 796            scope_kind = None
 797
 798            # will identity SHOW TERSE SCHEMAS but not SHOW TERSE PRIMARY KEYS
 799            # which is syntactically valid but has no effect on the output
 800            terse = self._tokens[self._index - 2].text.upper() == "TERSE"
 801
 802            history = self._match_text_seq("HISTORY")
 803
 804            like = self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.LIKE) else None
 805
 806            if self._match(TokenType.IN):
 807                if self._match_text_seq("ACCOUNT"):
 808                    scope_kind = "ACCOUNT"
 809                elif self._match_text_seq("CLASS"):
 810                    scope_kind = "CLASS"
 811                    scope = self._parse_table_parts()
 812                elif self._match_text_seq("APPLICATION"):
 813                    scope_kind = "APPLICATION"
 814                    if self._match_text_seq("PACKAGE"):
 815                        scope_kind += " PACKAGE"
 816                    scope = self._parse_table_parts()
 817                elif self._match_set(self.DB_CREATABLES):
 818                    scope_kind = self._prev.text.upper()
 819                    if self._curr:
 820                        scope = self._parse_table_parts()
 821                elif self._curr:
 822                    scope_kind = "SCHEMA" if this in self.SCHEMA_KINDS else "TABLE"
 823                    scope = self._parse_table_parts()
 824
 825            return self.expression(
 826                exp.Show,
 827                **{
 828                    "terse": terse,
 829                    "this": this,
 830                    "history": history,
 831                    "like": like,
 832                    "scope": scope,
 833                    "scope_kind": scope_kind,
 834                    "starts_with": self._match_text_seq("STARTS", "WITH") and self._parse_string(),
 835                    "limit": self._parse_limit(),
 836                    "from": self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.FROM) else None,
 837                    "privileges": self._match_text_seq("WITH", "PRIVILEGES")
 838                    and self._parse_csv(lambda: self._parse_var(any_token=True, upper=True)),
 839                },
 840            )
 841
 842        def _parse_put(self) -> exp.Put | exp.Command:
 843            if self._curr.token_type != TokenType.STRING:
 844                return self._parse_as_command(self._prev)
 845
 846            return self.expression(
 847                exp.Put,
 848                this=self._parse_string(),
 849                target=self._parse_location_path(),
 850                properties=self._parse_properties(),
 851            )
 852
 853        def _parse_location_property(self) -> exp.LocationProperty:
 854            self._match(TokenType.EQ)
 855            return self.expression(exp.LocationProperty, this=self._parse_location_path())
 856
 857        def _parse_file_location(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 858            # Parse either a subquery or a staged file
 859            return (
 860                self._parse_select(table=True, parse_subquery_alias=False)
 861                if self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN, advance=False)
 862                else self._parse_table_parts()
 863            )
 864
 865        def _parse_location_path(self) -> exp.Var:
 866            parts = [self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True)]
 867
 868            # We avoid consuming a comma token because external tables like @foo and @bar
 869            # can be joined in a query with a comma separator, as well as closing paren
 870            # in case of subqueries
 871            while self._is_connected() and not self._match_set(
 872                (TokenType.COMMA, TokenType.L_PAREN, TokenType.R_PAREN), advance=False
 873            ):
 874                parts.append(self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True))
 875
 876            return exp.var("".join(part.text for part in parts if part))
 877
 878        def _parse_lambda_arg(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 879            this = super()._parse_lambda_arg()
 880
 881            if not this:
 882                return this
 883
 884            typ = self._parse_types()
 885
 886            if typ:
 887                return self.expression(exp.Cast, this=this, to=typ)
 888
 889            return this
 890
 891        def _parse_foreign_key(self) -> exp.ForeignKey:
 892            # inlineFK, the REFERENCES columns are implied
 893            if self._match(TokenType.REFERENCES, advance=False):
 894                return self.expression(exp.ForeignKey)
 895
 896            # outoflineFK, explicitly names the columns
 897            return super()._parse_foreign_key()
 898
 899    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
 900        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
 901        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
 902        RAW_STRINGS = ["$$"]
 903        COMMENTS = ["--", "//", ("/*", "*/")]
 904        NESTED_COMMENTS = False
 905
 906        KEYWORDS = {
 907            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
 908            "FILE://": TokenType.URI_START,
 909            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
 910            "CHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
 911            "CHARACTER VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
 912            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
 913            "ILIKE ANY": TokenType.ILIKE_ANY,
 914            "LIKE ANY": TokenType.LIKE_ANY,
 915            "MATCH_CONDITION": TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
 916            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
 917            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
 918            "NCHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
 919            "PUT": TokenType.PUT,
 920            "REMOVE": TokenType.COMMAND,
 921            "RM": TokenType.COMMAND,
 922            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
 923            "SQL_DOUBLE": TokenType.DOUBLE,
 924            "SQL_VARCHAR": TokenType.VARCHAR,
 925            "STORAGE INTEGRATION": TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION,
 926            "TAG": TokenType.TAG,
 927            "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
 928            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
 929            "WAREHOUSE": TokenType.WAREHOUSE,
 930            "STREAMLIT": TokenType.STREAMLIT,
 931        }
 932        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
 933
 934        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
 935            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
 936            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
 937        }
 938
 939        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}
 940
 941        COMMANDS = tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS - {TokenType.SHOW}
 942
 943    class Generator(generator.Generator):
 944        PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$"
 945        MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
 946        SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
 947        JOIN_HINTS = False
 948        TABLE_HINTS = False
 949        QUERY_HINTS = False
 950        AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
 951        SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
 952        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
 953        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
 954        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
 955        INSERT_OVERWRITE = " OVERWRITE INTO"
 956        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
 957        COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED = False
 958        COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED = True
 959        STAR_EXCEPT = "EXCLUDE"
 960        SUPPORTS_EXPLODING_PROJECTIONS = False
 961        ARRAY_CONCAT_IS_VAR_LEN = False
 962        SUPPORTS_CONVERT_TIMEZONE = True
 963        EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
 964        SUPPORTS_MEDIAN = True
 965        ARRAY_SIZE_NAME = "ARRAY_SIZE"
 966
 967        TRANSFORMS = {
 968            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
 969            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
 970            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
 971            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
 972            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
 973            exp.ArrayConcat: lambda self, e: self.arrayconcat_sql(e, name="ARRAY_CAT"),
 974            exp.ArrayContains: lambda self, e: self.func("ARRAY_CONTAINS", e.expression, e.this),
 975            exp.AtTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
 976                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), e.this
 977            ),
 978            exp.BitwiseOr: rename_func("BITOR"),
 979            exp.BitwiseXor: rename_func("BITXOR"),
 980            exp.BitwiseLeftShift: rename_func("BITSHIFTLEFT"),
 981            exp.BitwiseRightShift: rename_func("BITSHIFTRIGHT"),
 982            exp.Create: transforms.preprocess([_flatten_structured_types_unless_iceberg]),
 983            exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"),
 984            exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
 985            exp.DatetimeAdd: date_delta_sql("TIMESTAMPADD"),
 986            exp.DatetimeDiff: timestampdiff_sql,
 987            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
 988            exp.DayOfMonth: rename_func("DAYOFMONTH"),
 989            exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"),
 990            exp.DayOfYear: rename_func("DAYOFYEAR"),
 991            exp.Explode: rename_func("FLATTEN"),
 992            exp.Extract: rename_func("DATE_PART"),
 993            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
 994                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), "'UTC'", e.this
 995            ),
 996            exp.GenerateSeries: lambda self, e: self.func(
 997                "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE", e.args["start"], e.args["end"] + 1, e.args.get("step")
 998            ),
 999            exp.GroupConcat: lambda self, e: groupconcat_sql(self, e, sep=""),
1000            exp.If: if_sql(name="IFF", false_value="NULL"),
1001            exp.JSONExtractArray: _json_extract_value_array_sql,
1002            exp.JSONExtractScalar: lambda self, e: self.func(
1003                "JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT", e.this, e.expression
1004            ),
1005            exp.JSONObject: lambda self, e: self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL", *e.expressions),
1006            exp.JSONPathRoot: lambda *_: "",
1007            exp.JSONValueArray: _json_extract_value_array_sql,
1008            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOLAND_AGG"),
1009            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOLOR_AGG"),
1010            exp.Map: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
1011            exp.MakeInterval: no_make_interval_sql,
1012            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
1013            exp.Min: min_or_least,
1014            exp.ParseJSON: lambda self, e: self.func(
1015                "TRY_PARSE_JSON" if e.args.get("safe") else "PARSE_JSON", e.this
1016            ),
1017            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
1018            exp.PercentileCont: transforms.preprocess(
1019                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
1020            ),
1021            exp.PercentileDisc: transforms.preprocess(
1022                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
1023            ),
1024            exp.Pivot: transforms.preprocess([_unqualify_pivot_columns]),
1025            exp.RegexpExtract: _regexpextract_sql,
1026            exp.RegexpExtractAll: _regexpextract_sql,
1027            exp.RegexpILike: _regexpilike_sql,
1028            exp.Rand: rename_func("RANDOM"),
1029            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
1030                [
1031                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
1032                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
1033                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
1034                    _transform_generate_date_array,
1035                ]
1036            ),
1037            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
1038            exp.StarMap: rename_func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
1039            exp.StartsWith: rename_func("STARTSWITH"),
1040            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: strposition_sql(
1041                self, e, func_name="CHARINDEX", supports_position=True
1042            ),
1043            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
1044            exp.Stuff: rename_func("INSERT"),
1045            exp.TimeAdd: date_delta_sql("TIMEADD"),
1046            exp.Timestamp: no_timestamp_sql,
1047            exp.TimestampAdd: date_delta_sql("TIMESTAMPADD"),
1048            exp.TimestampDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
1049                "TIMESTAMPDIFF", e.unit, e.expression, e.this
1050            ),
1051            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
1052            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
1053            exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EXTRACT(epoch_second FROM {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
1054            exp.ToArray: rename_func("TO_ARRAY"),
1055            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
1056            exp.ToDouble: rename_func("TO_DOUBLE"),
1057            exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD", cast=True),
1058            exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
1059            exp.TsOrDsToDate: lambda self, e: self.func(
1060                "TRY_TO_DATE" if e.args.get("safe") else "TO_DATE", e.this, self.format_time(e)
1061            ),
1062            exp.TsOrDsToTime: lambda self, e: self.func(
1063                "TRY_TO_TIME" if e.args.get("safe") else "TO_TIME", e.this, self.format_time(e)
1064            ),
1065            exp.Unhex: rename_func("HEX_DECODE_BINARY"),
1066            exp.UnixToTime: rename_func("TO_TIMESTAMP"),
1067            exp.Uuid: rename_func("UUID_STRING"),
1068            exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
1069            exp.WeekOfYear: rename_func("WEEKOFYEAR"),
1070            exp.Xor: rename_func("BOOLXOR"),
1071            exp.Levenshtein: unsupported_args("ins_cost", "del_cost", "sub_cost")(
1072                rename_func("EDITDISTANCE")
1073            ),
1074        }
1075
1076        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
1077            exp.JSONPathKey,
1078            exp.JSONPathRoot,
1079            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
1080        }
1081
1082        TYPE_MAPPING = {
1083            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
1084            exp.DataType.Type.NESTED: "OBJECT",
1085            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "OBJECT",
1086        }
1087
1088        TOKEN_MAPPING = {
1089            TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: "AUTOINCREMENT",
1090        }
1091
1092        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
1093            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
1094            exp.SetProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
1095            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
1096        }
1097
1098        UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS = {
1099            exp.Map,
1100            exp.StarMap,
1101            exp.Struct,
1102            exp.VarMap,
1103        }
1104
1105        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
1106            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.sep(""), sep=" ")
1107
1108        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values, values_as_table: bool = True) -> str:
1109            if expression.find(*self.UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS):
1110                values_as_table = False
1111
1112            return super().values_sql(expression, values_as_table=values_as_table)
1113
1114        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
1115            expressions = expression.expressions
1116            if (
1117                expressions
1118                and expression.is_type(*exp.DataType.STRUCT_TYPES)
1119                and any(isinstance(field_type, exp.DataType) for field_type in expressions)
1120            ):
1121                # The correct syntax is OBJECT [ (<key> <value_type [NOT NULL] [, ...]) ]
1122                return "OBJECT"
1123
1124            return super().datatype_sql(expression)
1125
1126        def tonumber_sql(self, expression: exp.ToNumber) -> str:
1127            return self.func(
1128                "TO_NUMBER",
1129                expression.this,
1130                expression.args.get("format"),
1131                expression.args.get("precision"),
1132                expression.args.get("scale"),
1133            )
1134
1135        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
1136            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
1137            if milli is not None:
1138                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
1139                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
1140
1141            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)
1142
1143        def cast_sql(self, expression: exp.Cast, safe_prefix: t.Optional[str] = None) -> str:
1144            if expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.GEOGRAPHY):
1145                return self.func("TO_GEOGRAPHY", expression.this)
1146            if expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.GEOMETRY):
1147                return self.func("TO_GEOMETRY", expression.this)
1148
1149            return super().cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix=safe_prefix)
1150
1151        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
1152            value = expression.this
1153
1154            if value.type is None:
1155                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
1156
1157                value = annotate_types(value)
1158
1159            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
1160                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
1161
1162            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
1163            return self.cast_sql(expression)
1164
1165        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
1166            if not expression.expression:
1167                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
1168
1169            return super().log_sql(expression)
1170
1171        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
1172            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
1173            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
1174
1175            columns = [
1176                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
1177                exp.to_identifier("key"),
1178                exp.to_identifier("path"),
1179                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
1180                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
1181                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
1182                exp.to_identifier("this"),
1183            ]
1184
1185            if unnest_alias:
1186                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
1187            else:
1188                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
1189
1190            table_input = self.sql(expression.expressions[0])
1191            if not table_input.startswith("INPUT =>"):
1192                table_input = f"INPUT => {table_input}"
1193
1194            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN({table_input}))"
1195            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
1196            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
1197            return f"{explode}{alias}"
1198
1199        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
1200            terse = "TERSE " if expression.args.get("terse") else ""
1201            history = " HISTORY" if expression.args.get("history") else ""
1202            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
1203            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
1204
1205            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
1206            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
1207
1208            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
1209            if scope_kind:
1210                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
1211
1212            starts_with = self.sql(expression, "starts_with")
1213            if starts_with:
1214                starts_with = f" STARTS WITH {starts_with}"
1215
1216            limit = self.sql(expression, "limit")
1217
1218            from_ = self.sql(expression, "from")
1219            if from_:
1220                from_ = f" FROM {from_}"
1221
1222            privileges = self.expressions(expression, key="privileges", flat=True)
1223            privileges = f" WITH PRIVILEGES {privileges}" if privileges else ""
1224
1225            return f"SHOW {terse}{expression.name}{history}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}{starts_with}{limit}{from_}{privileges}"
1226
1227        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
1228            # Default to table if kind is unknown
1229            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
1230            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
1231            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
1232            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
1233            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
1234            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"
1235
1236        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
1237            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
1238        ) -> str:
1239            start = expression.args.get("start")
1240            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
1241            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
1242            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
1243            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"
1244
1245        def cluster_sql(self, expression: exp.Cluster) -> str:
1246            return f"CLUSTER BY ({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)})"
1247
1248        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
1249            keys = []
1250            values = []
1251
1252            for i, e in enumerate(expression.expressions):
1253                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
1254                    keys.append(
1255                        exp.Literal.string(e.name) if isinstance(e.this, exp.Identifier) else e.this
1256                    )
1257                    values.append(e.expression)
1258                else:
1259                    keys.append(exp.Literal.string(f"_{i}"))
1260                    values.append(e)
1261
1262            return self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT", *flatten(zip(keys, values)))
1263
1264        @unsupported_args("weight", "accuracy")
1265        def approxquantile_sql(self, expression: exp.ApproxQuantile) -> str:
1266            return self.func("APPROX_PERCENTILE", expression.this, expression.args.get("quantile"))
1267
1268        def alterset_sql(self, expression: exp.AlterSet) -> str:
1269            exprs = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
1270            exprs = f" {exprs}" if exprs else ""
1271            file_format = self.expressions(expression, key="file_format", flat=True, sep=" ")
1272            file_format = f" STAGE_FILE_FORMAT = ({file_format})" if file_format else ""
1273            copy_options = self.expressions(expression, key="copy_options", flat=True, sep=" ")
1274            copy_options = f" STAGE_COPY_OPTIONS = ({copy_options})" if copy_options else ""
1275            tag = self.expressions(expression, key="tag", flat=True)
1276            tag = f" TAG {tag}" if tag else ""
1277
1278            return f"SET{exprs}{file_format}{copy_options}{tag}"
1279
1280        def strtotime_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToTime):
1281            safe_prefix = "TRY_" if expression.args.get("safe") else ""
1282            return self.func(
1283                f"{safe_prefix}TO_TIMESTAMP", expression.this, self.format_time(expression)
1284            )
1285
1286        def timestampsub_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampSub):
1287            return self.sql(
1288                exp.TimestampAdd(
1289                    this=expression.this,
1290                    expression=expression.expression * -1,
1291                    unit=expression.unit,
1292                )
1293            )
1294
1295        def jsonextract_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONExtract):
1296            this = expression.this
1297
1298            # JSON strings are valid coming from other dialects such as BQ
1299            return self.func(
1300                "GET_PATH",
1301                exp.ParseJSON(this=this) if this.is_string else this,
1302                expression.expression,
1303            )
1304
1305        def timetostr_sql(self, expression: exp.TimeToStr) -> str:
1306            this = expression.this
1307            if not isinstance(this, exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp):
1308                this = exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP)
1309
1310            return self.func("TO_CHAR", this, self.format_time(expression))
1311
1312        def datesub_sql(self, expression: exp.DateSub) -> str:
1313            value = expression.expression
1314            if value:
1315                value.replace(value * (-1))
1316            else:
1317                self.unsupported("DateSub cannot be transpiled if the subtracted count is unknown")
1318
1319            return date_delta_sql("DATEADD")(self, expression)
1320
1321        def select_sql(self, expression: exp.Select) -> str:
1322            limit = expression.args.get("limit")
1323            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
1324            if offset and not limit:
1325                expression.limit(exp.Null(), copy=False)
1326            return super().select_sql(expression)
NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = <NormalizationStrategy.UPPERCASE: 'UPPERCASE'>

