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Dialects

While there is a SQL standard, most SQL engines support a variation of that standard. This makes it difficult to write portable SQL code. SQLGlot bridges all the different variations, called "dialects", with an extensible SQL transpilation framework.

The base sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect class implements a generic dialect that aims to be as universal as possible.

Each SQL variation has its own Dialect subclass, extending the corresponding Tokenizer, Parser and Generator classes as needed.

Implementing a custom Dialect

Creating a new SQL dialect may seem complicated at first, but it is actually quite simple in SQLGlot:

from sqlglot import exp
from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import Dialect
from sqlglot.generator import Generator
from sqlglot.tokens import Tokenizer, TokenType


class Custom(Dialect):
    class Tokenizer(Tokenizer):
        QUOTES = ["'", '"']  # Strings can be delimited by either single or double quotes
        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]  # Identifiers can be delimited by backticks

        # Associates certain meaningful words with tokens that capture their intent
        KEYWORDS = {
            **Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
            "INT64": TokenType.BIGINT,
            "FLOAT64": TokenType.DOUBLE,
        }

    class Generator(Generator):
        # Specifies how AST nodes, i.e. subclasses of exp.Expr, should be converted into SQL
        TRANSFORMS = {
            exp.Array: lambda self, e: f"[{self.expressions(e)}]",
        }

        # Specifies how AST nodes representing data types should be converted into SQL
        TYPE_MAPPING = {
            exp.DType.TINYINT: "INT64",
            exp.DType.SMALLINT: "INT64",
            exp.DType.INT: "INT64",
            exp.DType.BIGINT: "INT64",
            exp.DType.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC",
            exp.DType.FLOAT: "FLOAT64",
            exp.DType.DOUBLE: "FLOAT64",
            exp.DType.BOOLEAN: "BOOL",
            exp.DType.TEXT: "STRING",
        }

The above example demonstrates how certain parts of the base Dialect class can be overridden to match a different specification. Even though it is a fairly realistic starting point, we strongly encourage the reader to study existing dialect implementations in order to understand how their various components can be modified, depending on the use-case.


  1# ruff: noqa: F401
  2"""
  3## Dialects
  4
  5While there is a SQL standard, most SQL engines support a variation of that standard. This makes it difficult
  6to write portable SQL code. SQLGlot bridges all the different variations, called "dialects", with an extensible
  7SQL transpilation framework.
  8
  9The base `sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect` class implements a generic dialect that aims to be as universal as possible.
 10
 11Each SQL variation has its own `Dialect` subclass, extending the corresponding `Tokenizer`, `Parser` and `Generator`
 12classes as needed.
 13
 14### Implementing a custom Dialect
 15
 16Creating a new SQL dialect may seem complicated at first, but it is actually quite simple in SQLGlot:
 17
 18```python
 19from sqlglot import exp
 20from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import Dialect
 21from sqlglot.generator import Generator
 22from sqlglot.tokens import Tokenizer, TokenType
 23
 24
 25class Custom(Dialect):
 26    class Tokenizer(Tokenizer):
 27        QUOTES = ["'", '"']  # Strings can be delimited by either single or double quotes
 28        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]  # Identifiers can be delimited by backticks
 29
 30        # Associates certain meaningful words with tokens that capture their intent
 31        KEYWORDS = {
 32            **Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
 33            "INT64": TokenType.BIGINT,
 34            "FLOAT64": TokenType.DOUBLE,
 35        }
 36
 37    class Generator(Generator):
 38        # Specifies how AST nodes, i.e. subclasses of exp.Expr, should be converted into SQL
 39        TRANSFORMS = {
 40            exp.Array: lambda self, e: f"[{self.expressions(e)}]",
 41        }
 42
 43        # Specifies how AST nodes representing data types should be converted into SQL
 44        TYPE_MAPPING = {
 45            exp.DType.TINYINT: "INT64",
 46            exp.DType.SMALLINT: "INT64",
 47            exp.DType.INT: "INT64",
 48            exp.DType.BIGINT: "INT64",
 49            exp.DType.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC",
 50            exp.DType.FLOAT: "FLOAT64",
 51            exp.DType.DOUBLE: "FLOAT64",
 52            exp.DType.BOOLEAN: "BOOL",
 53            exp.DType.TEXT: "STRING",
 54        }
 55```
 56
 57The above example demonstrates how certain parts of the base `Dialect` class can be overridden to match a different
 58specification. Even though it is a fairly realistic starting point, we strongly encourage the reader to study existing
 59dialect implementations in order to understand how their various components can be modified, depending on the use-case.
 60
 61----
 62"""
 63
 64import importlib
 65import threading
 66
 67DIALECTS = [
 68    "Athena",
 69    "BigQuery",
 70    "ClickHouse",
 71    "Databricks",
 72    "DAX",
 73    "Doris",
 74    "Dremio",
 75    "Drill",
 76    "Druid",
 77    "DuckDB",
 78    "Dune",
 79    "Exasol",
 80    "Fabric",
 81    "Hive",
 82    "Materialize",
 83    "MySQL",
 84    "Oracle",
 85    "Postgres",
 86    "Presto",
 87    "PRQL",
 88    "Redshift",
 89    "RisingWave",
 90    "SingleStore",
 91    "Snowflake",
 92    "Solr",
 93    "Spark",
 94    "Spark2",
 95    "SQLite",
 96    "StarRocks",
 97    "Tableau",
 98    "Teradata",
 99    "Trino",
100    "TSQL",
101]
102
103MODULE_BY_DIALECT = {name: name.lower() for name in DIALECTS}
104DIALECT_MODULE_NAMES = MODULE_BY_DIALECT.values()
105
106MODULE_BY_ATTRIBUTE = {
107    **MODULE_BY_DIALECT,
108    "Dialect": "dialect",
109    "Dialects": "dialect",
110}
111
112__all__ = list(MODULE_BY_ATTRIBUTE)
113
114# We use a reentrant lock because a dialect may depend on (i.e., import) other dialects.
115# Without it, the first dialect import would never be completed, because subsequent
116# imports would be blocked on the lock held by the first import.
117_import_lock = threading.RLock()
118
119
120def __getattr__(name):
121    module_name = MODULE_BY_ATTRIBUTE.get(name)
122    if module_name:
123        with _import_lock:
124            module = importlib.import_module(f"sqlglot.dialects.{module_name}")
125        attr = getattr(module, name)
126        globals()[name] = attr
127        return attr
128
129    raise AttributeError(f"module {__name__} has no attribute {name}")
class Athena(sqlglot.dialects.Dialect):
14class Athena(Dialect):
15    """
16    Over the years, it looks like AWS has taken various execution engines, bolted on AWS-specific
17    modifications and then built the Athena service around them.
18
19    Thus, Athena is not simply hosted Trino, it's more like a router that routes SQL queries to an
20    execution engine depending on the query type.
21
22    As at 2024-09-10, assuming your Athena workgroup is configured to use "Athena engine version 3",
23    the following engines exist:
24
25    Hive:
26     - Accepts mostly the same syntax as Hadoop / Hive
27     - Uses backticks to quote identifiers
28     - Has a distinctive DDL syntax (around things like setting table properties, storage locations etc)
29       that is different from Trino
30     - Used for *most* DDL, with some exceptions that get routed to the Trino engine instead:
31        - CREATE [EXTERNAL] TABLE (without AS SELECT)
32        - ALTER
33        - DROP
34
35    Trino:
36      - Uses double quotes to quote identifiers
37      - Used for DDL operations that involve SELECT queries, eg:
38        - CREATE VIEW / DROP VIEW
39        - CREATE TABLE... AS SELECT
40      - Used for DML operations
41        - SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, MERGE
42
43    The SQLGlot Athena dialect tries to identify which engine a query would be routed to and then uses the
44    tokenizer / parser / generator for that engine. This is unfortunately necessary, as there are certain
45    incompatibilities between the engines' dialects and thus can't be handled by a single, unifying dialect.
46
47    References:
48    - https://docs.aws.amazon.com/athena/latest/ug/ddl-reference.html
49    - https://docs.aws.amazon.com/athena/latest/ug/dml-queries-functions-operators.html
50    """
51
52    # This Tokenizer consumes a combination of HiveQL and Trino SQL and then processes the tokens
53    # to disambiguate which dialect needs to be actually used in order to tokenize correctly.
54    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
55        IDENTIFIERS = Trino.Tokenizer.IDENTIFIERS + Hive.Tokenizer.IDENTIFIERS
56        STRING_ESCAPES = Trino.Tokenizer.STRING_ESCAPES + Hive.Tokenizer.STRING_ESCAPES
57        HEX_STRINGS = Trino.Tokenizer.HEX_STRINGS + Hive.Tokenizer.HEX_STRINGS
58        UNICODE_STRINGS = Trino.Tokenizer.UNICODE_STRINGS + Hive.Tokenizer.UNICODE_STRINGS
59
60        NUMERIC_LITERALS = {
61            **Trino.Tokenizer.NUMERIC_LITERALS,
62            **Hive.Tokenizer.NUMERIC_LITERALS,
63        }
64
65        KEYWORDS = {
66            **Hive.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
67            **Trino.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
68            "UNLOAD": TokenType.COMMAND,
69        }
70
71        def __init__(self, dialect: DialectType = None) -> None:
72            super().__init__(dialect=dialect)
73
74            self._hive_tokenizer = Hive().tokenizer()
75            self._trino_tokenizer = _TrinoTokenizer(Trino())
76
77        def tokenize(self, sql: str) -> list[Token]:
78            tokens = super().tokenize(sql)
79
80            if _tokenize_as_hive(tokens):
81                return [Token(TokenType.HIVE_TOKEN_STREAM, "")] + self._hive_tokenizer.tokenize(sql)
82
83            return self._trino_tokenizer.tokenize(sql)
84
85    Parser = AthenaParser
86
87    Generator = AthenaGenerator

Over the years, it looks like AWS has taken various execution engines, bolted on AWS-specific modifications and then built the Athena service around them.

Thus, Athena is not simply hosted Trino, it's more like a router that routes SQL queries to an execution engine depending on the query type.

As at 2024-09-10, assuming your Athena workgroup is configured to use "Athena engine version 3", the following engines exist:

Hive:
  • Accepts mostly the same syntax as Hadoop / Hive
  • Uses backticks to quote identifiers
  • Has a distinctive DDL syntax (around things like setting table properties, storage locations etc) that is different from Trino
  • Used for most DDL, with some exceptions that get routed to the Trino engine instead:
    • CREATE [EXTERNAL] TABLE (without AS SELECT)
    • ALTER
    • DROP
Trino:
  • Uses double quotes to quote identifiers
  • Used for DDL operations that involve SELECT queries, eg:
    • CREATE VIEW / DROP VIEW
    • CREATE TABLE... AS SELECT
  • Used for DML operations
    • SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, MERGE

The SQLGlot Athena dialect tries to identify which engine a query would be routed to and then uses the tokenizer / parser / generator for that engine. This is unfortunately necessary, as there are certain incompatibilities between the engines' dialects and thus can't be handled by a single, unifying dialect.

References:

SUPPORTS_COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS = False

Whether the old-style outer join (+) syntax is supported.

UNESCAPED_SEQUENCES: dict[str, str] = {'\\a': '\x07', '\\b': '\x08', '\\f': '\x0c', '\\n': '\n', '\\r': '\r', '\\t': '\t', '\\v': '\x0b', '\\\\': '\\'}

Mapping of an escaped sequence (\n) to its unescaped version ( ).

STRINGS_SUPPORT_ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: bool = True

Whether string literals support escape sequences (e.g. \n). Set by the metaclass based on the tokenizer's STRING_ESCAPES.

BYTE_STRINGS_SUPPORT_ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: bool = True

Whether byte string literals support escape sequences. Set by the metaclass based on the tokenizer's BYTE_STRING_ESCAPES.

INITCAP_SUPPORTS_CUSTOM_DELIMITERS = False
tokenizer_class = <class 'Athena.Tokenizer'>
jsonpath_tokenizer_class = <class 'sqlglot.dialects.dialect.JSONPathTokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'sqlglot.parsers.athena.AthenaParser'>
generator_class = <class 'sqlglot.generators.athena.AthenaGenerator'>
TIME_TRIE: dict = {}
FORMAT_TRIE: dict = {}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'%mstrict': '%m', '%dstrict': '%d', '%Hstrict': '%H', '%Istrict': '%I', '%Mstrict': '%M', '%Sstrict': '%S'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: dict = {'%': {'m': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'd': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'H': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'I': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'M': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'S': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}}}
INVERSE_FORMAT_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'%mstrict': '%m', '%dstrict': '%d', '%Hstrict': '%H', '%Istrict': '%I', '%Mstrict': '%M', '%Sstrict': '%S'}
INVERSE_FORMAT_TRIE: dict = {'%': {'m': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'd': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'H': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'I': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'M': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'S': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}}}
INVERSE_CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {}
ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: dict[str, str] = {'\x07': '\\a', '\x08': '\\b', '\x0c': '\\f', '\n': '\\n', '\r': '\\r', '\t': '\\t', '\x0b': '\\v', '\\': '\\\\'}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '"'
IDENTIFIER_END = '"'
VALID_INTERVAL_UNITS: set[str] = {'MICROSECS', 'MINUTES', 'YEAR', 'WY', 'DAYOFMONTH', 'DOW', 'MONTH', 'MICROSECOND', 'TIMEZONE_MINUTE', 'EPOCH_MICROSECONDS', 'MINUTE', 'DAYOFWEEK_ISO', 'TZH', 'Y', 'DW', 'WEEK', 'MM', 'DAYOFWEEK', 'QUARTER', 'MSEC', 'NSEC', 'M', 'USECS', 'NANOSECS', 'WEEKDAY', 'DW_ISO', 'MONTHS', 'D', 'MINS', 'DY', 'DAYOFYEAR', 'WK', 'HH', 'MS', 'TIMEZONE_HOUR', 'MIL', 'S', 'YYYY', 'DECADES', 'MON', 'NANOSECOND', 'WEEKOFYEAR', 'HOUR', 'TZM', 'MILLENNIUM', 'SECONDS', 'DOW_ISO', 'DAY OF WEEK', 'USECOND', 'H', 'MILLISECON', 'QTRS', 'MILLISECS', 'DOY', 'SECOND', 'EPOCH_MILLISECOND', 'HRS', 'DEC', 'EPOCH_SECONDS', 'YYY', 'YY', 'YRS', 'MSECONDS', 'SEC', 'USEC', 'MILLISECOND', 'HOURS', 'DAY OF YEAR', 'MILLISEC', 'C', 'MSECOND', 'WEEKDAY_ISO', 'EPOCH_NANOSECOND', 'NANOSEC', 'SECS', 'CENTURY', 'MILS', 'US', 'WEEKOFYEAR_ISO', 'WEEKOFYEARISO', 'QUARTERS', 'YR', 'EPOCH', 'EPOCH_MILLISECONDS', 'MONS', 'MILLISECONDS', 'MICROSECONDS', 'MI', 'WEEK_ISO', 'MIN', 'MILLENIA', 'WOY', 'CENTS', 'EPOCH_MICROSECOND', 'DAYS', 'MSECS', 'CENT', 'W', 'MICROSEC', 'HR', 'NS', 'DD', 'EPOCH_NANOSECONDS', 'DECADE', 'NSECONDS', 'DAY', 'DECS', 'DAYOFWEEKISO', 'USECONDS', 'YEARS', 'NSECOND', 'CENTURIES', 'WEEKISO', 'QTR', 'Q', 'EPOCH_SECOND'}
BIT_START: str | None = None
BIT_END: str | None = None
HEX_START: str | None = "x'"
HEX_END: str | None = "'"
BYTE_START: str | None = None
BYTE_END: str | None = None
UNICODE_START: str | None = "U&'"
UNICODE_END: str | None = "'"
class Athena.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer):
54    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
55        IDENTIFIERS = Trino.Tokenizer.IDENTIFIERS + Hive.Tokenizer.IDENTIFIERS
56        STRING_ESCAPES = Trino.Tokenizer.STRING_ESCAPES + Hive.Tokenizer.STRING_ESCAPES
57        HEX_STRINGS = Trino.Tokenizer.HEX_STRINGS + Hive.Tokenizer.HEX_STRINGS
58        UNICODE_STRINGS = Trino.Tokenizer.UNICODE_STRINGS + Hive.Tokenizer.UNICODE_STRINGS
59
60        NUMERIC_LITERALS = {
61            **Trino.Tokenizer.NUMERIC_LITERALS,
62            **Hive.Tokenizer.NUMERIC_LITERALS,
63        }
64
65        KEYWORDS = {
66            **Hive.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
67            **Trino.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
68            "UNLOAD": TokenType.COMMAND,
69        }
70
71        def __init__(self, dialect: DialectType = None) -> None:
72            super().__init__(dialect=dialect)
73
74            self._hive_tokenizer = Hive().tokenizer()
75            self._trino_tokenizer = _TrinoTokenizer(Trino())
76
77        def tokenize(self, sql: str) -> list[Token]:
78            tokens = super().tokenize(sql)
79
80            if _tokenize_as_hive(tokens):
81                return [Token(TokenType.HIVE_TOKEN_STREAM, "")] + self._hive_tokenizer.tokenize(sql)
82
83            return self._trino_tokenizer.tokenize(sql)
Athena.Tokenizer( dialect: Union[str, Dialect, type[Dialect], NoneType] = None)
71        def __init__(self, dialect: DialectType = None) -> None:
72            super().__init__(dialect=dialect)
73
74            self._hive_tokenizer = Hive().tokenizer()
75            self._trino_tokenizer = _TrinoTokenizer(Trino())
IDENTIFIERS = ['"', '`']
STRING_ESCAPES = ["'", '\\']
HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
UNICODE_STRINGS = [("U&'", "'"), ("u&'", "'")]
NUMERIC_LITERALS = {'L': 'BIGINT', 'S': 'SMALLINT', 'Y': 'TINYINT', 'D': 'DOUBLE', 'F': 'FLOAT', 'BD': 'DECIMAL'}
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '/*+': <TokenType.HINT: 293>, '&<': <TokenType.AMP_LT: 63>, '&>': <TokenType.AMP_GT: 64>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 28>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 14>, '?::': <TokenType.QDCOLON: 370>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 37>, '|>': <TokenType.PIPE_GT: 38>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 26>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 24>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 29>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 29>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 31>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 30>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 45>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 46>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 47>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 49>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 50>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 51>, '<<->>': <TokenType.LLRR_ARROW: 52>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 62>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 18>, '~~~': <TokenType.GLOB: 287>, '~~': <TokenType.LIKE: 318>, '~~*': <TokenType.ILIKE: 295>, '~*': <TokenType.IRLIKE: 307>, '-|-': <TokenType.ADJACENT: 65>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 220>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 34>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 221>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 222>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 225>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 218>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 226>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 228>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 228>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.BEGIN: 229>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 230>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 232>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 414>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 233>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 235>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 236>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 81>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 239>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 240>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 241>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COPY: 242>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 243>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 244>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 245>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 246>, 'CURRENT_SCHEMA': <TokenType.CURRENT_SCHEMA: 248>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 249>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 250>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 251>, 'CURRENT_CATALOG': <TokenType.CURRENT_CATALOG: 254>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 80>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 256>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 257>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 258>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 259>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 262>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 263>, 'DIV': <TokenType.DIV: 264>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 265>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 266>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 267>, 'ENUM': <TokenType.ENUM: 205>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 268>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 269>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 270>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 271>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 272>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 273>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 276>, 'FILE': <TokenType.FILE: 274>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 278>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 284>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 285>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 279>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 281>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 282>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 283>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 172>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 175>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 287>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 290>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 291>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 292>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 295>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 296>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 297>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 200>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 299>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 300>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 304>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 303>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 305>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 308>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 309>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 310>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 312>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 314>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 316>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 317>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 318>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 319>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 321>, 'LOCALTIME': <TokenType.LOCALTIME: 179>, 'LOCALTIMESTAMP': <TokenType.LOCALTIMESTAMP: 180>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 322>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 328>, 'NAMESPACE': <TokenType.NAMESPACE: 440>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 331>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 332>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 27>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 334>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 335>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 199>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 337>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 338>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 35>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 66>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 341>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 344>, 'OUT': <TokenType.OUT: 345>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 347>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 348>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 349>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 350>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 352>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 353>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 353>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 353>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 354>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 355>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 360>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 362>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 363>, 'OPERATOR': <TokenType.OPERATOR: 340>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 368>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 371>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 372>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 380>, 'RENAME': <TokenType.RENAME: 374>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 375>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 376>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 378>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 379>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 380>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 382>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 383>, 'ROW': <TokenType.STRUCT: 403>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 385>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 83>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 387>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 388>, 'SESSION': <TokenType.SESSION: 59>, 'SESSION_USER': <TokenType.SESSION_USER: 61>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 392>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 393>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 394>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 395>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 396>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 397>, 'SQL SECURITY': <TokenType.SQL_SECURITY: 399>, 'STRAIGHT_JOIN': <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 402>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 84>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 405>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 407>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 407>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 409>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 410>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 411>, 'TRIGGER': <TokenType.TRIGGER: 412>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 416>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 214>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 417>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 418>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 419>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 420>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 421>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 171>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 422>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 424>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 426>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 428>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 429>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 430>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 431>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 223>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 224>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 97>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 98>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 98>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 103>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 110>, 'UHUGEINT': <TokenType.UINT128: 111>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 110>, 'INT256': <TokenType.INT256: 112>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'INT8': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'UINT': <TokenType.UINT: 106>, 'UINT128': <TokenType.UINT128: 111>, 'UINT256': <TokenType.UINT256: 113>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'DECIMAL32': <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 118>, 'DECIMAL64': <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 119>, 'DECIMAL128': <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 120>, 'DECIMAL256': <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 121>, 'DECFLOAT': <TokenType.DECFLOAT: 122>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 124>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 124>, 'BIGNUM': <TokenType.BIGNUM: 109>, 'LIST': <TokenType.LIST: 320>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 323>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 174>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 114>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 114>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 114>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 115>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 115>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 115>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 141>, 'JSONB': <TokenType.JSONB: 142>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 125>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 125>, 'CHAR VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'CHARACTER VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 126>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 128>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 128>, 'BPCHAR': <TokenType.BPCHAR: 129>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 132>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 131>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 137>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 139>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 140>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 135>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 134>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 136>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 140>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 140>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 143>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 144>, 'TIME_NS': <TokenType.TIME_NS: 145>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 146>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 147>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 148>, 'TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 148>, 'TIMESTAMPNTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 149>, 'TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 149>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 157>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 153>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 159>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 160>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 161>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 162>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 163>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 164>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 165>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 166>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 167>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 168>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 169>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 170>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 432>, 'VECTOR': <TokenType.VECTOR: 215>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 403>, 'SEQUENCE': <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 390>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 198>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 219>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.ANALYZE: 439>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 238>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.GRANT: 289>, 'REVOKE': <TokenType.REVOKE: 377>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 193>, 'ADD ARCHIVE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'ADD ARCHIVES': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'ADD FILE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'ADD FILES': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'ADD JAR': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'ADD JARS': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'MINUS': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 269>, 'MSCK REPAIR': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'REFRESH': <TokenType.REFRESH: 373>, 'SERDEPROPERTIES': <TokenType.SERDE_PROPERTIES: 391>, 'DEALLOCATE PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'DESCRIBE INPUT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'DESCRIBE OUTPUT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'RESET SESSION': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'START': <TokenType.BEGIN: 229>, 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE': <TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE: 326>, 'IPADDRESS': <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 201>, 'IPPREFIX': <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 202>, 'TDIGEST': <TokenType.TDIGEST: 213>, 'HYPERLOGLOG': <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 185>, 'DECLARE': <TokenType.DECLARE: 255>, 'UNLOAD': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>}
def tokenize(self, sql: str) -> list[sqlglot.tokenizer_core.Token]:
77        def tokenize(self, sql: str) -> list[Token]:
78            tokens = super().tokenize(sql)
79
80            if _tokenize_as_hive(tokens):
81                return [Token(TokenType.HIVE_TOKEN_STREAM, "")] + self._hive_tokenizer.tokenize(sql)
82
83            return self._trino_tokenizer.tokenize(sql)

Returns a list of tokens corresponding to the SQL string sql.

BYTE_STRING_ESCAPES: ClassVar[list[str]] = ["'", '\\']
class BigQuery(sqlglot.dialects.Dialect):
 25class BigQuery(Dialect):
 26    WEEK_OFFSET = -1
 27    UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY = True
 28    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
 29    LOG_BASE_FIRST = False
 30    HEX_LOWERCASE = True
 31    FORCE_EARLY_ALIAS_REF_EXPANSION = True
 32    EXPAND_ONLY_GROUP_ALIAS_REF = True
 33    PRESERVE_ORIGINAL_NAMES = True
 34    HEX_STRING_IS_INTEGER_TYPE = True
 35    BYTE_STRING_IS_BYTES_TYPE = True
 36    UUID_IS_STRING_TYPE = True
 37    ANNOTATE_ALL_SCOPES = True
 38    PROJECTION_ALIASES_SHADOW_SOURCE_NAMES = True
 39    TABLES_REFERENCEABLE_AS_COLUMNS = True
 40    SUPPORTS_STRUCT_STAR_EXPANSION = True
 41    EXCLUDES_PSEUDOCOLUMNS_FROM_STAR = True
 42    QUERY_RESULTS_ARE_STRUCTS = True
 43    JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR_SCALAR_ONLY = True
 44    JSON_PATH_SINGLE_DOT_IS_WILDCARD = True
 45    LEAST_GREATEST_IGNORES_NULLS = False
 46    DEFAULT_NULL_TYPE = exp.DType.BIGINT
 47    PRIORITIZE_NON_LITERAL_TYPES = True
 48    ALIAS_POST_VERSION = False
 49
 50    # https://docs.cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/string_functions#initcap
 51    INITCAP_DEFAULT_DELIMITER_CHARS = ' \t\n\r\f\v\\[\\](){}/|<>!?@"^#$&~_,.:;*%+\\-'
 52
 53    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#case_sensitivity
 54    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE
 55    ASCII_ONLY_NORMALIZATION = True
 56
 57    # bigquery udfs are case sensitive
 58    NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS = False
 59
 60    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/format-elements#format_elements_date_time
 61    TIME_MAPPING = {
 62        "%x": "%m/%d/%y",
 63        "%D": "%m/%d/%y",
 64        "%E6S": "%S.%f",
 65        "%e": "%-d",
 66        "%F": "%Y-%m-%d",
 67        "%T": "%H:%M:%S",
 68        "%c": "%a %b %e %H:%M:%S %Y",
 69    }
 70
 71    INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING = {
 72        # Preserve %E6S instead of expanding to %T.%f - since both %E6S & %T.%f are semantically different in BigQuery
 73        # %E6S is semantically different from %T.%f: %E6S works as a single atomic specifier for seconds with microseconds, while %T.%f expands incorrectly and fails to parse.
 74        "%H:%M:%S.%f": "%H:%M:%E6S",
 75    }
 76
 77    FORMAT_MAPPING = {
 78        "dd": "%d",
 79        "DD": "%d",
 80        "mm": "%m",
 81        "MM": "%m",
 82        "mon": "%b",
 83        "MON": "%b",
 84        "month": "%B",
 85        "MONTH": "%B",
 86        "yyyy": "%Y",
 87        "YYYY": "%Y",
 88        "yy": "%y",
 89        "YY": "%y",
 90        "HH": "%I",
 91        "HH12": "%I",
 92        "hh24": "%H",
 93        "HH24": "%H",
 94        "mi": "%M",
 95        "MI": "%M",
 96        "ss": "%S",
 97        "SS": "%S",
 98        "SSSSS": "%f",
 99        "tzh": "%z",
100        "TZH": "%z",
101    }
102
103    # The _PARTITIONTIME and _PARTITIONDATE pseudo-columns are not returned by a SELECT * statement
104    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/querying-partitioned-tables#query_an_ingestion-time_partitioned_table
105    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/querying-wildcard-tables#scanning_a_range_of_tables_using_table_suffix
106    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/query-cloud-storage-data#query_the_file_name_pseudo-column
107    PSEUDOCOLUMNS = {
108        "_PARTITIONTIME",
109        "_PARTITIONDATE",
110        "_TABLE_SUFFIX",
111        "_FILE_NAME",
112        "_DBT_MAX_PARTITION",
113    }
114
115    # All set operations require either a DISTINCT or ALL specifier
116    SET_OP_DISTINCT_BY_DEFAULT = dict.fromkeys((exp.Except, exp.Intersect, exp.Union), None)
117
118    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/navigation_functions#percentile_cont
119    COERCES_TO = {
120        **TypeAnnotator.COERCES_TO,
121        exp.DType.BIGDECIMAL: {exp.DType.DOUBLE},
122    }
123    COERCES_TO[exp.DType.DECIMAL] |= {exp.DType.BIGDECIMAL}
124    COERCES_TO[exp.DType.BIGINT] |= {exp.DType.BIGDECIMAL}
125    COERCES_TO[exp.DType.VARCHAR] |= {
126        exp.DType.DATE,
127        exp.DType.DATETIME,
128        exp.DType.TIME,
129        exp.DType.TIMESTAMP,
130        exp.DType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
131    }
132
133    EXPRESSION_METADATA = EXPRESSION_METADATA.copy()
134
135    def normalize_identifier(self, expression: E) -> E:
136        if (
137            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
138            and self.normalization_strategy is NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE
139        ):
140            parent = expression.parent
141            while isinstance(parent, exp.Dot):
142                parent = parent.parent
143
144            # In BigQuery, CTEs are case-insensitive, but UDF and table names are case-sensitive
145            # by default. The following check uses a heuristic to detect tables based on whether
146            # they are qualified. This should generally be correct, because tables in BigQuery
147            # must be qualified with at least a dataset, unless @@dataset_id is set.
148            case_sensitive = (
149                isinstance(parent, exp.UserDefinedFunction)
150                or (
151                    isinstance(parent, exp.Table)
152                    and parent.db
153                    and (parent.meta_get("quoted_table") or not parent.meta_get("maybe_column"))
154                )
155                or expression.meta_get("is_table")
156            )
157            if not case_sensitive:
158                expression.set("this", expression.this.translate(ASCII_LOWER))
159
160            return t.cast(E, expression)
161
162        return super().normalize_identifier(expression)
163
164    class JSONPathTokenizer(jsonpath.JSONPathTokenizer):
165        VAR_TOKENS = {
166            *jsonpath.JSONPathTokenizer.VAR_TOKENS,
167            TokenType.DASH,
168            TokenType.NUMBER,
169        }
170
171    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
172        QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
173        COMMENTS = ["--", "#", ("/*", "*/")]
174        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
175        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
176
177        HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
178
179        BYTE_STRINGS = [(prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(list[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("b", "B")]
180
181        RAW_STRINGS = [(prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(list[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("r", "R")]
182
183        NESTED_COMMENTS = False
184
185        KEYWORDS = {
186            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
187            "ANY TYPE": TokenType.VARIANT,
188            "BEGIN": TokenType.COMMAND,
189            "BEGIN TRANSACTION": TokenType.BEGIN,
190            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
191            "BYTES": TokenType.BINARY,
192            "CURRENT_DATETIME": TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME,
193            "DATETIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
194            "DECLARE": TokenType.DECLARE,
195            "ELSEIF": TokenType.COMMAND,
196            "EXCEPTION": TokenType.COMMAND,
197            "EXPORT": TokenType.EXPORT,
198            "FLOAT64": TokenType.DOUBLE,
199            "LOOP": TokenType.COMMAND,
200            "MODEL": TokenType.MODEL,
201            "RECORD": TokenType.STRUCT,
202            "REPEAT": TokenType.COMMAND,
203            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
204            "WHILE": TokenType.COMMAND,
205        }
206        KEYWORDS.pop("DIV")
207        KEYWORDS.pop("VALUES")
208        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
209
210    Parser = BigQueryParser
211
212    Generator = BigQueryGenerator
WEEK_OFFSET = -1

First day of the week in DATE_TRUNC(week). Defaults to 0 (Monday). -1 would be Sunday.

UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY = True

Whether UNNEST table aliases are treated as column aliases.

SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False

Whether user-defined data types are supported.

LOG_BASE_FIRST: bool | None = False

Whether the base comes first in the LOG function. Possible values: True, False, None (two arguments are not supported by LOG)

HEX_LOWERCASE = True

Whether the HEX function returns a lowercase hexadecimal string.

FORCE_EARLY_ALIAS_REF_EXPANSION = True

Whether alias reference expansion (_expand_alias_refs()) should run before column qualification (_qualify_columns()).

For example:

WITH data AS ( SELECT 1 AS id, 2 AS my_id ) SELECT id AS my_id FROM data WHERE my_id = 1 GROUP BY my_id, HAVING my_id = 1

In most dialects, "my_id" would refer to "data.my_id" across the query, except: - BigQuery, which will forward the alias to GROUP BY + HAVING clauses i.e it resolves to "WHERE my_id = 1 GROUP BY id HAVING id = 1" - Clickhouse, which will forward the alias across the query i.e it resolves to "WHERE id = 1 GROUP BY id HAVING id = 1"

EXPAND_ONLY_GROUP_ALIAS_REF = True

Whether alias reference expansion before qualification should only happen for the GROUP BY clause.

PRESERVE_ORIGINAL_NAMES: bool = True

Whether the name of the function should be preserved inside the node's metadata, can be useful for roundtripping deprecated vs new functions that share an AST node e.g JSON_VALUE vs JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR in BigQuery

HEX_STRING_IS_INTEGER_TYPE: bool = True

Whether hex strings such as x'CC' evaluate to integer or binary/blob type

BYTE_STRING_IS_BYTES_TYPE: bool = True

Whether byte string literals (ex: BigQuery's b'...') are typed as BYTES/BINARY

UUID_IS_STRING_TYPE: bool = True

Whether a UUID is considered a string or a UUID type.

ANNOTATE_ALL_SCOPES = True

Whether to annotate all scopes during optimization. Used by BigQuery for UNNEST support.

PROJECTION_ALIASES_SHADOW_SOURCE_NAMES = True

Whether projection alias names can shadow table/source names in GROUP BY and HAVING clauses.

In BigQuery, when a projection alias has the same name as a source table, the alias takes precedence in GROUP BY and HAVING clauses, and the table becomes inaccessible by that name.

For example, in BigQuery: SELECT id, ARRAY_AGG(col) AS custom_fields FROM custom_fields GROUP BY id HAVING id >= 1

The "custom_fields" source is shadowed by the projection alias, so we cannot qualify "id" with "custom_fields" in GROUP BY/HAVING.

TABLES_REFERENCEABLE_AS_COLUMNS = True

Whether table names can be referenced as columns (treated as structs).

BigQuery allows tables to be referenced as columns in queries, automatically treating them as struct values containing all the table's columns.

For example, in BigQuery: SELECT t FROM my_table AS t -- Returns entire row as a struct

SUPPORTS_STRUCT_STAR_EXPANSION = True

Whether the dialect supports expanding struct fields using star notation (e.g., struct_col.*).

BigQuery allows struct fields to be expanded with the star operator:

SELECT t.struct_col.* FROM table t

RisingWave also allows struct field expansion with the star operator using parentheses:

SELECT (t.struct_col).* FROM table t

This expands to all fields within the struct.

EXCLUDES_PSEUDOCOLUMNS_FROM_STAR = True

Whether pseudocolumns should be excluded from star expansion (SELECT *).

Pseudocolumns are special dialect-specific columns (e.g., Oracle's ROWNUM, ROWID, LEVEL, or BigQuery's _PARTITIONTIME, _PARTITIONDATE) that are implicitly available but not part of the table schema. When this is True, SELECT * will not include these pseudocolumns; they must be explicitly selected.

QUERY_RESULTS_ARE_STRUCTS = True

Whether query results are typed as structs in metadata for type inference.

In BigQuery, subqueries store their column types as a STRUCT in metadata, enabling special type inference for ARRAY(SELECT ...) expressions: ARRAY(SELECT x, y FROM t) → ARRAY

For single column subqueries, BigQuery unwraps the struct: ARRAY(SELECT x FROM t) → ARRAY

This is metadata-only for type inference.

JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR_SCALAR_ONLY = True

Whether JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR returns null if a non-scalar value is selected.

JSON_PATH_SINGLE_DOT_IS_WILDCARD = True

Whether a single DOT in a JSON path (e.g. $.) is treated as a valid wildcard key.

LEAST_GREATEST_IGNORES_NULLS = False

Whether LEAST/GREATEST functions ignore NULL values, e.g:

  • BigQuery, Snowflake, MySQL, Presto/Trino: LEAST(1, NULL, 2) -> NULL
  • Spark, Postgres, DuckDB, TSQL: LEAST(1, NULL, 2) -> 1
DEFAULT_NULL_TYPE = <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>

The default type of NULL for producing the correct projection type.

For example, in BigQuery the default type of the NULL value is INT64.

PRIORITIZE_NON_LITERAL_TYPES = True

Whether to prioritize non-literal types over literals during type annotation.

ALIAS_POST_VERSION = False

Whether the table alias comes after version (timestamp or iceberg snapshot).

INITCAP_DEFAULT_DELIMITER_CHARS = ' \t\n\r\x0c\x0b\\[\\](){}/|<>!?@"^#$&~_,.:;*%+\\-'
NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = <NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE: 'CASE_INSENSITIVE'>

Specifies the strategy according to which identifiers should be normalized.

ASCII_ONLY_NORMALIZATION = True

Whether identifiers are only normalized with respect to ASCII characters, e.g. Ä and ä are different identifiers in DuckDB, but the same identifier in Spark.

NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS: bool | str = False

Determines how function names are going to be normalized.

Possible values:

"upper" or True: Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.

TIME_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'%x': '%m/%d/%y', '%D': '%m/%d/%y', '%E6S': '%S.%f', '%e': '%-d', '%F': '%Y-%m-%d', '%T': '%H:%M:%S', '%c': '%a %b %e %H:%M:%S %Y'}

Associates this dialect's time formats with their equivalent Python strftime formats.

INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'%m/%d/%y': '%D', '%S.%f': '%E6S', '%-d': '%e', '%Y-%m-%d': '%F', '%H:%M:%S': '%T', '%a %b %e %H:%M:%S %Y': '%c', '%H:%M:%S.%f': '%H:%M:%E6S', '%mstrict': '%m', '%dstrict': '%d', '%Hstrict': '%H', '%Istrict': '%I', '%Mstrict': '%M', '%Sstrict': '%S'}
FORMAT_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'dd': '%d', 'DD': '%d', 'mm': '%m', 'MM': '%m', 'mon': '%b', 'MON': '%b', 'month': '%B', 'MONTH': '%B', 'yyyy': '%Y', 'YYYY': '%Y', 'yy': '%y', 'YY': '%y', 'HH': '%I', 'HH12': '%I', 'hh24': '%H', 'HH24': '%H', 'mi': '%M', 'MI': '%M', 'ss': '%S', 'SS': '%S', 'SSSSS': '%f', 'tzh': '%z', 'TZH': '%z'}

Helper which is used for parsing the special syntax CAST(x AS DATE FORMAT 'yyyy'). If empty, the corresponding trie will be constructed off of TIME_MAPPING.

PSEUDOCOLUMNS: set[str] = {'_PARTITIONDATE', '_TABLE_SUFFIX', '_DBT_MAX_PARTITION', '_FILE_NAME', '_PARTITIONTIME'}

Columns that are auto-generated by the engine corresponding to this dialect. For example, such columns may be excluded from SELECT * queries.

SET_OP_DISTINCT_BY_DEFAULT: dict[type[sqlglot.expressions.core.Expr], bool | None] = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.Except'>: None, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.Intersect'>: None, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.Union'>: None}

Whether a set operation uses DISTINCT by default. This is None when either DISTINCT or ALL must be explicitly specified.

COERCES_TO: dict[sqlglot.expressions.datatypes.DType, set[sqlglot.expressions.datatypes.DType]] = {<DType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>: set(), <DType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>: {<DType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>}, <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>: {<DType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <DType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <DType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <DType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <DType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>}, <DType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>: {<DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <DType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <DType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>}, <DType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>: {<DType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <DType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <DType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>}, <DType.DECFLOAT: 'DECFLOAT'>: set(), <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>: {<DType.DECFLOAT: 'DECFLOAT'>}, <DType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>: {<DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <DType.DECFLOAT: 'DECFLOAT'>}, <DType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>: {<DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <DType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>: {<DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <DType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <DType.DECFLOAT: 'DECFLOAT'>, <DType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>}, <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>: {<DType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <DType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <DType.DECFLOAT: 'DECFLOAT'>, <DType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>}, <DType.INT: 'INT'>: {<DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <DType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <DType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <DType.DECFLOAT: 'DECFLOAT'>, <DType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>}, <DType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>: {<DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <DType.INT: 'INT'>, <DType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <DType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <DType.DECFLOAT: 'DECFLOAT'>, <DType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>}, <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>: {<DType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <DType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <DType.INT: 'INT'>, <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <DType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <DType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <DType.DECFLOAT: 'DECFLOAT'>}, <DType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>: set(), <DType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>: {<DType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>}, <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>: {<DType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <DType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>}, <DType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>: {<DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <DType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <DType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>}, <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>: {<DType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <DType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <DType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>}}
EXPRESSION_METADATA = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Add'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Adjacent'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.And'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayContainedBy'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayContains'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayContainsAll'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayOverlaps'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayPosition'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Binary'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseAnd'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseLeftShift'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseOr'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseRightShift'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseXor'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Collate'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Connector'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Corr'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.DPipe'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Distance'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.DistanceNd'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Div'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Dot'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.EQ'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Escape'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.ExtendsLeft'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.ExtendsRight'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.GT'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.GTE'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Glob'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.ILike'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.IntDiv'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Is'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONArrayContains'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBContains'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBContainsAllTopKeys'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBContainsAnyTopKeys'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBContainsTopKey'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBDeleteAtPath'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBExtract'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBExtractScalar'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBPathExists'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONExtract'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONExtractScalar'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Kwarg'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.LT'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.LTE'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Like'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Match'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Mod'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Mul'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.NEQ'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.NestedJSONSelect'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.NullSafeEQ'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.NullSafeNEQ'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Operator'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Or'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Overlaps'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Pow'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.PropertyEQ'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.RegexpFullMatch'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.RegexpILike'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.RegexpLike'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.SimilarTo'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Sub'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Xor'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Alias'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseNot'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.IgnoreNulls'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Neg'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Not'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Paren'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.PivotAlias'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.RespectNulls'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Unary'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.DenseRank'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.RowNumber'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixSeconds'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArraySize'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixMillis'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Int64'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixMicros'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.ApproxDistinct'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.CountIf'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Rank'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Ntile'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.FromBase64'>: {'returns': <DType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.FromBase32'>: {'returns': <DType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.IsNan'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.IsInf'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Any'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.EndsWith'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.StartsWith'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Between'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.All'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Boolean'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.LogicalOr'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Contains'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.LogicalAnd'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Exists'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.In'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.CurrentDate'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeStrToDate'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DiToDate'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TsOrDsToDate'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.LastDay'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.StrToDate'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateFromParts'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateStrToDate'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Date'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Datetime'>: {'returns': <DType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DatetimeAdd'>: {'returns': <DType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DatetimeSub'>: {'returns': <DType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.CurrentDatetime'>: {'returns': <DType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Asinh'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Radians'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Sqrt'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.ToDouble'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Cosh'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Round'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Kurtosis'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Asin'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Pi'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.StddevPop'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Quantile'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Ln'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Acos'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Skewness'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.CumeDist'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.VariancePop'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.CovarPop'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Tan'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Atan'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Sin'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Avg'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Rand'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.SafeDivide'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Degrees'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Variance'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Cot'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.StddevSamp'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Exp'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Cos'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.ApproxQuantile'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Log'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Acosh'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Cbrt'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Stddev'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.PercentRank'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.CovarSamp'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.PercentileCont'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Tanh'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Atanh'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Sinh'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DayOfWeek'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Floor'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Levenshtein'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Ceil'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateToDi'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Unicode'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Quarter'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.BitLength'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Hour'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.StrPosition'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DayOfMonth'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DatetimeDiff'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Getbit'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Sign'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixDate'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Ascii'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DayOfYear'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Length'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TsOrDiToDi'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeDiff'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimestampDiff'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.datatypes.Interval'>: {'returns': <DType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.MakeInterval'>: {'returns': <DType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.JustifyInterval'>: {'returns': <DType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.JustifyHours'>: {'returns': <DType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.JustifyDays'>: {'returns': <DType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.ParseJSON'>: {'returns': <DType.JSON: 'JSON'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeAdd'>: {'returns': <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Time'>: {'returns': <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeSub'>: {'returns': <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Localtime'>: {'returns': <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.CurrentTime'>: {'returns': <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimestampLtzFromParts'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.CurrentTimestampLTZ'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimestampTzFromParts'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeStrToTime'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixToTime'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.StrToTime'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimestampSub'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.CurrentTimestamp'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimestampAdd'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Month'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.YearOfWeek'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Year'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DayOfWeekIso'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.WeekOfYear'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Week'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Day'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.YearOfWeekIso'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayToString'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentCatalog'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentUser'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixToTimeStr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Repeat'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Dayname'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.GroupConcat'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentSchema'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Space'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentRole'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Initcap'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.RawString'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.ToBase32'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Typeof'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Chr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.ConcatWs'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeToStr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Translate'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.SHA2'>: {'returns': <DType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Substring'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.SHA'>: {'returns': <DType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixToStr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.String'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.MD5'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Lower'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Trim'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TsOrDsToDateStr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.ToBase64'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Upper'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Concat'>: {'annotator': <function _annotate_concat>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateToDateStr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.SessionUser'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeToTimeStr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Monthname'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentVersion'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.LastValue'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Abs'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Filter'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.ArrayConcatAgg'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.Limit'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.Window'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArraySlice'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.HavingMax'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.NthValue'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.SortArray'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayReverse'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.AnyValue'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.Order'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.FirstValue'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Min'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Coalesce'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Max'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayConcat'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Least'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Greatest'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayFirst'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayLast'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Anonymous'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateTrunc'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateAdd'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateSub'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Cast'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.TryCast'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.Map'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.VarMap'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.Array'>: {'annotator': <function _annotate_array>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.ArrayAgg'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Bracket'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Case'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Count'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateDiff'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.datatypes.DataType'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Distinct'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.Explode'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Extract'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.HexString'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.GenerateSeries'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.GenerateDateArray'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.GenerateTimestampArray'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.If'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Lag'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Lead'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Literal'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Null'>: {'returns': <DType.NULL: 'NULL'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Nullif'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.Struct'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Sum'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Timestamp'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ToMap'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.Unnest'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.WithinGroup'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.Subquery'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.RegexpReplace'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.RegexpExtract'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.NetFunc'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Left'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.PercentileDisc'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Right'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Replace'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.ArgMax'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.SafeNegate'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Pad'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Reverse'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.ArgMin'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.SafeFunc'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DatetimeTrunc'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimestampTrunc'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.RangeBucket'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.RegexpInstr'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.BitwiseXorAgg'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.BitwiseOrAgg'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.BitwiseCount'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.BitwiseAndAgg'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.FarmFingerprint'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.ByteLength'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Grouping'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.LaxInt64'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.SHA1Digest'>: {'returns': <DType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.CodePointsToBytes'>: {'returns': <DType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.ByteString'>: {'returns': <DType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.MD5Digest'>: {'returns': <DType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Unhex'>: {'returns': <DType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.SHA2Digest'>: {'returns': <DType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBool'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.LaxBool'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.ParseDatetime'>: {'returns': <DType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimestampFromParts'>: {'returns': <DType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Sech'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.LaxFloat64'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.EuclideanDistance'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Sec'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.CosineDistance'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Atan2'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Csch'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Float64'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Csc'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Coth'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONObject'>: {'returns': <DType.JSON: 'JSON'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONArrayAppend'>: {'returns': <DType.JSON: 'JSON'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONArray'>: {'returns': <DType.JSON: 'JSON'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONStripNulls'>: {'returns': <DType.JSON: 'JSON'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONArrayInsert'>: {'returns': <DType.JSON: 'JSON'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONSet'>: {'returns': <DType.JSON: 'JSON'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONRemove'>: {'returns': <DType.JSON: 'JSON'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeTrunc'>: {'returns': <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TsOrDsToTime'>: {'returns': <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeFromParts'>: {'returns': <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.ParseTime'>: {'returns': <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Uuid'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.RegDomain'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.LaxString'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Format'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Normalize'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.SafeConvertBytesToString'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONType'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.LowerHex'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Soundex'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Host'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.CodePointsToString'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.SafeMultiply'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.SafeAdd'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.SafeSubtract'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.RegexpExtractAll'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONExtractArray'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Split'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.ApproxQuantiles'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.ApproxTopK'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.ApproxTopSum'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateFromUnixDate'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONFormat'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONKeysAtDepth'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.JSONValueArray'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.ParseBignumeric'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.ParseNumeric'>: {'returns': <DType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.ToCodePoints'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}}
def normalize_identifier(self, expression: ~E) -> ~E:
135    def normalize_identifier(self, expression: E) -> E:
136        if (
137            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
138            and self.normalization_strategy is NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE
139        ):
140            parent = expression.parent
141            while isinstance(parent, exp.Dot):
142                parent = parent.parent
143
144            # In BigQuery, CTEs are case-insensitive, but UDF and table names are case-sensitive
145            # by default. The following check uses a heuristic to detect tables based on whether
146            # they are qualified. This should generally be correct, because tables in BigQuery
147            # must be qualified with at least a dataset, unless @@dataset_id is set.
148            case_sensitive = (
149                isinstance(parent, exp.UserDefinedFunction)
150                or (
151                    isinstance(parent, exp.Table)
152                    and parent.db
153                    and (parent.meta_get("quoted_table") or not parent.meta_get("maybe_column"))
154                )
155                or expression.meta_get("is_table")
156            )
157            if not case_sensitive:
158                expression.set("this", expression.this.translate(ASCII_LOWER))
159
160            return t.cast(E, expression)
161
162        return super().normalize_identifier(expression)

Transforms an identifier in a way that resembles how it'd be resolved by this dialect.

For example, an identifier like FoO would be resolved as foo in Postgres, because it lowercases all unquoted identifiers. On the other hand, Snowflake uppercases them, so it would resolve it as FOO. If it was quoted, it'd need to be treated as case-sensitive, and so any normalization would be prohibited in order to avoid "breaking" the identifier.

There are also dialects like Spark, which are case-insensitive even when quotes are present, and dialects like MySQL, whose resolution rules match those employed by the underlying operating system, for example they may always be case-sensitive in Linux.

Finally, the normalization behavior of some engines can even be controlled through flags, like in Redshift's case, where users can explicitly set enable_case_sensitive_identifier.

SQLGlot aims to understand and handle all of these different behaviors gracefully, so that it can analyze queries in the optimizer and successfully capture their semantics.

SUPPORTS_COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS = False

Whether the old-style outer join (+) syntax is supported.

UNESCAPED_SEQUENCES: dict[str, str] = {'\\a': '\x07', '\\b': '\x08', '\\f': '\x0c', '\\n': '\n', '\\r': '\r', '\\t': '\t', '\\v': '\x0b', '\\\\': '\\'}

Mapping of an escaped sequence (\n) to its unescaped version ( ).

STRINGS_SUPPORT_ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: bool = True

Whether string literals support escape sequences (e.g. \n). Set by the metaclass based on the tokenizer's STRING_ESCAPES.

BYTE_STRINGS_SUPPORT_ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: bool = True

Whether byte string literals support escape sequences. Set by the metaclass based on the tokenizer's BYTE_STRING_ESCAPES.