Specifies the strategy according to which identifiers should be normalized.

NULL_ORDERING = 'nulls_are_large'

Default NULL ordering method to use if not explicitly set. Possible values: "nulls_are_small", "nulls_are_large", "nulls_are_last"

TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'"
SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False

Whether user-defined data types are supported.

SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False

Whether SEMI or ANTI joins are supported.

PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN = True

Some dialects, such as Snowflake, allow you to reference a CTE column alias in the HAVING clause of the CTE. This flag will cause the CTE alias columns to override any projection aliases in the subquery.

For example, WITH y(c) AS ( SELECT SUM(a) FROM (SELECT 1 a) AS x HAVING c > 0 ) SELECT c FROM y;

will be rewritten as

WITH y(c) AS (
    SELECT SUM(a) AS c FROM (SELECT 1 AS a) AS x HAVING c > 0
) SELECT c FROM y;
TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True

Whether a size in the table sample clause represents percentage.

COPY_PARAMS_ARE_CSV = False

Whether COPY statement parameters are separated by comma or whitespace

ARRAY_AGG_INCLUDES_NULLS: Optional[bool] = None

Whether ArrayAgg needs to filter NULL values.

TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'YYYY': '%Y', 'yyyy': '%Y', 'YY': '%y', 'yy': '%y', 'MMMM': '%B', 'mmmm': '%B', 'MON': '%b', 'mon': '%b', 'MM': '%m', 'mm': '%m', 'DD': '%d', 'dd': '%-d', 'DY': '%a', 'dy': '%w', 'HH24': '%H', 'hh24': '%H', 'HH12': '%I', 'hh12': '%I', 'MI': '%M', 'mi': '%M', 'SS': '%S', 'ss': '%S', 'FF6': '%f', 'ff6': '%f'}

Associates this dialect's time formats with their equivalent Python strftime formats.

def quote_identifier(self, expression: ~E, identify: bool = True) -> ~E:
376    def quote_identifier(self, expression: E, identify: bool = True) -> E:
377        # This disables quoting DUAL in SELECT ... FROM DUAL, because Snowflake treats an
378        # unquoted DUAL keyword in a special way and does not map it to a user-defined table
379        if (
380            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
381            and isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Table)
382            and expression.name.lower() == "dual"
383        ):
384            return expression  # type: ignore
385
386        return super().quote_identifier(expression, identify=identify)

Adds quotes to a given identifier.

Arguments:
  • expression: The expression of interest. If it's not an Identifier, this method is a no-op.
  • identify: If set to False, the quotes will only be added if the identifier is deemed "unsafe", with respect to its characters and this dialect's normalization strategy.
SUPPORTS_COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS = False

Whether the old-style outer join (+) syntax is supported.

UNESCAPED_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {'\\a': '\x07', '\\b': '\x08', '\\f': '\x0c', '\\n': '\n', '\\r': '\r', '\\t': '\t', '\\v': '\x0b', '\\\\': '\\'}

Mapping of an escaped sequence (\n) to its unescaped version ( ).

tokenizer_class = <class 'Snowflake.Tokenizer'>
jsonpath_tokenizer_class = <class 'Snowflake.JSONPathTokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'Snowflake.Parser'>
generator_class = <class 'Snowflake.Generator'>
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'y': {'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'm': {'m': {'m': {'m': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'o': {'n': {0: True}}, 'i': {0: True}}, 'D': {'D': {0: True}, 'Y': {0: True}}, 'd': {'d': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'h': {'h': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}, 's': {'s': {0: True}}, 'F': {'F': {'6': {0: True}}}, 'f': {'f': {'6': {0: True}}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'y': {'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'm': {'m': {'m': {'m': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'o': {'n': {0: True}}, 'i': {0: True}}, 'D': {'D': {0: True}, 'Y': {0: True}}, 'd': {'d': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'h': {'h': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}, 's': {'s': {0: True}}, 'F': {'F': {'6': {0: True}}}, 'f': {'f': {'6': {0: True}}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%Y': 'yyyy', '%y': 'yy', '%B': 'mmmm', '%b': 'mon', '%m': 'mm', '%d': 'DD', '%-d': 'dd', '%a': 'DY', '%w': 'dy', '%H': 'hh24', '%I': 'hh12', '%M': 'mi', '%S': 'ss', '%f': 'ff6'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'Y': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}, 'B': {0: True}, 'b': {0: True}, 'm': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, '-': {'d': {0: True}}, 'a': {0: True}, 'w': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True}, 'f': {0: True}}}
INVERSE_FORMAT_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {}
INVERSE_FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {}
INVERSE_CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {}
ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {'\x07': '\\a', '\x08': '\\b', '\x0c': '\\f', '\n': '\\n', '\r': '\\r', '\t': '\\t', '\x0b': '\\v', '\\': '\\\\'}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '"'
IDENTIFIER_END = '"'
BIT_START: Optional[str] = None
BIT_END: Optional[str] = None
HEX_START: Optional[str] = "x'"
HEX_END: Optional[str] = "'"
BYTE_START: Optional[str] = None
BYTE_END: Optional[str] = None
UNICODE_START: Optional[str] = None
UNICODE_END: Optional[str] = None
class Snowflake.JSONPathTokenizer(sqlglot.jsonpath.JSONPathTokenizer):
388    class JSONPathTokenizer(jsonpath.JSONPathTokenizer):
389        SINGLE_TOKENS = jsonpath.JSONPathTokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS.copy()
390        SINGLE_TOKENS.pop("$")
SINGLE_TOKENS = {'(': <TokenType.L_PAREN: 'L_PAREN'>, ')': <TokenType.R_PAREN: 'R_PAREN'>, '[': <TokenType.L_BRACKET: 'L_BRACKET'>, ']': <TokenType.R_BRACKET: 'R_BRACKET'>, ':': <TokenType.COLON: 'COLON'>, ',': <TokenType.COMMA: 'COMMA'>, '-': <TokenType.DASH: 'DASH'>, '.': <TokenType.DOT: 'DOT'>, '?': <TokenType.PLACEHOLDER: 'PLACEHOLDER'>, '@': <TokenType.PARAMETER: 'PARAMETER'>, "'": <TokenType.QUOTE: 'QUOTE'>, '"': <TokenType.QUOTE: 'QUOTE'>, '*': <TokenType.STAR: 'STAR'>}
class Snowflake.Parser(sqlglot.parser.Parser):
392    class Parser(parser.Parser):
393        IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
394        DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD = "BERNOULLI"
395        COLON_IS_VARIANT_EXTRACT = True
396
397        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
398            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
399            TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
400        }
401
402        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS | {TokenType.WINDOW}
403        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS.discard(TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION)
404
405        FUNCTIONS = {
406            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
407            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": exp.ApproxQuantile.from_arg_list,
408            "ARRAY_CONSTRUCT": lambda args: exp.Array(expressions=args),
409            "ARRAY_CONTAINS": lambda args: exp.ArrayContains(
410                this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=seq_get(args, 0)
411            ),
412            "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE": lambda args: exp.GenerateSeries(
413                # ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE has an exlusive end; we normalize it to be inclusive
414                start=seq_get(args, 0),
415                end=exp.Sub(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(1)),
416                step=seq_get(args, 2),
417            ),
418            "BITXOR": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseXor, "BITXOR"),
419            "BIT_XOR": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseXor, "BITXOR"),
420            "BITOR": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseOr, "BITOR"),
421            "BIT_OR": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseOr, "BITOR"),
422            "BITSHIFTLEFT": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseLeftShift, "BITSHIFTLEFT"),
423            "BIT_SHIFTLEFT": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseLeftShift, "BIT_SHIFTLEFT"),
424            "BITSHIFTRIGHT": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseRightShift, "BITSHIFTRIGHT"),
425            "BIT_SHIFTRIGHT": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseRightShift, "BIT_SHIFTRIGHT"),
426            "BOOLXOR": _build_bitwise(exp.Xor, "BOOLXOR"),
427            "DATE": _build_datetime("DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
428            "DATE_TRUNC": _date_trunc_to_time,
429            "DATEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
430            "DATEDIFF": _build_datediff,
431            "DIV0": _build_if_from_div0,
432            "EDITDISTANCE": lambda args: exp.Levenshtein(
433                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1), max_dist=seq_get(args, 2)
434            ),
435            "FLATTEN": exp.Explode.from_arg_list,
436            "GET_PATH": lambda args, dialect: exp.JSONExtract(
437                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=dialect.to_json_path(seq_get(args, 1))
438            ),
439            "HEX_DECODE_BINARY": exp.Unhex.from_arg_list,
440            "IFF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
441            "LAST_DAY": lambda args: exp.LastDay(
442                this=seq_get(args, 0), unit=map_date_part(seq_get(args, 1))
443            ),
444            "LEN": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), binary=True),
445            "LENGTH": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), binary=True),
446            "NULLIFZERO": _build_if_from_nullifzero,
447            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT": _build_object_construct,
448            "REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL": _build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtractAll),
449            "REGEXP_REPLACE": _build_regexp_replace,
450            "REGEXP_SUBSTR": _build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtract),
451            "REGEXP_SUBSTR_ALL": _build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtractAll),
452            "RLIKE": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
453            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
454            "TABLE": lambda args: exp.TableFromRows(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
455            "TIMEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.TimeAdd),
456            "TIMEDIFF": _build_datediff,
457            "TIMESTAMPADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
458            "TIMESTAMPDIFF": _build_datediff,
459            "TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
460            "TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
461            "TIMESTAMPNTZFROMPARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
462            "TIMESTAMP_NTZ_FROM_PARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
463            "TRY_PARSE_JSON": lambda args: exp.ParseJSON(this=seq_get(args, 0), safe=True),
464            "TRY_TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TRY_TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE, safe=True),
465            "TRY_TO_TIME": _build_datetime("TRY_TO_TIME", exp.DataType.Type.TIME, safe=True),
466            "TRY_TO_TIMESTAMP": _build_datetime(
467                "TRY_TO_TIMESTAMP", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP, safe=True
468            ),
469            "TO_CHAR": build_timetostr_or_tochar,
470            "TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
471            "TO_NUMBER": lambda args: exp.ToNumber(
472                this=seq_get(args, 0),
473                format=seq_get(args, 1),
474                precision=seq_get(args, 2),
475                scale=seq_get(args, 3),
476            ),
477            "TO_TIME": _build_datetime("TO_TIME", exp.DataType.Type.TIME),
478            "TO_TIMESTAMP": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
479            "TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ),
480            "TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
481            "TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ),
482            "TO_VARCHAR": exp.ToChar.from_arg_list,
483            "ZEROIFNULL": _build_if_from_zeroifnull,
484        }
485
486        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
487            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
488            "DATE_PART": lambda self: self._parse_date_part(),
489            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL": lambda self: self._parse_json_object(),
490            "LISTAGG": lambda self: self._parse_string_agg(),
491        }
492        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
493
494        TIMESTAMPS = parser.Parser.TIMESTAMPS - {TokenType.TIME}
495
496        RANGE_PARSERS = {
497            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,
498            TokenType.LIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.LikeAny),
499            TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.ILikeAny),
500        }
501
502        ALTER_PARSERS = {
503            **parser.Parser.ALTER_PARSERS,
504            "UNSET": lambda self: self.expression(
505                exp.Set,
506                tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG"),
507                expressions=self._parse_csv(self._parse_id_var),
508                unset=True,
509            ),
510        }
511
512        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
513            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
514            TokenType.PUT: lambda self: self._parse_put(),
515            TokenType.SHOW: lambda self: self._parse_show(),
516        }
517
518        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
519            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
520            "LOCATION": lambda self: self._parse_location_property(),
521            "TAG": lambda self: self._parse_tag(),
522        }
523
524        TYPE_CONVERTERS = {
525            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-numeric#number
526            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: build_default_decimal_type(precision=38, scale=0),
527        }
528
529        SHOW_PARSERS = {
530            "DATABASES": _show_parser("DATABASES"),
531            "TERSE DATABASES": _show_parser("DATABASES"),
532            "SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
533            "TERSE SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
534            "OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
535            "TERSE OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
536            "TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
537            "TERSE TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
538            "VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
539            "TERSE VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
540            "PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
541            "TERSE PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
542            "IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
543            "TERSE IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
544            "UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
545            "TERSE UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
546            "SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
547            "TERSE SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
548            "COLUMNS": _show_parser("COLUMNS"),
549            "USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
550            "TERSE USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
551            "FUNCTIONS": _show_parser("FUNCTIONS"),
552            "PROCEDURES": _show_parser("PROCEDURES"),
553            "WAREHOUSES": _show_parser("WAREHOUSES"),
554        }
555
556        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
557            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
558            "WITH": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
559            "MASKING": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
560            "PROJECTION": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
561            "TAG": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
562        }
563
564        STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {
565            TokenType.DOT,
566            TokenType.MOD,
567            TokenType.SLASH,
568        }
569
570        FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ["SEQ", "KEY", "PATH", "INDEX", "VALUE", "THIS"]
571
572        SCHEMA_KINDS = {"OBJECTS", "TABLES", "VIEWS", "SEQUENCES", "UNIQUE KEYS", "IMPORTED KEYS"}
573
574        NON_TABLE_CREATABLES = {"STORAGE INTEGRATION", "TAG", "WAREHOUSE", "STREAMLIT"}
575
576        LAMBDAS = {
577            **parser.Parser.LAMBDAS,
578            TokenType.ARROW: lambda self, expressions: self.expression(
579                exp.Lambda,
580                this=self._replace_lambda(
581                    self._parse_assignment(),
582                    expressions,
583                ),