tokenizer_class = <class 'BigQuery.Tokenizer'>
jsonpath_tokenizer_class = <class 'BigQuery.JSONPathTokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'sqlglot.parsers.bigquery.BigQueryParser'>
generator_class = <class 'sqlglot.generators.bigquery.BigQueryGenerator'>
TIME_TRIE: dict = {'%': {'x': {0: True}, 'D': {0: True}, 'E': {'6': {'S': {0: True}}}, 'e': {0: True}, 'F': {0: True}, 'T': {0: True}, 'c': {0: True}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: dict = {'d': {'d': {0: True}}, 'D': {'D': {0: True}}, 'm': {'m': {0: True}, 'o': {'n': {0: True, 't': {'h': {0: True}}}}, 'i': {0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True, 'T': {'H': {0: True}}}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'y': {'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {0: True, '1': {'2': {0: True}}, '2': {'4': {0: True}}}}, 'h': {'h': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}}}, 's': {'s': {0: True}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True, 'S': {'S': {'S': {0: True}}}}}, 't': {'z': {'h': {0: True}}}, 'T': {'Z': {'H': {0: True}}}}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: dict = {'%': {'m': {'/': {'%': {'d': {'/': {'%': {'y': {0: True}}}}}}, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'S': {'.': {'%': {'f': {0: True}}}, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, '-': {'d': {0: True}}, 'Y': {'-': {'%': {'m': {'-': {'%': {'d': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'H': {':': {'%': {'M': {':': {'%': {'S': {0: True, '.': {'%': {'f': {0: True}}}}}}}}}, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'a': {' ': {'%': {'b': {' ': {'%': {'e': {' ': {'%': {'H': {':': {'%': {'M': {':': {'%': {'S': {' ': {'%': {'Y': {0: True}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}, 'd': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'I': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'M': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}}}
INVERSE_FORMAT_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'%d': 'DD', '%m': 'MM', '%b': 'MON', '%B': 'MONTH', '%Y': 'YYYY', '%y': 'YY', '%I': 'HH12', '%H': 'HH24', '%M': 'MI', '%S': 'SS', '%f': 'SSSSS', '%z': 'TZH', '%mstrict': 'MM', '%dstrict': 'DD', '%Hstrict': 'HH24', '%Istrict': 'HH12', '%Mstrict': 'MI', '%Sstrict': 'SS'}
INVERSE_FORMAT_TRIE: dict = {'%': {'d': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'm': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'b': {0: True}, 'B': {0: True}, 'Y': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'H': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'M': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'S': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'f': {0: True}, 'z': {0: True}}}
INVERSE_CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {}
ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: dict[str, str] = {'\x07': '\\a', '\x08': '\\b', '\x0c': '\\f', '\n': '\\n', '\r': '\\r', '\t': '\\t', '\x0b': '\\v', '\\': '\\\\'}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '`'
IDENTIFIER_END = '`'
VALID_INTERVAL_UNITS: set[str] = {'MICROSECS', 'MINUTES', 'YEAR', 'WY', 'DAYOFMONTH', 'DOW', 'MONTH', 'MICROSECOND', 'TIMEZONE_MINUTE', 'EPOCH_MICROSECONDS', 'MINUTE', 'DAYOFWEEK_ISO', 'TZH', 'Y', 'DW', 'WEEK', 'MM', 'DAYOFWEEK', 'QUARTER', 'MSEC', 'NSEC', 'M', 'USECS', 'NANOSECS', 'WEEKDAY', 'DW_ISO', 'MONTHS', 'D', 'MINS', 'DY', 'DAYOFYEAR', 'WK', 'HH', 'MS', 'TIMEZONE_HOUR', 'MIL', 'S', 'YYYY', 'DECADES', 'MON', 'NANOSECOND', 'WEEKOFYEAR', 'HOUR', 'TZM', 'MILLENNIUM', 'SECONDS', 'DOW_ISO', 'DAY OF WEEK', 'USECOND', 'H', 'MILLISECON', 'QTRS', 'MILLISECS', 'DOY', 'SECOND', 'EPOCH_MILLISECOND', 'HRS', 'DEC', 'EPOCH_SECONDS', 'YYY', 'YY', 'YRS', 'MSECONDS', 'SEC', 'USEC', 'MILLISECOND', 'HOURS', 'DAY OF YEAR', 'MILLISEC', 'C', 'MSECOND', 'WEEKDAY_ISO', 'EPOCH_NANOSECOND', 'NANOSEC', 'SECS', 'CENTURY', 'MILS', 'US', 'WEEKOFYEAR_ISO', 'WEEKOFYEARISO', 'QUARTERS', 'YR', 'EPOCH', 'EPOCH_MILLISECONDS', 'MONS', 'MILLISECONDS', 'MICROSECONDS', 'MI', 'WEEK_ISO', 'MIN', 'MILLENIA', 'WOY', 'CENTS', 'EPOCH_MICROSECOND', 'DAYS', 'MSECS', 'CENT', 'W', 'MICROSEC', 'HR', 'NS', 'DD', 'EPOCH_NANOSECONDS', 'DECADE', 'NSECONDS', 'DAY', 'DECS', 'DAYOFWEEKISO', 'USECONDS', 'YEARS', 'NSECOND', 'CENTURIES', 'WEEKISO', 'QTR', 'Q', 'EPOCH_SECOND'}
BIT_START: str | None = None
BIT_END: str | None = None
HEX_START: str | None = '0x'
HEX_END: str | None = ''
BYTE_START: str | None = "b'"
BYTE_END: str | None = "'"
UNICODE_START: str | None = None
UNICODE_END: str | None = None
class BigQuery.JSONPathTokenizer(sqlglot.jsonpath.JSONPathTokenizer):
164    class JSONPathTokenizer(jsonpath.JSONPathTokenizer):
165        VAR_TOKENS = {
166            *jsonpath.JSONPathTokenizer.VAR_TOKENS,
167            TokenType.DASH,
168            TokenType.NUMBER,
169        }
VAR_TOKENS = {<TokenType.VAR: 89>, <TokenType.DASH: 9>, <TokenType.NUMBER: 78>}
BYTE_STRING_ESCAPES: ClassVar[list[str]] = ['\\']
class BigQuery.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer):
171    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
172        QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
173        COMMENTS = ["--", "#", ("/*", "*/")]
174        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
175        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
176
177        HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
178
179        BYTE_STRINGS = [(prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(list[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("b", "B")]
180
181        RAW_STRINGS = [(prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(list[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("r", "R")]
182
183        NESTED_COMMENTS = False
184
185        KEYWORDS = {
186            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
187            "ANY TYPE": TokenType.VARIANT,
188            "BEGIN": TokenType.COMMAND,
189            "BEGIN TRANSACTION": TokenType.BEGIN,
190            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
191            "BYTES": TokenType.BINARY,
192            "CURRENT_DATETIME": TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME,
193            "DATETIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
194            "DECLARE": TokenType.DECLARE,
195            "ELSEIF": TokenType.COMMAND,
196            "EXCEPTION": TokenType.COMMAND,
197            "EXPORT": TokenType.EXPORT,
198            "FLOAT64": TokenType.DOUBLE,
199            "LOOP": TokenType.COMMAND,
200            "MODEL": TokenType.MODEL,
201            "RECORD": TokenType.STRUCT,
202            "REPEAT": TokenType.COMMAND,
203            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
204            "WHILE": TokenType.COMMAND,
205        }
206        KEYWORDS.pop("DIV")
207        KEYWORDS.pop("VALUES")
208        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
COMMENTS = ['--', '#', ('/*', '*/')]
IDENTIFIERS = ['`']
STRING_ESCAPES = ['\\']
HEX_STRINGS = [('0x', ''), ('0X', '')]
BYTE_STRINGS = [("b'", "'"), ("B'", "'"), ('b"', '"'), ('B"', '"'), ('b"""', '"""'), ('B"""', '"""'), ("b'''", "'''"), ("B'''", "'''")]
RAW_STRINGS = [("r'", "'"), ("R'", "'"), ('r"', '"'), ('R"', '"'), ('r"""', '"""'), ('R"""', '"""'), ("r'''", "'''"), ("R'''", "'''")]
NESTED_COMMENTS = False
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '&<': <TokenType.AMP_LT: 63>, '&>': <TokenType.AMP_GT: 64>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 28>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 14>, '?::': <TokenType.QDCOLON: 370>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 37>, '|>': <TokenType.PIPE_GT: 38>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 26>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 24>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 29>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 29>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 31>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 30>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 45>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 46>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 47>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 49>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 50>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 51>, '<<->>': <TokenType.LLRR_ARROW: 52>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 62>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 18>, '~~~': <TokenType.GLOB: 287>, '~~': <TokenType.LIKE: 318>, '~~*': <TokenType.ILIKE: 295>, '~*': <TokenType.IRLIKE: 307>, '-|-': <TokenType.ADJACENT: 65>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 220>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 34>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 221>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 222>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 225>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 218>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 226>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 228>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 228>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 230>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 232>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 414>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 233>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 235>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 236>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 81>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 239>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 240>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 241>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COPY: 242>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 243>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 244>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 245>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 246>, 'CURRENT_SCHEMA': <TokenType.CURRENT_SCHEMA: 248>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 249>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 250>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 251>, 'CURRENT_CATALOG': <TokenType.CURRENT_CATALOG: 254>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 80>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 256>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 257>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 258>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 259>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 262>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 263>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 265>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 266>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 267>, 'ENUM': <TokenType.ENUM: 205>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 268>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 269>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 270>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 271>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 272>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 273>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 276>, 'FILE': <TokenType.FILE: 274>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 278>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 284>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 285>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 279>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 281>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 282>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 283>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 172>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 175>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 287>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 290>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 291>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 292>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 295>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 296>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 297>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 200>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 299>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 300>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 304>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 303>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 305>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 308>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 309>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 310>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 312>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 314>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 316>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 317>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 318>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 319>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 321>, 'LOCALTIME': <TokenType.LOCALTIME: 179>, 'LOCALTIMESTAMP': <TokenType.LOCALTIMESTAMP: 180>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 322>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 328>, 'NAMESPACE': <TokenType.NAMESPACE: 440>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 331>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 332>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 27>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 334>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 335>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 199>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 337>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 338>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 35>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 66>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 341>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 344>, 'OUT': <TokenType.OUT: 345>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 347>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 348>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 349>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 350>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 352>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 353>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 353>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 353>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 354>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 355>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 360>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 362>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 363>, 'OPERATOR': <TokenType.OPERATOR: 340>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 368>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 371>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 372>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 380>, 'RENAME': <TokenType.RENAME: 374>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 375>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 376>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 378>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 379>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 380>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 382>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 383>, 'ROW': <TokenType.ROW: 384>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 385>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 83>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 387>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 388>, 'SESSION': <TokenType.SESSION: 59>, 'SESSION_USER': <TokenType.SESSION_USER: 61>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 392>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 393>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 394>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 395>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 396>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 397>, 'SQL SECURITY': <TokenType.SQL_SECURITY: 399>, 'STRAIGHT_JOIN': <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 402>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 84>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 405>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 407>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 407>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 409>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 410>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 411>, 'TRIGGER': <TokenType.TRIGGER: 412>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 416>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 214>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 417>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 418>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 419>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 420>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 421>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 171>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 424>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 426>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 428>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 429>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 430>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 431>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 223>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 224>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 97>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 98>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 98>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 103>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 110>, 'UHUGEINT': <TokenType.UINT128: 111>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 110>, 'INT256': <TokenType.INT256: 112>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'INT8': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'UINT': <TokenType.UINT: 106>, 'UINT128': <TokenType.UINT128: 111>, 'UINT256': <TokenType.UINT256: 113>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'DECIMAL32': <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 118>, 'DECIMAL64': <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 119>, 'DECIMAL128': <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 120>, 'DECIMAL256': <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 121>, 'DECFLOAT': <TokenType.DECFLOAT: 122>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 124>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 124>, 'BIGNUM': <TokenType.BIGNUM: 109>, 'LIST': <TokenType.LIST: 320>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 323>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 174>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 114>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 114>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 114>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 115>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 115>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 115>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 141>, 'JSONB': <TokenType.JSONB: 142>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 125>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 125>, 'CHAR VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'CHARACTER VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 126>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 128>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 128>, 'BPCHAR': <TokenType.BPCHAR: 129>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 132>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 131>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 137>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 139>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 140>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 135>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 134>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 136>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 140>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 140>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 143>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 144>, 'TIME_NS': <TokenType.TIME_NS: 145>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 147>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 147>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 148>, 'TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 148>, 'TIMESTAMPNTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 149>, 'TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 149>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 157>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 146>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 159>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 160>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 161>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 162>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 163>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 164>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 165>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 166>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 167>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 168>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 169>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 170>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 432>, 'VECTOR': <TokenType.VECTOR: 215>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 403>, 'SEQUENCE': <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 390>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 198>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 219>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.ANALYZE: 439>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 238>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.GRANT: 289>, 'REVOKE': <TokenType.REVOKE: 377>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 193>, 'ANY TYPE': <TokenType.VARIANT: 198>, 'BEGIN TRANSACTION': <TokenType.BEGIN: 229>, 'BYTEINT': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'BYTES': <TokenType.BINARY: 139>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 247>, 'DECLARE': <TokenType.DECLARE: 255>, 'ELSEIF': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'EXCEPTION': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'EXPORT': <TokenType.EXPORT: 441>, 'FLOAT64': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 115>, 'LOOP': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'MODEL': <TokenType.MODEL: 330>, 'RECORD': <TokenType.STRUCT: 403>, 'REPEAT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'WHILE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>}
BYTE_STRING_ESCAPES: ClassVar[list[str]] = ['\\']
class ClickHouse(sqlglot.dialects.Dialect):
 16class ClickHouse(Dialect):
 17    INDEX_OFFSET = 1
 18    NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS: bool | str = False
 19    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_last"
 20    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
 21    LOG_BASE_FIRST: bool | None = None
 22    FORCE_EARLY_ALIAS_REF_EXPANSION = True
 23    PRESERVE_ORIGINAL_NAMES = True
 24    NUMBERS_CAN_BE_UNDERSCORE_SEPARATED = True
 25    IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT = True
 26    HEX_STRING_IS_INTEGER_TYPE = True
 27
 28    # https://github.com/ClickHouse/ClickHouse/issues/33935#issue-1112165779
 29    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.CASE_SENSITIVE
 30
 31    EXPRESSION_METADATA = EXPRESSION_METADATA.copy()
 32
 33    UNESCAPED_SEQUENCES = {
 34        "\\0": "\0",
 35    }
 36
 37    CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING = {"DATABASE": "SCHEMA"}
 38
 39    SET_OP_DISTINCT_BY_DEFAULT: dict[type[exp.Expr], bool | None] = {
 40        exp.Except: False,
 41        exp.Intersect: False,
 42        exp.Union: None,
 43    }
 44
 45    def generate_values_aliases(self, expression: exp.Values) -> list[exp.Identifier]:
 46        # Clickhouse allows VALUES to have an embedded structure e.g:
 47        # VALUES('person String, place String', ('Noah', 'Paris'), ...)
 48        # In this case, we don't want to qualify the columns
 49        values = expression.expressions[0].expressions
 50
 51        structure = (
 52            values[0]
 53            if (len(values) > 1 and values[0].is_string and isinstance(values[1], exp.Tuple))
 54            else None
 55        )
 56        if structure:
 57            # Split each column definition into the column name e.g:
 58            # 'person String, place String' -> ['person', 'place']
 59            structure_coldefs = [coldef.strip() for coldef in structure.name.split(",")]
 60            column_aliases = [
 61                exp.to_identifier(coldef.split(" ")[0]) for coldef in structure_coldefs
 62            ]
 63        else:
 64            # Default column aliases in CH are "c1", "c2", etc.
 65            column_aliases = [
 66                exp.to_identifier(f"c{i + 1}") for i in range(len(values[0].expressions))
 67            ]
 68
 69        return column_aliases
 70
 71    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
 72        COMMENTS = ["--", "#", "#!", ("/*", "*/")]
 73        IDENTIFIERS = ['"', "`"]
 74        IDENTIFIER_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
 75        STRING_ESCAPES = ["'", "\\"]
 76        BIT_STRINGS = [("0b", "")]
 77        HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
 78        HEREDOC_STRINGS = ["$"]
 79
 80        KEYWORDS = {
 81            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
 82            ".:": TokenType.DOTCOLON,
 83            ".^": TokenType.DOTCARET,
 84            "ATTACH": TokenType.COMMAND,
 85            "DATE32": TokenType.DATE32,
 86            "DETACH": TokenType.DETACH,
 87            "DATETIME64": TokenType.DATETIME64,
 88            "DICTIONARY": TokenType.DICTIONARY,
 89            "DYNAMIC": TokenType.DYNAMIC,
 90            "ENUM8": TokenType.ENUM8,
 91            "ENUM16": TokenType.ENUM16,
 92            "EXCHANGE": TokenType.COMMAND,
 93            "FINAL": TokenType.FINAL,
 94            "FIXEDSTRING": TokenType.FIXEDSTRING,
 95            "FLOAT32": TokenType.FLOAT,
 96            "FLOAT64": TokenType.DOUBLE,
 97            "GLOBAL": TokenType.GLOBAL,
 98            "LOWCARDINALITY": TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY,
 99            "MAP": TokenType.MAP,
100            "NESTED": TokenType.NESTED,
101            "NOTHING": TokenType.NOTHING,
102            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
103            "TUPLE": TokenType.STRUCT,
104            "UINT16": TokenType.USMALLINT,
105            "UINT32": TokenType.UINT,
106            "UINT64": TokenType.UBIGINT,
107            "UINT8": TokenType.UTINYINT,
108            "IPV4": TokenType.IPV4,
109            "IPV6": TokenType.IPV6,
110            "POINT": TokenType.POINT,
111            "PROJECTION": TokenType.PROJECTION,
112            "RING": TokenType.RING,
113            "LINESTRING": TokenType.LINESTRING,
114            "MULTILINESTRING": TokenType.MULTILINESTRING,
115            "POLYGON": TokenType.POLYGON,
116            "MULTIPOLYGON": TokenType.MULTIPOLYGON,
117            "AGGREGATEFUNCTION": TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION,
118            "SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION": TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION,
119            "SYSTEM": TokenType.COMMAND,
120            "PREWHERE": TokenType.PREWHERE,
121        }
122
123        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
124
125        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
126            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
127            "$": TokenType.HEREDOC_STRING,
128        }
129
130    Parser = ClickHouseParser
131
132    Generator = ClickHouseGenerator
INDEX_OFFSET = 1

The base index offset for arrays.

NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS: bool | str = False

Determines how function names are going to be normalized.

Possible values:

"upper" or True: Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.

NULL_ORDERING = 'nulls_are_last'

Default NULL ordering method to use if not explicitly set. Possible values: "nulls_are_small", "nulls_are_large", "nulls_are_last"

SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False

Whether user-defined data types are supported.

LOG_BASE_FIRST: bool | None = None

Whether the base comes first in the LOG function. Possible values: True, False, None (two arguments are not supported by LOG)

FORCE_EARLY_ALIAS_REF_EXPANSION = True

Whether alias reference expansion (_expand_alias_refs()) should run before column qualification (_qualify_columns()).

For example:

WITH data AS ( SELECT 1 AS id, 2 AS my_id ) SELECT id AS my_id FROM data WHERE my_id = 1 GROUP BY my_id, HAVING my_id = 1

In most dialects, "my_id" would refer to "data.my_id" across the query, except: - BigQuery, which will forward the alias to GROUP BY + HAVING clauses i.e it resolves to "WHERE my_id = 1 GROUP BY id HAVING id = 1" - Clickhouse, which will forward the alias across the query i.e it resolves to "WHERE id = 1 GROUP BY id HAVING id = 1"

PRESERVE_ORIGINAL_NAMES = True

Whether the name of the function should be preserved inside the node's metadata, can be useful for roundtripping deprecated vs new functions that share an AST node e.g JSON_VALUE vs JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR in BigQuery

NUMBERS_CAN_BE_UNDERSCORE_SEPARATED = True

Whether number literals can include underscores for better readability

IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT = True

Whether an unquoted identifier can start with a digit.

HEX_STRING_IS_INTEGER_TYPE = True

Whether hex strings such as x'CC' evaluate to integer or binary/blob type

NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = <NormalizationStrategy.CASE_SENSITIVE: 'CASE_SENSITIVE'>

Specifies the strategy according to which identifiers should be normalized.

EXPRESSION_METADATA = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Add'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Adjacent'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.And'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayContainedBy'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayContains'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayContainsAll'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayOverlaps'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayPosition'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Binary'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseAnd'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseLeftShift'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseOr'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseRightShift'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseXor'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Collate'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Connector'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Corr'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.DPipe'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Distance'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.DistanceNd'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Div'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Dot'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.EQ'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Escape'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.ExtendsLeft'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.ExtendsRight'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.GT'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.GTE'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Glob'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.ILike'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.IntDiv'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Is'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONArrayContains'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBContains'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBContainsAllTopKeys'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBContainsAnyTopKeys'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBContainsTopKey'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBDeleteAtPath'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBExtract'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBExtractScalar'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBPathExists'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONExtract'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONExtractScalar'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Kwarg'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.LT'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.LTE'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Like'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Match'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Mod'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Mul'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.NEQ'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.NestedJSONSelect'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.NullSafeEQ'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.NullSafeNEQ'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Operator'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Or'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Overlaps'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Pow'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.PropertyEQ'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.RegexpFullMatch'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.RegexpILike'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.RegexpLike'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.SimilarTo'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Sub'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Xor'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Alias'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseNot'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.IgnoreNulls'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Neg'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Not'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Paren'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.PivotAlias'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.RespectNulls'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Unary'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.DenseRank'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.RowNumber'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixSeconds'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArraySize'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixMillis'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Int64'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixMicros'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.ApproxDistinct'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.CountIf'>: {'returns': <DType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Rank'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Ntile'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.FromBase64'>: {'returns': <DType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.FromBase32'>: {'returns': <DType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.IsNan'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.IsInf'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Any'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.EndsWith'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.StartsWith'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Between'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.All'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Boolean'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.LogicalOr'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Contains'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.LogicalAnd'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Exists'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.In'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.CurrentDate'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeStrToDate'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DiToDate'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TsOrDsToDate'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.LastDay'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.StrToDate'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateFromParts'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateStrToDate'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Date'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Datetime'>: {'returns': <DType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DatetimeAdd'>: {'returns': <DType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DatetimeSub'>: {'returns': <DType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.CurrentDatetime'>: {'returns': <DType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Asinh'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Radians'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Sqrt'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.ToDouble'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Cosh'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Round'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Kurtosis'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Asin'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Pi'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.StddevPop'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Quantile'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Ln'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Acos'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Skewness'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.CumeDist'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.VariancePop'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.CovarPop'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Tan'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Atan'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Sin'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Avg'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Rand'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.SafeDivide'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Degrees'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Variance'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Cot'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.StddevSamp'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Exp'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Cos'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.ApproxQuantile'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Log'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Acosh'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Cbrt'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Stddev'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.PercentRank'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.CovarSamp'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.PercentileCont'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Tanh'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Atanh'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Sinh'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DayOfWeek'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Floor'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Levenshtein'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Ceil'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateToDi'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Unicode'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Quarter'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.BitLength'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Hour'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.StrPosition'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DayOfMonth'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DatetimeDiff'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Getbit'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Sign'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixDate'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Ascii'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DayOfYear'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Length'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TsOrDiToDi'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeDiff'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimestampDiff'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.datatypes.Interval'>: {'returns': <DType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.MakeInterval'>: {'returns': <DType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.JustifyInterval'>: {'returns': <DType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.JustifyHours'>: {'returns': <DType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.JustifyDays'>: {'returns': <DType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.ParseJSON'>: {'returns': <DType.JSON: 'JSON'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeAdd'>: {'returns': <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Time'>: {'returns': <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeSub'>: {'returns': <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Localtime'>: {'returns': <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.CurrentTime'>: {'returns': <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimestampLtzFromParts'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.CurrentTimestampLTZ'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimestampTzFromParts'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeStrToTime'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixToTime'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.StrToTime'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimestampSub'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.CurrentTimestamp'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimestampAdd'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Month'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.YearOfWeek'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Year'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DayOfWeekIso'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.WeekOfYear'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Week'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Day'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.YearOfWeekIso'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayToString'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentCatalog'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentUser'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixToTimeStr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Repeat'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Dayname'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.GroupConcat'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentSchema'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Space'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentRole'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Initcap'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.RawString'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.ToBase32'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Typeof'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Chr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.ConcatWs'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeToStr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Translate'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.SHA2'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Substring'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.SHA'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixToStr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.String'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.MD5'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Lower'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Trim'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TsOrDsToDateStr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.ToBase64'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Upper'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Concat'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateToDateStr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.SessionUser'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeToTimeStr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Monthname'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentVersion'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.LastValue'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Abs'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Filter'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.ArrayConcatAgg'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.Limit'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.Window'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArraySlice'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.HavingMax'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.NthValue'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.SortArray'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayReverse'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.AnyValue'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.Order'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.FirstValue'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Min'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Coalesce'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Max'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayConcat'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Least'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Greatest'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayFirst'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayLast'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Anonymous'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateTrunc'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateAdd'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateSub'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Cast'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.TryCast'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.Map'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.VarMap'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.Array'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.ArrayAgg'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Bracket'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Case'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Count'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateDiff'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.datatypes.DataType'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Distinct'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.Explode'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Extract'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.HexString'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.GenerateSeries'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.GenerateDateArray'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.GenerateTimestampArray'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.If'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Lag'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Lead'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Literal'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Null'>: {'returns': <DType.NULL: 'NULL'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Nullif'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.Struct'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Sum'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Timestamp'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ToMap'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.Unnest'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.WithinGroup'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.Subquery'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.MD5Digest'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}}
UNESCAPED_SEQUENCES = {'\\a': '\x07', '\\b': '\x08', '\\f': '\x0c', '\\n': '\n', '\\r': '\r', '\\t': '\t', '\\v': '\x0b', '\\\\': '\\', '\\0': '\x00'}

Mapping of an escaped sequence (\n) to its unescaped version ( ).

CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING = {'DATABASE': 'SCHEMA'}

Helper for dialects that use a different name for the same creatable kind. For example, the Clickhouse equivalent of CREATE SCHEMA is CREATE DATABASE.

SET_OP_DISTINCT_BY_DEFAULT: dict[type[sqlglot.expressions.core.Expr], bool | None] = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.Except'>: False, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.Intersect'>: False, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.Union'>: None}

Whether a set operation uses DISTINCT by default. This is None when either DISTINCT or ALL must be explicitly specified.

def generate_values_aliases( self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.query.Values) -> list[sqlglot.expressions.core.Identifier]:
45    def generate_values_aliases(self, expression: exp.Values) -> list[exp.Identifier]:
46        # Clickhouse allows VALUES to have an embedded structure e.g:
47        # VALUES('person String, place String', ('Noah', 'Paris'), ...)
48        # In this case, we don't want to qualify the columns
49        values = expression.expressions[0].expressions
50
51        structure = (
52            values[0]
53            if (len(values) > 1 and values[0].is_string and isinstance(values[1], exp.Tuple))
54            else None
55        )
56        if structure:
57            # Split each column definition into the column name e.g:
58            # 'person String, place String' -> ['person', 'place']
59            structure_coldefs = [coldef.strip() for coldef in structure.name.split(",")]
60            column_aliases = [
61                exp.to_identifier(coldef.split(" ")[0]) for coldef in structure_coldefs
62            ]
63        else:
64            # Default column aliases in CH are "c1", "c2", etc.
65            column_aliases = [
66                exp.to_identifier(f"c{i + 1}") for i in range(len(values[0].expressions))
67            ]
68
69        return column_aliases
SUPPORTS_COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS = False

Whether the old-style outer join (+) syntax is supported.

STRINGS_SUPPORT_ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: bool = True

Whether string literals support escape sequences (e.g. \n). Set by the metaclass based on the tokenizer's STRING_ESCAPES.

BYTE_STRINGS_SUPPORT_ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: bool = True

Whether byte string literals support escape sequences. Set by the metaclass based on the tokenizer's BYTE_STRING_ESCAPES.

INITCAP_SUPPORTS_CUSTOM_DELIMITERS = False
tokenizer_class = <class 'ClickHouse.Tokenizer'>
jsonpath_tokenizer_class = <class 'sqlglot.dialects.dialect.JSONPathTokenizer'>
TIME_TRIE: dict = {}
FORMAT_TRIE: dict = {}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'%mstrict': '%m', '%dstrict': '%d', '%Hstrict': '%H', '%Istrict': '%I', '%Mstrict': '%M', '%Sstrict': '%S'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: dict = {'%': {'m': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'd': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'H': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'I': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'M': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'S': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}}}
INVERSE_FORMAT_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'%mstrict': '%m', '%dstrict': '%d', '%Hstrict': '%H', '%Istrict': '%I', '%Mstrict': '%M', '%Sstrict': '%S'}
INVERSE_FORMAT_TRIE: dict = {'%': {'m': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'd': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'H': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'I': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'M': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'S': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}}}
INVERSE_CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'SCHEMA': 'DATABASE'}
ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: dict[str, str] = {'\x07': '\\a', '\x08': '\\b', '\x0c': '\\f', '\n': '\\n', '\r': '\\r', '\t': '\\t', '\x0b': '\\v', '\\': '\\\\', '\x00': '\\0'}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '"'
IDENTIFIER_END = '"'
VALID_INTERVAL_UNITS: set[str] = {'MICROSECS', 'MINUTES', 'YEAR', 'WY', 'DAYOFMONTH', 'DOW', 'MONTH', 'MICROSECOND', 'TIMEZONE_MINUTE', 'EPOCH_MICROSECONDS', 'MINUTE', 'DAYOFWEEK_ISO', 'TZH', 'Y', 'DW', 'WEEK', 'MM', 'DAYOFWEEK', 'QUARTER', 'MSEC', 'NSEC', 'M', 'USECS', 'NANOSECS', 'WEEKDAY', 'DW_ISO', 'MONTHS', 'D', 'MINS', 'DY', 'DAYOFYEAR', 'WK', 'HH', 'MS', 'TIMEZONE_HOUR', 'MIL', 'S', 'YYYY', 'DECADES', 'MON', 'NANOSECOND', 'WEEKOFYEAR', 'HOUR', 'TZM', 'MILLENNIUM', 'SECONDS', 'DOW_ISO', 'DAY OF WEEK', 'USECOND', 'H', 'MILLISECON', 'QTRS', 'MILLISECS', 'DOY', 'SECOND', 'EPOCH_MILLISECOND', 'HRS', 'DEC', 'EPOCH_SECONDS', 'YYY', 'YY', 'YRS', 'MSECONDS', 'SEC', 'USEC', 'MILLISECOND', 'HOURS', 'DAY OF YEAR', 'MILLISEC', 'C', 'MSECOND', 'WEEKDAY_ISO', 'EPOCH_NANOSECOND', 'NANOSEC', 'SECS', 'CENTURY', 'MILS', 'US', 'WEEKOFYEAR_ISO', 'WEEKOFYEARISO', 'QUARTERS', 'YR', 'EPOCH', 'EPOCH_MILLISECONDS', 'MONS', 'MILLISECONDS', 'MICROSECONDS', 'MI', 'WEEK_ISO', 'MIN', 'MILLENIA', 'WOY', 'CENTS', 'EPOCH_MICROSECOND', 'DAYS', 'MSECS', 'CENT', 'W', 'MICROSEC', 'HR', 'NS', 'DD', 'EPOCH_NANOSECONDS', 'DECADE', 'NSECONDS', 'DAY', 'DECS', 'DAYOFWEEKISO', 'USECONDS', 'YEARS', 'NSECOND', 'CENTURIES', 'WEEKISO', 'QTR', 'Q', 'EPOCH_SECOND'}
BIT_START: str | None = '0b'
BIT_END: str | None = ''
HEX_START: str | None = '0x'
HEX_END: str | None = ''
BYTE_START: str | None = None
BYTE_END: str | None = None
UNICODE_START: str | None = None
UNICODE_END: str | None = None
class ClickHouse.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer):
 71    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
 72        COMMENTS = ["--", "#", "#!", ("/*", "*/")]
 73        IDENTIFIERS = ['"', "`"]
 74        IDENTIFIER_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
 75        STRING_ESCAPES = ["'", "\\"]
 76        BIT_STRINGS = [("0b", "")]
 77        HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
 78        HEREDOC_STRINGS = ["$"]
 79
 80        KEYWORDS = {
 81            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
 82            ".:": TokenType.DOTCOLON,
 83            ".^": TokenType.DOTCARET,
 84            "ATTACH": TokenType.COMMAND,
 85            "DATE32": TokenType.DATE32,
 86            "DETACH": TokenType.DETACH,
 87            "DATETIME64": TokenType.DATETIME64,
 88            "DICTIONARY": TokenType.DICTIONARY,
 89            "DYNAMIC": TokenType.DYNAMIC,
 90            "ENUM8": TokenType.ENUM8,
 91            "ENUM16": TokenType.ENUM16,
 92            "EXCHANGE": TokenType.COMMAND,
 93            "FINAL": TokenType.FINAL,
 94            "FIXEDSTRING": TokenType.FIXEDSTRING,
 95            "FLOAT32": TokenType.FLOAT,
 96            "FLOAT64": TokenType.DOUBLE,
 97            "GLOBAL": TokenType.GLOBAL,
 98            "LOWCARDINALITY": TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY,
 99            "MAP": TokenType.MAP,
100            "NESTED": TokenType.NESTED,
101            "NOTHING": TokenType.NOTHING,
102            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
103            "TUPLE": TokenType.STRUCT,
104            "UINT16": TokenType.USMALLINT,
105            "UINT32": TokenType.UINT,
106            "UINT64": TokenType.UBIGINT,
107            "UINT8": TokenType.UTINYINT,
108            "IPV4": TokenType.IPV4,
109            "IPV6": TokenType.IPV6,
110            "POINT": TokenType.POINT,
111            "PROJECTION": TokenType.PROJECTION,
112            "RING": TokenType.RING,
113            "LINESTRING": TokenType.LINESTRING,
114            "MULTILINESTRING": TokenType.MULTILINESTRING,
115            "POLYGON": TokenType.POLYGON,
116            "MULTIPOLYGON": TokenType.MULTIPOLYGON,
117            "AGGREGATEFUNCTION": TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION,
118            "SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION": TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION,
119            "SYSTEM": TokenType.COMMAND,
120            "PREWHERE": TokenType.PREWHERE,
121        }
122
123        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
124
125        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
126            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
127            "$": TokenType.HEREDOC_STRING,
128        }
COMMENTS = ['--', '#', '#!', ('/*', '*/')]
IDENTIFIERS = ['"', '`']
IDENTIFIER_ESCAPES = ['\\']
STRING_ESCAPES = ["'", '\\']
BIT_STRINGS = [('0b', '')]
HEX_STRINGS = [('0x', ''), ('0X', '')]
HEREDOC_STRINGS = ['$']
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '&<': <TokenType.AMP_LT: 63>, '&>': <TokenType.AMP_GT: 64>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 28>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 14>, '?::': <TokenType.QDCOLON: 370>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 37>, '|>': <TokenType.PIPE_GT: 38>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 26>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 24>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 29>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 29>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 31>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 30>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 45>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 46>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 47>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 49>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 50>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 51>, '<<->>': <TokenType.LLRR_ARROW: 52>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 62>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 18>, '~~~': <TokenType.GLOB: 287>, '~~': <TokenType.LIKE: 318>, '~~*': <TokenType.ILIKE: 295>, '~*': <TokenType.IRLIKE: 307>, '-|-': <TokenType.ADJACENT: 65>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 220>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 34>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 221>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 222>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 225>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 218>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 226>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 228>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 228>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.BEGIN: 229>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 230>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 232>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 414>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 233>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 235>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 236>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 81>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 239>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 240>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 241>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COPY: 242>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 243>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 244>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 245>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 246>, 'CURRENT_SCHEMA': <TokenType.CURRENT_SCHEMA: 248>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 249>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 250>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 251>, 'CURRENT_CATALOG': <TokenType.CURRENT_CATALOG: 254>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 80>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 256>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 257>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 258>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 259>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 262>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 263>, 'DIV': <TokenType.DIV: 264>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 265>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 266>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 267>, 'ENUM': <TokenType.ENUM: 205>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 268>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 269>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 270>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 271>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 272>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 273>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 276>, 'FILE': <TokenType.FILE: 274>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 278>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 284>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 285>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 279>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 281>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 282>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 283>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 172>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 175>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 287>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 290>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 291>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 292>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 295>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 296>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 297>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 200>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 299>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 300>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 304>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 303>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 305>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 308>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 309>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 310>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 312>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 314>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 316>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 317>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 318>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 319>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 321>, 'LOCALTIME': <TokenType.LOCALTIME: 179>, 'LOCALTIMESTAMP': <TokenType.LOCALTIMESTAMP: 180>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 322>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 328>, 'NAMESPACE': <TokenType.NAMESPACE: 440>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 331>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 332>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 27>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 334>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 335>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 199>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 337>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 338>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 35>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 66>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 341>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 344>, 'OUT': <TokenType.OUT: 345>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 347>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 348>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 349>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 350>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 352>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 353>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 353>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 353>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 354>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 355>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 360>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 362>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 363>, 'OPERATOR': <TokenType.OPERATOR: 340>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 368>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 371>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 372>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 380>, 'RENAME': <TokenType.RENAME: 374>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 375>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 376>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 378>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 379>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 380>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 382>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 383>, 'ROW': <TokenType.ROW: 384>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 385>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 83>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 387>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 388>, 'SESSION': <TokenType.SESSION: 59>, 'SESSION_USER': <TokenType.SESSION_USER: 61>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 392>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 393>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 394>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 395>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 396>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 397>, 'SQL SECURITY': <TokenType.SQL_SECURITY: 399>, 'STRAIGHT_JOIN': <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 402>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 84>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 405>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 407>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 407>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 409>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 410>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 411>, 'TRIGGER': <TokenType.TRIGGER: 412>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 416>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 214>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 417>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 418>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 419>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 420>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 421>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 171>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 422>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 424>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 426>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 428>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 429>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 430>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 431>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 223>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 224>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 97>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 98>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 98>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 103>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 110>, 'UHUGEINT': <TokenType.UINT128: 111>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 110>, 'INT256': <TokenType.INT256: 112>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'INT8': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'UINT': <TokenType.UINT: 106>, 'UINT128': <TokenType.UINT128: 111>, 'UINT256': <TokenType.UINT256: 113>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'DECIMAL32': <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 118>, 'DECIMAL64': <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 119>, 'DECIMAL128': <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 120>, 'DECIMAL256': <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 121>, 'DECFLOAT': <TokenType.DECFLOAT: 122>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 124>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 124>, 'BIGNUM': <TokenType.BIGNUM: 109>, 'LIST': <TokenType.LIST: 320>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 323>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 174>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 114>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 114>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 114>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 115>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 115>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 115>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 141>, 'JSONB': <TokenType.JSONB: 142>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 125>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 125>, 'CHAR VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'CHARACTER VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 126>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 128>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 128>, 'BPCHAR': <TokenType.BPCHAR: 129>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 132>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 131>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 137>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 139>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 140>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 135>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 134>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 136>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 140>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 140>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 143>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 144>, 'TIME_NS': <TokenType.TIME_NS: 145>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 146>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 147>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 148>, 'TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 148>, 'TIMESTAMPNTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 149>, 'TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 149>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 157>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 153>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 159>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 160>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 161>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 162>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 163>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 164>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 165>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 166>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 167>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 168>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 169>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 170>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 432>, 'VECTOR': <TokenType.VECTOR: 215>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 403>, 'SEQUENCE': <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 390>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 198>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 219>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.ANALYZE: 439>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 238>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.GRANT: 289>, 'REVOKE': <TokenType.REVOKE: 377>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 193>, '.:': <TokenType.DOTCOLON: 12>, '.^': <TokenType.DOTCARET: 13>, 'ATTACH': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'DATE32': <TokenType.DATE32: 158>, 'DETACH': <TokenType.DETACH: 260>, 'DATETIME64': <TokenType.DATETIME64: 155>, 'DICTIONARY': <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 261>, 'DYNAMIC': <TokenType.DYNAMIC: 216>, 'ENUM8': <TokenType.ENUM8: 206>, 'ENUM16': <TokenType.ENUM16: 207>, 'EXCHANGE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'FINAL': <TokenType.FINAL: 277>, 'FIXEDSTRING': <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 208>, 'FLOAT32': <TokenType.FLOAT: 114>, 'FLOAT64': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 115>, 'GLOBAL': <TokenType.GLOBAL: 288>, 'LOWCARDINALITY': <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 209>, 'NESTED': <TokenType.NESTED: 210>, 'NOTHING': <TokenType.NOTHING: 333>, 'SAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 405>, 'TUPLE': <TokenType.STRUCT: 403>, 'UINT16': <TokenType.USMALLINT: 102>, 'UINT32': <TokenType.UINT: 106>, 'UINT64': <TokenType.UBIGINT: 108>, 'UINT8': <TokenType.UTINYINT: 100>, 'IPV4': <TokenType.IPV4: 203>, 'IPV6': <TokenType.IPV6: 204>, 'POINT': <TokenType.POINT: 176>, 'PROJECTION': <TokenType.PROJECTION: 365>, 'RING': <TokenType.RING: 177>, 'LINESTRING': <TokenType.LINESTRING: 178>, 'MULTILINESTRING': <TokenType.MULTILINESTRING: 182>, 'POLYGON': <TokenType.POLYGON: 183>, 'MULTIPOLYGON': <TokenType.MULTIPOLYGON: 184>, 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION': <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 211>, 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION': <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 212>, 'SYSTEM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'PREWHERE': <TokenType.PREWHERE: 361>}
SINGLE_TOKENS = {'(': <TokenType.L_PAREN: 1>, ')': <TokenType.R_PAREN: 2>, '[': <TokenType.L_BRACKET: 3>, ']': <TokenType.R_BRACKET: 4>, '{': <TokenType.L_BRACE: 5>, '}': <TokenType.R_BRACE: 6>, '&': <TokenType.AMP: 36>, '^': <TokenType.CARET: 42>, ':': <TokenType.COLON: 11>, ',': <TokenType.COMMA: 7>, '.': <TokenType.DOT: 8>, '-': <TokenType.DASH: 9>, '=': <TokenType.EQ: 28>, '>': <TokenType.GT: 25>, '<': <TokenType.LT: 23>, '%': <TokenType.MOD: 329>, '!': <TokenType.NOT: 27>, '|': <TokenType.PIPE: 39>, '+': <TokenType.PLUS: 10>, ';': <TokenType.SEMICOLON: 19>, '/': <TokenType.SLASH: 22>, '\\': <TokenType.BACKSLASH: 21>, '*': <TokenType.STAR: 20>, '~': <TokenType.TILDE: 44>, '?': <TokenType.PLACEHOLDER: 356>, '@': <TokenType.PARAMETER: 58>, '#': <TokenType.HASH: 48>, "'": <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 214>, '`': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 214>, '"': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 214>, '$': <TokenType.HEREDOC_STRING: 95>}
BYTE_STRING_ESCAPES: ClassVar[list[str]] = ["'", '\\']
class Databricks(sqlglot.dialects.Spark):
16class Databricks(Spark):
17    SAFE_DIVISION = False
18    COPY_PARAMS_ARE_CSV = False
19    EXPRESSION_METADATA = EXPRESSION_METADATA.copy()
20
21    COERCES_TO = defaultdict(set, deepcopy(TypeAnnotator.COERCES_TO))
22    for text_type in exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES:
23        COERCES_TO[text_type] |= {
24            *exp.DataType.NUMERIC_TYPES,
25            *exp.DataType.TEMPORAL_TYPES,
26            exp.DType.BINARY,
27            exp.DType.BOOLEAN,
28            exp.DType.INTERVAL,
29        }
30
31    class JSONPathTokenizer(Spark.JSONPathTokenizer):
32        IDENTIFIERS = ["`", '"']
33
34    class Tokenizer(Spark.Tokenizer):
35        KEYWORDS = {
36            **Spark.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
37            "STREAM": TokenType.STREAM,
38            "VOID": TokenType.VOID,
39        }
40
41    Parser = DatabricksParser
42
43    Generator = DatabricksGenerator
SAFE_DIVISION = False