584                expressions=[e.this if isinstance(e, exp.Cast) else e for e in expressions],
585            ),
586        }
587
588        def _parse_use(self) -> exp.Use:
589            if self._match_text_seq("SECONDARY", "ROLES"):
590                this = self._match_texts(("ALL", "NONE")) and exp.var(self._prev.text.upper())
591                roles = None if this else self._parse_csv(lambda: self._parse_table(schema=False))
592                return self.expression(
593                    exp.Use, kind="SECONDARY ROLES", this=this, expressions=roles
594                )
595
596            return super()._parse_use()
597
598        def _negate_range(
599            self, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression] = None
600        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
601            if not this:
602                return this
603
604            query = this.args.get("query")
605            if isinstance(this, exp.In) and isinstance(query, exp.Query):
606                # Snowflake treats `value NOT IN (subquery)` as `VALUE <> ALL (subquery)`, so
607                # we do this conversion here to avoid parsing it into `NOT value IN (subquery)`
608                # which can produce different results (most likely a SnowFlake bug).
609                #
610                # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/in
611                # Context: https://github.com/tobymao/sqlglot/issues/3890
612                return self.expression(
613                    exp.NEQ, this=this.this, expression=exp.All(this=query.unnest())
614                )
615
616            return self.expression(exp.Not, this=this)
617
618        def _parse_tag(self) -> exp.Tags:
619            return self.expression(
620                exp.Tags,
621                expressions=self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_property),
622            )
623
624        def _parse_with_constraint(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
625            if self._prev.token_type != TokenType.WITH:
626                self._retreat(self._index - 1)
627
628            if self._match_text_seq("MASKING", "POLICY"):
629                policy = self._parse_column()
630                return self.expression(
631                    exp.MaskingPolicyColumnConstraint,
632                    this=policy.to_dot() if isinstance(policy, exp.Column) else policy,
633                    expressions=self._match(TokenType.USING)
634                    and self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_id_var),
635                )
636            if self._match_text_seq("PROJECTION", "POLICY"):
637                policy = self._parse_column()
638                return self.expression(
639                    exp.ProjectionPolicyColumnConstraint,
640                    this=policy.to_dot() if isinstance(policy, exp.Column) else policy,
641                )
642            if self._match(TokenType.TAG):
643                return self._parse_tag()
644
645            return None
646
647        def _parse_with_property(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression] | t.List[exp.Expression]:
648            if self._match(TokenType.TAG):
649                return self._parse_tag()
650
651            return super()._parse_with_property()
652
653        def _parse_create(self) -> exp.Create | exp.Command:
654            expression = super()._parse_create()
655            if isinstance(expression, exp.Create) and expression.kind in self.NON_TABLE_CREATABLES:
656                # Replace the Table node with the enclosed Identifier
657                expression.this.replace(expression.this.this)
658
659            return expression
660
661        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/date_part.html
662        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions-date-time.html#label-supported-date-time-parts
663        def _parse_date_part(self: Snowflake.Parser) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
664            this = self._parse_var() or self._parse_type()
665
666            if not this:
667                return None
668
669            self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
670            expression = self._parse_bitwise()
671            this = map_date_part(this)
672            name = this.name.upper()
673
674            if name.startswith("EPOCH"):
675                if name == "EPOCH_MILLISECOND":
676                    scale = 10**3
677                elif name == "EPOCH_MICROSECOND":
678                    scale = 10**6
679                elif name == "EPOCH_NANOSECOND":
680                    scale = 10**9
681                else:
682                    scale = None
683
684                ts = self.expression(exp.Cast, this=expression, to=exp.DataType.build("TIMESTAMP"))
685                to_unix: exp.Expression = self.expression(exp.TimeToUnix, this=ts)
686
687                if scale:
688                    to_unix = exp.Mul(this=to_unix, expression=exp.Literal.number(scale))
689
690                return to_unix
691
692            return self.expression(exp.Extract, this=this, expression=expression)
693
694        def _parse_bracket_key_value(self, is_map: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
695            if is_map:
696                # Keys are strings in Snowflake's objects, see also:
697                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-semistructured
698                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/object_construct
699                return self._parse_slice(self._parse_string())
700
701            return self._parse_slice(self._parse_alias(self._parse_assignment(), explicit=True))
702
703        def _parse_lateral(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Lateral]:
704            lateral = super()._parse_lateral()
705            if not lateral:
706                return lateral
707
708            if isinstance(lateral.this, exp.Explode):
709                table_alias = lateral.args.get("alias")
710                columns = [exp.to_identifier(col) for col in self.FLATTEN_COLUMNS]
711                if table_alias and not table_alias.args.get("columns"):
712                    table_alias.set("columns", columns)
713                elif not table_alias:
714                    exp.alias_(lateral, "_flattened", table=columns, copy=False)
715
716            return lateral
717
718        def _parse_table_parts(
719            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False, wildcard: bool = False
720        ) -> exp.Table:
721            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/querying-stage
722            if self._match(TokenType.STRING, advance=False):
723                table = self._parse_string()
724            elif self._match_text_seq("@", advance=False):
725                table = self._parse_location_path()
726            else:
727                table = None
728
729            if table:
730                file_format = None
731                pattern = None
732
733                wrapped = self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
734                while self._curr and wrapped and not self._match(TokenType.R_PAREN):
735                    if self._match_text_seq("FILE_FORMAT", "=>"):
736                        file_format = self._parse_string() or super()._parse_table_parts(
737                            is_db_reference=is_db_reference
738                        )
739                    elif self._match_text_seq("PATTERN", "=>"):
740                        pattern = self._parse_string()
741                    else:
742                        break
743
744                    self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
745
746                table = self.expression(exp.Table, this=table, format=file_format, pattern=pattern)
747            else:
748                table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference)
749
750            return table
751
752        def _parse_table(
753            self,
754            schema: bool = False,
755            joins: bool = False,
756            alias_tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None,
757            parse_bracket: bool = False,
758            is_db_reference: bool = False,
759            parse_partition: bool = False,
760        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
761            table = super()._parse_table(
762                schema=schema,
763                joins=joins,
764                alias_tokens=alias_tokens,
765                parse_bracket=parse_bracket,
766                is_db_reference=is_db_reference,
767                parse_partition=parse_partition,
768            )
769            if isinstance(table, exp.Table) and isinstance(table.this, exp.TableFromRows):
770                table_from_rows = table.this
771                for arg in exp.TableFromRows.arg_types:
772                    if arg != "this":
773                        table_from_rows.set(arg, table.args.get(arg))
774
775                table = table_from_rows
776
777            return table
778
779        def _parse_id_var(
780            self,
781            any_token: bool = True,
782            tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None,
783        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
784            if self._match_text_seq("IDENTIFIER", "("):
785                identifier = (
786                    super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
787                    or self._parse_string()
788                )
789                self._match_r_paren()
790                return self.expression(exp.Anonymous, this="IDENTIFIER", expressions=[identifier])
791
792            return super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
793
794        def _parse_show_snowflake(self, this: str) -> exp.Show:
795            scope = None
796            scope_kind = None
797
798            # will identity SHOW TERSE SCHEMAS but not SHOW TERSE PRIMARY KEYS
799            # which is syntactically valid but has no effect on the output
800            terse = self._tokens[self._index - 2].text.upper() == "TERSE"
801
802            history = self._match_text_seq("HISTORY")
803
804            like = self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.LIKE) else None
805
806            if self._match(TokenType.IN):
807                if self._match_text_seq("ACCOUNT"):
808                    scope_kind = "ACCOUNT"
809                elif self._match_text_seq("CLASS"):
810                    scope_kind = "CLASS"
811                    scope = self._parse_table_parts()
812                elif self._match_text_seq("APPLICATION"):
813                    scope_kind = "APPLICATION"
814                    if self._match_text_seq("PACKAGE"):
815                        scope_kind += " PACKAGE"
816                    scope = self._parse_table_parts()
817                elif self._match_set(self.DB_CREATABLES):
818                    scope_kind = self._prev.text.upper()
819                    if self._curr:
820                        scope = self._parse_table_parts()
821                elif self._curr:
822                    scope_kind = "SCHEMA" if this in self.SCHEMA_KINDS else "TABLE"
823                    scope = self._parse_table_parts()
824
825            return self.expression(
826                exp.Show,
827                **{
828                    "terse": terse,
829                    "this": this,
830                    "history": history,
831                    "like": like,
832                    "scope": scope,
833                    "scope_kind": scope_kind,
834                    "starts_with": self._match_text_seq("STARTS", "WITH") and self._parse_string(),
835                    "limit": self._parse_limit(),
836                    "from": self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.FROM) else None,
837                    "privileges": self._match_text_seq("WITH", "PRIVILEGES")
838                    and self._parse_csv(lambda: self._parse_var(any_token=True, upper=True)),
839                },
840            )
841
842        def _parse_put(self) -> exp.Put | exp.Command:
843            if self._curr.token_type != TokenType.STRING:
844                return self._parse_as_command(self._prev)
845
846            return self.expression(
847                exp.Put,
848                this=self._parse_string(),
849                target=self._parse_location_path(),
850                properties=self._parse_properties(),
851            )
852
853        def _parse_location_property(self) -> exp.LocationProperty:
854            self._match(TokenType.EQ)
855            return self.expression(exp.LocationProperty, this=self._parse_location_path())
856
857        def _parse_file_location(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
858            # Parse either a subquery or a staged file
859            return (
860                self._parse_select(table=True, parse_subquery_alias=False)
861                if self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN, advance=False)
862                else self._parse_table_parts()
863            )
864
865        def _parse_location_path(self) -> exp.Var:
866            parts = [self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True)]
867
868            # We avoid consuming a comma token because external tables like @foo and @bar
869            # can be joined in a query with a comma separator, as well as closing paren
870            # in case of subqueries
871            while self._is_connected() and not self._match_set(
872                (TokenType.COMMA, TokenType.L_PAREN, TokenType.R_PAREN), advance=False
873            ):
874                parts.append(self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True))
875
876            return exp.var("".join(part.text for part in parts if part))
877
878        def _parse_lambda_arg(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
879            this = super()._parse_lambda_arg()
880
881            if not this:
882                return this
883
884            typ = self._parse_types()
885
886            if typ:
887                return self.expression(exp.Cast, this=this, to=typ)
888
889            return this
890
891        def _parse_foreign_key(self) -> exp.ForeignKey:
892            # inlineFK, the REFERENCES columns are implied
893            if self._match(TokenType.REFERENCES, advance=False):
894                return self.expression(exp.ForeignKey)
895
896            # outoflineFK, explicitly names the columns
897            return super()._parse_foreign_key()

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the Tokenizer and produces a parsed syntax tree.

Arguments:
  • error_level: The desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.IMMEDIATE
  • error_message_context: The amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 100
  • max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD = 'BERNOULLI'
COLON_IS_VARIANT_EXTRACT = True
ID_VAR_TOKENS = {<TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.MULTILINESTRING: 'MULTILINESTRING'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.UDOUBLE: 'UDOUBLE'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.ATTACH: 'ATTACH'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, <TokenType.SOURCE: 'SOURCE'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION: 'MATCH_CONDITION'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_SCHEMA: 'CURRENT_SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.RING: 'RING'>, <TokenType.SINK: 'SINK'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.DETACH: 'DETACH'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.DATETIME2: 'DATETIME2'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, <TokenType.POINT: 'POINT'>, <TokenType.EXPORT: 'EXPORT'>, <TokenType.POLYGON: 'POLYGON'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.BLOB: 'BLOB'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.NAMESPACE: 'NAMESPACE'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.DYNAMIC: 'DYNAMIC'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, <TokenType.SMALLDATETIME: 'SMALLDATETIME'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.MULTIPOLYGON: 'MULTIPOLYGON'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.LINESTRING: 'LINESTRING'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.PUT: 'PUT'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 'DECIMAL256'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>}
TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = {<TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.MULTILINESTRING: 'MULTILINESTRING'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.UDOUBLE: 'UDOUBLE'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.ATTACH: 'ATTACH'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, <TokenType.SOURCE: 'SOURCE'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_SCHEMA: 'CURRENT_SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.RING: 'RING'>, <TokenType.SINK: 'SINK'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.DETACH: 'DETACH'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.DATETIME2: 'DATETIME2'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, <TokenType.POINT: 'POINT'>, <TokenType.EXPORT: 'EXPORT'>, <TokenType.POLYGON: 'POLYGON'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.BLOB: 'BLOB'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.NAMESPACE: 'NAMESPACE'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.DYNAMIC: 'DYNAMIC'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, <TokenType.SMALLDATETIME: 'SMALLDATETIME'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.MULTIPOLYGON: 'MULTIPOLYGON'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.LINESTRING: 'LINESTRING'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.PUT: 'PUT'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 'DECIMAL256'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>}
FUNCTIONS = {'ABS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>>, 'ADD_MONTHS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AddMonths'>>, 'AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.And'>>, 'ANONYMOUS_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnonymousAggFunc'>>, 'ANY_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPLY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Apply'>>, 'APPROX_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'APPROX_TOP_K': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxTopK'>>, 'ARG_MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARGMAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'MAX_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARG_MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARGMIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'MIN_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARRAY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAll'>>, 'ARRAY_ANY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>>, 'ARRAY_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CONSTRUCT_COMPACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConstructCompact'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY_HAS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>>, 'ARRAY_HAS_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>>, 'FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_OVERLAPS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>>, 'ARRAY_SIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_SORT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySort'>>, 'ARRAY_SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySum'>>, 'ARRAY_TO_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_JOIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_UNION_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUnionAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_UNIQUE_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>>, 'AVG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>>, 'CASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>>, 'CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>>, 'CAST_TO_STR_TYPE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CastToStrType'>>, 'CBRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cbrt'>>, 'CEIL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CEILING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CHR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHAR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COALESCE': <function build_coalesce>, 'IFNULL': <function build_coalesce>, 'NVL': <function build_coalesce>, 'COLLATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Collate'>>, 'COLUMNS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Columns'>>, 'COMBINED_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedAggFunc'>>, 'COMBINED_PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedParameterizedAgg'>>, 'CONCAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONCAT_WS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONNECT_BY_ROOT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConnectByRoot'>>, 'CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Contains'>>, 'CONVERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Convert'>>, 'CONVERT_TIMEZONE': <function build_convert_timezone>, 'CORR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Corr'>>, 'COUNT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COUNT_IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COUNTIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COVAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarPop'>>, 'COVAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarSamp'>>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>>, 'CURRENT_SCHEMA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentSchema'>>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'CURRENT_USER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'DATE': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'DATE_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>>, 'DATE_BIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateBin'>>, 'DATEDIFF': <function _build_datediff>, 'DATE_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATE_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATE_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>>, 'DATE_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>>, 'DATE_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>>, 'DATE_TRUNC': <function _date_trunc_to_time>, 'DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Datetime'>>, 'DATETIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>>, 'DATETIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>>, 'DATETIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>>, 'DATETIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeTrunc'>>, 'DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>>, 'DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAYOFMONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAY_OF_WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK_ISO': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeekIso'>>, 'ISODOW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeekIso'>>, 'DAY_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DAYOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DECODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>>, 'DI_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>>, 'ENCODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>>, 'EXISTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exists'>>, 'EXP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>>, 'EXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'EXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodeOuter'>>, 'EXPLODING_GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodingGenerateSeries'>>, 'EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>>, 'FEATURES_AT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FeaturesAtTime'>>, 'FIRST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.First'>>, 'FIRST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FirstValue'>>, 'FLATTEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'FLOOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>>, 'FROM_BASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase'>>, 'FROM_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase64'>>, 'FROM_ISO8601_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromISO8601Timestamp'>>, 'GAP_FILL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GapFill'>>, 'GENERATE_DATE_ARRAY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'GENERATE_TIMESTAMP_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateTimestampArray'>>, 'GREATEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>>, 'GROUP_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'HEX': <function build_hex>, 'HLL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hll'>>, 'IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'IIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'INITCAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>>, 'INLINE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Inline'>>, 'INT64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Int64'>>, 'IS_ASCII': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsAscii'>>, 'IS_INF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'ISINF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'IS_NAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'ISNAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArray'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayAgg'>>, 'JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>>, 'JSONB_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBContains'>>, 'JSONB_EXISTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExists'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>>, 'J_S_O_N_B_OBJECT_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBObjectAgg'>>, 'J_S_O_N_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONCast'>>, 'J_S_O_N_EXISTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExists'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractArray'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_FORMAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObjectAgg'>>, 'J_S_O_N_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONTable'>>, 'J_S_O_N_VALUE_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONValueArray'>>, 'LAG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lag'>>, 'LAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Last'>>, 'LAST_DAY': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastValue'>>, 'LEAD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lead'>>, 'LEAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>>, 'LEFT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>>, 'LENGTH': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'LEN': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHAR_LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'CHARACTER_LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEVENSHTEIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'LIST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.List'>>, 'LN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>>, 'LOG': <function build_logarithm>, 'LOGICAL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOLAND_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'LOGICAL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOLOR_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'LOWER': <function build_lower>, 'LCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'LOWER_HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LowerHex'>>, 'MD5': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5'>>, 'MD5_DIGEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MAKE_INTERVAL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MakeInterval'>>, 'MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>>, 'MAP_FROM_ENTRIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MapFromEntries'>>, 'MATCH_AGAINST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MatchAgainst'>>, 'MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>>, 'MEDIAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Median'>>, 'MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>>, 'MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>>, 'MONTHS_BETWEEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MonthsBetween'>>, 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NextValueFor'>>, 'NORMALIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Normalize'>>, 'NTH_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NthValue'>>, 'NULLIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nullif'>>, 'NUMBER_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>>, 'NVL2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nvl2'>>, 'OBJECT_INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ObjectInsert'>>, 'OPEN_J_S_O_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OpenJSON'>>, 'OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Or'>>, 'OVERLAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Overlay'>>, 'PAD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pad'>>, 'PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParameterizedAgg'>>, 'PARSE_JSON': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'JSON_PARSE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'PERCENTILE_CONT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>>, 'PERCENTILE_DISC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>>, 'POSEXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Posexplode'>>, 'POSEXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PosexplodeOuter'>>, 'POWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'POW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'PREDICT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Predict'>>, 'QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>>, 'QUARTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quarter'>>, 'RAND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDOM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Randn'>>, 'RANGE_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RangeN'>>, 'READ_CSV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReadCSV'>>, 'REDUCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Reduce'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL': <function _build_regexp_extract.<locals>._builder>, 'REGEXP_I_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>>, 'REGEXP_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'REGEXP_REPLACE': <function _build_regexp_replace>, 'REGEXP_SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'REPEAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>>, 'RIGHT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>>, 'ROUND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>>, 'ROW_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowNumber'>>, 'SHA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA1': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>>, 'SAFE_DIVIDE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>>, 'SIGN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SIGNUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SORT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>>, 'SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Split'>>, 'SPLIT_PART': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SplitPart'>>, 'SQRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>>, 'STANDARD_HASH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StandardHash'>>, 'STAR_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>>, 'STARTS_WITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STARTSWITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STDDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDDEV_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>>, 'STDDEV_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>>, 'STR_POSITION': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>>, 'STR_TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>>, 'STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>>, 'STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix'>>, 'STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.String'>>, 'STRING_TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StringToArray'>>, 'SPLIT_BY_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StringToArray'>>, 'STRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'STRUCT_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>>, 'STUFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'SUBSTRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUBSTR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>>, 'TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Time'>>, 'TIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>>, 'TIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>>, 'TIME_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIMEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>>, 'TIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>>, 'TIME_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>>, 'TIME_TO_TIME_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIME_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeTrunc'>>, 'TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>>, 'TIMESTAMPDIFF': <function _build_datediff>, 'TIMESTAMP_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS': <function build_timestamp_from_parts>, 'TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS': <function build_timestamp_from_parts>, 'TIMESTAMP_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>>, 'TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToArray'>>, 'TO_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>>, 'TO_CHAR': <function build_timetostr_or_tochar>, 'TO_DAYS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDays'>>, 'TO_DOUBLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDouble'>>, 'TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>>, 'TO_NUMBER': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSFORM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Transform'>>, 'TRIM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>>, 'TRY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Try'>>, 'TRY_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>>, 'TS_OR_DI_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDatetime'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTime'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTimestamp'>>, 'UNHEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'UNICODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unicode'>>, 'UNIX_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixDate'>>, 'UNIX_SECONDS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixSeconds'>>, 'UNIX_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>>, 'UNNEST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UPPER': <function build_upper>, 'UCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'UUID': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'GEN_RANDOM_UUID': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'GENERATE_UUID': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'UUID_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'VAR_MAP': <function build_var_map>, 'VARIANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'VAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>>, 'WEEK_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WEEKOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'XMLELEMENT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLElement'>>, 'X_M_L_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLTable'>>, 'XOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>>, 'YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>>, 'ARRAYAGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GLOB': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'LIKE': <function build_like>, 'LOG2': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG10': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LEFTPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LTRIM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MOD': <function build_mod>, 'RIGHTPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RTRIM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SCOPE_RESOLUTION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRPOS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'CHARINDEX': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INSTR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'LOCATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO_HEX': <function build_hex>, 'APPROX_PERCENTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'ARRAY_CONSTRUCT': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'BITXOR': <function _build_bitwise.<locals>._builder>, 'BIT_XOR': <function _build_bitwise.<locals>._builder>, 'BITOR': <function _build_bitwise.<locals>._builder>, 'BIT_OR': <function _build_bitwise.<locals>._builder>, 'BITSHIFTLEFT': <function _build_bitwise.<locals>._builder>, 'BIT_SHIFTLEFT': <function _build_bitwise.<locals>._builder>, 'BITSHIFTRIGHT': <function _build_bitwise.<locals>._builder>, 'BIT_SHIFTRIGHT': <function _build_bitwise.<locals>._builder>, 'BOOLXOR': <function _build_bitwise.<locals>._builder>, 'DATEADD': <function _build_date_time_add.<locals>._builder>, 'DIV0': <function _build_if_from_div0>, 'EDITDISTANCE': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'GET_PATH': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'HEX_DECODE_BINARY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'IFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'NULLIFZERO': <function _build_if_from_nullifzero>, 'OBJECT_CONSTRUCT': <function _build_object_construct>, 'REGEXP_SUBSTR': <function _build_regexp_extract.<locals>._builder>, 'REGEXP_SUBSTR_ALL': <function _build_regexp_extract.<locals>._builder>, 'RLIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'SQUARE': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TABLE': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIMEADD': <function _build_date_time_add.<locals>._builder>, 'TIMEDIFF': <function _build_datediff>, 'TIMESTAMPADD': <function _build_date_time_add.<locals>._builder>, 'TIMESTAMPNTZFROMPARTS': <function build_timestamp_from_parts>, 'TIMESTAMP_NTZ_FROM_PARTS': <function build_timestamp_from_parts>, 'TRY_PARSE_JSON': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_TO_DATE': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TRY_TO_TIME': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TRY_TO_TIMESTAMP': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_DATE': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_TIME': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_TIMESTAMP': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_VARCHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>>, 'ZEROIFNULL': <function _build_if_from_zeroifnull>}