Whether division by zero throws an error (False) or returns NULL (True).

COPY_PARAMS_ARE_CSV = False

Whether COPY statement parameters are separated by comma or whitespace

EXPRESSION_METADATA = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Add'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Adjacent'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.And'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayContainedBy'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayContains'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayContainsAll'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayOverlaps'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayPosition'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Binary'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseAnd'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseLeftShift'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseOr'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseRightShift'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseXor'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Collate'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Connector'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Corr'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.DPipe'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Distance'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.DistanceNd'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Div'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Dot'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.EQ'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Escape'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.ExtendsLeft'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.ExtendsRight'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.GT'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.GTE'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Glob'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.ILike'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.IntDiv'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Is'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONArrayContains'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBContains'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBContainsAllTopKeys'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBContainsAnyTopKeys'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBContainsTopKey'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBDeleteAtPath'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBExtract'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBExtractScalar'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBPathExists'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONExtract'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONExtractScalar'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Kwarg'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.LT'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.LTE'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Like'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Match'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Mod'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Mul'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.NEQ'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.NestedJSONSelect'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.NullSafeEQ'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.NullSafeNEQ'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Operator'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Or'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Overlaps'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Pow'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.PropertyEQ'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.RegexpFullMatch'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.RegexpILike'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.RegexpLike'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.SimilarTo'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Sub'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Xor'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Alias'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseNot'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.IgnoreNulls'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Neg'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Not'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Paren'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.PivotAlias'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.RespectNulls'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Unary'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.DenseRank'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.RowNumber'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixSeconds'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArraySize'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixMillis'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Int64'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixMicros'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.ApproxDistinct'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.CountIf'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Rank'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Ntile'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.FromBase64'>: {'returns': <DType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.FromBase32'>: {'returns': <DType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.IsNan'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.IsInf'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Any'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.EndsWith'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.StartsWith'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Between'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.All'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Boolean'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.LogicalOr'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Contains'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.LogicalAnd'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 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<DType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DatetimeAdd'>: {'returns': <DType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DatetimeSub'>: {'returns': <DType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.CurrentDatetime'>: {'returns': <DType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Asinh'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Radians'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Sqrt'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.ToDouble'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Cosh'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Round'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Kurtosis'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Asin'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Pi'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.StddevPop'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Quantile'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Ln'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Acos'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Skewness'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.CumeDist'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.VariancePop'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.CovarPop'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Tan'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Atan'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Sin'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Avg'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Rand'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.SafeDivide'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Degrees'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Variance'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Cot'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.StddevSamp'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Exp'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Cos'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.ApproxQuantile'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Log'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Acosh'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Cbrt'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Stddev'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.PercentRank'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.CovarSamp'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.PercentileCont'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Tanh'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Atanh'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Sinh'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DayOfWeek'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Floor'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Levenshtein'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Ceil'>: 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'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DayOfYear'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Length'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TsOrDiToDi'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeDiff'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimestampDiff'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.datatypes.Interval'>: {'returns': <DType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.MakeInterval'>: {'returns': <DType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.JustifyInterval'>: {'returns': <DType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.JustifyHours'>: {'returns': <DType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.JustifyDays'>: {'returns': <DType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.ParseJSON'>: {'returns': <DType.JSON: 'JSON'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeAdd'>: {'returns': <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Time'>: {'returns': <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeSub'>: {'returns': <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Localtime'>: {'returns': <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.CurrentTime'>: {'returns': <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimestampLtzFromParts'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.CurrentTimestampLTZ'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimestampTzFromParts'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeStrToTime'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixToTime'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.StrToTime'>: {'returns': 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{'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayToString'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentCatalog'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentUser'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixToTimeStr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Repeat'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Dayname'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.GroupConcat'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentSchema'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Space'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentRole'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Initcap'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.RawString'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.ToBase32'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Typeof'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Chr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.ConcatWs'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeToStr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Translate'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.SHA2'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Substring'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.SHA'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixToStr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.String'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.MD5'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Lower'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Trim'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TsOrDsToDateStr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.ToBase64'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Upper'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Concat'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateToDateStr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.SessionUser'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeToTimeStr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Monthname'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentVersion'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.LastValue'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Abs'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Filter'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.ArrayConcatAgg'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.Limit'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.Window'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArraySlice'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.HavingMax'>: {'annotator': <function 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{'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.GenerateSeries'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.GenerateDateArray'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.GenerateTimestampArray'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.If'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Lag'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Lead'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Literal'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Null'>: {'returns': <DType.NULL: 'NULL'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Nullif'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.Struct'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Sum'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 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'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayDistinct'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Reverse'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Last'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayExcept'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayIntersect'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Grouping'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.PercentileDisc'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.RegexpSplit'>: {'returns': DataType( this=DType.ARRAY, expressions=[ DataType(this=DType.TEXT, nested=False)], nested=True)}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.StrToMap'>: {'returns': DataType( this=DType.MAP, expressions=[ DataType(this=DType.TEXT, nested=False), DataType(this=DType.TEXT, nested=False)], nested=True)}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Randn'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Atan2'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Format'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Right'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.Shuffle'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayFilter'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Nanvl'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.AtTimeZone'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Pad'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.BitmapConstructAgg'>: {'returns': <DType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.ToBinary'>: {'returns': <DType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateFromUnixDate'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TsOrDsAdd'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Sec'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Collation'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.CurrentTimezone'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.ToChar'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Randstr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Left'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.BitwiseXorAgg'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayInsert'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Overlay'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.BitwiseOrAgg'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.BitwiseAndAgg'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayCompact'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.BitmapCount'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Localtimestamp'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.RegrSlope'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.RegrR2'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.RegrIntercept'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.RegrAvgy'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.RegrSyy'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.RegrAvgx'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.RegrSxy'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Rint'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.RegrSxx'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.RegexpCount'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.RegexpInstr'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Secret'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.RegexpSubstr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.RegrCount'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Search'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.RegexpExtractAll'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}}
COERCES_TO: dict[sqlglot.expressions.datatypes.DType, set[sqlglot.expressions.datatypes.DType]] = defaultdict(<class 'set'>, {<DType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>: {<DType.DECIMAL256: 'DECIMAL256'>, <DType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <DType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <DType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <DType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <DType.SMALLDATETIME: 'SMALLDATETIME'>, <DType.UDOUBLE: 'UDOUBLE'>, <DType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <DType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <DType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <DType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <DType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <DType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <DType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <DType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <DType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, <DType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <DType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <DType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <DType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <DType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <DType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <DType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, <DType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <DType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <DType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <DType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <DType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <DType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <DType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <DType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <DType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <DType.DATETIME2: 'DATETIME2'>, <DType.DECFLOAT: 'DECFLOAT'>, <DType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <DType.INT: 'INT'>, <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <DType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <DType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, <DType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>}, <DType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>: {<DType.DECIMAL256: 'DECIMAL256'>, <DType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <DType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <DType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <DType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <DType.SMALLDATETIME: 'SMALLDATETIME'>, <DType.UDOUBLE: 'UDOUBLE'>, <DType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <DType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <DType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <DType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <DType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <DType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <DType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <DType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <DType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, <DType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <DType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <DType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <DType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <DType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <DType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <DType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, <DType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <DType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <DType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <DType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <DType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <DType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <DType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <DType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <DType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <DType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <DType.DATETIME2: 'DATETIME2'>, <DType.DECFLOAT: 'DECFLOAT'>, <DType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <DType.INT: 'INT'>, <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <DType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <DType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, <DType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>}, <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>: {<DType.DECIMAL256: 'DECIMAL256'>, <DType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <DType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <DType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <DType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <DType.SMALLDATETIME: 'SMALLDATETIME'>, <DType.UDOUBLE: 'UDOUBLE'>, <DType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <DType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <DType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <DType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <DType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <DType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <DType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <DType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <DType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, <DType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <DType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <DType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <DType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <DType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <DType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <DType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, <DType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <DType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <DType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <DType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <DType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <DType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <DType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <DType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <DType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <DType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <DType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <DType.DATETIME2: 'DATETIME2'>, <DType.DECFLOAT: 'DECFLOAT'>, <DType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <DType.INT: 'INT'>, <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <DType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <DType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, <DType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>}, <DType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>: {<DType.DECIMAL256: 'DECIMAL256'>, <DType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <DType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <DType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <DType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <DType.SMALLDATETIME: 'SMALLDATETIME'>, <DType.UDOUBLE: 'UDOUBLE'>, <DType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <DType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <DType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <DType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <DType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <DType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <DType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <DType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <DType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, <DType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <DType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <DType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <DType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <DType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <DType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <DType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, <DType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <DType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <DType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <DType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <DType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <DType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <DType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <DType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <DType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <DType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <DType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <DType.DATETIME2: 'DATETIME2'>, <DType.DECFLOAT: 'DECFLOAT'>, <DType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <DType.INT: 'INT'>, <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <DType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <DType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, <DType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>}, <DType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>: {<DType.DECIMAL256: 'DECIMAL256'>, <DType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <DType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <DType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <DType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <DType.SMALLDATETIME: 'SMALLDATETIME'>, <DType.UDOUBLE: 'UDOUBLE'>, <DType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <DType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <DType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <DType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <DType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <DType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <DType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <DType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <DType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, <DType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <DType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <DType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <DType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <DType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <DType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <DType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, <DType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <DType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <DType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <DType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <DType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <DType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <DType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <DType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <DType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <DType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <DType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <DType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <DType.DATETIME2: 'DATETIME2'>, <DType.DECFLOAT: 'DECFLOAT'>, <DType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <DType.INT: 'INT'>, <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <DType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <DType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, <DType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>}, <DType.DECFLOAT: 'DECFLOAT'>: set(), <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>: {<DType.DECFLOAT: 'DECFLOAT'>}, <DType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>: {<DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <DType.DECFLOAT: 'DECFLOAT'>}, <DType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>: {<DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <DType.DECFLOAT: 'DECFLOAT'>, <DType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>}, <DType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>: {<DType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <DType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <DType.DECFLOAT: 'DECFLOAT'>}, <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>: {<DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <DType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <DType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <DType.DECFLOAT: 'DECFLOAT'>, <DType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>}, <DType.INT: 'INT'>: {<DType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <DType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <DType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <DType.DECFLOAT: 'DECFLOAT'>}, <DType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>: {<DType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <DType.INT: 'INT'>, <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <DType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <DType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <DType.DECFLOAT: 'DECFLOAT'>}, <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>: {<DType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <DType.INT: 'INT'>, <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <DType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <DType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <DType.DECFLOAT: 'DECFLOAT'>, <DType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>}, <DType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>: set(), <DType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>: {<DType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>}, <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>: {<DType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <DType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>}, <DType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>: {<DType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <DType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>}, <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>: {<DType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <DType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <DType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>}, <DType.NAME: 'NAME'>: {<DType.DECIMAL256: 'DECIMAL256'>, <DType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <DType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <DType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <DType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <DType.SMALLDATETIME: 'SMALLDATETIME'>, <DType.UDOUBLE: 'UDOUBLE'>, <DType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <DType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <DType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <DType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <DType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <DType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <DType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <DType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <DType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, <DType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <DType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <DType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <DType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <DType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <DType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <DType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, <DType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <DType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <DType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <DType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <DType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <DType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <DType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <DType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <DType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <DType.DATETIME2: 'DATETIME2'>, <DType.DECFLOAT: 'DECFLOAT'>, <DType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <DType.INT: 'INT'>, <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <DType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <DType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, <DType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>}, <DType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>: {<DType.DECIMAL256: 'DECIMAL256'>, <DType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <DType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <DType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <DType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <DType.SMALLDATETIME: 'SMALLDATETIME'>, <DType.UDOUBLE: 'UDOUBLE'>, <DType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <DType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <DType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <DType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <DType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <DType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <DType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <DType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <DType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, <DType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <DType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <DType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <DType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <DType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <DType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <DType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, <DType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <DType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <DType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <DType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <DType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <DType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <DType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <DType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <DType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <DType.DATETIME2: 'DATETIME2'>, <DType.DECFLOAT: 'DECFLOAT'>, <DType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <DType.INT: 'INT'>, <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <DType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <DType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, <DType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>}, <DType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>: {<DType.DECIMAL256: 'DECIMAL256'>, <DType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <DType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <DType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <DType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <DType.SMALLDATETIME: 'SMALLDATETIME'>, <DType.UDOUBLE: 'UDOUBLE'>, <DType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <DType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <DType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <DType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <DType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <DType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <DType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <DType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <DType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, <DType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <DType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <DType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <DType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <DType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <DType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <DType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, <DType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <DType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <DType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <DType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <DType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <DType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <DType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <DType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <DType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <DType.DATETIME2: 'DATETIME2'>, <DType.DECFLOAT: 'DECFLOAT'>, <DType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <DType.INT: 'INT'>, <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <DType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <DType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, <DType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>}, <DType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>: {<DType.DECIMAL256: 'DECIMAL256'>, <DType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <DType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <DType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <DType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <DType.SMALLDATETIME: 'SMALLDATETIME'>, <DType.UDOUBLE: 'UDOUBLE'>, <DType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <DType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <DType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <DType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <DType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <DType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <DType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <DType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <DType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, <DType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <DType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <DType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <DType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <DType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <DType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <DType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, <DType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <DType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <DType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <DType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <DType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <DType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <DType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <DType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <DType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <DType.DATETIME2: 'DATETIME2'>, <DType.DECFLOAT: 'DECFLOAT'>, <DType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <DType.INT: 'INT'>, <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <DType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <DType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, <DType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>}})
SUPPORTS_COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS = False

Whether the old-style outer join (+) syntax is supported.

UNESCAPED_SEQUENCES: dict[str, str] = {'\\a': '\x07', '\\b': '\x08', '\\f': '\x0c', '\\n': '\n', '\\r': '\r', '\\t': '\t', '\\v': '\x0b', '\\\\': '\\'}

Mapping of an escaped sequence (\n) to its unescaped version ( ).

STRINGS_SUPPORT_ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: bool = True

Whether string literals support escape sequences (e.g. \n). Set by the metaclass based on the tokenizer's STRING_ESCAPES.

BYTE_STRINGS_SUPPORT_ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: bool = True

Whether byte string literals support escape sequences. Set by the metaclass based on the tokenizer's BYTE_STRING_ESCAPES.

INITCAP_SUPPORTS_CUSTOM_DELIMITERS = False
tokenizer_class = <class 'Databricks.Tokenizer'>
jsonpath_tokenizer_class = <class 'Databricks.JSONPathTokenizer'>
TIME_TRIE: dict = {'y': {0: True, 'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'Y': {0: True, 'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 'd': {'d': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'H': {'H': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'h': {'h': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'm': {'m': {0: True}, 0: True}, 's': {'s': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'S': {'S': {'S': {'S': {'S': {'S': {0: True}}}}}}, 'a': {0: True}, 'D': {'D': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'E': {0: True, 'E': {0: True, 'E': {0: True, 'E': {0: True}}}}, 'z': {0: True}, 'Z': {0: True}}
FORMAT_TRIE: dict = {'y': {0: True, 'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'Y': {0: True, 'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 'd': {'d': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'H': {'H': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'h': {'h': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'm': {'m': {0: True}, 0: True}, 's': {'s': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'S': {'S': {'S': {'S': {'S': {'S': {0: True}}}}}}, 'a': {0: True}, 'D': {'D': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'E': {0: True, 'E': {0: True, 'E': {0: True, 'E': {0: True}}}}, 'z': {0: True}, 'Z': {0: True}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'%Y': 'yyyy', '%y': 'yy', '%B': 'MMMM', '%b': 'MMM', '%mstrict': 'MM', '%-m': 'M', '%dstrict': 'dd', '%-d': 'd', '%Hstrict': 'HH', '%-H': 'H', '%Istrict': 'hh', '%-I': 'h', '%Mstrict': 'mm', '%-M': 'm', '%Sstrict': 'ss', '%-S': 's', '%f': 'SSSSSS', '%p': 'a', '%j': 'DD', '%-j': 'D', '%a': 'EEE', '%A': 'EEEE', '%Z': 'z', '%z': 'Z', '%m': 'MM', '%d': 'dd', '%H': 'HH', '%I': 'hh', '%M': 'mm', '%S': 'ss'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: dict = {'%': {'Y': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}, 'B': {0: True}, 'b': {0: True}, 'm': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}, 0: True}, '-': {'m': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True}, 'j': {0: True}}, 'd': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}, 0: True}, 'H': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}, 0: True}, 'I': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}, 0: True}, 'M': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}, 0: True}, 'S': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}, 0: True}, 'f': {0: True}, 'p': {0: True}, 'j': {0: True}, 'a': {0: True}, 'A': {0: True}, 'Z': {0: True}, 'z': {0: True}}}
INVERSE_FORMAT_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'%mstrict': '%m', '%dstrict': '%d', '%Hstrict': '%H', '%Istrict': '%I', '%Mstrict': '%M', '%Sstrict': '%S'}
INVERSE_FORMAT_TRIE: dict = {'%': {'m': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'd': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'H': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'I': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'M': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'S': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}}}
INVERSE_CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {}
ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: dict[str, str] = {'\x07': '\\a', '\x08': '\\b', '\x0c': '\\f', '\n': '\\n', '\r': '\\r', '\t': '\\t', '\x0b': '\\v', '\\': '\\\\'}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '`'
IDENTIFIER_END = '`'
VALID_INTERVAL_UNITS: set[str] = {'MICROSECS', 'MINUTES', 'YEAR', 'WY', 'DAYOFMONTH', 'DOW', 'MONTH', 'MICROSECOND', 'TIMEZONE_MINUTE', 'EPOCH_MICROSECONDS', 'MINUTE', 'DAYOFWEEK_ISO', 'TZH', 'Y', 'DW', 'WEEK', 'MM', 'DAYOFWEEK', 'QUARTER', 'MSEC', 'NSEC', 'M', 'USECS', 'NANOSECS', 'WEEKDAY', 'DW_ISO', 'MONTHS', 'D', 'MINS', 'DY', 'DAYOFYEAR', 'WK', 'HH', 'MS', 'TIMEZONE_HOUR', 'MIL', 'S', 'YYYY', 'DECADES', 'MON', 'NANOSECOND', 'WEEKOFYEAR', 'HOUR', 'TZM', 'MILLENNIUM', 'SECONDS', 'DOW_ISO', 'DAY OF WEEK', 'USECOND', 'H', 'MILLISECON', 'QTRS', 'MILLISECS', 'DOY', 'SECOND', 'EPOCH_MILLISECOND', 'HRS', 'DEC', 'EPOCH_SECONDS', 'YYY', 'YY', 'YRS', 'MSECONDS', 'SEC', 'USEC', 'MILLISECOND', 'HOURS', 'DAY OF YEAR', 'MILLISEC', 'C', 'MSECOND', 'WEEKDAY_ISO', 'EPOCH_NANOSECOND', 'NANOSEC', 'SECS', 'CENTURY', 'MILS', 'US', 'WEEKOFYEAR_ISO', 'WEEKOFYEARISO', 'QUARTERS', 'YR', 'EPOCH', 'EPOCH_MILLISECONDS', 'MONS', 'MILLISECONDS', 'MICROSECONDS', 'MI', 'WEEK_ISO', 'MIN', 'MILLENIA', 'WOY', 'CENTS', 'EPOCH_MICROSECOND', 'DAYS', 'MSECS', 'CENT', 'W', 'MICROSEC', 'HR', 'NS', 'DD', 'EPOCH_NANOSECONDS', 'DECADE', 'NSECONDS', 'DAY', 'DECS', 'DAYOFWEEKISO', 'USECONDS', 'YEARS', 'NSECOND', 'CENTURIES', 'WEEKISO', 'QTR', 'Q', 'EPOCH_SECOND'}
BIT_START: str | None = None
BIT_END: str | None = None
HEX_START: str | None = "X'"
HEX_END: str | None = "'"
BYTE_START: str | None = None
BYTE_END: str | None = None
UNICODE_START: str | None = None
UNICODE_END: str | None = None
text_type = <DType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>
class Databricks.JSONPathTokenizer(sqlglot.dialects.Hive.JSONPathTokenizer):
31    class JSONPathTokenizer(Spark.JSONPathTokenizer):
32        IDENTIFIERS = ["`", '"']
IDENTIFIERS = ['`', '"']
BYTE_STRING_ESCAPES: ClassVar[list[str]] = ['\\']
class Databricks.Tokenizer(sqlglot.dialects.Spark.Tokenizer):
34    class Tokenizer(Spark.Tokenizer):
35        KEYWORDS = {
36            **Spark.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
37            "STREAM": TokenType.STREAM,
38            "VOID": TokenType.VOID,
39        }
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '/*+': <TokenType.HINT: 293>, '&<': <TokenType.AMP_LT: 63>, '&>': <TokenType.AMP_GT: 64>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 28>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 14>, '?::': <TokenType.QDCOLON: 370>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 37>, '|>': <TokenType.PIPE_GT: 38>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 26>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 24>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 29>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 29>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 31>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 30>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 45>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 46>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 47>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 49>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 50>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 51>, '<<->>': <TokenType.LLRR_ARROW: 52>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 62>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 18>, '~~~': <TokenType.GLOB: 287>, '~~': <TokenType.LIKE: 318>, '~~*': <TokenType.ILIKE: 295>, '~*': <TokenType.IRLIKE: 307>, '-|-': <TokenType.ADJACENT: 65>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 220>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 34>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 221>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 222>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 225>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 218>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 226>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 228>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 228>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.BEGIN: 229>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 230>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 232>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 414>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 233>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 235>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 236>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 81>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 239>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 240>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 241>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COPY: 242>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 243>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 244>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 245>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 246>, 'CURRENT_SCHEMA': <TokenType.CURRENT_SCHEMA: 248>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 249>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 250>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 251>, 'CURRENT_CATALOG': <TokenType.CURRENT_CATALOG: 254>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 80>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 256>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 257>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 258>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 259>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 262>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 263>, 'DIV': <TokenType.DIV: 264>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 265>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 266>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 267>, 'ENUM': <TokenType.ENUM: 205>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 268>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 269>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 270>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 271>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 272>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 273>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 276>, 'FILE': <TokenType.FILE: 274>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 278>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 284>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 285>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 279>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 281>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 282>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 283>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 172>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 175>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 287>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 290>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 291>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 292>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 295>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 296>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 297>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 200>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 299>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 300>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 304>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 303>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 305>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 308>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 309>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 310>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 312>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 314>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 316>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 317>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 318>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 319>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 321>, 'LOCALTIME': <TokenType.LOCALTIME: 179>, 'LOCALTIMESTAMP': <TokenType.LOCALTIMESTAMP: 180>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 322>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 328>, 'NAMESPACE': <TokenType.NAMESPACE: 440>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 331>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 332>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 27>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 334>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 335>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 199>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 337>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 338>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 35>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 66>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 341>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 344>, 'OUT': <TokenType.OUT: 345>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 347>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 348>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 349>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 350>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 352>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 353>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 353>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 353>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 354>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 355>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 360>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 362>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 363>, 'OPERATOR': <TokenType.OPERATOR: 340>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 368>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 371>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 372>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 380>, 'RENAME': <TokenType.RENAME: 374>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 375>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 376>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 378>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 379>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 380>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 382>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 383>, 'ROW': <TokenType.ROW: 384>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 385>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 83>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 387>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 388>, 'SESSION': <TokenType.SESSION: 59>, 'SESSION_USER': <TokenType.SESSION_USER: 61>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 392>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 393>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 394>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 395>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 396>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 397>, 'SQL SECURITY': <TokenType.SQL_SECURITY: 399>, 'STRAIGHT_JOIN': <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 402>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 84>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 405>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 407>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 407>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 409>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 410>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 411>, 'TRIGGER': <TokenType.TRIGGER: 412>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 416>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 214>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 417>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 418>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 419>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 420>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 421>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 171>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 422>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 424>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 426>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 428>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 429>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 430>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 431>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 223>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 224>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 97>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 98>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 98>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 103>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 110>, 'UHUGEINT': <TokenType.UINT128: 111>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 110>, 'INT256': <TokenType.INT256: 112>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'INT8': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'UINT': <TokenType.UINT: 106>, 'UINT128': <TokenType.UINT128: 111>, 'UINT256': <TokenType.UINT256: 113>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'DECIMAL32': <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 118>, 'DECIMAL64': <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 119>, 'DECIMAL128': <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 120>, 'DECIMAL256': <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 121>, 'DECFLOAT': <TokenType.DECFLOAT: 122>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 124>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 124>, 'BIGNUM': <TokenType.BIGNUM: 109>, 'LIST': <TokenType.LIST: 320>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 323>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 174>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 114>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 114>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 114>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 115>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 115>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 115>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 141>, 'JSONB': <TokenType.JSONB: 142>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 125>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 125>, 'CHAR VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'CHARACTER VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 126>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 128>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 128>, 'BPCHAR': <TokenType.BPCHAR: 129>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 132>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 131>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 137>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 139>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 140>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 135>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 134>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 136>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 140>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 140>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 143>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 144>, 'TIME_NS': <TokenType.TIME_NS: 145>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 147>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 147>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 148>, 'TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 148>, 'TIMESTAMPNTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 149>, 'TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 149>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 157>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 153>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 159>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 160>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 161>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 162>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 163>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 164>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 165>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 166>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 167>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 168>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 169>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 170>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 432>, 'VECTOR': <TokenType.VECTOR: 215>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 403>, 'SEQUENCE': <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 390>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 198>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 219>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.ANALYZE: 439>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 238>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.GRANT: 289>, 'REVOKE': <TokenType.REVOKE: 377>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 193>, 'ADD ARCHIVE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'ADD ARCHIVES': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'ADD FILE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'ADD FILES': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'ADD JAR': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'ADD JARS': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'MINUS': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 269>, 'MSCK REPAIR': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'REFRESH': <TokenType.REFRESH: 373>, 'SERDEPROPERTIES': <TokenType.SERDE_PROPERTIES: 391>, 'DECLARE': <TokenType.DECLARE: 255>, 'STREAM': <TokenType.STREAM: 87>, 'VOID': <TokenType.VOID: 217>}
BYTE_STRING_ESCAPES: ClassVar[list[str]] = ['\\']
class DAX(sqlglot.dialects.Dialect):
10class DAX(Dialect):
11    DPIPE_IS_STRING_CONCAT = False
12
13    Generator = DAXGenerator
14
15    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
16        IDENTIFIERS = ["'", ("[", "]")]
17        QUOTES = ['"']
18        STRING_ESCAPES = ['"']
19        COMMENTS = ["--", "//", ("/*", "*/")]
20
21    Parser = DAXParser
DPIPE_IS_STRING_CONCAT = False

Whether the DPIPE token (||) is a string concatenation operator.

Generator = <class 'sqlglot.generators.dax.DAXGenerator'>
Parser = <class 'sqlglot.parsers.dax.DAXParser'>
SUPPORTS_COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS = False

Whether the old-style outer join (+) syntax is supported.

STRINGS_SUPPORT_ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: bool = False

Whether string literals support escape sequences (e.g. \n). Set by the metaclass based on the tokenizer's STRING_ESCAPES.

BYTE_STRINGS_SUPPORT_ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: bool = False

Whether byte string literals support escape sequences. Set by the metaclass based on the tokenizer's BYTE_STRING_ESCAPES.

INITCAP_SUPPORTS_CUSTOM_DELIMITERS = False
tokenizer_class = <class 'DAX.Tokenizer'>
jsonpath_tokenizer_class = <class 'sqlglot.dialects.dialect.JSONPathTokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'sqlglot.parsers.dax.DAXParser'>
generator_class = <class 'sqlglot.generators.dax.DAXGenerator'>
TIME_TRIE: dict = {}
FORMAT_TRIE: dict = {}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'%mstrict': '%m', '%dstrict': '%d', '%Hstrict': '%H', '%Istrict': '%I', '%Mstrict': '%M', '%Sstrict': '%S'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: dict = {'%': {'m': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'd': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'H': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'I': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'M': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'S': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}}}
INVERSE_FORMAT_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'%mstrict': '%m', '%dstrict': '%d', '%Hstrict': '%H', '%Istrict': '%I', '%Mstrict': '%M', '%Sstrict': '%S'}
INVERSE_FORMAT_TRIE: dict = {'%': {'m': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'd': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'H': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'I': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'M': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'S': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}}}
INVERSE_CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {}
ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: dict[str, str] = {}
QUOTE_START = '"'
QUOTE_END = '"'
IDENTIFIER_START = "'"
IDENTIFIER_END = "'"
VALID_INTERVAL_UNITS: set[str] = {'MICROSECS', 'MINUTES', 'YEAR', 'WY', 'DAYOFMONTH', 'DOW', 'MONTH', 'MICROSECOND', 'TIMEZONE_MINUTE', 'EPOCH_MICROSECONDS', 'MINUTE', 'DAYOFWEEK_ISO', 'TZH', 'Y', 'DW', 'WEEK', 'MM', 'DAYOFWEEK', 'QUARTER', 'MSEC', 'NSEC', 'M', 'USECS', 'NANOSECS', 'WEEKDAY', 'DW_ISO', 'MONTHS', 'D', 'MINS', 'DY', 'DAYOFYEAR', 'WK', 'HH', 'MS', 'TIMEZONE_HOUR', 'MIL', 'S', 'YYYY', 'DECADES', 'MON', 'NANOSECOND', 'WEEKOFYEAR', 'HOUR', 'TZM', 'MILLENNIUM', 'SECONDS', 'DOW_ISO', 'DAY OF WEEK', 'USECOND', 'H', 'MILLISECON', 'QTRS', 'MILLISECS', 'DOY', 'SECOND', 'EPOCH_MILLISECOND', 'HRS', 'DEC', 'EPOCH_SECONDS', 'YYY', 'YY', 'YRS', 'MSECONDS', 'SEC', 'USEC', 'MILLISECOND', 'HOURS', 'DAY OF YEAR', 'MILLISEC', 'C', 'MSECOND', 'WEEKDAY_ISO', 'EPOCH_NANOSECOND', 'NANOSEC', 'SECS', 'CENTURY', 'MILS', 'US', 'WEEKOFYEAR_ISO', 'WEEKOFYEARISO', 'QUARTERS', 'YR', 'EPOCH', 'EPOCH_MILLISECONDS', 'MONS', 'MILLISECONDS', 'MICROSECONDS', 'MI', 'WEEK_ISO', 'MIN', 'MILLENIA', 'WOY', 'CENTS', 'EPOCH_MICROSECOND', 'DAYS', 'MSECS', 'CENT', 'W', 'MICROSEC', 'HR', 'NS', 'DD', 'EPOCH_NANOSECONDS', 'DECADE', 'NSECONDS', 'DAY', 'DECS', 'DAYOFWEEKISO', 'USECONDS', 'YEARS', 'NSECOND', 'CENTURIES', 'WEEKISO', 'QTR', 'Q', 'EPOCH_SECOND'}
BIT_START: str | None = None
BIT_END: str | None = None
HEX_START: str | None = None
HEX_END: str | None = None
BYTE_START: str | None = None
BYTE_END: str | None = None
UNICODE_START: str | None = None
UNICODE_END: str | None = None
class DAX.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer):
15    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
16        IDENTIFIERS = ["'", ("[", "]")]
17        QUOTES = ['"']
18        STRING_ESCAPES = ['"']
19        COMMENTS = ["--", "//", ("/*", "*/")]
IDENTIFIERS = ["'", ('[', ']')]
QUOTES = ['"']
STRING_ESCAPES = ['"']
COMMENTS = ['--', '//', ('/*', '*/')]
BYTE_STRING_ESCAPES: ClassVar[list[str]] = ['"']
class Doris(sqlglot.dialects.MySQL):
 9class Doris(MySQL):
10    DATE_FORMAT = "'yyyy-MM-dd'"
11    DATEINT_FORMAT = "'yyyyMMdd'"
12    TIME_FORMAT = "'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss'"
13
14    Parser = DorisParser
15
16    Generator = DorisGenerator
DATE_FORMAT = "'yyyy-MM-dd'"
DATEINT_FORMAT = "'yyyyMMdd'"
TIME_FORMAT = "'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss'"
VALID_INTERVAL_UNITS: set[str] = {'MICROSECS', 'MINUTES', 'YEAR', 'YEAR_MONTH', 'WY', 'DAYOFMONTH', 'DOW', 'MONTH', 'MICROSECOND', 'TIMEZONE_MINUTE', 'EPOCH_MICROSECONDS', 'MINUTE', 'DAYOFWEEK_ISO', 'TZH', 'Y', 'DW', 'WEEK', 'MM', 'DAYOFWEEK', 'QUARTER', 'MSEC', 'NSEC', 'M', 'USECS', 'NANOSECS', 'WEEKDAY', 'DW_ISO', 'MONTHS', 'D', 'MINS', 'DY', 'DAYOFYEAR', 'WK', 'HH', 'MS', 'TIMEZONE_HOUR', 'MIL', 'S', 'YYYY', 'DECADES', 'MON', 'NANOSECOND', 'WEEKOFYEAR', 'HOUR', 'TZM', 'MILLENNIUM', 'SECONDS', 'DOW_ISO', 'DAY OF WEEK', 'USECOND', 'H', 'MILLISECON', 'QTRS', 'MINUTE_MICROSECOND', 'HOUR_SECOND', 'MILLISECS', 'DOY', 'DAY_MINUTE', 'SECOND', 'EPOCH_MILLISECOND', 'HRS', 'DEC', 'EPOCH_SECONDS', 'YYY', 'YY', 'YRS', 'MSECONDS', 'SEC', 'USEC', 'MILLISECOND', 'HOURS', 'DAY OF YEAR', 'MILLISEC', 'C', 'MSECOND', 'WEEKDAY_ISO', 'EPOCH_NANOSECOND', 'NANOSEC', 'SECS', 'CENTURY', 'MILS', 'US', 'DAY_HOUR', 'WEEKOFYEAR_ISO', 'WEEKOFYEARISO', 'QUARTERS', 'YR', 'EPOCH', 'EPOCH_MILLISECONDS', 'MONS', 'MILLISECONDS', 'HOUR_MICROSECOND', 'DAY_MICROSECOND', 'HOUR_MINUTE', 'MICROSECONDS', 'MI', 'WEEK_ISO', 'MIN', 'MILLENIA', 'WOY', 'CENTS', 'DAY_SECOND', 'EPOCH_MICROSECOND', 'DAYS', 'MSECS', 'CENT', 'MINUTE_SECOND', 'W', 'MICROSEC', 'HR', 'NS', 'DD', 'EPOCH_NANOSECONDS', 'DECADE', 'NSECONDS', 'DAY', 'SECOND_MICROSECOND', 'DECS', 'DAYOFWEEKISO', 'USECONDS', 'YEARS', 'NSECOND', 'CENTURIES', 'WEEKISO', 'QTR', 'Q', 'EPOCH_SECOND'}
SUPPORTS_COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS = False

Whether the old-style outer join (+) syntax is supported.

UNESCAPED_SEQUENCES: dict[str, str] = {'\\a': '\x07', '\\b': '\x08', '\\f': '\x0c', '\\n': '\n', '\\r': '\r', '\\t': '\t', '\\v': '\x0b', '\\\\': '\\'}

Mapping of an escaped sequence (\n) to its unescaped version ( ).

STRINGS_SUPPORT_ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: bool = True

Whether string literals support escape sequences (e.g. \n). Set by the metaclass based on the tokenizer's STRING_ESCAPES.

BYTE_STRINGS_SUPPORT_ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: bool = True

Whether byte string literals support escape sequences. Set by the metaclass based on the tokenizer's BYTE_STRING_ESCAPES.

INITCAP_SUPPORTS_CUSTOM_DELIMITERS = False
tokenizer_class = <class 'sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Tokenizer'>
jsonpath_tokenizer_class = <class 'sqlglot.dialects.dialect.JSONPathTokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'sqlglot.parsers.doris.DorisParser'>
generator_class = <class 'sqlglot.generators.doris.DorisGenerator'>
TIME_TRIE: dict = {'%': {'M': {0: True}, 'c': {0: True}, 'e': {0: True}, 'h': {0: True}, 'i': {0: True}, 's': {0: True}, 'u': {0: True}, 'k': {0: True}, 'l': {0: True}, 'r': {0: True}, 'T': {0: True}, 'W': {0: True}, 'x': {0: True}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: dict = {'%': {'M': {0: True}, 'c': {0: True}, 'e': {0: True}, 'h': {0: True}, 'i': {0: True}, 's': {0: True}, 'u': {0: True}, 'k': {0: True}, 'l': {0: True}, 'r': {0: True}, 'T': {0: True}, 'W': {0: True}, 'x': {0: True}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'%B': '%M', '%-m': '%c', '%-d': '%e', '%I': '%h', '%M': '%i', '%S': '%s', '%W': '%u', '%-H': '%k', '%-I': '%l', '%I:%M:%S %p': '%r', '%H:%M:%S': '%T', '%A': '%W', '%G': '%x', '%mstrict': '%m', '%dstrict': '%d', '%Hstrict': '%H', '%Istrict': '%h', '%Mstrict': '%i', '%Sstrict': '%s'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: dict = {'%': {'B': {0: True}, '-': {'m': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'I': {0: True, ':': {'%': {'M': {':': {'%': {'S': {' ': {'%': {'p': {0: True}}}}}}}}}, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'M': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'S': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'W': {0: True}, 'H': {':': {'%': {'M': {':': {'%': {'S': {0: True}}}}}}, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'A': {0: True}, 'G': {0: True}, 'm': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'd': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}}}
INVERSE_FORMAT_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'%mstrict': '%m', '%dstrict': '%d', '%Hstrict': '%H', '%Istrict': '%I', '%Mstrict': '%M', '%Sstrict': '%S'}
INVERSE_FORMAT_TRIE: dict = {'%': {'m': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'd': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'H': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'I': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'M': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'S': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}}}
INVERSE_CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {}
ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: dict[str, str] = {'\x07': '\\a', '\x08': '\\b', '\x0c': '\\f', '\n': '\\n', '\r': '\\r', '\t': '\\t', '\x0b': '\\v', '\\': '\\\\'}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '`'
IDENTIFIER_END = '`'
BIT_START: str | None = "b'"
BIT_END: str | None = "'"
HEX_START: str | None = "x'"
HEX_END: str | None = "'"
BYTE_START: str | None = None
BYTE_END: str | None = None
UNICODE_START: str | None = None
UNICODE_END: str | None = None
class Dremio(sqlglot.dialects.Dialect):
10class Dremio(Dialect):
11    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
12    CONCAT_COALESCE = True
13    CONCAT_WS_COALESCE = True
14    TYPED_DIVISION = True
15    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_last"
16    SUPPORTS_VALUES_DEFAULT = False
17
18    TIME_MAPPING = {
19        # year
20        "YYYY": "%Y",
21        "yyyy": "%Y",
22        "YY": "%y",
23        "yy": "%y",
24        # month / day
25        "MM": "%m",
26        "mm": "%m",
27        "MON": "%b",
28        "mon": "%b",
29        "MONTH": "%B",
30        "month": "%B",
31        "DDD": "%j",
32        "ddd": "%j",
33        "DD": "%d",
34        "dd": "%d",
35        "DY": "%a",
36        "dy": "%a",
37        "DAY": "%A",
38        "day": "%A",
39        # hours / minutes / seconds
40        "HH24": "%H",
41        "hh24": "%H",
42        "HH12": "%I",
43        "hh12": "%I",
44        "HH": "%I",
45        "hh": "%I",  # 24- / 12-hour
46        "MI": "%M",
47        "mi": "%M",
48        "SS": "%S",
49        "ss": "%S",
50        "FFF": "%f",
51        "fff": "%f",
52        "AMPM": "%p",
53        "ampm": "%p",
54        # ISO week / century etc.
55        "WW": "%W",
56        "ww": "%W",
57        "D": "%w",
58        "d": "%w",
59        "CC": "%C",
60        "cc": "%C",
61        # timezone
62        "TZD": "%Z",
63        "tzd": "%Z",  # abbreviation (UTC, PST, ...)
64        "TZO": "%z",
65        "tzo": "%z",  # numeric offset (+0200)
66    }
67
68    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
69        COMMENTS = ["--", "//", ("/*", "*/")]
70
71    Parser = DremioParser
72
73    Generator = DremioGenerator
SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False

Whether user-defined data types are supported.

CONCAT_COALESCE = True

A NULL arg in CONCAT yields NULL by default, but in some dialects it yields an empty string.

CONCAT_WS_COALESCE = True

A NULL arg in CONCAT_WS yields NULL by default, but in some dialects it is skipped.

TYPED_DIVISION = True

Whether the behavior of a / b depends on the types of a and b. False means a / b is always float division. True means a / b is integer division if both a and b are integers.

NULL_ORDERING = 'nulls_are_last'

Default NULL ordering method to use if not explicitly set. Possible values: "nulls_are_small", "nulls_are_large", "nulls_are_last"

SUPPORTS_VALUES_DEFAULT = False

Whether the DEFAULT keyword is supported in the VALUES clause.

TIME_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'YYYY': '%Y', 'yyyy': '%Y', 'YY': '%y', 'yy': '%y', 'MM': '%m', 'mm': '%m', 'MON': '%b', 'mon': '%b', 'MONTH': '%B', 'month': '%B', 'DDD': '%j', 'ddd': '%j', 'DD': '%d', 'dd': '%d', 'DY': '%a', 'dy': '%a', 'DAY': '%A', 'day': '%A', 'HH24': '%H', 'hh24': '%H', 'HH12': '%I', 'hh12': '%I', 'HH': '%I', 'hh': '%I', 'MI': '%M', 'mi': '%M', 'SS': '%S', 'ss': '%S', 'FFF': '%f', 'fff': '%f', 'AMPM': '%p', 'ampm': '%p', 'WW': '%W', 'ww': '%W', 'D': '%w', 'd': '%w', 'CC': '%C', 'cc': '%C', 'TZD': '%Z', 'tzd': '%Z', 'TZO': '%z', 'tzo': '%z'}

Associates this dialect's time formats with their equivalent Python strftime formats.

SUPPORTS_COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS = False

Whether the old-style outer join (+) syntax is supported.

STRINGS_SUPPORT_ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: bool = False

Whether string literals support escape sequences (e.g. \n). Set by the metaclass based on the tokenizer's STRING_ESCAPES.

BYTE_STRINGS_SUPPORT_ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: bool = False

Whether byte string literals support escape sequences. Set by the metaclass based on the tokenizer's BYTE_STRING_ESCAPES.

INITCAP_SUPPORTS_CUSTOM_DELIMITERS = False
tokenizer_class = <class 'Dremio.Tokenizer'>
jsonpath_tokenizer_class = <class 'sqlglot.dialects.dialect.JSONPathTokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'sqlglot.parsers.dremio.DremioParser'>
generator_class = <class 'sqlglot.generators.dremio.DremioGenerator'>
TIME_TRIE: dict = {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'y': {'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True, 'T': {'H': {0: True}}}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'm': {'m': {0: True}, 'o': {'n': {0: True, 't': {'h': {0: True}}}}, 'i': {0: True}}, 'D': {'D': {'D': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'Y': {0: True}, 'A': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'd': {'d': {'d': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'y': {0: True}, 'a': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'H': {'H': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'h': {'h': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}, 's': {'s': {0: True}}, 'F': {'F': {'F': {0: True}}}, 'f': {'f': {'f': {0: True}}}, 'A': {'M': {'P': {'M': {0: True}}}}, 'a': {'m': {'p': {'m': {0: True}}}}, 'W': {'W': {0: True}}, 'w': {'w': {0: True}}, 'C': {'C': {0: True}}, 'c': {'c': {0: True}}, 'T': {'Z': {'D': {0: True}, 'O': {0: True}}}, 't': {'z': {'d': {0: True}, 'o': {0: True}}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: dict = {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'y': {'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True, 'T': {'H': {0: True}}}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'm': {'m': {0: True}, 'o': {'n': {0: True, 't': {'h': {0: True}}}}, 'i': {0: True}}, 'D': {'D': {'D': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'Y': {0: True}, 'A': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'd': {'d': {'d': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'y': {0: True}, 'a': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'H': {'H': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'h': {'h': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}, 's': {'s': {0: True}}, 'F': {'F': {'F': {0: True}}}, 'f': {'f': {'f': {0: True}}}, 'A': {'M': {'P': {'M': {0: True}}}}, 'a': {'m': {'p': {'m': {0: True}}}}, 'W': {'W': {0: True}}, 'w': {'w': {0: True}}, 'C': {'C': {0: True}}, 'c': {'c': {0: True}}, 'T': {'Z': {'D': {0: True}, 'O': {0: True}}}, 't': {'z': {'d': {0: True}, 'o': {0: True}}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'%Y': 'yyyy', '%y': 'yy', '%m': 'mm', '%b': 'mon', '%B': 'month', '%j': 'ddd', '%d': 'dd', '%a': 'dy', '%A': 'day', '%H': 'hh24', '%I': 'hh', '%M': 'mi', '%S': 'ss', '%f': 'fff', '%p': 'ampm', '%W': 'ww', '%w': 'd', '%C': 'cc', '%Z': 'tzd', '%z': 'tzo', '%mstrict': 'mm', '%dstrict': 'dd', '%Hstrict': 'hh24', '%Istrict': 'hh', '%Mstrict': 'mi', '%Sstrict': 'ss'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: dict = {'%': {'Y': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}, 'm': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'b': {0: True}, 'B': {0: True}, 'j': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'a': {0: True}, 'A': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'I': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'M': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'S': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'f': {0: True}, 'p': {0: True}, 'W': {0: True}, 'w': {0: True}, 'C': {0: True}, 'Z': {0: True}, 'z': {0: True}}}
INVERSE_FORMAT_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'%mstrict': '%m', '%dstrict': '%d', '%Hstrict': '%H', '%Istrict': '%I', '%Mstrict': '%M', '%Sstrict': '%S'}
INVERSE_FORMAT_TRIE: dict = {'%': {'m': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'd': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'H': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'I': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'M': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'S': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}}}
INVERSE_CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {}
ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: dict[str, str] = {}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '"'
IDENTIFIER_END = '"'
VALID_INTERVAL_UNITS: set[str] = {'MICROSECS', 'MINUTES', 'YEAR', 'WY', 'DAYOFMONTH', 'DOW', 'MONTH', 'MICROSECOND', 'TIMEZONE_MINUTE', 'EPOCH_MICROSECONDS', 'MINUTE', 'DAYOFWEEK_ISO', 'TZH', 'Y', 'DW', 'WEEK', 'MM', 'DAYOFWEEK', 'QUARTER', 'MSEC', 'NSEC', 'M', 'USECS', 'NANOSECS', 'WEEKDAY', 'DW_ISO', 'MONTHS', 'D', 'MINS', 'DY', 'DAYOFYEAR', 'WK', 'HH', 'MS', 'TIMEZONE_HOUR', 'MIL', 'S', 'YYYY', 'DECADES', 'MON', 'NANOSECOND', 'WEEKOFYEAR', 'HOUR', 'TZM', 'MILLENNIUM', 'SECONDS', 'DOW_ISO', 'DAY OF WEEK', 'USECOND', 'H', 'MILLISECON', 'QTRS', 'MILLISECS', 'DOY', 'SECOND', 'EPOCH_MILLISECOND', 'HRS', 'DEC', 'EPOCH_SECONDS', 'YYY', 'YY', 'YRS', 'MSECONDS', 'SEC', 'USEC', 'MILLISECOND', 'HOURS', 'DAY OF YEAR', 'MILLISEC', 'C', 'MSECOND', 'WEEKDAY_ISO', 'EPOCH_NANOSECOND', 'NANOSEC', 'SECS', 'CENTURY', 'MILS', 'US', 'WEEKOFYEAR_ISO', 'WEEKOFYEARISO', 'QUARTERS', 'YR', 'EPOCH', 'EPOCH_MILLISECONDS', 'MONS', 'MILLISECONDS', 'MICROSECONDS', 'MI', 'WEEK_ISO', 'MIN', 'MILLENIA', 'WOY', 'CENTS', 'EPOCH_MICROSECOND', 'DAYS', 'MSECS', 'CENT', 'W', 'MICROSEC', 'HR', 'NS', 'DD', 'EPOCH_NANOSECONDS', 'DECADE', 'NSECONDS', 'DAY', 'DECS', 'DAYOFWEEKISO', 'USECONDS', 'YEARS', 'NSECOND', 'CENTURIES', 'WEEKISO', 'QTR', 'Q', 'EPOCH_SECOND'}
BIT_START: str | None = None
BIT_END: str | None = None
HEX_START: str | None = None
HEX_END: str | None = None
BYTE_START: str | None = None
BYTE_END: str | None = None
UNICODE_START: str | None = None
UNICODE_END: str | None = None
class Dremio.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer):
68    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
69        COMMENTS = ["--", "//", ("/*", "*/")]
COMMENTS = ['--', '//', ('/*', '*/')]
BYTE_STRING_ESCAPES: ClassVar[list[str]] = ["'"]
class Drill(sqlglot.dialects.Dialect):
11class Drill(Dialect):
12    NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS: bool | str = False
13    PRESERVE_ORIGINAL_NAMES = True
14    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_last"
15    DATE_FORMAT = "'yyyy-MM-dd'"
16    DATEINT_FORMAT = "'yyyyMMdd'"
17    TIME_FORMAT = "'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss'"
18    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
19    TYPED_DIVISION = True
20    CONCAT_COALESCE = True
21    CONCAT_WS_COALESCE = True
22
23    TIME_MAPPING = {
24        "y": "%Y",
25        "Y": "%Y",
26        "YYYY": "%Y",
27        "yyyy": "%Y",
28        "YY": "%y",
29        "yy": "%y",
30        "MMMM": "%B",
31        "MMM": "%b",
32        "MM": "%m",
33        "M": "%-m",
34        "dd": "%d",
35        "d": "%-d",
36        "HH": "%H",
37        "H": "%-H",
38        "hh": "%I",
39        "h": "%-I",
40        "mm": "%M",
41        "m": "%-M",
42        "ss": "%S",
43        "s": "%-S",
44        "SSSSSS": "%f",
45        "a": "%p",
46        "DD": "%j",
47        "D": "%-j",
48        "E": "%a",
49        "EE": "%a",
50        "EEE": "%a",
51        "EEEE": "%A",
52        "''T''": "T",
53    }
54
55    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
56        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
57        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
58
59        KEYWORDS = tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS.copy()
60        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
61
62    Parser = DrillParser
63
64    Generator = DrillGenerator
NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS: bool | str = False

Determines how function names are going to be normalized.

Possible values:

"upper" or True: Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.

PRESERVE_ORIGINAL_NAMES = True

Whether the name of the function should be preserved inside the node's metadata, can be useful for roundtripping deprecated vs new functions that share an AST node e.g JSON_VALUE vs JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR in BigQuery

NULL_ORDERING = 'nulls_are_last'

Default NULL ordering method to use if not explicitly set. Possible values: "nulls_are_small", "nulls_are_large", "nulls_are_last"

DATE_FORMAT = "'yyyy-MM-dd'"
DATEINT_FORMAT = "'yyyyMMdd'"
TIME_FORMAT = "'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss'"
SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False

Whether user-defined data types are supported.

TYPED_DIVISION = True

Whether the behavior of a / b depends on the types of a and b. False means a / b is always float division. True means a / b is integer division if both a and b are integers.

CONCAT_COALESCE = True

A NULL arg in CONCAT yields NULL by default, but in some dialects it yields an empty string.

CONCAT_WS_COALESCE = True

A NULL arg in CONCAT_WS yields NULL by default, but in some dialects it is skipped.

TIME_MAPPING = {'y': '%Y', 'Y': '%Y', 'YYYY': '%Y', 'yyyy': '%Y', 'YY': '%y', 'yy': '%y', 'MMMM': '%B', 'MMM': '%b', 'MM': '%m', 'M': '%-m', 'dd': '%d', 'd': '%-d', 'HH': '%H', 'H': '%-H', 'hh': '%I', 'h': '%-I', 'mm': '%M', 'm': '%-M', 'ss': '%S', 's': '%-S', 'SSSSSS': '%f', 'a': '%p', 'DD': '%j', 'D': '%-j', 'E': '%a', 'EE': '%a', 'EEE': '%a', 'EEEE': '%A', "''T''": 'T'}

Associates this dialect's time formats with their equivalent Python strftime formats.

SUPPORTS_COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS = False

Whether the old-style outer join (+) syntax is supported.

UNESCAPED_SEQUENCES: dict[str, str] = {'\\a': '\x07', '\\b': '\x08', '\\f': '\x0c', '\\n': '\n', '\\r': '\r', '\\t': '\t', '\\v': '\x0b', '\\\\': '\\'}

Mapping of an escaped sequence (\n) to its unescaped version ( ).

STRINGS_SUPPORT_ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: bool = True

Whether string literals support escape sequences (e.g. \n). Set by the metaclass based on the tokenizer's STRING_ESCAPES.

BYTE_STRINGS_SUPPORT_ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: bool = True

Whether byte string literals support escape sequences. Set by the metaclass based on the tokenizer's BYTE_STRING_ESCAPES.