FUNCTION_PARSERS = {'CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CEIL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DECODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTRACT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FLOOR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GAP_FILL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECTAGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_TABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATCH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NORMALIZE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPENJSON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OVERLAY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'POSITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PREDICT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAFE_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRING_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SUBSTRING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'XMLELEMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'XMLTABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_PART': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'LISTAGG': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
TIMESTAMPS = {<TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>}
RANGE_PARSERS = {<TokenType.AT_GT: 'AT_GT'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.IRLIKE: 'IRLIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.LT_AT: 'LT_AT'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LIKE_ANY: 'LIKE_ANY'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: 'ILIKE_ANY'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>}
ALTER_PARSERS = {'ADD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ALTER': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DELETE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DROP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RENAME': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SWAP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNSET': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
STATEMENT_PARSERS = {<TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ANALYZE: 'ANALYZE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.GRANT: 'GRANT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SEMICOLON: 'SEMICOLON'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PUT: 'PUT'>: <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>: <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
PROPERTY_PARSERS = {'ALLOWED_VALUES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ALGORITHM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'BACKUP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'BLOCKCOMPRESSION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARSET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECKSUM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONTAINS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COPY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATABLOCKSIZE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATA_DELETION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFINER': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DETERMINISTIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTRIBUTED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DUPLICATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DYNAMIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTSTYLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EMPTY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENGINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXECUTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTERNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FALLBACK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FREESPACE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GLOBAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'HEAP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ICEBERG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IMMUTABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INHERITS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INPUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JOURNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LANGUAGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LAYOUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIFETIME': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCATION': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCKING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATERIALIZED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MERGEBLOCKRATIO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MODIFIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MULTISET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ORDER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OUTPUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RANGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'READS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'REMOTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RETURNS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRICT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STREAMING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW_FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAMPLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SECURE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SECURITY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SETTINGS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SHARING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SORTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SOURCE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STORED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SYSTEM_VERSIONING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TBLPROPERTIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMPORARY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSIENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSFORM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'USING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNLOGGED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'VOLATILE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WITH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TAG': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
TYPE_CONVERTERS = {<Type.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>: <function build_default_decimal_type.<locals>._builder>}
SHOW_PARSERS = {'DATABASES': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE DATABASES': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'SCHEMAS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE SCHEMAS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'OBJECTS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE OBJECTS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TABLES': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE TABLES': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'VIEWS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE VIEWS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'PRIMARY KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE PRIMARY KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'IMPORTED KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE IMPORTED KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'UNIQUE KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE UNIQUE KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'SEQUENCES': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE SEQUENCES': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'COLUMNS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'USERS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE USERS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'FUNCTIONS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'PROCEDURES': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'WAREHOUSES': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>}
CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {'AUTOINCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CASESPECIFIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMPRESS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NONCLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFAULT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENCODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EPHEMERAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXCLUDE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GENERATED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IDENTITY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INLINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NOT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NULL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PATH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PERIOD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'REFERENCES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TITLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNIQUE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UPPERCASE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WATERMARK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WITH': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'MASKING': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'PROJECTION': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TAG': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {<TokenType.DOT: 'DOT'>, <TokenType.SLASH: 'SLASH'>, <TokenType.MOD: 'MOD'>}
FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ['SEQ', 'KEY', 'PATH', 'INDEX', 'VALUE', 'THIS']
SCHEMA_KINDS = {'SEQUENCES', 'OBJECTS', 'VIEWS', 'UNIQUE KEYS', 'TABLES', 'IMPORTED KEYS'}
NON_TABLE_CREATABLES = {'STORAGE INTEGRATION', 'TAG', 'STREAMLIT', 'WAREHOUSE'}
LAMBDAS = {<TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>: <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>}
SHOW_TRIE: Dict = {'DATABASES': {0: True}, 'TERSE': {'DATABASES': {0: True}, 'SCHEMAS': {0: True}, 'OBJECTS': {0: True}, 'TABLES': {0: True}, 'VIEWS': {0: True}, 'PRIMARY': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'IMPORTED': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'UNIQUE': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'SEQUENCES': {0: True}, 'USERS': {0: True}}, 'SCHEMAS': {0: True}, 'OBJECTS': {0: True}, 'TABLES': {0: True}, 'VIEWS': {0: True}, 'PRIMARY': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'IMPORTED': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'UNIQUE': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'SEQUENCES': {0: True}, 'COLUMNS': {0: True}, 'USERS': {0: True}, 'FUNCTIONS': {0: True}, 'PROCEDURES': {0: True}, 'WAREHOUSES': {0: True}}
SET_TRIE: Dict = {'GLOBAL': {0: True}, 'LOCAL': {0: True}, 'SESSION': {0: True}, 'TRANSACTION': {0: True}}
Inherited Members
sqlglot.parser.Parser
Parser
NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS
STRUCT_TYPE_TOKENS
NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS
ENUM_TYPE_TOKENS
AGGREGATE_TYPE_TOKENS
TYPE_TOKENS
SIGNED_TO_UNSIGNED_TYPE_TOKEN
SUBQUERY_PREDICATES
RESERVED_TOKENS
DB_CREATABLES
CREATABLES
ALTERABLES
ALIAS_TOKENS
ARRAY_CONSTRUCTORS
COMMENT_TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS
UPDATE_ALIAS_TOKENS
TRIM_TYPES
FUNC_TOKENS
CONJUNCTION
ASSIGNMENT
DISJUNCTION
EQUALITY
COMPARISON
BITWISE
TERM
FACTOR
EXPONENT
TIMES
SET_OPERATIONS
JOIN_METHODS
JOIN_SIDES
JOIN_KINDS
JOIN_HINTS
COLUMN_OPERATORS
EXPRESSION_PARSERS
UNARY_PARSERS
STRING_PARSERS
NUMERIC_PARSERS
PRIMARY_PARSERS
PLACEHOLDER_PARSERS
ALTER_ALTER_PARSERS
SCHEMA_UNNAMED_CONSTRAINTS
NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS
INVALID_FUNC_NAME_TOKENS
FUNCTIONS_WITH_ALIASED_ARGS
KEY_VALUE_DEFINITIONS
QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS
SET_PARSERS
TYPE_LITERAL_PARSERS
DDL_SELECT_TOKENS
PRE_VOLATILE_TOKENS
TRANSACTION_KIND
TRANSACTION_CHARACTERISTICS
CONFLICT_ACTIONS
CREATE_SEQUENCE
ISOLATED_LOADING_OPTIONS
USABLES
CAST_ACTIONS
SCHEMA_BINDING_OPTIONS
PROCEDURE_OPTIONS
EXECUTE_AS_OPTIONS
KEY_CONSTRAINT_OPTIONS
INSERT_ALTERNATIVES
CLONE_KEYWORDS
HISTORICAL_DATA_PREFIX
HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND
OPCLASS_FOLLOW_KEYWORDS
OPTYPE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
TABLE_INDEX_HINT_TOKENS
VIEW_ATTRIBUTES
WINDOW_ALIAS_TOKENS
WINDOW_BEFORE_PAREN_TOKENS
WINDOW_SIDES
JSON_KEY_VALUE_SEPARATOR_TOKENS
FETCH_TOKENS
ADD_CONSTRAINT_TOKENS
DISTINCT_TOKENS
NULL_TOKENS
UNNEST_OFFSET_ALIAS_TOKENS
SELECT_START_TOKENS
COPY_INTO_VARLEN_OPTIONS
IS_JSON_PREDICATE_KIND
ODBC_DATETIME_LITERALS
ON_CONDITION_TOKENS
PRIVILEGE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
DESCRIBE_STYLES
ANALYZE_STYLES
ANALYZE_EXPRESSION_PARSERS
PARTITION_KEYWORDS
AMBIGUOUS_ALIAS_TOKENS
OPERATION_MODIFIERS
RECURSIVE_CTE_SEARCH_KIND
MODIFIABLES
STRICT_CAST
PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS
LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN
ALTER_TABLE_ADD_REQUIRED_FOR_EACH_COLUMN
TABLESAMPLE_CSV
SET_REQUIRES_ASSIGNMENT_DELIMITER
TRIM_PATTERN_FIRST
STRING_ALIASES
MODIFIERS_ATTACHED_TO_SET_OP
SET_OP_MODIFIERS
NO_PAREN_IF_COMMANDS
JSON_ARROWS_REQUIRE_JSON_TYPE
VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN
SUPPORTS_IMPLICIT_UNNEST
INTERVAL_SPANS
SUPPORTS_PARTITION_SELECTION
WRAPPED_TRANSFORM_COLUMN_CONSTRAINT
OPTIONAL_ALIAS_TOKEN_CTE
error_level
error_message_context
max_errors
dialect
reset
parse
parse_into
check_errors
raise_error
expression
validate_expression
errors
sql
class Snowflake.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer):
899    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
900        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
901        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
902        RAW_STRINGS = ["$$"]
903        COMMENTS = ["--", "//", ("/*", "*/")]
904        NESTED_COMMENTS = False
905
906        KEYWORDS = {
907            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
908            "FILE://": TokenType.URI_START,
909            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
910            "CHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
911            "CHARACTER VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
912            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
913            "ILIKE ANY": TokenType.ILIKE_ANY,
914            "LIKE ANY": TokenType.LIKE_ANY,
915            "MATCH_CONDITION": TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
916            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
917            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
918            "NCHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
919            "PUT": TokenType.PUT,
920            "REMOVE": TokenType.COMMAND,
921            "RM": TokenType.COMMAND,
922            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
923            "SQL_DOUBLE": TokenType.DOUBLE,
924            "SQL_VARCHAR": TokenType.VARCHAR,
925            "STORAGE INTEGRATION": TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION,
926            "TAG": TokenType.TAG,
927            "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
928            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
929            "WAREHOUSE": TokenType.WAREHOUSE,
930            "STREAMLIT": TokenType.STREAMLIT,
931        }
932        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
933
934        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
935            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
936            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
937        }
938
939        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}
940
941        COMMANDS = tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS - {TokenType.SHOW}
STRING_ESCAPES = ['\\', "'"]
HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
RAW_STRINGS = ['$$']
COMMENTS = ['--', '//', ('/*', '*/')]
NESTED_COMMENTS = False
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 'DPIPE'>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 'GTE'>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 'LTE'>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 'COLON_EQ'>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 'NULLSAFE_EQ'>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 'DARROW'>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 'HASH_ARROW'>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 'DHASH_ARROW'>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 'LR_ARROW'>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 'DAMP'>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 'DQMARK'>, '~~~': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, '~~': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, '~~*': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, '~*': <TokenType.IRLIKE: 'IRLIKE'>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, 'ALWAYS': <TokenType.ALWAYS: 'ALWAYS'>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 'AND'>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 'ALIAS'>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, 'CHARACTER SET': <TokenType.CHARACTER_SET: 'CHARACTER_SET'>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 'CLUSTER_BY'>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 'CONNECT_BY'>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 'CROSS'>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, 'CURRENT_SCHEMA': <TokenType.CURRENT_SCHEMA: 'CURRENT_SCHEMA'>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 'DISTINCT'>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 'DISTRIBUTE_BY'>, 'DIV': <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 'END'>, 'ENUM': <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 'FROM'>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 'GROUP_BY'>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 'GROUPING_SETS'>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 'HAVING'>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 'INNER'>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 'INTERSECT'>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 'INTO'>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 'JOIN'>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 'LATERAL'>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, 'NAMESPACE': <TokenType.NAMESPACE: 'NAMESPACE'>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 'NOTNULL'>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 'ON'>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 'OR'>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 'XOR'>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 'ORDER_BY'>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 'OUTER'>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 'OVER'>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 'PRIMARY_KEY'>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 'QUALIFY'>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'RENAME': <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, 'ROW': <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 'SELECT'>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 'SORT_BY'>, 'START WITH': <TokenType.START_WITH: 'START_WITH'>, 'STRAIGHT_JOIN': <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 'THEN'>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 'UNION'>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 'USING'>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 'WHEN'>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 'WHERE'>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 'WITH'>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'UHUGEINT': <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'INT256': <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT8': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'UINT': <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, 'UINT128': <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, 'UINT256': <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL32': <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, 'DECIMAL64': <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, 'DECIMAL128': <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, 'DECIMAL256': <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 'DECIMAL256'>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'LIST': <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, 'JSONB': <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'BPCHAR': <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPNTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, 'VECTOR': <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'SEQUENCE': <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.ANALYZE: 'ANALYZE'>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.GRANT: 'GRANT'>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, 'FOR VERSION': <TokenType.VERSION_SNAPSHOT: 'VERSION_SNAPSHOT'>, 'FOR TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, 'FILE://': <TokenType.URI_START: 'URI_START'>, 'BYTEINT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'CHAR VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'CHARACTER VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'EXCLUDE': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'ILIKE ANY': <TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: 'ILIKE_ANY'>, 'LIKE ANY': <TokenType.LIKE_ANY: 'LIKE_ANY'>, 'MATCH_CONDITION': <TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION: 'MATCH_CONDITION'>, 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE': <TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE: 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE'>, 'MINUS': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'NCHAR VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'PUT': <TokenType.PUT: 'PUT'>, 'REMOVE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'RM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'SAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'SQL_DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'SQL_VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'STORAGE INTEGRATION': <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, 'TAG': <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, 'TIMESTAMP_TZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TOP': <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, 'WAREHOUSE': <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, 'STREAMLIT': <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>}