INITCAP_SUPPORTS_CUSTOM_DELIMITERS = False
tokenizer_class = <class 'Drill.Tokenizer'>
jsonpath_tokenizer_class = <class 'sqlglot.dialects.dialect.JSONPathTokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'sqlglot.parsers.drill.DrillParser'>
generator_class = <class 'sqlglot.generators.drill.DrillGenerator'>
TIME_TRIE: dict = {'y': {0: True, 'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'Y': {0: True, 'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 'd': {'d': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'H': {'H': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'h': {'h': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'm': {'m': {0: True}, 0: True}, 's': {'s': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'S': {'S': {'S': {'S': {'S': {'S': {0: True}}}}}}, 'a': {0: True}, 'D': {'D': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'E': {0: True, 'E': {0: True, 'E': {0: True, 'E': {0: True}}}}, "'": {"'": {'T': {"'": {"'": {0: True}}}}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: dict = {'y': {0: True, 'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'Y': {0: True, 'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 'd': {'d': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'H': {'H': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'h': {'h': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'm': {'m': {0: True}, 0: True}, 's': {'s': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'S': {'S': {'S': {'S': {'S': {'S': {0: True}}}}}}, 'a': {0: True}, 'D': {'D': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'E': {0: True, 'E': {0: True, 'E': {0: True, 'E': {0: True}}}}, "'": {"'": {'T': {"'": {"'": {0: True}}}}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'%Y': 'yyyy', '%y': 'yy', '%B': 'MMMM', '%b': 'MMM', '%m': 'MM', '%-m': 'M', '%d': 'dd', '%-d': 'd', '%H': 'HH', '%-H': 'H', '%I': 'hh', '%-I': 'h', '%M': 'mm', '%-M': 'm', '%S': 'ss', '%-S': 's', '%f': 'SSSSSS', '%p': 'a', '%j': 'DD', '%-j': 'D', '%a': 'EEE', '%A': 'EEEE', 'T': "''T''", '%mstrict': 'MM', '%dstrict': 'dd', '%Hstrict': 'HH', '%Istrict': 'hh', '%Mstrict': 'mm', '%Sstrict': 'ss'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: dict = {'%': {'Y': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}, 'B': {0: True}, 'b': {0: True}, 'm': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, '-': {'m': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True}, 'j': {0: True}}, 'd': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'H': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'I': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'M': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'S': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'f': {0: True}, 'p': {0: True}, 'j': {0: True}, 'a': {0: True}, 'A': {0: True}}, 'T': {0: True}}
INVERSE_FORMAT_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'%mstrict': '%m', '%dstrict': '%d', '%Hstrict': '%H', '%Istrict': '%I', '%Mstrict': '%M', '%Sstrict': '%S'}
INVERSE_FORMAT_TRIE: dict = {'%': {'m': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'd': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'H': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'I': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'M': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'S': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}}}
INVERSE_CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {}
ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: dict[str, str] = {'\x07': '\\a', '\x08': '\\b', '\x0c': '\\f', '\n': '\\n', '\r': '\\r', '\t': '\\t', '\x0b': '\\v', '\\': '\\\\'}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '`'
IDENTIFIER_END = '`'
VALID_INTERVAL_UNITS: set[str] = {'MICROSECS', 'MINUTES', 'YEAR', 'WY', 'DAYOFMONTH', 'DOW', 'MONTH', 'MICROSECOND', 'TIMEZONE_MINUTE', 'EPOCH_MICROSECONDS', 'MINUTE', 'DAYOFWEEK_ISO', 'TZH', 'Y', 'DW', 'WEEK', 'MM', 'DAYOFWEEK', 'QUARTER', 'MSEC', 'NSEC', 'M', 'USECS', 'NANOSECS', 'WEEKDAY', 'DW_ISO', 'MONTHS', 'D', 'MINS', 'DY', 'DAYOFYEAR', 'WK', 'HH', 'MS', 'TIMEZONE_HOUR', 'MIL', 'S', 'YYYY', 'DECADES', 'MON', 'NANOSECOND', 'WEEKOFYEAR', 'HOUR', 'TZM', 'MILLENNIUM', 'SECONDS', 'DOW_ISO', 'DAY OF WEEK', 'USECOND', 'H', 'MILLISECON', 'QTRS', 'MILLISECS', 'DOY', 'SECOND', 'EPOCH_MILLISECOND', 'HRS', 'DEC', 'EPOCH_SECONDS', 'YYY', 'YY', 'YRS', 'MSECONDS', 'SEC', 'USEC', 'MILLISECOND', 'HOURS', 'DAY OF YEAR', 'MILLISEC', 'C', 'MSECOND', 'WEEKDAY_ISO', 'EPOCH_NANOSECOND', 'NANOSEC', 'SECS', 'CENTURY', 'MILS', 'US', 'WEEKOFYEAR_ISO', 'WEEKOFYEARISO', 'QUARTERS', 'YR', 'EPOCH', 'EPOCH_MILLISECONDS', 'MONS', 'MILLISECONDS', 'MICROSECONDS', 'MI', 'WEEK_ISO', 'MIN', 'MILLENIA', 'WOY', 'CENTS', 'EPOCH_MICROSECOND', 'DAYS', 'MSECS', 'CENT', 'W', 'MICROSEC', 'HR', 'NS', 'DD', 'EPOCH_NANOSECONDS', 'DECADE', 'NSECONDS', 'DAY', 'DECS', 'DAYOFWEEKISO', 'USECONDS', 'YEARS', 'NSECOND', 'CENTURIES', 'WEEKISO', 'QTR', 'Q', 'EPOCH_SECOND'}
BIT_START: str | None = None
BIT_END: str | None = None
HEX_START: str | None = None
HEX_END: str | None = None
BYTE_START: str | None = None
BYTE_END: str | None = None
UNICODE_START: str | None = None
UNICODE_END: str | None = None
class Drill.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer):
55    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
56        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
57        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
58
59        KEYWORDS = tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS.copy()
60        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
IDENTIFIERS = ['`']
STRING_ESCAPES = ['\\']
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '&<': <TokenType.AMP_LT: 63>, '&>': <TokenType.AMP_GT: 64>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 28>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 14>, '?::': <TokenType.QDCOLON: 370>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 37>, '|>': <TokenType.PIPE_GT: 38>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 26>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 24>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 29>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 29>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 31>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 30>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 45>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 46>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 47>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 49>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 50>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 51>, '<<->>': <TokenType.LLRR_ARROW: 52>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 62>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 18>, '~~~': <TokenType.GLOB: 287>, '~~': <TokenType.LIKE: 318>, '~~*': <TokenType.ILIKE: 295>, '~*': <TokenType.IRLIKE: 307>, '-|-': <TokenType.ADJACENT: 65>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 220>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 34>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 221>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 222>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 225>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 218>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 226>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 228>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 228>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.BEGIN: 229>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 230>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 232>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 414>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 233>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 235>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 236>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 81>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 239>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 240>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 241>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COPY: 242>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 243>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 244>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 245>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 246>, 'CURRENT_SCHEMA': <TokenType.CURRENT_SCHEMA: 248>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 249>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 250>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 251>, 'CURRENT_CATALOG': <TokenType.CURRENT_CATALOG: 254>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 80>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 256>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 257>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 258>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 259>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 262>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 263>, 'DIV': <TokenType.DIV: 264>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 265>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 266>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 267>, 'ENUM': <TokenType.ENUM: 205>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 268>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 269>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 270>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 271>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 272>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 273>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 276>, 'FILE': <TokenType.FILE: 274>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 278>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 284>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 285>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 279>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 281>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 282>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 283>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 172>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 175>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 287>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 290>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 291>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 292>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 295>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 296>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 297>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 200>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 299>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 300>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 304>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 303>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 305>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 308>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 309>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 310>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 312>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 314>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 316>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 317>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 318>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 319>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 321>, 'LOCALTIME': <TokenType.LOCALTIME: 179>, 'LOCALTIMESTAMP': <TokenType.LOCALTIMESTAMP: 180>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 322>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 328>, 'NAMESPACE': <TokenType.NAMESPACE: 440>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 331>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 332>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 27>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 334>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 335>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 199>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 337>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 338>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 35>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 66>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 341>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 344>, 'OUT': <TokenType.OUT: 345>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 347>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 348>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 349>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 350>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 352>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 353>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 353>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 353>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 354>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 355>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 360>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 362>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 363>, 'OPERATOR': <TokenType.OPERATOR: 340>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 368>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 371>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 372>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 380>, 'RENAME': <TokenType.RENAME: 374>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 375>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 376>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 378>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 379>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 380>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 382>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 383>, 'ROW': <TokenType.ROW: 384>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 385>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 83>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 387>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 388>, 'SESSION': <TokenType.SESSION: 59>, 'SESSION_USER': <TokenType.SESSION_USER: 61>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 392>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 393>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 394>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 395>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 396>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 397>, 'SQL SECURITY': <TokenType.SQL_SECURITY: 399>, 'STRAIGHT_JOIN': <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 402>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 84>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 405>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 407>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 407>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 409>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 410>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 411>, 'TRIGGER': <TokenType.TRIGGER: 412>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 416>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 214>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 417>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 418>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 419>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 420>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 421>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 171>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 422>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 424>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 426>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 428>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 429>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 430>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 431>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 223>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 224>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 97>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 98>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 98>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 103>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 110>, 'UHUGEINT': <TokenType.UINT128: 111>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 110>, 'INT256': <TokenType.INT256: 112>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'INT8': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'UINT': <TokenType.UINT: 106>, 'UINT128': <TokenType.UINT128: 111>, 'UINT256': <TokenType.UINT256: 113>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'DECIMAL32': <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 118>, 'DECIMAL64': <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 119>, 'DECIMAL128': <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 120>, 'DECIMAL256': <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 121>, 'DECFLOAT': <TokenType.DECFLOAT: 122>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 124>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 124>, 'BIGNUM': <TokenType.BIGNUM: 109>, 'LIST': <TokenType.LIST: 320>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 323>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 174>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 114>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 114>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 114>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 115>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 115>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 115>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 141>, 'JSONB': <TokenType.JSONB: 142>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 125>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 125>, 'CHAR VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'CHARACTER VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 126>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 128>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 128>, 'BPCHAR': <TokenType.BPCHAR: 129>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 132>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 131>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 137>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 139>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 140>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 135>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 134>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 136>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 140>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 140>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 143>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 144>, 'TIME_NS': <TokenType.TIME_NS: 145>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 146>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 147>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 148>, 'TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 148>, 'TIMESTAMPNTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 149>, 'TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 149>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 157>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 153>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 159>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 160>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 161>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 162>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 163>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 164>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 165>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 166>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 167>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 168>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 169>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 170>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 432>, 'VECTOR': <TokenType.VECTOR: 215>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 403>, 'SEQUENCE': <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 390>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 198>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 219>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.ANALYZE: 439>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 238>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.GRANT: 289>, 'REVOKE': <TokenType.REVOKE: 377>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 193>}
BYTE_STRING_ESCAPES: ClassVar[list[str]] = ['\\']
class Druid(sqlglot.dialects.Dialect):
 7class Druid(Dialect):
 8    Parser = DruidParser
 9
10    Generator = DruidGenerator
SUPPORTS_COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS = False

Whether the old-style outer join (+) syntax is supported.

STRINGS_SUPPORT_ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: bool = False

Whether string literals support escape sequences (e.g. \n). Set by the metaclass based on the tokenizer's STRING_ESCAPES.

BYTE_STRINGS_SUPPORT_ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: bool = False

Whether byte string literals support escape sequences. Set by the metaclass based on the tokenizer's BYTE_STRING_ESCAPES.

INITCAP_SUPPORTS_CUSTOM_DELIMITERS = False
tokenizer_class = <class 'sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Tokenizer'>
jsonpath_tokenizer_class = <class 'sqlglot.dialects.dialect.JSONPathTokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'sqlglot.parsers.druid.DruidParser'>
generator_class = <class 'sqlglot.generators.druid.DruidGenerator'>
TIME_TRIE: dict = {}
FORMAT_TRIE: dict = {}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'%mstrict': '%m', '%dstrict': '%d', '%Hstrict': '%H', '%Istrict': '%I', '%Mstrict': '%M', '%Sstrict': '%S'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: dict = {'%': {'m': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'd': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'H': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'I': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'M': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'S': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}}}
INVERSE_FORMAT_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'%mstrict': '%m', '%dstrict': '%d', '%Hstrict': '%H', '%Istrict': '%I', '%Mstrict': '%M', '%Sstrict': '%S'}
INVERSE_FORMAT_TRIE: dict = {'%': {'m': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'd': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'H': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'I': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'M': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'S': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}}}
INVERSE_CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {}
ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: dict[str, str] = {}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '"'
IDENTIFIER_END = '"'
VALID_INTERVAL_UNITS: set[str] = {'MICROSECS', 'MINUTES', 'YEAR', 'WY', 'DAYOFMONTH', 'DOW', 'MONTH', 'MICROSECOND', 'TIMEZONE_MINUTE', 'EPOCH_MICROSECONDS', 'MINUTE', 'DAYOFWEEK_ISO', 'TZH', 'Y', 'DW', 'WEEK', 'MM', 'DAYOFWEEK', 'QUARTER', 'MSEC', 'NSEC', 'M', 'USECS', 'NANOSECS', 'WEEKDAY', 'DW_ISO', 'MONTHS', 'D', 'MINS', 'DY', 'DAYOFYEAR', 'WK', 'HH', 'MS', 'TIMEZONE_HOUR', 'MIL', 'S', 'YYYY', 'DECADES', 'MON', 'NANOSECOND', 'WEEKOFYEAR', 'HOUR', 'TZM', 'MILLENNIUM', 'SECONDS', 'DOW_ISO', 'DAY OF WEEK', 'USECOND', 'H', 'MILLISECON', 'QTRS', 'MILLISECS', 'DOY', 'SECOND', 'EPOCH_MILLISECOND', 'HRS', 'DEC', 'EPOCH_SECONDS', 'YYY', 'YY', 'YRS', 'MSECONDS', 'SEC', 'USEC', 'MILLISECOND', 'HOURS', 'DAY OF YEAR', 'MILLISEC', 'C', 'MSECOND', 'WEEKDAY_ISO', 'EPOCH_NANOSECOND', 'NANOSEC', 'SECS', 'CENTURY', 'MILS', 'US', 'WEEKOFYEAR_ISO', 'WEEKOFYEARISO', 'QUARTERS', 'YR', 'EPOCH', 'EPOCH_MILLISECONDS', 'MONS', 'MILLISECONDS', 'MICROSECONDS', 'MI', 'WEEK_ISO', 'MIN', 'MILLENIA', 'WOY', 'CENTS', 'EPOCH_MICROSECOND', 'DAYS', 'MSECS', 'CENT', 'W', 'MICROSEC', 'HR', 'NS', 'DD', 'EPOCH_NANOSECONDS', 'DECADE', 'NSECONDS', 'DAY', 'DECS', 'DAYOFWEEKISO', 'USECONDS', 'YEARS', 'NSECOND', 'CENTURIES', 'WEEKISO', 'QTR', 'Q', 'EPOCH_SECOND'}
BIT_START: str | None = None
BIT_END: str | None = None
HEX_START: str | None = None
HEX_END: str | None = None
BYTE_START: str | None = None
BYTE_END: str | None = None
UNICODE_START: str | None = None
UNICODE_END: str | None = None
class DuckDB(sqlglot.dialects.Dialect):
 17class DuckDB(Dialect):
 18    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_last"
 19    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = True
 20    INDEX_OFFSET = 1
 21    CONCAT_COALESCE = True
 22    CONCAT_WS_COALESCE = True
 23    SUPPORTS_ORDER_BY_ALL = True
 24    SUPPORTS_LIMIT_ALL = True
 25    SUPPORTS_FIXED_SIZE_ARRAYS = True
 26    STRICT_JSON_PATH_SYNTAX = False
 27    NUMBERS_CAN_BE_UNDERSCORE_SEPARATED = True
 28    UUID_IS_STRING_TYPE = False
 29
 30    # https://duckdb.org/docs/sql/introduction.html#creating-a-new-table
 31    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE
 32    ASCII_ONLY_NORMALIZATION = True
 33
 34    DATE_PART_MAPPING = {
 35        **Dialect.DATE_PART_MAPPING,
 36        "DAYOFWEEKISO": "ISODOW",
 37    }
 38
 39    EXPRESSION_METADATA = EXPRESSION_METADATA.copy()
 40
 41    DATE_PART_MAPPING.pop("WEEKDAY")
 42
 43    INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING = {
 44        "%e": "%-d",  # BigQuery's space-padded day (%e) -> DuckDB's no-padding day (%-d)
 45        "%:z": "%z",  # In DuckDB %z	can represent +/-HH:MM, +/-HHMM, or +/-HH.
 46        "%-z": "%z",
 47        "%f_zero": "%n",
 48        "%f_one": "%n",
 49        "%f_two": "%n",
 50        "%f_three": "%g",
 51        "%f_four": "%n",
 52        "%f_five": "%n",
 53        "%f_seven": "%n",
 54        "%f_eight": "%n",
 55        "%f_nine": "%n",
 56    }
 57
 58    def to_json_path(self, path: exp.Expr | None) -> exp.Expr | None:
 59        if isinstance(path, exp.Literal):
 60            # DuckDB also supports the JSON pointer syntax, where every path starts with a `/`.
 61            # Additionally, it allows accessing the back of lists using the `[#-i]` syntax.
 62            # This check ensures we'll avoid trying to parse these as JSON paths, which can
 63            # either result in a noisy warning or in an invalid representation of the path.
 64            path_text = path.name
 65            if path_text.startswith("/") or "[#" in path_text:
 66                return path
 67
 68        return super().to_json_path(path)
 69
 70    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
 71        BYTE_STRINGS = [("e'", "'"), ("E'", "'")]
 72        BYTE_STRING_ESCAPES = ["'", "\\"]
 73        HEREDOC_STRINGS = ["$"]
 74
 75        HEREDOC_TAG_IS_IDENTIFIER = True
 76        HEREDOC_STRING_ALTERNATIVE = TokenType.PARAMETER
 77
 78        KEYWORDS = {
 79            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
 80            "//": TokenType.DIV,
 81            "**": TokenType.DSTAR,
 82            "^@": TokenType.CARET_AT,
 83            "@>": TokenType.AT_GT,
 84            "<@": TokenType.LT_AT,
 85            "ATTACH": TokenType.ATTACH,
 86            "BINARY": TokenType.VARBINARY,
 87            "BITSTRING": TokenType.BIT,
 88            "BPCHAR": TokenType.TEXT,
 89            "CHAR": TokenType.TEXT,
 90            "DATETIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ,
 91            "DETACH": TokenType.DETACH,
 92            "FORCE": TokenType.FORCE,
 93            "INSTALL": TokenType.INSTALL,
 94            "INT8": TokenType.BIGINT,
 95            "LOGICAL": TokenType.BOOLEAN,
 96            "MACRO": TokenType.FUNCTION,
 97            "ONLY": TokenType.ONLY,
 98            "PIVOT_WIDER": TokenType.PIVOT,
 99            "POSITIONAL": TokenType.POSITIONAL,
100            "RESET": TokenType.COMMAND,
101            "ROW": TokenType.STRUCT,
102            "SIGNED": TokenType.INT,
103            "STRING": TokenType.TEXT,
104            "SUMMARIZE": TokenType.SUMMARIZE,
105            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ,
106            "TIMESTAMP_S": TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S,
107            "TIMESTAMP_MS": TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS,
108            "TIMESTAMP_NS": TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS,
109            "TIMESTAMP_US": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
110            "UBIGINT": TokenType.UBIGINT,
111            "UINTEGER": TokenType.UINT,
112            "USMALLINT": TokenType.USMALLINT,
113            "UTINYINT": TokenType.UTINYINT,
114            "VARCHAR": TokenType.TEXT,
115        }
116        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
117
118        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
119            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
120            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
121        }
122
123        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}
124
125        COMMANDS = tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS - {TokenType.SHOW}
126
127    Parser = DuckDBParser
128
129    Generator = DuckDBGenerator
NULL_ORDERING = 'nulls_are_last'

Default NULL ordering method to use if not explicitly set. Possible values: "nulls_are_small", "nulls_are_large", "nulls_are_last"

SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = True

Whether user-defined data types are supported.

INDEX_OFFSET = 1

The base index offset for arrays.

CONCAT_COALESCE = True

A NULL arg in CONCAT yields NULL by default, but in some dialects it yields an empty string.

CONCAT_WS_COALESCE = True

A NULL arg in CONCAT_WS yields NULL by default, but in some dialects it is skipped.

SUPPORTS_ORDER_BY_ALL = True

Whether ORDER BY ALL is supported (expands to all the selected columns) as in DuckDB, Spark3/Databricks

SUPPORTS_LIMIT_ALL = True

Whether LIMIT ALL is supported (equivalent to no limit) as in Postgres.

SUPPORTS_FIXED_SIZE_ARRAYS = True

Whether expressions such as x::INT[5] should be parsed as fixed-size array defs/casts e.g. in DuckDB. In dialects which don't support fixed size arrays such as Snowflake, this should be interpreted as a subscript/index operator.

STRICT_JSON_PATH_SYNTAX = False

Whether failing to parse a JSON path expression using the JSONPath dialect will log a warning.

NUMBERS_CAN_BE_UNDERSCORE_SEPARATED = True

Whether number literals can include underscores for better readability

UUID_IS_STRING_TYPE: bool = False

Whether a UUID is considered a string or a UUID type.

NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = <NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE: 'CASE_INSENSITIVE'>

Specifies the strategy according to which identifiers should be normalized.

ASCII_ONLY_NORMALIZATION = True

Whether identifiers are only normalized with respect to ASCII characters, e.g. Ä and ä are different identifiers in DuckDB, but the same identifier in Spark.

DATE_PART_MAPPING = {'Y': 'YEAR', 'YY': 'YEAR', 'YYY': 'YEAR', 'YYYY': 'YEAR', 'YR': 'YEAR', 'YEARS': 'YEAR', 'YRS': 'YEAR', 'MM': 'MONTH', 'MON': 'MONTH', 'MONS': 'MONTH', 'MONTHS': 'MONTH', 'D': 'DAY', 'DD': 'DAY', 'DAYS': 'DAY', 'DAYOFMONTH': 'DAY', 'DAY OF WEEK': 'DAYOFWEEK', 'DOW': 'DAYOFWEEK', 'DW': 'DAYOFWEEK', 'WEEKDAY_ISO': 'DAYOFWEEKISO', 'DOW_ISO': 'DAYOFWEEKISO', 'DW_ISO': 'DAYOFWEEKISO', 'DAYOFWEEK_ISO': 'DAYOFWEEKISO', 'DAY OF YEAR': 'DAYOFYEAR', 'DOY': 'DAYOFYEAR', 'DY': 'DAYOFYEAR', 'W': 'WEEK', 'WK': 'WEEK', 'WEEKOFYEAR': 'WEEK', 'WOY': 'WEEK', 'WY': 'WEEK', 'WEEK_ISO': 'WEEKISO', 'WEEKOFYEARISO': 'WEEKISO', 'WEEKOFYEAR_ISO': 'WEEKISO', 'Q': 'QUARTER', 'QTR': 'QUARTER', 'QTRS': 'QUARTER', 'QUARTERS': 'QUARTER', 'H': 'HOUR', 'HH': 'HOUR', 'HR': 'HOUR', 'HOURS': 'HOUR', 'HRS': 'HOUR', 'M': 'MINUTE', 'MI': 'MINUTE', 'MIN': 'MINUTE', 'MINUTES': 'MINUTE', 'MINS': 'MINUTE', 'S': 'SECOND', 'SEC': 'SECOND', 'SECONDS': 'SECOND', 'SECS': 'SECOND', 'MS': 'MILLISECOND', 'MSEC': 'MILLISECOND', 'MSECS': 'MILLISECOND', 'MSECOND': 'MILLISECOND', 'MSECONDS': 'MILLISECOND', 'MILLISEC': 'MILLISECOND', 'MILLISECS': 'MILLISECOND', 'MILLISECON': 'MILLISECOND', 'MILLISECONDS': 'MILLISECOND', 'US': 'MICROSECOND', 'USEC': 'MICROSECOND', 'USECS': 'MICROSECOND', 'MICROSEC': 'MICROSECOND', 'MICROSECS': 'MICROSECOND', 'USECOND': 'MICROSECOND', 'USECONDS': 'MICROSECOND', 'MICROSECONDS': 'MICROSECOND', 'NS': 'NANOSECOND', 'NSEC': 'NANOSECOND', 'NANOSEC': 'NANOSECOND', 'NSECOND': 'NANOSECOND', 'NSECONDS': 'NANOSECOND', 'NANOSECS': 'NANOSECOND', 'EPOCH_SECOND': 'EPOCH', 'EPOCH_SECONDS': 'EPOCH', 'EPOCH_MILLISECONDS': 'EPOCH_MILLISECOND', 'EPOCH_MICROSECONDS': 'EPOCH_MICROSECOND', 'EPOCH_NANOSECONDS': 'EPOCH_NANOSECOND', 'TZH': 'TIMEZONE_HOUR', 'TZM': 'TIMEZONE_MINUTE', 'DEC': 'DECADE', 'DECS': 'DECADE', 'DECADES': 'DECADE', 'MIL': 'MILLENNIUM', 'MILS': 'MILLENNIUM', 'MILLENIA': 'MILLENNIUM', 'C': 'CENTURY', 'CENT': 'CENTURY', 'CENTS': 'CENTURY', 'CENTURIES': 'CENTURY', 'DAYOFWEEKISO': 'ISODOW'}
EXPRESSION_METADATA = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Add'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Adjacent'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.And'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayContainedBy'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayContains'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayContainsAll'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayOverlaps'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayPosition'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Binary'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseAnd'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseLeftShift'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseOr'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseRightShift'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseXor'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Collate'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Connector'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Corr'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.DPipe'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Distance'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.DistanceNd'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Div'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Dot'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.EQ'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Escape'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.ExtendsLeft'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.ExtendsRight'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.GT'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.GTE'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Glob'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.ILike'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.IntDiv'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Is'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONArrayContains'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBContains'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBContainsAllTopKeys'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBContainsAnyTopKeys'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBContainsTopKey'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBDeleteAtPath'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBExtract'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBExtractScalar'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBPathExists'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONExtract'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONExtractScalar'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Kwarg'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.LT'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.LTE'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Like'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Match'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Mod'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Mul'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.NEQ'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.NestedJSONSelect'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.NullSafeEQ'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.NullSafeNEQ'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Operator'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Or'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Overlaps'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Pow'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.PropertyEQ'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.RegexpFullMatch'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.RegexpILike'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.RegexpLike'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.SimilarTo'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Sub'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Xor'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Alias'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseNot'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.IgnoreNulls'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Neg'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Not'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Paren'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.PivotAlias'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.RespectNulls'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Unary'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.DenseRank'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.RowNumber'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixSeconds'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArraySize'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixMillis'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Int64'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixMicros'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.ApproxDistinct'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.CountIf'>: {'returns': <DType.INT128: 'INT128'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Rank'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Ntile'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.FromBase64'>: {'returns': <DType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.FromBase32'>: {'returns': <DType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.IsNan'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.IsInf'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Any'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.EndsWith'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.StartsWith'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Between'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.All'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Boolean'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.LogicalOr'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Contains'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.LogicalAnd'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Exists'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.In'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.CurrentDate'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeStrToDate'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DiToDate'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TsOrDsToDate'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.LastDay'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.StrToDate'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateFromParts'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateStrToDate'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Date'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Datetime'>: {'returns': <DType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DatetimeAdd'>: {'returns': <DType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DatetimeSub'>: {'returns': <DType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.CurrentDatetime'>: {'returns': <DType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Asinh'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Radians'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Sqrt'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.ToDouble'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Cosh'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Round'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Kurtosis'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Asin'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Pi'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.StddevPop'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Quantile'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Ln'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Acos'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Skewness'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.CumeDist'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.VariancePop'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.CovarPop'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Tan'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Atan'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Sin'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Avg'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Rand'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.SafeDivide'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Degrees'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Variance'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Cot'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.StddevSamp'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Exp'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Cos'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.ApproxQuantile'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Log'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Acosh'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Cbrt'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Stddev'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.PercentRank'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.CovarSamp'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.PercentileCont'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Tanh'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Atanh'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Sinh'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DayOfWeek'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Floor'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Levenshtein'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Ceil'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateToDi'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Unicode'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Quarter'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.BitLength'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Hour'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.StrPosition'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DayOfMonth'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DatetimeDiff'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Getbit'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Sign'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixDate'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Ascii'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DayOfYear'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Length'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TsOrDiToDi'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeDiff'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimestampDiff'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.datatypes.Interval'>: {'returns': <DType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.MakeInterval'>: {'returns': <DType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.JustifyInterval'>: {'returns': <DType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.JustifyHours'>: {'returns': <DType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.JustifyDays'>: {'returns': <DType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.ParseJSON'>: {'returns': <DType.JSON: 'JSON'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeAdd'>: {'returns': <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Time'>: {'returns': <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeSub'>: {'returns': <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Localtime'>: {'returns': <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.CurrentTime'>: {'returns': <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimestampLtzFromParts'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.CurrentTimestampLTZ'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimestampTzFromParts'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeStrToTime'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixToTime'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.StrToTime'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimestampSub'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.CurrentTimestamp'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimestampAdd'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Month'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.YearOfWeek'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Year'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DayOfWeekIso'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.WeekOfYear'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Week'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Day'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.YearOfWeekIso'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayToString'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentCatalog'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentUser'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixToTimeStr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Repeat'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Dayname'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.GroupConcat'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentSchema'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Space'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentRole'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Initcap'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.RawString'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.ToBase32'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Typeof'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Chr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.ConcatWs'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeToStr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Translate'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.SHA2'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Substring'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.SHA'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixToStr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.String'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.MD5'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Lower'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Trim'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TsOrDsToDateStr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.ToBase64'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Upper'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Concat'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateToDateStr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.SessionUser'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeToTimeStr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Monthname'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentVersion'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.LastValue'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Abs'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Filter'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.ArrayConcatAgg'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.Limit'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.Window'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArraySlice'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.HavingMax'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.NthValue'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.SortArray'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayReverse'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.AnyValue'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.Order'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.FirstValue'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Min'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Coalesce'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Max'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayConcat'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Least'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Greatest'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayFirst'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayLast'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Anonymous'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateTrunc'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateAdd'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateSub'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Cast'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.TryCast'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.Map'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.VarMap'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.Array'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.ArrayAgg'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Bracket'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Case'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Count'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateDiff'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.datatypes.DataType'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Distinct'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.Explode'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Extract'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.HexString'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.GenerateSeries'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.GenerateDateArray'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.GenerateTimestampArray'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.If'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Lag'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Lead'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Literal'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Null'>: {'returns': <DType.NULL: 'NULL'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Nullif'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.Struct'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Sum'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Timestamp'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ToMap'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.Unnest'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.WithinGroup'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.Subquery'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Minute'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Second'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Factorial'>: {'returns': <DType.INT128: 'INT128'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.JarowinklerSimilarity'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeToUnix'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Atan2'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Format'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Reverse'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Decode'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Unhex'>: {'returns': <DType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Encode'>: {'returns': <DType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateBin'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.PercentileDisc'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Localtimestamp'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.ToDays'>: {'returns': <DType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeFromParts'>: {'returns': <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'%e': '%-d', '%:z': '%z', '%-z': '%z', '%f_zero': '%n', '%f_one': '%n', '%f_two': '%n', '%f_three': '%g', '%f_four': '%n', '%f_five': '%n', '%f_seven': '%n', '%f_eight': '%n', '%f_nine': '%n', '%mstrict': '%m', '%dstrict': '%d', '%Hstrict': '%H', '%Istrict': '%I', '%Mstrict': '%M', '%Sstrict': '%S'}
def to_json_path( self, path: sqlglot.expressions.core.Expr | None) -> sqlglot.expressions.core.Expr | None:
58    def to_json_path(self, path: exp.Expr | None) -> exp.Expr | None:
59        if isinstance(path, exp.Literal):
60            # DuckDB also supports the JSON pointer syntax, where every path starts with a `/`.
61            # Additionally, it allows accessing the back of lists using the `[#-i]` syntax.
62            # This check ensures we'll avoid trying to parse these as JSON paths, which can
63            # either result in a noisy warning or in an invalid representation of the path.
64            path_text = path.name
65            if path_text.startswith("/") or "[#" in path_text:
66                return path
67
68        return super().to_json_path(path)
SUPPORTS_COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS = False

Whether the old-style outer join (+) syntax is supported.

UNESCAPED_SEQUENCES: dict[str, str] = {'\\a': '\x07', '\\b': '\x08', '\\f': '\x0c', '\\n': '\n', '\\r': '\r', '\\t': '\t', '\\v': '\x0b', '\\\\': '\\'}

Mapping of an escaped sequence (\n) to its unescaped version ( ).

STRINGS_SUPPORT_ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: bool = False

Whether string literals support escape sequences (e.g. \n). Set by the metaclass based on the tokenizer's STRING_ESCAPES.

BYTE_STRINGS_SUPPORT_ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: bool = True

Whether byte string literals support escape sequences. Set by the metaclass based on the tokenizer's BYTE_STRING_ESCAPES.

INITCAP_SUPPORTS_CUSTOM_DELIMITERS = False
tokenizer_class = <class 'DuckDB.Tokenizer'>
jsonpath_tokenizer_class = <class 'sqlglot.dialects.dialect.JSONPathTokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'sqlglot.parsers.duckdb.DuckDBParser'>
generator_class = <class 'sqlglot.generators.duckdb.DuckDBGenerator'>
TIME_TRIE: dict = {}
FORMAT_TRIE: dict = {}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: dict = {'%': {'e': {0: True}, ':': {'z': {0: True}}, '-': {'z': {0: True}}, 'f': {'_': {'z': {'e': {'r': {'o': {0: True}}}}, 'o': {'n': {'e': {0: True}}}, 't': {'w': {'o': {0: True}}, 'h': {'r': {'e': {'e': {0: True}}}}}, 'f': {'o': {'u': {'r': {0: True}}}, 'i': {'v': {'e': {0: True}}}}, 's': {'e': {'v': {'e': {'n': {0: True}}}}}, 'e': {'i': {'g': {'h': {'t': {0: True}}}}}, 'n': {'i': {'n': {'e': {0: True}}}}}}, 'm': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'd': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'H': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'I': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'M': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'S': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}}}
INVERSE_FORMAT_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'%mstrict': '%m', '%dstrict': '%d', '%Hstrict': '%H', '%Istrict': '%I', '%Mstrict': '%M', '%Sstrict': '%S'}
INVERSE_FORMAT_TRIE: dict = {'%': {'m': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'd': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'H': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'I': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'M': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'S': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}}}
INVERSE_CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {}
ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: dict[str, str] = {'\x07': '\\a', '\x08': '\\b', '\x0c': '\\f', '\n': '\\n', '\r': '\\r', '\t': '\\t', '\x0b': '\\v', '\\': '\\\\'}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '"'
IDENTIFIER_END = '"'
VALID_INTERVAL_UNITS: set[str] = {'MICROSECS', 'MINUTES', 'YEAR', 'WY', 'DAYOFMONTH', 'ISODOW', 'DOW', 'MONTH', 'MICROSECOND', 'TIMEZONE_MINUTE', 'EPOCH_MICROSECONDS', 'MINUTE', 'DAYOFWEEK_ISO', 'TZH', 'Y', 'DW', 'WEEK', 'MM', 'DAYOFWEEK', 'QUARTER', 'MSEC', 'NSEC', 'M', 'USECS', 'NANOSECS', 'WEEKDAY', 'DW_ISO', 'MONTHS', 'D', 'MINS', 'DY', 'DAYOFYEAR', 'WK', 'HH', 'MS', 'TIMEZONE_HOUR', 'MIL', 'S', 'YYYY', 'DECADES', 'MON', 'NANOSECOND', 'WEEKOFYEAR', 'HOUR', 'TZM', 'MILLENNIUM', 'SECONDS', 'DOW_ISO', 'DAY OF WEEK', 'USECOND', 'H', 'MILLISECON', 'QTRS', 'MILLISECS', 'DOY', 'SECOND', 'EPOCH_MILLISECOND', 'HRS', 'DEC', 'EPOCH_SECONDS', 'YYY', 'YY', 'YRS', 'MSECONDS', 'SEC', 'USEC', 'MILLISECOND', 'HOURS', 'DAY OF YEAR', 'MILLISEC', 'C', 'MSECOND', 'WEEKDAY_ISO', 'EPOCH_NANOSECOND', 'NANOSEC', 'SECS', 'CENTURY', 'MILS', 'US', 'WEEKOFYEAR_ISO', 'WEEKOFYEARISO', 'QUARTERS', 'YR', 'EPOCH', 'EPOCH_MILLISECONDS', 'MONS', 'MILLISECONDS', 'MICROSECONDS', 'MI', 'WEEK_ISO', 'MIN', 'MILLENIA', 'WOY', 'CENTS', 'EPOCH_MICROSECOND', 'DAYS', 'MSECS', 'CENT', 'W', 'MICROSEC', 'HR', 'NS', 'DD', 'EPOCH_NANOSECONDS', 'DECADE', 'NSECONDS', 'DAY', 'DECS', 'DAYOFWEEKISO', 'USECONDS', 'YEARS', 'NSECOND', 'CENTURIES', 'WEEKISO', 'QTR', 'Q', 'EPOCH_SECOND'}
BIT_START: str | None = None
BIT_END: str | None = None
HEX_START: str | None = None
HEX_END: str | None = None
BYTE_START: str | None = "e'"
BYTE_END: str | None = "'"
UNICODE_START: str | None = None
UNICODE_END: str | None = None
class DuckDB.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer):
 70    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
 71        BYTE_STRINGS = [("e'", "'"), ("E'", "'")]
 72        BYTE_STRING_ESCAPES = ["'", "\\"]
 73        HEREDOC_STRINGS = ["$"]
 74
 75        HEREDOC_TAG_IS_IDENTIFIER = True
 76        HEREDOC_STRING_ALTERNATIVE = TokenType.PARAMETER
 77
 78        KEYWORDS = {
 79            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
 80            "//": TokenType.DIV,
 81            "**": TokenType.DSTAR,
 82            "^@": TokenType.CARET_AT,
 83            "@>": TokenType.AT_GT,
 84            "<@": TokenType.LT_AT,
 85            "ATTACH": TokenType.ATTACH,
 86            "BINARY": TokenType.VARBINARY,
 87            "BITSTRING": TokenType.BIT,
 88            "BPCHAR": TokenType.TEXT,
 89            "CHAR": TokenType.TEXT,
 90            "DATETIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ,
 91            "DETACH": TokenType.DETACH,
 92            "FORCE": TokenType.FORCE,
 93            "INSTALL": TokenType.INSTALL,
 94            "INT8": TokenType.BIGINT,
 95            "LOGICAL": TokenType.BOOLEAN,
 96            "MACRO": TokenType.FUNCTION,
 97            "ONLY": TokenType.ONLY,
 98            "PIVOT_WIDER": TokenType.PIVOT,
 99            "POSITIONAL": TokenType.POSITIONAL,
100            "RESET": TokenType.COMMAND,
101            "ROW": TokenType.STRUCT,
102            "SIGNED": TokenType.INT,
103            "STRING": TokenType.TEXT,
104            "SUMMARIZE": TokenType.SUMMARIZE,
105            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ,
106            "TIMESTAMP_S": TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S,
107            "TIMESTAMP_MS": TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS,
108            "TIMESTAMP_NS": TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS,
109            "TIMESTAMP_US": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
110            "UBIGINT": TokenType.UBIGINT,
111            "UINTEGER": TokenType.UINT,
112            "USMALLINT": TokenType.USMALLINT,
113            "UTINYINT": TokenType.UTINYINT,
114            "VARCHAR": TokenType.TEXT,
115        }
116        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
117
118        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
119            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
120            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
121        }
122
123        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}
124
125        COMMANDS = tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS - {TokenType.SHOW}
BYTE_STRINGS = [("e'", "'"), ("E'", "'")]
BYTE_STRING_ESCAPES = ["'", '\\']
HEREDOC_STRINGS = ['$']
HEREDOC_TAG_IS_IDENTIFIER = True
HEREDOC_STRING_ALTERNATIVE = <TokenType.PARAMETER: 58>
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '&<': <TokenType.AMP_LT: 63>, '&>': <TokenType.AMP_GT: 64>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 28>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 14>, '?::': <TokenType.QDCOLON: 370>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 37>, '|>': <TokenType.PIPE_GT: 38>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 26>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 24>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 29>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 29>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 31>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 30>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 45>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 46>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 47>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 49>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 50>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 51>, '<<->>': <TokenType.LLRR_ARROW: 52>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 62>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 18>, '~~~': <TokenType.GLOB: 287>, '~~': <TokenType.LIKE: 318>, '~~*': <TokenType.ILIKE: 295>, '~*': <TokenType.IRLIKE: 307>, '-|-': <TokenType.ADJACENT: 65>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 220>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 34>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 221>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 222>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 225>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 218>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 226>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 228>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 228>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.BEGIN: 229>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 230>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 232>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 414>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 233>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 235>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 236>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 81>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 239>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 240>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 241>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COPY: 242>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 243>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 244>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 245>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 246>, 'CURRENT_SCHEMA': <TokenType.CURRENT_SCHEMA: 248>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 249>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 250>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 251>, 'CURRENT_CATALOG': <TokenType.CURRENT_CATALOG: 254>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 80>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 256>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 257>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 258>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 259>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 262>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 263>, 'DIV': <TokenType.DIV: 264>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 265>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 266>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 267>, 'ENUM': <TokenType.ENUM: 205>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 268>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 269>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 270>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 271>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 272>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 273>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 276>, 'FILE': <TokenType.FILE: 274>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 278>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 284>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 285>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 279>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 281>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 282>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 283>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 172>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 175>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 287>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 290>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 291>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 292>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 295>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 296>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 297>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 200>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 299>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 300>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 304>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 303>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 305>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 308>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 309>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 310>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 312>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 314>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 316>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 317>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 318>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 319>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 321>, 'LOCALTIME': <TokenType.LOCALTIME: 179>, 'LOCALTIMESTAMP': <TokenType.LOCALTIMESTAMP: 180>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 322>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 328>, 'NAMESPACE': <TokenType.NAMESPACE: 440>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 331>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 332>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 27>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 334>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 335>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 199>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 337>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 338>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 35>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 66>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 341>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 344>, 'OUT': <TokenType.OUT: 345>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 347>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 348>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 349>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 350>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 352>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 353>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 353>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 353>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 354>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 355>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 360>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 362>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 363>, 'OPERATOR': <TokenType.OPERATOR: 340>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 368>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 371>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 372>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 380>, 'RENAME': <TokenType.RENAME: 374>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 375>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 376>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 378>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 379>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 380>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 382>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 383>, 'ROW': <TokenType.STRUCT: 403>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 385>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 83>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 387>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 388>, 'SESSION': <TokenType.SESSION: 59>, 'SESSION_USER': <TokenType.SESSION_USER: 61>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 392>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 393>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 394>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 395>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 396>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 397>, 'SQL SECURITY': <TokenType.SQL_SECURITY: 399>, 'STRAIGHT_JOIN': <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 402>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 84>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 405>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 407>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 407>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 409>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 410>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 411>, 'TRIGGER': <TokenType.TRIGGER: 412>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 416>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 214>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 417>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 418>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 419>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 420>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 421>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 171>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 422>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 424>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 426>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 428>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 429>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 430>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 431>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 223>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 224>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 97>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 98>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 98>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 103>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 110>, 'UHUGEINT': <TokenType.UINT128: 111>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 110>, 'INT256': <TokenType.INT256: 112>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'INT8': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'UINT': <TokenType.UINT: 106>, 'UINT128': <TokenType.UINT128: 111>, 'UINT256': <TokenType.UINT256: 113>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'DECIMAL32': <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 118>, 'DECIMAL64': <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 119>, 'DECIMAL128': <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 120>, 'DECIMAL256': <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 121>, 'DECFLOAT': <TokenType.DECFLOAT: 122>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 124>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 124>, 'BIGNUM': <TokenType.BIGNUM: 109>, 'LIST': <TokenType.LIST: 320>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 323>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 174>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 114>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 114>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 114>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 115>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 115>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 115>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 141>, 'JSONB': <TokenType.JSONB: 142>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 125>, 'CHAR VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'CHARACTER VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 126>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 128>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 128>, 'BPCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 132>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 131>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 137>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 140>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 140>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 135>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 134>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 136>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 140>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 140>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 143>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 144>, 'TIME_NS': <TokenType.TIME_NS: 145>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 149>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 147>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 148>, 'TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 148>, 'TIMESTAMPNTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 149>, 'TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 149>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 157>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 149>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 159>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 160>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 161>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 162>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 163>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 164>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 165>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 166>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 167>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 168>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 169>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 170>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 432>, 'VECTOR': <TokenType.VECTOR: 215>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 403>, 'SEQUENCE': <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 390>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 198>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 219>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.ANALYZE: 439>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 238>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.GRANT: 289>, 'REVOKE': <TokenType.REVOKE: 377>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 193>, '//': <TokenType.DIV: 264>, '**': <TokenType.DSTAR: 67>, '^@': <TokenType.CARET_AT: 43>, '@>': <TokenType.AT_GT: 56>, '<@': <TokenType.LT_AT: 55>, 'ATTACH': <TokenType.ATTACH: 227>, 'BITSTRING': <TokenType.BIT: 97>, 'DETACH': <TokenType.DETACH: 260>, 'FORCE': <TokenType.FORCE: 280>, 'INSTALL': <TokenType.INSTALL: 301>, 'LOGICAL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 98>, 'MACRO': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 285>, 'ONLY': <TokenType.ONLY: 339>, 'PIVOT_WIDER': <TokenType.PIVOT: 355>, 'POSITIONAL': <TokenType.POSITIONAL: 359>, 'RESET': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'SIGNED': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'SUMMARIZE': <TokenType.SUMMARIZE: 404>, 'TIMESTAMP_S': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 150>, 'TIMESTAMP_MS': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 151>, 'TIMESTAMP_NS': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 152>, 'TIMESTAMP_US': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 146>, 'UBIGINT': <TokenType.UBIGINT: 108>, 'UINTEGER': <TokenType.UINT: 106>, 'USMALLINT': <TokenType.USMALLINT: 102>, 'UTINYINT': <TokenType.UTINYINT: 100>}
SINGLE_TOKENS = {'(': <TokenType.L_PAREN: 1>, ')': <TokenType.R_PAREN: 2>, '[': <TokenType.L_BRACKET: 3>, ']': <TokenType.R_BRACKET: 4>, '{': <TokenType.L_BRACE: 5>, '}': <TokenType.R_BRACE: 6>, '&': <TokenType.AMP: 36>, '^': <TokenType.CARET: 42>, ':': <TokenType.COLON: 11>, ',': <TokenType.COMMA: 7>, '.': <TokenType.DOT: 8>, '-': <TokenType.DASH: 9>, '=': <TokenType.EQ: 28>, '>': <TokenType.GT: 25>, '<': <TokenType.LT: 23>, '%': <TokenType.MOD: 329>, '!': <TokenType.NOT: 27>, '|': <TokenType.PIPE: 39>, '+': <TokenType.PLUS: 10>, ';': <TokenType.SEMICOLON: 19>, '/': <TokenType.SLASH: 22>, '\\': <TokenType.BACKSLASH: 21>, '*': <TokenType.STAR: 20>, '~': <TokenType.TILDE: 44>, '?': <TokenType.PLACEHOLDER: 356>, '@': <TokenType.PARAMETER: 58>, '#': <TokenType.HASH: 48>, "'": <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 214>, '`': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 214>, '"': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 214>, '$': <TokenType.PARAMETER: 58>}
VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {'$'}
COMMANDS = {<TokenType.FETCH: 273>, <TokenType.RENAME: 374>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 270>}
class Dune(sqlglot.dialects.Trino):
10class Dune(Trino):
11    Parser = DuneParser
12
13    class Tokenizer(Trino.Tokenizer):
14        HEX_STRINGS = ["0x", ("X'", "'")]
15
16    Generator = DuneGenerator
Parser = <class 'sqlglot.parsers.dune.DuneParser'>
SUPPORTS_COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS = False

Whether the old-style outer join (+) syntax is supported.

STRINGS_SUPPORT_ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: bool = False

Whether string literals support escape sequences (e.g. \n). Set by the metaclass based on the tokenizer's STRING_ESCAPES.

BYTE_STRINGS_SUPPORT_ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: bool = False

Whether byte string literals support escape sequences. Set by the metaclass based on the tokenizer's BYTE_STRING_ESCAPES.

INITCAP_SUPPORTS_CUSTOM_DELIMITERS = False
tokenizer_class = <class 'Dune.Tokenizer'>
jsonpath_tokenizer_class = <class 'sqlglot.dialects.dialect.JSONPathTokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'sqlglot.parsers.dune.DuneParser'>
generator_class = <class 'sqlglot.generators.dune.DuneGenerator'>
TIME_TRIE: dict = {'%': {'M': {0: True}, 'c': {0: True}, 'e': {0: True}, 'h': {0: True}, 'i': {0: True}, 's': {0: True}, 'u': {0: True}, 'k': {0: True}, 'l': {0: True}, 'r': {0: True}, 'T': {0: True}, 'W': {0: True}, 'x': {0: True}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: dict = {'%': {'M': {0: True}, 'c': {0: True}, 'e': {0: True}, 'h': {0: True}, 'i': {0: True}, 's': {0: True}, 'u': {0: True}, 'k': {0: True}, 'l': {0: True}, 'r': {0: True}, 'T': {0: True}, 'W': {0: True}, 'x': {0: True}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'%B': '%M', '%-m': '%c', '%-d': '%e', '%I': '%h', '%M': '%i', '%S': '%s', '%W': '%u', '%-H': '%k', '%-I': '%l', '%I:%M:%S %p': '%r', '%H:%M:%S': '%T', '%A': '%W', '%G': '%x', '%mstrict': '%m', '%dstrict': '%d', '%Hstrict': '%H', '%Istrict': '%h', '%Mstrict': '%i', '%Sstrict': '%s'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: dict = {'%': {'B': {0: True}, '-': {'m': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'I': {0: True, ':': {'%': {'M': {':': {'%': {'S': {' ': {'%': {'p': {0: True}}}}}}}}}, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'M': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'S': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'W': {0: True}, 'H': {':': {'%': {'M': {':': {'%': {'S': {0: True}}}}}}, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'A': {0: True}, 'G': {0: True}, 'm': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'd': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}}}
INVERSE_FORMAT_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'%mstrict': '%m', '%dstrict': '%d', '%Hstrict': '%H', '%Istrict': '%I', '%Mstrict': '%M', '%Sstrict': '%S'}
INVERSE_FORMAT_TRIE: dict = {'%': {'m': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'd': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'H': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'I': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'M': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'S': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}}}
INVERSE_CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {}
ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: dict[str, str] = {}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '"'
IDENTIFIER_END = '"'
VALID_INTERVAL_UNITS: set[str] = {'MICROSECS', 'MINUTES', 'YEAR', 'WY', 'DAYOFMONTH', 'DOW', 'MONTH', 'MICROSECOND', 'TIMEZONE_MINUTE', 'EPOCH_MICROSECONDS', 'MINUTE', 'DAYOFWEEK_ISO', 'TZH', 'Y', 'DW', 'WEEK', 'MM', 'DAYOFWEEK', 'QUARTER', 'MSEC', 'NSEC', 'M', 'USECS', 'NANOSECS', 'WEEKDAY', 'DW_ISO', 'MONTHS', 'D', 'MINS', 'DY', 'DAYOFYEAR', 'WK', 'HH', 'MS', 'TIMEZONE_HOUR', 'MIL', 'S', 'YYYY', 'DECADES', 'MON', 'NANOSECOND', 'WEEKOFYEAR', 'HOUR', 'TZM', 'MILLENNIUM', 'SECONDS', 'DOW_ISO', 'DAY OF WEEK', 'USECOND', 'H', 'MILLISECON', 'QTRS', 'MILLISECS', 'DOY', 'SECOND', 'EPOCH_MILLISECOND', 'HRS', 'DEC', 'EPOCH_SECONDS', 'YYY', 'YY', 'YRS', 'MSECONDS', 'SEC', 'USEC', 'MILLISECOND', 'HOURS', 'DAY OF YEAR', 'MILLISEC', 'C', 'MSECOND', 'WEEKDAY_ISO', 'EPOCH_NANOSECOND', 'NANOSEC', 'SECS', 'CENTURY', 'MILS', 'US', 'WEEKOFYEAR_ISO', 'WEEKOFYEARISO', 'QUARTERS', 'YR', 'EPOCH', 'EPOCH_MILLISECONDS', 'MONS', 'MILLISECONDS', 'MICROSECONDS', 'MI', 'WEEK_ISO', 'MIN', 'MILLENIA', 'WOY', 'CENTS', 'EPOCH_MICROSECOND', 'DAYS', 'MSECS', 'CENT', 'W', 'MICROSEC', 'HR', 'NS', 'DD', 'EPOCH_NANOSECONDS', 'DECADE', 'NSECONDS', 'DAY', 'DECS', 'DAYOFWEEKISO', 'USECONDS', 'YEARS', 'NSECOND', 'CENTURIES', 'WEEKISO', 'QTR', 'Q', 'EPOCH_SECOND'}
BIT_START: str | None = None
BIT_END: str | None = None
HEX_START: str | None = '0x'
HEX_END: str | None = '0x'
BYTE_START: str | None = None
BYTE_END: str | None = None
UNICODE_START: str | None = "U&'"
UNICODE_END: str | None = "'"
class Dune.Tokenizer(sqlglot.dialects.Trino.Tokenizer):
13    class Tokenizer(Trino.Tokenizer):
14        HEX_STRINGS = ["0x", ("X'", "'")]
HEX_STRINGS = ['0x', ("X'", "'")]
BYTE_STRING_ESCAPES: ClassVar[list[str]] = ["'"]
class Exasol(sqlglot.dialects.Dialect):
15class Exasol(Dialect):
16    # https://docs.exasol.com/db/latest/sql_references/basiclanguageelements.htm#SQLidentifier
17    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.UPPERCASE
18    # https://docs.exasol.com/db/latest/sql_references/data_types/datatypesoverview.htm
19    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
20    # https://docs.exasol.com/db/latest/sql/select.htm
21    SUPPORTS_COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS = True
22    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_last"
23    # https://docs.exasol.com/db/latest/sql_references/literals.htm#StringLiterals
24    CONCAT_COALESCE = True
25
26    TIME_MAPPING = {
27        "yyyy": "%Y",
28        "YYYY": "%Y",
29        "yy": "%y",
30        "YY": "%y",
31        "mm": "%m",
32        "MM": "%m",
33        "MONTH": "%B",
34        "MON": "%b",
35        "dd": "%d",
36        "DD": "%d",
37        "DAY": "%A",
38        "DY": "%a",
39        "H12": "%I",
40        "H24": "%H",
41        "HH": "%H",
42        "ID": "%u",
43        "vW": "%V",
44        "IW": "%V",
45        "vYYY": "%G",
46        "IYYY": "%G",
47        "MI": "%M",
48        "SS": "%S",
49        "uW": "%W",
50        "UW": "%U",
51        "Z": "%z",
52    }
53
54    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
55        IDENTIFIERS = ['"', ("[", "]")]
56        KEYWORDS = {
57            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
58            "USER": TokenType.CURRENT_USER,
59            # https://docs.exasol.com/db/latest/sql_references/functions/alphabeticallistfunctions/if.htm
60            "ENDIF": TokenType.END,
61            "LONG VARCHAR": TokenType.TEXT,
62            "REGEXP_LIKE": TokenType.RLIKE,
63            "SEPARATOR": TokenType.SEPARATOR,
64            "SYSTIMESTAMP": TokenType.SYSTIMESTAMP,
65            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
66        }
67        KEYWORDS.pop("DIV")
68
69    Parser = ExasolParser
70
71    Generator = ExasolGenerator
NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = <NormalizationStrategy.UPPERCASE: 'UPPERCASE'>

Specifies the strategy according to which identifiers should be normalized.

SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False

Whether user-defined data types are supported.

SUPPORTS_COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS = False

Whether the old-style outer join (+) syntax is supported.

NULL_ORDERING = 'nulls_are_last'

Default NULL ordering method to use if not explicitly set. Possible values: "nulls_are_small", "nulls_are_large", "nulls_are_last"

CONCAT_COALESCE = True

A NULL arg in CONCAT yields NULL by default, but in some dialects it yields an empty string.

TIME_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'yyyy': '%Y', 'YYYY': '%Y', 'yy': '%y', 'YY': '%y', 'mm': '%m', 'MM': '%m', 'MONTH': '%B', 'MON': '%b', 'dd': '%d', 'DD': '%d', 'DAY': '%A', 'DY': '%a', 'H12': '%I', 'H24': '%H', 'HH': '%H', 'ID': '%u', 'vW': '%V', 'IW': '%V', 'vYYY': '%G', 'IYYY': '%G', 'MI': '%M', 'SS': '%S', 'uW': '%W', 'UW': '%U', 'Z': '%z'}

Associates this dialect's time formats with their equivalent Python strftime formats.

STRINGS_SUPPORT_ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: bool = False

Whether string literals support escape sequences (e.g. \n). Set by the metaclass based on the tokenizer's STRING_ESCAPES.

BYTE_STRINGS_SUPPORT_ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: bool = False

Whether byte string literals support escape sequences. Set by the metaclass based on the tokenizer's BYTE_STRING_ESCAPES.