SINGLE_TOKENS = {'(': <TokenType.L_PAREN: 'L_PAREN'>, ')': <TokenType.R_PAREN: 'R_PAREN'>, '[': <TokenType.L_BRACKET: 'L_BRACKET'>, ']': <TokenType.R_BRACKET: 'R_BRACKET'>, '{': <TokenType.L_BRACE: 'L_BRACE'>, '}': <TokenType.R_BRACE: 'R_BRACE'>, '&': <TokenType.AMP: 'AMP'>, '^': <TokenType.CARET: 'CARET'>, ':': <TokenType.COLON: 'COLON'>, ',': <TokenType.COMMA: 'COMMA'>, '.': <TokenType.DOT: 'DOT'>, '-': <TokenType.DASH: 'DASH'>, '=': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '>': <TokenType.GT: 'GT'>, '<': <TokenType.LT: 'LT'>, '%': <TokenType.MOD: 'MOD'>, '!': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, '|': <TokenType.PIPE: 'PIPE'>, '+': <TokenType.PLUS: 'PLUS'>, ';': <TokenType.SEMICOLON: 'SEMICOLON'>, '/': <TokenType.SLASH: 'SLASH'>, '\\': <TokenType.BACKSLASH: 'BACKSLASH'>, '*': <TokenType.STAR: 'STAR'>, '~': <TokenType.TILDA: 'TILDA'>, '?': <TokenType.PLACEHOLDER: 'PLACEHOLDER'>, '@': <TokenType.PARAMETER: 'PARAMETER'>, '#': <TokenType.HASH: 'HASH'>, "'": <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, '`': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, '"': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, '$': <TokenType.PARAMETER: 'PARAMETER'>}
VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {'$'}
COMMANDS = {<TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>}
class Snowflake.Generator(sqlglot.generator.Generator):
 943    class Generator(generator.Generator):
 944        PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$"
 945        MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
 946        SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
 947        JOIN_HINTS = False
 948        TABLE_HINTS = False
 949        QUERY_HINTS = False
 950        AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
 951        SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
 952        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
 953        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
 954        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
 955        INSERT_OVERWRITE = " OVERWRITE INTO"
 956        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
 957        COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED = False
 958        COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED = True
 959        STAR_EXCEPT = "EXCLUDE"
 960        SUPPORTS_EXPLODING_PROJECTIONS = False
 961        ARRAY_CONCAT_IS_VAR_LEN = False
 962        SUPPORTS_CONVERT_TIMEZONE = True
 963        EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
 964        SUPPORTS_MEDIAN = True
 965        ARRAY_SIZE_NAME = "ARRAY_SIZE"
 966
 967        TRANSFORMS = {
 968            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
 969            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
 970            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
 971            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
 972            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
 973            exp.ArrayConcat: lambda self, e: self.arrayconcat_sql(e, name="ARRAY_CAT"),
 974            exp.ArrayContains: lambda self, e: self.func("ARRAY_CONTAINS", e.expression, e.this),
 975            exp.AtTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
 976                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), e.this
 977            ),
 978            exp.BitwiseOr: rename_func("BITOR"),
 979            exp.BitwiseXor: rename_func("BITXOR"),
 980            exp.BitwiseLeftShift: rename_func("BITSHIFTLEFT"),
 981            exp.BitwiseRightShift: rename_func("BITSHIFTRIGHT"),
 982            exp.Create: transforms.preprocess([_flatten_structured_types_unless_iceberg]),
 983            exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"),
 984            exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
 985            exp.DatetimeAdd: date_delta_sql("TIMESTAMPADD"),
 986            exp.DatetimeDiff: timestampdiff_sql,
 987            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
 988            exp.DayOfMonth: rename_func("DAYOFMONTH"),
 989            exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"),
 990            exp.DayOfYear: rename_func("DAYOFYEAR"),
 991            exp.Explode: rename_func("FLATTEN"),
 992            exp.Extract: rename_func("DATE_PART"),
 993            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
 994                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), "'UTC'", e.this
 995            ),
 996            exp.GenerateSeries: lambda self, e: self.func(
 997                "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE", e.args["start"], e.args["end"] + 1, e.args.get("step")
 998            ),
 999            exp.GroupConcat: lambda self, e: groupconcat_sql(self, e, sep=""),
1000            exp.If: if_sql(name="IFF", false_value="NULL"),
1001            exp.JSONExtractArray: _json_extract_value_array_sql,
1002            exp.JSONExtractScalar: lambda self, e: self.func(
1003                "JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT", e.this, e.expression
1004            ),
1005            exp.JSONObject: lambda self, e: self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL", *e.expressions),
1006            exp.JSONPathRoot: lambda *_: "",
1007            exp.JSONValueArray: _json_extract_value_array_sql,
1008            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOLAND_AGG"),
1009            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOLOR_AGG"),
1010            exp.Map: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
1011            exp.MakeInterval: no_make_interval_sql,
1012            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
1013            exp.Min: min_or_least,
1014            exp.ParseJSON: lambda self, e: self.func(
1015                "TRY_PARSE_JSON" if e.args.get("safe") else "PARSE_JSON", e.this
1016            ),
1017            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
1018            exp.PercentileCont: transforms.preprocess(
1019                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
1020            ),
1021            exp.PercentileDisc: transforms.preprocess(
1022                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
1023            ),
1024            exp.Pivot: transforms.preprocess([_unqualify_pivot_columns]),
1025            exp.RegexpExtract: _regexpextract_sql,
1026            exp.RegexpExtractAll: _regexpextract_sql,
1027            exp.RegexpILike: _regexpilike_sql,
1028            exp.Rand: rename_func("RANDOM"),
1029            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
1030                [
1031                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
1032                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
1033                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
1034                    _transform_generate_date_array,
1035                ]
1036            ),
1037            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
1038            exp.StarMap: rename_func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
1039            exp.StartsWith: rename_func("STARTSWITH"),
1040            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: strposition_sql(
1041                self, e, func_name="CHARINDEX", supports_position=True
1042            ),
1043            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
1044            exp.Stuff: rename_func("INSERT"),
1045            exp.TimeAdd: date_delta_sql("TIMEADD"),
1046            exp.Timestamp: no_timestamp_sql,
1047            exp.TimestampAdd: date_delta_sql("TIMESTAMPADD"),
1048            exp.TimestampDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
1049                "TIMESTAMPDIFF", e.unit, e.expression, e.this
1050            ),
1051            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
1052            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
1053            exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EXTRACT(epoch_second FROM {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
1054            exp.ToArray: rename_func("TO_ARRAY"),
1055            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
1056            exp.ToDouble: rename_func("TO_DOUBLE"),
1057            exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD", cast=True),
1058            exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
1059            exp.TsOrDsToDate: lambda self, e: self.func(
1060                "TRY_TO_DATE" if e.args.get("safe") else "TO_DATE", e.this, self.format_time(e)
1061            ),
1062            exp.TsOrDsToTime: lambda self, e: self.func(
1063                "TRY_TO_TIME" if e.args.get("safe") else "TO_TIME", e.this, self.format_time(e)
1064            ),
1065            exp.Unhex: rename_func("HEX_DECODE_BINARY"),
1066            exp.UnixToTime: rename_func("TO_TIMESTAMP"),
1067            exp.Uuid: rename_func("UUID_STRING"),
1068            exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
1069            exp.WeekOfYear: rename_func("WEEKOFYEAR"),
1070            exp.Xor: rename_func("BOOLXOR"),
1071            exp.Levenshtein: unsupported_args("ins_cost", "del_cost", "sub_cost")(
1072                rename_func("EDITDISTANCE")
1073            ),
1074        }
1075
1076        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
1077            exp.JSONPathKey,
1078            exp.JSONPathRoot,
1079            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
1080        }
1081
1082        TYPE_MAPPING = {
1083            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
1084            exp.DataType.Type.NESTED: "OBJECT",
1085            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "OBJECT",
1086        }
1087
1088        TOKEN_MAPPING = {
1089            TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: "AUTOINCREMENT",
1090        }
1091
1092        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
1093            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
1094            exp.SetProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
1095            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
1096        }
1097
1098        UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS = {
1099            exp.Map,
1100            exp.StarMap,
1101            exp.Struct,
1102            exp.VarMap,
1103        }
1104
1105        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
1106            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.sep(""), sep=" ")
1107
1108        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values, values_as_table: bool = True) -> str:
1109            if expression.find(*self.UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS):
1110                values_as_table = False
1111
1112            return super().values_sql(expression, values_as_table=values_as_table)
1113
1114        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
1115            expressions = expression.expressions
1116            if (
1117                expressions
1118                and expression.is_type(*exp.DataType.STRUCT_TYPES)
1119                and any(isinstance(field_type, exp.DataType) for field_type in expressions)
1120            ):
1121                # The correct syntax is OBJECT [ (<key> <value_type [NOT NULL] [, ...]) ]
1122                return "OBJECT"
1123
1124            return super().datatype_sql(expression)
1125
1126        def tonumber_sql(self, expression: exp.ToNumber) -> str:
1127            return self.func(
1128                "TO_NUMBER",
1129                expression.this,
1130                expression.args.get("format"),
1131                expression.args.get("precision"),
1132                expression.args.get("scale"),
1133            )
1134
1135        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
1136            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
1137            if milli is not None:
1138                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
1139                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
1140
1141            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)
1142
1143        def cast_sql(self, expression: exp.Cast, safe_prefix: t.Optional[str] = None) -> str:
1144            if expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.GEOGRAPHY):
1145                return self.func("TO_GEOGRAPHY", expression.this)
1146            if expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.GEOMETRY):
1147                return self.func("TO_GEOMETRY", expression.this)
1148
1149            return super().cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix=safe_prefix)
1150
1151        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
1152            value = expression.this
1153
1154            if value.type is None:
1155                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
1156
1157                value = annotate_types(value)
1158
1159            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
1160                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
1161
1162            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
1163            return self.cast_sql(expression)
1164
1165        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
1166            if not expression.expression:
1167                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
1168
1169            return super().log_sql(expression)
1170
1171        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
1172            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
1173            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
1174
1175            columns = [
1176                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
1177                exp.to_identifier("key"),
1178                exp.to_identifier("path"),
1179                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
1180                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
1181                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
1182                exp.to_identifier("this"),
1183            ]
1184
1185            if unnest_alias:
1186                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
1187            else:
1188                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
1189
1190            table_input = self.sql(expression.expressions[0])
1191            if not table_input.startswith("INPUT =>"):
1192                table_input = f"INPUT => {table_input}"
1193
1194            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN({table_input}))"
1195            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
1196            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
1197            return f"{explode}{alias}"
1198
1199        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
1200            terse = "TERSE " if expression.args.get("terse") else ""
1201            history = " HISTORY" if expression.args.get("history") else ""
1202            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
1203            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
1204
1205            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
1206            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
1207
1208            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
1209            if scope_kind:
1210                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
1211
1212            starts_with = self.sql(expression, "starts_with")
1213            if starts_with:
1214                starts_with = f" STARTS WITH {starts_with}"
1215
1216            limit = self.sql(expression, "limit")
1217
1218            from_ = self.sql(expression, "from")
1219            if from_:
1220                from_ = f" FROM {from_}"
1221
1222            privileges = self.expressions(expression, key="privileges", flat=True)
1223            privileges = f" WITH PRIVILEGES {privileges}" if privileges else ""
1224
1225            return f"SHOW {terse}{expression.name}{history}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}{starts_with}{limit}{from_}{privileges}"
1226
1227        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
1228            # Default to table if kind is unknown
1229            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
1230            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
1231            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
1232            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
1233            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
1234            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"
1235
1236        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
1237            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
1238        ) -> str:
1239            start = expression.args.get("start")
1240            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
1241            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
1242            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
1243            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"
1244
1245        def cluster_sql(self, expression: exp.Cluster) -> str:
1246            return f"CLUSTER BY ({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)})"
1247
1248        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
1249            keys = []
1250            values = []
1251
1252            for i, e in enumerate(expression.expressions):
1253                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
1254                    keys.append(
1255                        exp.Literal.string(e.name) if isinstance(e.this, exp.Identifier) else e.this
1256                    )
1257                    values.append(e.expression)
1258                else:
1259                    keys.append(exp.Literal.string(f"_{i}"))
1260                    values.append(e)
1261
1262            return self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT", *flatten(zip(keys, values)))
1263
1264        @unsupported_args("weight", "accuracy")
1265        def approxquantile_sql(self, expression: exp.ApproxQuantile) -> str:
1266            return self.func("APPROX_PERCENTILE", expression.this, expression.args.get("quantile"))
1267
1268        def alterset_sql(self, expression: exp.AlterSet) -> str:
1269            exprs = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
1270            exprs = f" {exprs}" if exprs else ""
1271            file_format = self.expressions(expression, key="file_format", flat=True, sep=" ")
1272            file_format = f" STAGE_FILE_FORMAT = ({file_format})" if file_format else ""
1273            copy_options = self.expressions(expression, key="copy_options", flat=True, sep=" ")
1274            copy_options = f" STAGE_COPY_OPTIONS = ({copy_options})" if copy_options else ""
1275            tag = self.expressions(expression, key="tag", flat=True)
1276            tag = f" TAG {tag}" if tag else ""
1277
1278            return f"SET{exprs}{file_format}{copy_options}{tag}"
1279
1280        def strtotime_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToTime):
1281            safe_prefix = "TRY_" if expression.args.get("safe") else ""
1282            return self.func(
1283                f"{safe_prefix}TO_TIMESTAMP", expression.this, self.format_time(expression)
1284            )
1285
1286        def timestampsub_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampSub):
1287            return self.sql(
1288                exp.TimestampAdd(
1289                    this=expression.this,
1290                    expression=expression.expression * -1,
1291                    unit=expression.unit,
1292                )
1293            )
1294
1295        def jsonextract_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONExtract):
1296            this = expression.this
1297
1298            # JSON strings are valid coming from other dialects such as BQ
1299            return self.func(
1300                "GET_PATH",
1301                exp.ParseJSON(this=this) if this.is_string else this,
1302                expression.expression,
1303            )
1304
1305        def timetostr_sql(self, expression: exp.TimeToStr) -> str:
1306            this = expression.this
1307            if not isinstance(this, exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp):
1308                this = exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP)
1309
1310            return self.func("TO_CHAR", this, self.format_time(expression))
1311
1312        def datesub_sql(self, expression: exp.DateSub) -> str:
1313            value = expression.expression
1314            if value:
1315                value.replace(value * (-1))
1316            else:
1317                self.unsupported("DateSub cannot be transpiled if the subtracted count is unknown")
1318
1319            return date_delta_sql("DATEADD")(self, expression)
1320
1321        def select_sql(self, expression: exp.Select) -> str:
1322            limit = expression.args.get("limit")
1323            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
1324            if offset and not limit:
1325                expression.limit(exp.Null(), copy=False)
1326            return super().select_sql(expression)

Generator converts a given syntax tree to the corresponding SQL string.

Arguments:
  • pretty: Whether to format the produced SQL string. Default: False.
  • identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are: False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect. True or 'always': Always quote. 'safe': Only quote identifiers that are case insensitive.
  • normalize: Whether to normalize identifiers to lowercase. Default: False.
  • pad: The pad size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of a projection in a query, relative to its nesting level. Default: 2.
  • indent: The indentation size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of subqueries and filters under a WHERE clause. Default: 2.
  • normalize_functions: How to normalize function names. Possible values are: "upper" or True (default): Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.
  • unsupported_level: Determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
  • max_unsupported: Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
  • leading_comma: Whether the comma is leading or trailing in select expressions. This is only relevant when generating in pretty mode. Default: False
  • max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
  • comments: Whether to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True
PARAMETER_TOKEN = '$'
MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
JOIN_HINTS = False
TABLE_HINTS = False
QUERY_HINTS = False
AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ','
INSERT_OVERWRITE = ' OVERWRITE INTO'
STRUCT_DELIMITER = ('(', ')')
COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED = False
COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED = True
STAR_EXCEPT = 'EXCLUDE'
SUPPORTS_EXPLODING_PROJECTIONS = False
ARRAY_CONCAT_IS_VAR_LEN = False
SUPPORTS_CONVERT_TIMEZONE = True
EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
SUPPORTS_MEDIAN = True
ARRAY_SIZE_NAME = 'ARRAY_SIZE'
TRANSFORMS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathKey'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRoot'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSubscript'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AllowedValuesProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnalyzeColumns'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnalyzeWith'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CaseSpecificColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CommentColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConnectByRoot'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFormatColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefaultColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DynamicProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EmptyProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EphemeralColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExcludeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Except'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InlineLengthColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Intersect'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntervalSpan'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Int64'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NonClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NotForReplicationColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnUpdateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Operator'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PathColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PivotAny'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ProjectionPolicyColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecureProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stream'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StreamingTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrictProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SwapTable'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Tags'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TitleColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Union'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UsingData'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UppercaseColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithProcedureOptions'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSchemaBindingProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithOperator'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ForceProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>: <function inline_array_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AtTimeZone'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseOr'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseXor'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseLeftShift'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseRightShift'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Create'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>: <function timestampdiff_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function datestrtodate_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromTimeZone'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>: <function if_sql.<locals>._if_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractArray'>: <function _json_extract_value_array_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONValueArray'>: <function _json_extract_value_array_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MakeInterval'>: <function no_make_interval_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>: <function max_or_greatest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>: <function min_or_least>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pivot'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>: <function _regexpextract_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtractAll'>: <function _regexpextract_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>: <function _regexpilike_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>: <function no_timestamp_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>: <function timestamptrunc_sql.<locals>._timestamptrunc_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToArray'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDouble'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTime'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>}
TYPE_MAPPING = {<Type.DATETIME2: 'DATETIME2'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>: 'CHAR', <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>: 'VARCHAR', <Type.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.BLOB: 'BLOB'>: 'VARBINARY', <Type.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.INET: 'INET'>: 'INET', <Type.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>: 'VARBINARY', <Type.SMALLDATETIME: 'SMALLDATETIME'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.NESTED: 'NESTED'>: 'OBJECT', <Type.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>: 'OBJECT'}
TOKEN_MAPPING = {<TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>: 'AUTOINCREMENT'}
PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.AllowedValuesProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AlgorithmProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BlockCompressionProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ChecksumProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cluster'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistributedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DuplicateKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataBlocksizeProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataDeletionProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefinerProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictRange'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DynamicProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistStyleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EmptyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EngineProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FallbackProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FreespaceProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IncludeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsolatedLoadingProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JournalProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockingProperty'>: <Location.POST_ALIAS: 'POST_ALIAS'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeBlockRatioProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Order'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedOfProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PrimaryKey'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Property'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatDelimitedProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatSerdeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecureProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SerdeProperties'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Set'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SequenceProperties'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StorageHandlerProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StreamingTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Tags'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeTreeTTL'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithDataProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithProcedureOptions'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSchemaBindingProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSystemVersioningProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ForceProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>}
UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>}
def with_properties(self, properties: sqlglot.expressions.Properties) -> str:
1105        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
1106            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.sep(""), sep=" ")
def values_sql( self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Values, values_as_table: bool = True) -> str:
1108        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values, values_as_table: bool = True) -> str:
1109            if expression.find(*self.UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS):
1110                values_as_table = False
1111
1112            return super().values_sql(expression, values_as_table=values_as_table)
def datatype_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.DataType) -> str:
1114        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
1115            expressions = expression.expressions
1116            if (
1117                expressions
1118                and expression.is_type(*exp.DataType.STRUCT_TYPES)
1119                and any(isinstance(field_type, exp.DataType) for field_type in expressions)
1120            ):
1121                # The correct syntax is OBJECT [ (<key> <value_type [NOT NULL] [, ...]) ]
1122                return "OBJECT"
1123
1124            return super().datatype_sql(expression)
def tonumber_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.ToNumber) -> str:
1126        def tonumber_sql(self, expression: exp.ToNumber) -> str:
1127            return self.func(
1128                "TO_NUMBER",
1129                expression.this,
1130                expression.args.get("format"),
1131                expression.args.get("precision"),
1132                expression.args.get("scale"),
1133            )
def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
1135        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
1136            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
1137            if milli is not None:
1138                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
1139                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
1140
1141            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)
def cast_sql( self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Cast, safe_prefix: Optional[str] = None) -> str:
1143        def cast_sql(self, expression: exp.Cast, safe_prefix: t.Optional[str] = None) -> str:
1144            if expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.GEOGRAPHY):
1145                return self.func("TO_GEOGRAPHY", expression.this)
1146            if expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.GEOMETRY):
1147                return self.func("TO_GEOMETRY", expression.this)
1148
1149            return super().cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix=safe_prefix)
def trycast_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TryCast) -> str:
1151        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
1152            value = expression.this
1153
1154            if value.type is None:
1155                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
1156
1157                value = annotate_types(value)
1158
1159            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
1160                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
1161
1162            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
1163            return self.cast_sql(expression)
def log_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Log) -> str:
1165        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
1166            if not expression.expression:
1167                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
1168
1169            return super().log_sql(expression)
def unnest_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Unnest) -> str:
1171        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
1172            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
1173            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
1174
1175            columns = [
1176                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
1177                exp.to_identifier("key"),
1178                exp.to_identifier("path"),
1179                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
1180                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
1181                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
1182                exp.to_identifier("this"),
1183            ]
1184
1185            if unnest_alias:
1186                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
1187            else:
1188                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
1189
1190            table_input = self.sql(expression.expressions[0])
1191            if not table_input.startswith("INPUT =>"):
1192                table_input = f"INPUT => {table_input}"
1193
1194            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN({table_input}))"
1195            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
1196            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
1197            return f"{explode}{alias}"
def show_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Show) -> str:
1199        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
1200            terse = "TERSE " if expression.args.get("terse") else ""
1201            history = " HISTORY" if expression.args.get("history") else ""
1202            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
1203            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
1204
1205            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
1206            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
1207
1208            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
1209            if scope_kind:
1210                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
1211
1212            starts_with = self.sql(expression, "starts_with")
1213            if starts_with:
1214                starts_with = f" STARTS WITH {starts_with}"
1215
1216            limit = self.sql(expression, "limit")
1217
1218            from_ = self.sql(expression, "from")
1219            if from_:
1220                from_ = f" FROM {from_}"
1221
1222            privileges = self.expressions(expression, key="privileges", flat=True)
1223            privileges = f" WITH PRIVILEGES {privileges}" if privileges else ""
1224
1225            return f"SHOW {terse}{expression.name}{history}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}{starts_with}{limit}{from_}{privileges}"
def describe_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Describe) -> str:
1227        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
1228            # Default to table if kind is unknown
1229            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
1230            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
1231            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
1232            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
1233            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
1234            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"
def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql( self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint) -> str:
1236        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
1237            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
1238        ) -> str:
1239            start = expression.args.get("start")
1240            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
1241            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
1242            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
1243            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"
def cluster_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Cluster) -> str:
1245        def cluster_sql(self, expression: exp.Cluster) -> str:
1246            return f"CLUSTER BY ({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)})"
def struct_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Struct) -> str:
1248        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
1249            keys = []
1250            values = []
1251
1252            for i, e in enumerate(expression.expressions):
1253                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
1254                    keys.append(
1255                        exp.Literal.string(e.name) if isinstance(e.this, exp.Identifier) else e.this
1256                    )
1257                    values.append(e.expression)
1258                else:
1259                    keys.append(exp.Literal.string(f"_{i}"))
1260                    values.append(e)
1261
1262            return self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT", *flatten(zip(keys, values)))
@unsupported_args('weight', 'accuracy')
def approxquantile_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile) -> str:
1264        @unsupported_args("weight", "accuracy")
1265        def approxquantile_sql(self, expression: exp.ApproxQuantile) -> str:
1266            return self.func("APPROX_PERCENTILE", expression.this, expression.args.get("quantile"))
def alterset_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.AlterSet) -> str:
1268        def alterset_sql(self, expression: exp.AlterSet) -> str:
1269            exprs = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
1270            exprs = f" {exprs}" if exprs else ""
1271            file_format = self.expressions(expression, key="file_format", flat=True, sep=" ")
1272            file_format = f" STAGE_FILE_FORMAT = ({file_format})" if file_format else ""
1273            copy_options = self.expressions(expression, key="copy_options", flat=True, sep=" ")
1274            copy_options = f" STAGE_COPY_OPTIONS = ({copy_options})" if copy_options else ""
1275            tag = self.expressions(expression, key="tag", flat=True)
1276            tag = f" TAG {tag}" if tag else ""
1277
1278            return f"SET{exprs}{file_format}{copy_options}{tag}"
def strtotime_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime):
1280        def strtotime_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToTime):
1281            safe_prefix = "TRY_" if expression.args.get("safe") else ""
1282            return self.func(
1283                f"{safe_prefix}TO_TIMESTAMP", expression.this, self.format_time(expression)
1284            )
def timestampsub_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub):
1286        def timestampsub_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampSub):
1287            return self.sql(
1288                exp.TimestampAdd(
1289                    this=expression.this,
1290                    expression=expression.expression * -1,
1291                    unit=expression.unit,
1292                )
1293            )
def jsonextract_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract):
1295        def jsonextract_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONExtract):
1296            this = expression.this
1297
1298            # JSON strings are valid coming from other dialects such as BQ
1299            return self.func(
1300                "GET_PATH",
1301                exp.ParseJSON(this=this) if this.is_string else this,
1302                expression.expression,
1303            )
def timetostr_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr) -> str:
1305        def timetostr_sql(self, expression: exp.TimeToStr) -> str:
1306            this = expression.this
1307            if not isinstance(this, exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp):
1308                this = exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP)
1309
1310            return self.func("TO_CHAR", this, self.format_time(expression))
def datesub_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.DateSub) -> str:
1312        def datesub_sql(self, expression: exp.DateSub) -> str:
1313            value = expression.expression
1314            if value:
1315                value.replace(value * (-1))
1316            else:
1317                self.unsupported("DateSub cannot be transpiled if the subtracted count is unknown")
1318
1319            return date_delta_sql("DATEADD")(self, expression)
def select_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Select) -> str:
1321        def select_sql(self, expression: exp.Select) -> str:
1322            limit = expression.args.get("limit")
1323            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
1324            if offset and not limit:
1325                expression.limit(exp.Null(), copy=False)
1326            return super().select_sql(expression)
SELECT_KINDS: Tuple[str, ...] = ()
TRY_SUPPORTED = False
SUPPORTS_UESCAPE = False
AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS = {'windows': <function Generator.<lambda>>, 'qualify': <function Generator.<lambda>>}
Inherited Members
sqlglot.generator.Generator
Generator
NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED
IGNORE_NULLS_IN_FUNC
LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED
WRAP_DERIVED_VALUES
CREATE_FUNCTION_RETURN_AS
INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM
LIMIT_FETCH
RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB
GROUPINGS_SEP
INDEX_ON
QUERY_HINT_SEP
IS_BOOL_ALLOWED
DUPLICATE_KEY_UPDATE_WITH_SET
LIMIT_IS_TOP
RETURNING_END
EXTRACT_ALLOWS_QUOTES
TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE
NVL2_SUPPORTED
VALUES_AS_TABLE
ALTER_TABLE_INCLUDE_COLUMN_KEYWORD
UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY
SEMI_ANTI_JOIN_WITH_SIDE
COMPUTED_COLUMN_WITH_TYPE
TABLESAMPLE_REQUIRES_PARENS
TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_ROWS
TABLESAMPLE_KEYWORDS
TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD
TABLESAMPLE_SEED_KEYWORD
DATA_TYPE_SPECIFIERS_ALLOWED
ENSURE_BOOLS
CTE_RECURSIVE_KEYWORD_REQUIRED
SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT
LAST_DAY_SUPPORTS_DATE_PART
SUPPORTS_TABLE_ALIAS_COLUMNS
UNPIVOT_ALIASES_ARE_IDENTIFIERS
SUPPORTS_SELECT_INTO
SUPPORTS_UNLOGGED_TABLES
SUPPORTS_CREATE_TABLE_LIKE
LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA
MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT
JSON_TYPE_REQUIRED_FOR_EXTRACTION
JSON_PATH_BRACKETED_KEY_SUPPORTED
JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE
CAN_IMPLEMENT_ARRAY_ANY
SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER
SET_OP_MODIFIERS
COPY_HAS_INTO_KEYWORD
HEX_FUNC
WITH_PROPERTIES_PREFIX
QUOTE_JSON_PATH
PAD_FILL_PATTERN_IS_REQUIRED
SUPPORTS_UNIX_SECONDS
PARSE_JSON_NAME
ALTER_SET_TYPE
ARRAY_SIZE_DIM_REQUIRED
TIME_PART_SINGULARS
NAMED_PLACEHOLDER_TOKEN
EXPRESSION_PRECEDES_PROPERTIES_CREATABLES
RESERVED_KEYWORDS
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