INITCAP_SUPPORTS_CUSTOM_DELIMITERS = False
tokenizer_class = <class 'Exasol.Tokenizer'>
jsonpath_tokenizer_class = <class 'sqlglot.dialects.dialect.JSONPathTokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'sqlglot.parsers.exasol.ExasolParser'>
generator_class = <class 'sqlglot.generators.exasol.ExasolGenerator'>
TIME_TRIE: dict = {'y': {'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'm': {'m': {0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {0: True}, 'O': {'N': {'T': {'H': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'd': {'d': {0: True}}, 'D': {'D': {0: True}, 'A': {'Y': {0: True}}, 'Y': {0: True}}, 'H': {'1': {'2': {0: True}}, '2': {'4': {0: True}}, 'H': {0: True}}, 'I': {'D': {0: True}, 'W': {0: True}, 'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}}}, 'v': {'W': {0: True}, 'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}, 'u': {'W': {0: True}}, 'U': {'W': {0: True}}, 'Z': {0: True}}
FORMAT_TRIE: dict = {'y': {'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'm': {'m': {0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {0: True}, 'O': {'N': {'T': {'H': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'd': {'d': {0: True}}, 'D': {'D': {0: True}, 'A': {'Y': {0: True}}, 'Y': {0: True}}, 'H': {'1': {'2': {0: True}}, '2': {'4': {0: True}}, 'H': {0: True}}, 'I': {'D': {0: True}, 'W': {0: True}, 'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}}}, 'v': {'W': {0: True}, 'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}, 'u': {'W': {0: True}}, 'U': {'W': {0: True}}, 'Z': {0: True}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'%Y': 'YYYY', '%y': 'YY', '%m': 'MM', '%B': 'MONTH', '%b': 'MON', '%d': 'DD', '%A': 'DAY', '%a': 'DY', '%I': 'H12', '%H': 'HH', '%u': 'ID', '%V': 'IW', '%G': 'IYYY', '%M': 'MI', '%S': 'SS', '%W': 'uW', '%U': 'UW', '%z': 'Z', '%mstrict': 'MM', '%dstrict': 'DD', '%Hstrict': 'HH', '%Istrict': 'H12', '%Mstrict': 'MI', '%Sstrict': 'SS'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: dict = {'%': {'Y': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}, 'm': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'B': {0: True}, 'b': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'A': {0: True}, 'a': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'H': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'u': {0: True}, 'V': {0: True}, 'G': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'S': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'W': {0: True}, 'U': {0: True}, 'z': {0: True}}}
INVERSE_FORMAT_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'%mstrict': '%m', '%dstrict': '%d', '%Hstrict': '%H', '%Istrict': '%I', '%Mstrict': '%M', '%Sstrict': '%S'}
INVERSE_FORMAT_TRIE: dict = {'%': {'m': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'd': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'H': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'I': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'M': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'S': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}}}
INVERSE_CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {}
ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: dict[str, str] = {}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '"'
IDENTIFIER_END = '"'
VALID_INTERVAL_UNITS: set[str] = {'MICROSECS', 'MINUTES', 'YEAR', 'WY', 'DAYOFMONTH', 'DOW', 'MONTH', 'MICROSECOND', 'TIMEZONE_MINUTE', 'EPOCH_MICROSECONDS', 'MINUTE', 'DAYOFWEEK_ISO', 'TZH', 'Y', 'DW', 'WEEK', 'MM', 'DAYOFWEEK', 'QUARTER', 'MSEC', 'NSEC', 'M', 'USECS', 'NANOSECS', 'WEEKDAY', 'DW_ISO', 'MONTHS', 'D', 'MINS', 'DY', 'DAYOFYEAR', 'WK', 'HH', 'MS', 'TIMEZONE_HOUR', 'MIL', 'S', 'YYYY', 'DECADES', 'MON', 'NANOSECOND', 'WEEKOFYEAR', 'HOUR', 'TZM', 'MILLENNIUM', 'SECONDS', 'DOW_ISO', 'DAY OF WEEK', 'USECOND', 'H', 'MILLISECON', 'QTRS', 'MILLISECS', 'DOY', 'SECOND', 'EPOCH_MILLISECOND', 'HRS', 'DEC', 'EPOCH_SECONDS', 'YYY', 'YY', 'YRS', 'MSECONDS', 'SEC', 'USEC', 'MILLISECOND', 'HOURS', 'DAY OF YEAR', 'MILLISEC', 'C', 'MSECOND', 'WEEKDAY_ISO', 'EPOCH_NANOSECOND', 'NANOSEC', 'SECS', 'CENTURY', 'MILS', 'US', 'WEEKOFYEAR_ISO', 'WEEKOFYEARISO', 'QUARTERS', 'YR', 'EPOCH', 'EPOCH_MILLISECONDS', 'MONS', 'MILLISECONDS', 'MICROSECONDS', 'MI', 'WEEK_ISO', 'MIN', 'MILLENIA', 'WOY', 'CENTS', 'EPOCH_MICROSECOND', 'DAYS', 'MSECS', 'CENT', 'W', 'MICROSEC', 'HR', 'NS', 'DD', 'EPOCH_NANOSECONDS', 'DECADE', 'NSECONDS', 'DAY', 'DECS', 'DAYOFWEEKISO', 'USECONDS', 'YEARS', 'NSECOND', 'CENTURIES', 'WEEKISO', 'QTR', 'Q', 'EPOCH_SECOND'}
BIT_START: str | None = None
BIT_END: str | None = None
HEX_START: str | None = None
HEX_END: str | None = None
BYTE_START: str | None = None
BYTE_END: str | None = None
UNICODE_START: str | None = None
UNICODE_END: str | None = None
class Exasol.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer):
54    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
55        IDENTIFIERS = ['"', ("[", "]")]
56        KEYWORDS = {
57            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
58            "USER": TokenType.CURRENT_USER,
59            # https://docs.exasol.com/db/latest/sql_references/functions/alphabeticallistfunctions/if.htm
60            "ENDIF": TokenType.END,
61            "LONG VARCHAR": TokenType.TEXT,
62            "REGEXP_LIKE": TokenType.RLIKE,
63            "SEPARATOR": TokenType.SEPARATOR,
64            "SYSTIMESTAMP": TokenType.SYSTIMESTAMP,
65            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
66        }
67        KEYWORDS.pop("DIV")
IDENTIFIERS = ['"', ('[', ']')]
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '/*+': <TokenType.HINT: 293>, '&<': <TokenType.AMP_LT: 63>, '&>': <TokenType.AMP_GT: 64>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 28>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 14>, '?::': <TokenType.QDCOLON: 370>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 37>, '|>': <TokenType.PIPE_GT: 38>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 26>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 24>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 29>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 29>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 31>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 30>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 45>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 46>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 47>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 49>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 50>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 51>, '<<->>': <TokenType.LLRR_ARROW: 52>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 62>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 18>, '~~~': <TokenType.GLOB: 287>, '~~': <TokenType.LIKE: 318>, '~~*': <TokenType.ILIKE: 295>, '~*': <TokenType.IRLIKE: 307>, '-|-': <TokenType.ADJACENT: 65>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 220>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 34>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 221>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 222>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 225>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 218>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 226>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 228>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 228>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.BEGIN: 229>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 230>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 232>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 414>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 233>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 235>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 236>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 81>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 239>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 240>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 241>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COPY: 242>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 243>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 244>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 245>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 246>, 'CURRENT_SCHEMA': <TokenType.CURRENT_SCHEMA: 248>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 249>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 250>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 251>, 'CURRENT_CATALOG': <TokenType.CURRENT_CATALOG: 254>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 80>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 256>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 257>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 258>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 259>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 262>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 263>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 265>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 266>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 267>, 'ENUM': <TokenType.ENUM: 205>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 268>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 269>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 270>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 271>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 272>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 273>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 276>, 'FILE': <TokenType.FILE: 274>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 278>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 284>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 285>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 279>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 281>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 282>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 283>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 172>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 175>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 287>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 290>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 291>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 292>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 295>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 296>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 297>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 200>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 299>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 300>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 304>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 303>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 305>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 308>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 309>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 310>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 312>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 314>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 316>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 317>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 318>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 319>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 321>, 'LOCALTIME': <TokenType.LOCALTIME: 179>, 'LOCALTIMESTAMP': <TokenType.LOCALTIMESTAMP: 180>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 322>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 328>, 'NAMESPACE': <TokenType.NAMESPACE: 440>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 331>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 332>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 27>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 334>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 335>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 199>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 337>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 338>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 35>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 66>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 341>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 344>, 'OUT': <TokenType.OUT: 345>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 347>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 348>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 349>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 350>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 352>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 353>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 353>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 353>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 354>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 355>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 360>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 362>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 363>, 'OPERATOR': <TokenType.OPERATOR: 340>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 368>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 371>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 372>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 380>, 'RENAME': <TokenType.RENAME: 374>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 375>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 376>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 378>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 379>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 380>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 382>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 383>, 'ROW': <TokenType.ROW: 384>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 385>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 83>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 387>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 388>, 'SESSION': <TokenType.SESSION: 59>, 'SESSION_USER': <TokenType.SESSION_USER: 61>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 392>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 393>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 394>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 395>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 396>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 397>, 'SQL SECURITY': <TokenType.SQL_SECURITY: 399>, 'STRAIGHT_JOIN': <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 402>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 84>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 405>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 407>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 407>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 409>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 410>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 411>, 'TRIGGER': <TokenType.TRIGGER: 412>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 416>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 214>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 417>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 418>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 419>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 420>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 421>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 171>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 422>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 424>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 426>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 428>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 429>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 430>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 431>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 223>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 224>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 97>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 98>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 98>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 103>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 110>, 'UHUGEINT': <TokenType.UINT128: 111>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 110>, 'INT256': <TokenType.INT256: 112>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'INT8': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'UINT': <TokenType.UINT: 106>, 'UINT128': <TokenType.UINT128: 111>, 'UINT256': <TokenType.UINT256: 113>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'DECIMAL32': <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 118>, 'DECIMAL64': <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 119>, 'DECIMAL128': <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 120>, 'DECIMAL256': <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 121>, 'DECFLOAT': <TokenType.DECFLOAT: 122>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 124>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 124>, 'BIGNUM': <TokenType.BIGNUM: 109>, 'LIST': <TokenType.LIST: 320>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 323>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 174>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 114>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 114>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 114>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 115>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 115>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 115>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 141>, 'JSONB': <TokenType.JSONB: 142>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 125>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 125>, 'CHAR VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'CHARACTER VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 126>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 128>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 128>, 'BPCHAR': <TokenType.BPCHAR: 129>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 132>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 131>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 137>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 139>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 140>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 135>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 134>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 136>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 140>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 140>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 143>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 144>, 'TIME_NS': <TokenType.TIME_NS: 145>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 146>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 147>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 148>, 'TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 148>, 'TIMESTAMPNTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 149>, 'TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 149>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 157>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 153>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 159>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 160>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 161>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 162>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 163>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 164>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 165>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 166>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 167>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 168>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 169>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 170>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 432>, 'VECTOR': <TokenType.VECTOR: 215>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 403>, 'SEQUENCE': <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 390>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 198>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 219>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.ANALYZE: 439>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 238>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.GRANT: 289>, 'REVOKE': <TokenType.REVOKE: 377>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 193>, 'USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 251>, 'ENDIF': <TokenType.END: 267>, 'LONG VARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'REGEXP_LIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 380>, 'SEPARATOR': <TokenType.SEPARATOR: 389>, 'SYSTIMESTAMP': <TokenType.SYSTIMESTAMP: 181>, 'MINUS': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 269>}
BYTE_STRING_ESCAPES: ClassVar[list[str]] = ["'"]
class Fabric(sqlglot.dialects.TSQL):
12class Fabric(TSQL):
13    """
14    Microsoft Fabric Data Warehouse dialect that inherits from T-SQL.
15
16    Microsoft Fabric is a cloud-based analytics platform that provides a unified
17    data warehouse experience. While it shares much of T-SQL's syntax, it has
18    specific differences and limitations that this dialect addresses.
19
20    Key differences from T-SQL:
21    - Case-sensitive identifiers (unlike T-SQL which is case-insensitive)
22    - Limited data type support with mappings to supported alternatives
23    - Temporal types (DATETIME2, DATETIMEOFFSET, TIME) limited to 6 digits precision
24    - Certain legacy types (MONEY, SMALLMONEY, etc.) are not supported
25    - Unicode types (NCHAR, NVARCHAR) are mapped to non-unicode equivalents
26
27    References:
28    - Data Types: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/fabric/data-warehouse/data-types
29    - T-SQL Surface Area: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/fabric/data-warehouse/tsql-surface-area
30    """
31
32    # Fabric is case-sensitive unlike T-SQL which is case-insensitive
33    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.CASE_SENSITIVE
34
35    class Tokenizer(TSQL.Tokenizer):
36        # Override T-SQL tokenizer to handle TIMESTAMP differently
37        # In T-SQL, TIMESTAMP is a synonym for ROWVERSION, but in Fabric we want it to be a datetime type
38        # Also add UTINYINT keyword mapping since T-SQL doesn't have it
39        KEYWORDS = {
40            **TSQL.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
41            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
42            "UTINYINT": TokenType.UTINYINT,
43        }
44
45    Parser = FabricParser
46
47    Generator = FabricGenerator

Microsoft Fabric Data Warehouse dialect that inherits from T-SQL.

Microsoft Fabric is a cloud-based analytics platform that provides a unified data warehouse experience. While it shares much of T-SQL's syntax, it has specific differences and limitations that this dialect addresses.

Key differences from T-SQL:

  • Case-sensitive identifiers (unlike T-SQL which is case-insensitive)
  • Limited data type support with mappings to supported alternatives
  • Temporal types (DATETIME2, DATETIMEOFFSET, TIME) limited to 6 digits precision
  • Certain legacy types (MONEY, SMALLMONEY, etc.) are not supported
  • Unicode types (NCHAR, NVARCHAR) are mapped to non-unicode equivalents

References:

NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = <NormalizationStrategy.CASE_SENSITIVE: 'CASE_SENSITIVE'>

Specifies the strategy according to which identifiers should be normalized.

SUPPORTS_COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS = False

Whether the old-style outer join (+) syntax is supported.

STRINGS_SUPPORT_ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: bool = False

Whether string literals support escape sequences (e.g. \n). Set by the metaclass based on the tokenizer's STRING_ESCAPES.

BYTE_STRINGS_SUPPORT_ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: bool = False

Whether byte string literals support escape sequences. Set by the metaclass based on the tokenizer's BYTE_STRING_ESCAPES.

INITCAP_SUPPORTS_CUSTOM_DELIMITERS = False
tokenizer_class = <class 'Fabric.Tokenizer'>
jsonpath_tokenizer_class = <class 'sqlglot.dialects.dialect.JSONPathTokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'sqlglot.parsers.fabric.FabricParser'>
generator_class = <class 'sqlglot.generators.fabric.FabricGenerator'>
TIME_TRIE: dict = {'y': {'e': {'a': {'r': {0: True}}}, 0: True, 'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'd': {'a': {'y': {'o': {'f': {'y': {'e': {'a': {'r': {0: True}}}}}}, 0: True}}, 'y': {0: True}, 'w': {0: True}, 'd': {'d': {'d': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 'w': {'e': {'e': {'k': {0: True, 'd': {'a': {'y': {0: True}}}}}}, 'w': {0: True}, 'k': {0: True}}, 'i': {'s': {'o': {'w': {'k': {0: True}, 'w': {0: True}}, '_': {'w': {'e': {'e': {'k': {0: True}}}}}}}}, 'h': {'o': {'u': {'r': {0: True}}}, 'h': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'm': {'i': {'n': {'u': {'t': {'e': {0: True}}}}, 0: True, 'l': {'l': {'i': {'s': {'e': {'c': {'o': {'n': {'d': {0: True}}}}}}}}}}, 's': {0: True}, 'o': {'n': {'t': {'h': {0: True}}}}, 'm': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'n': {0: True}, 's': {'e': {'c': {'o': {'n': {'d': {0: True}}}}}, 's': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'Y': {0: True, 'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 'H': {'H': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'f': {'f': {'f': {'f': {'f': {'f': {0: True}}}}}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: dict = {'y': {'e': {'a': {'r': {0: True}}}, 0: True, 'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'd': {'a': {'y': {'o': {'f': {'y': {'e': {'a': {'r': {0: True}}}}}}, 0: True}}, 'y': {0: True}, 'w': {0: True}, 'd': {'d': {'d': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 'w': {'e': {'e': {'k': {0: True, 'd': {'a': {'y': {0: True}}}}}}, 'w': {0: True}, 'k': {0: True}}, 'i': {'s': {'o': {'w': {'k': {0: True}, 'w': {0: True}}, '_': {'w': {'e': {'e': {'k': {0: True}}}}}}}}, 'h': {'o': {'u': {'r': {0: True}}}, 'h': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'm': {'i': {'n': {'u': {'t': {'e': {0: True}}}}, 0: True, 'l': {'l': {'i': {'s': {'e': {'c': {'o': {'n': {'d': {0: True}}}}}}}}}}, 's': {0: True}, 'o': {'n': {'t': {'h': {0: True}}}}, 'm': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'n': {0: True}, 's': {'e': {'c': {'o': {'n': {'d': {0: True}}}}}, 's': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'Y': {0: True, 'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 'H': {'H': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'f': {'f': {'f': {'f': {'f': {'f': {0: True}}}}}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'%Y': 'yyyy', '%j': 'dayofyear', '%d': 'dd', '%W': 'wk', '%V': 'iso_week', '%h': 'hour', '%I': 'hh', '%M': 'mm', '%S': 'ss', '%-S': 's', '%f': 'ffffff', '%w': 'dw', '%m': 'MM', '%-M': 'm', '%y': 'yy', '%B': 'MMMM', '%b': 'MMM', '%-m': 'M', '%A': 'dddd', '%-d': 'd', '%H': 'HH', '%-H': 'H', '%-I': 'h', '%mstrict': 'MM', '%dstrict': 'dd', '%Hstrict': 'HH', '%Istrict': 'hh', '%Mstrict': 'mm', '%Sstrict': 'ss'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: dict = {'%': {'Y': {0: True}, 'j': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'W': {0: True}, 'V': {0: True}, 'h': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'M': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'S': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, '-': {'S': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'm': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'f': {0: True}, 'w': {0: True}, 'm': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'y': {0: True}, 'B': {0: True}, 'b': {0: True}, 'A': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}}}
INVERSE_FORMAT_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'%mstrict': '%m', '%dstrict': '%d', '%Hstrict': '%H', '%Istrict': '%I', '%Mstrict': '%M', '%Sstrict': '%S'}
INVERSE_FORMAT_TRIE: dict = {'%': {'m': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'd': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'H': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'I': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'M': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'S': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}}}
INVERSE_CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {}
ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: dict[str, str] = {}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '['
IDENTIFIER_END = ']'
VALID_INTERVAL_UNITS: set[str] = {'MICROSECS', 'MINUTES', 'YEAR', 'WY', 'DAYOFMONTH', 'DOW', 'MONTH', 'MICROSECOND', 'TIMEZONE_MINUTE', 'EPOCH_MICROSECONDS', 'MINUTE', 'DAYOFWEEK_ISO', 'TZH', 'Y', 'DW', 'WEEK', 'MM', 'DAYOFWEEK', 'QUARTER', 'MSEC', 'NSEC', 'M', 'USECS', 'MCS', 'NANOSECS', 'WEEKDAY', 'DW_ISO', 'MONTHS', 'D', 'MINS', 'DY', 'DAYOFYEAR', 'WK', 'HH', 'MS', 'TIMEZONE_HOUR', 'MIL', 'S', 'WW', 'YYYY', 'DECADES', 'MON', 'NANOSECOND', 'WEEKOFYEAR', 'N', 'HOUR', 'TZM', 'MILLENNIUM', 'ISO_WEEK', 'SECONDS', 'DOW_ISO', 'DAY OF WEEK', 'USECOND', 'H', 'MILLISECON', 'QTRS', 'MILLISECS', 'DOY', 'SECOND', 'EPOCH_MILLISECOND', 'HRS', 'DEC', 'EPOCH_SECONDS', 'YYY', 'QQ', 'YY', 'YRS', 'MSECONDS', 'SEC', 'USEC', 'MILLISECOND', 'HOURS', 'DAY OF YEAR', 'MILLISEC', 'TZOFFSET', 'C', 'MSECOND', 'WEEKDAY_ISO', 'EPOCH_NANOSECOND', 'NANOSEC', 'SECS', 'CENTURY', 'MILS', 'US', 'WEEKOFYEAR_ISO', 'WEEKOFYEARISO', 'QUARTERS', 'YR', 'EPOCH', 'EPOCH_MILLISECONDS', 'MONS', 'MILLISECONDS', 'MICROSECONDS', 'MI', 'WEEK_ISO', 'TZ', 'MIN', 'MILLENIA', 'WOY', 'CENTS', 'EPOCH_MICROSECOND', 'DAYS', 'MSECS', 'CENT', 'W', 'MICROSEC', 'HR', 'NS', 'DD', 'EPOCH_NANOSECONDS', 'DECADE', 'SS', 'NSECONDS', 'DAY', 'ISOWW', 'DECS', 'DAYOFWEEKISO', 'USECONDS', 'YEARS', 'NSECOND', 'CENTURIES', 'ISOWK', 'WEEKISO', 'QTR', 'Q', 'EPOCH_SECOND'}
BIT_START: str | None = None
BIT_END: str | None = None
HEX_START: str | None = '0x'
HEX_END: str | None = ''
BYTE_START: str | None = None
BYTE_END: str | None = None
UNICODE_START: str | None = None
UNICODE_END: str | None = None
class Fabric.Tokenizer(sqlglot.dialects.TSQL.Tokenizer):
35    class Tokenizer(TSQL.Tokenizer):
36        # Override T-SQL tokenizer to handle TIMESTAMP differently
37        # In T-SQL, TIMESTAMP is a synonym for ROWVERSION, but in Fabric we want it to be a datetime type
38        # Also add UTINYINT keyword mapping since T-SQL doesn't have it
39        KEYWORDS = {
40            **TSQL.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
41            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
42            "UTINYINT": TokenType.UTINYINT,
43        }
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '&<': <TokenType.AMP_LT: 63>, '&>': <TokenType.AMP_GT: 64>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 28>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 14>, '?::': <TokenType.QDCOLON: 370>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 37>, '|>': <TokenType.PIPE_GT: 38>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 26>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 24>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 29>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 29>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 31>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 30>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 45>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 46>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 47>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 49>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 50>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 51>, '<<->>': <TokenType.LLRR_ARROW: 52>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 62>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 18>, '~~~': <TokenType.GLOB: 287>, '~~': <TokenType.LIKE: 318>, '~~*': <TokenType.ILIKE: 295>, '~*': <TokenType.IRLIKE: 307>, '-|-': <TokenType.ADJACENT: 65>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 220>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 34>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 221>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 222>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 225>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 218>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 226>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 228>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 228>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.BEGIN: 229>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 230>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 232>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 414>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 233>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 235>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 236>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 81>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 239>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 240>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 241>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COPY: 242>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 243>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 244>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 245>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 246>, 'CURRENT_SCHEMA': <TokenType.CURRENT_SCHEMA: 248>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 249>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 250>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 251>, 'CURRENT_CATALOG': <TokenType.CURRENT_CATALOG: 254>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 80>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 256>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 257>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 258>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 259>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 262>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 263>, 'DIV': <TokenType.DIV: 264>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 265>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 266>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 267>, 'ENUM': <TokenType.ENUM: 205>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 268>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 269>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 270>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 271>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 272>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 273>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 276>, 'FILE': <TokenType.FILE: 274>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 278>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 284>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 285>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 279>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 281>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 282>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 283>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 172>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 175>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 287>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 290>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 291>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 292>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 295>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 296>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 297>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 200>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 299>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 300>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 304>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 303>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 305>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 308>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 309>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 310>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 312>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 314>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 316>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 317>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 318>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 319>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 321>, 'LOCALTIME': <TokenType.LOCALTIME: 179>, 'LOCALTIMESTAMP': <TokenType.LOCALTIMESTAMP: 180>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 322>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 328>, 'NAMESPACE': <TokenType.NAMESPACE: 440>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 331>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 332>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 27>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 334>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 335>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 199>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 337>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 338>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 35>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 66>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 341>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 344>, 'OUT': <TokenType.OUT: 345>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 347>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 348>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 349>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 350>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 352>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 353>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 353>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 353>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 354>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 355>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 360>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 362>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 363>, 'OPERATOR': <TokenType.OPERATOR: 340>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 368>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 371>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 372>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 380>, 'RENAME': <TokenType.RENAME: 374>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 375>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 376>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 378>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 379>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 380>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 382>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 383>, 'ROW': <TokenType.ROW: 384>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 385>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 83>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 387>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 388>, 'SESSION': <TokenType.SESSION: 59>, 'SESSION_USER': <TokenType.SESSION_USER: 61>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 392>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 393>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 394>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 395>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 396>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 397>, 'SQL SECURITY': <TokenType.SQL_SECURITY: 399>, 'STRAIGHT_JOIN': <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 402>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 84>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 405>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 407>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 407>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 409>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 410>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 411>, 'TRIGGER': <TokenType.TRIGGER: 412>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 416>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 214>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 417>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 418>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 419>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 420>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 421>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 171>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 422>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 424>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 426>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 428>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 429>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 430>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 431>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 223>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 224>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 97>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 98>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 98>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 103>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.UTINYINT: 100>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 110>, 'UHUGEINT': <TokenType.UINT128: 111>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 110>, 'INT256': <TokenType.INT256: 112>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'INT8': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'UINT': <TokenType.UINT: 106>, 'UINT128': <TokenType.UINT128: 111>, 'UINT256': <TokenType.UINT256: 113>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'DECIMAL32': <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 118>, 'DECIMAL64': <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 119>, 'DECIMAL128': <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 120>, 'DECIMAL256': <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 121>, 'DECFLOAT': <TokenType.DECFLOAT: 122>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 124>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 124>, 'BIGNUM': <TokenType.BIGNUM: 109>, 'LIST': <TokenType.LIST: 320>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 323>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 174>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 114>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 114>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 114>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 115>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 115>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 115>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 141>, 'JSONB': <TokenType.JSONB: 142>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 125>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 125>, 'CHAR VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'CHARACTER VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 126>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 128>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 128>, 'BPCHAR': <TokenType.BPCHAR: 129>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 132>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 131>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 137>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 139>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 140>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 135>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 134>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 136>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 140>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 140>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 143>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 144>, 'TIME_NS': <TokenType.TIME_NS: 145>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 146>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 147>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 148>, 'TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 148>, 'TIMESTAMPNTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 149>, 'TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 149>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 157>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 153>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 159>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 160>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 161>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 162>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 163>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 164>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 165>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 166>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 167>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 168>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 169>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 170>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 432>, 'VECTOR': <TokenType.VECTOR: 215>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 403>, 'SEQUENCE': <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 390>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 198>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 219>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.ANALYZE: 439>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 238>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.GRANT: 289>, 'REVOKE': <TokenType.REVOKE: 377>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 193>, 'CLUSTERED INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 297>, 'DATETIME2': <TokenType.DATETIME2: 154>, 'DATETIMEOFFSET': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 147>, 'DECLARE': <TokenType.DECLARE: 255>, 'EXEC': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 270>, 'GO': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'IMAGE': <TokenType.IMAGE: 197>, 'MONEY': <TokenType.MONEY: 194>, 'NONCLUSTERED INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 297>, 'NTEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'OPTION': <TokenType.OPTION: 436>, 'OUTPUT': <TokenType.RETURNING: 376>, 'PRINT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'PROC': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 363>, 'ROWVERSION': <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 196>, 'SMALLDATETIME': <TokenType.SMALLDATETIME: 156>, 'SMALLMONEY': <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 195>, 'SQL_VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 198>, 'SYSTEM_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 251>, 'TOP': <TokenType.TOP: 408>, 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER': <TokenType.UUID: 171>, 'UPDATE STATISTICS': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'XML': <TokenType.XML: 191>, 'UTINYINT': <TokenType.UTINYINT: 100>}
BYTE_STRING_ESCAPES: ClassVar[list[str]] = ["'"]
class Hive(sqlglot.dialects.Dialect):
 19class Hive(Dialect):
 20    ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE = True
 21    IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT = True
 22    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
 23    SAFE_DIVISION = True
 24    CONCAT_WS_COALESCE = True
 25    ARRAY_AGG_INCLUDES_NULLS = None
 26    REGEXP_EXTRACT_DEFAULT_GROUP = 1
 27    ALTER_TABLE_SUPPORTS_CASCADE = True
 28
 29    # https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-ref-identifier.html#description
 30    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE
 31
 32    EXPRESSION_METADATA = EXPRESSION_METADATA.copy()
 33
 34    # https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=27362046#LanguageManualUDF-StringFunctions
 35    # https://github.com/apache/hive/blob/master/ql/src/java/org/apache/hadoop/hive/ql/exec/Utilities.java#L266-L269
 36    INITCAP_DEFAULT_DELIMITER_CHARS = " \t\n\r\f\u000b\u001c\u001d\u001e\u001f"
 37
 38    # Support only the non-ANSI mode (default for Hive, Spark2, Spark)
 39    COERCES_TO = defaultdict(set, deepcopy(TypeAnnotator.COERCES_TO))
 40    for target_type in {
 41        *exp.DataType.NUMERIC_TYPES,
 42        *exp.DataType.TEMPORAL_TYPES,
 43        exp.DType.INTERVAL,
 44    }:
 45        COERCES_TO[target_type] |= exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES
 46
 47    TIME_MAPPING = {
 48        "y": "%Y",
 49        "Y": "%Y",
 50        "YYYY": "%Y",
 51        "yyyy": "%Y",
 52        "YY": "%y",
 53        "yy": "%y",
 54        "MMMM": "%B",
 55        "MMM": "%b",
 56        # Hive 4.0+ parses MM/dd/HH/hh/mm/ss strictly (java.time.DateTimeFormatter, see
 57        # HIVE-25458/HIVE-25576)
 58        "MM": "%mstrict",
 59        "M": "%-m",
 60        "dd": "%dstrict",
 61        "d": "%-d",
 62        "HH": "%Hstrict",
 63        "H": "%-H",
 64        "hh": "%Istrict",
 65        "h": "%-I",
 66        "mm": "%Mstrict",
 67        "m": "%-M",
 68        "ss": "%Sstrict",
 69        "s": "%-S",
 70        "SSSSSS": "%f",
 71        "a": "%p",
 72        "DD": "%j",
 73        "D": "%-j",
 74        "E": "%a",
 75        "EE": "%a",
 76        "EEE": "%a",
 77        "EEEE": "%A",
 78        "z": "%Z",
 79        "Z": "%z",
 80    }
 81
 82    DATE_FORMAT = "'yyyy-MM-dd'"
 83    DATEINT_FORMAT = "'yyyyMMdd'"
 84    TIME_FORMAT = "'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss'"
 85
 86    class JSONPathTokenizer(jsonpath.JSONPathTokenizer):
 87        VAR_TOKENS = {
 88            *jsonpath.JSONPathTokenizer.VAR_TOKENS,
 89            TokenType.DASH,
 90        }
 91
 92    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
 93        QUOTES = ["'", '"']
 94        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
 95        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
 96
 97        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
 98            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
 99            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
100        }
101
102        KEYWORDS = {
103            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
104            "ADD ARCHIVE": TokenType.COMMAND,
105            "ADD ARCHIVES": TokenType.COMMAND,
106            "ADD FILE": TokenType.COMMAND,
107            "ADD FILES": TokenType.COMMAND,
108            "ADD JAR": TokenType.COMMAND,
109            "ADD JARS": TokenType.COMMAND,
110            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
111            "MSCK REPAIR": TokenType.COMMAND,
112            "REFRESH": TokenType.REFRESH,
113            "SERDEPROPERTIES": TokenType.SERDE_PROPERTIES,
114        }
115
116        NUMERIC_LITERALS = {
117            "L": "BIGINT",
118            "S": "SMALLINT",
119            "Y": "TINYINT",
120            "D": "DOUBLE",
121            "F": "FLOAT",
122            "BD": "DECIMAL",
123        }
124
125    Parser = HiveParser
126
127    Generator = HiveGenerator
ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE = True

Whether the table alias comes after tablesample.

IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT = True

Whether an unquoted identifier can start with a digit.

SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False

Whether user-defined data types are supported.

SAFE_DIVISION = True

Whether division by zero throws an error (False) or returns NULL (True).

CONCAT_WS_COALESCE = True

A NULL arg in CONCAT_WS yields NULL by default, but in some dialects it is skipped.

ARRAY_AGG_INCLUDES_NULLS: bool | None = None

Whether ArrayAgg needs to filter NULL values.

REGEXP_EXTRACT_DEFAULT_GROUP = 1

The default value for the capturing group.

ALTER_TABLE_SUPPORTS_CASCADE = True

Hive by default does not update the schema of existing partitions when a column is changed. the CASCADE clause is used to indicate that the change should be propagated to all existing partitions. the Spark dialect, while derived from Hive, does not support the CASCADE clause.

NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = <NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE: 'CASE_INSENSITIVE'>

Specifies the strategy according to which identifiers should be normalized.

EXPRESSION_METADATA = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Add'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Adjacent'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.And'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayContainedBy'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayContains'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayContainsAll'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayOverlaps'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayPosition'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Binary'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseAnd'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseLeftShift'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseOr'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseRightShift'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseXor'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Collate'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Connector'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Corr'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.DPipe'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Distance'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.DistanceNd'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Div'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Dot'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.EQ'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Escape'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.ExtendsLeft'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.ExtendsRight'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.GT'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.GTE'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Glob'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.ILike'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.IntDiv'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Is'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONArrayContains'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBContains'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBContainsAllTopKeys'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBContainsAnyTopKeys'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBContainsTopKey'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBDeleteAtPath'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBExtract'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBExtractScalar'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBPathExists'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONExtract'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONExtractScalar'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Kwarg'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.LT'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.LTE'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Like'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Match'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Mod'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Mul'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.NEQ'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.NestedJSONSelect'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.NullSafeEQ'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.NullSafeNEQ'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Operator'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Or'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Overlaps'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Pow'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.PropertyEQ'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.RegexpFullMatch'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.RegexpILike'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.RegexpLike'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.SimilarTo'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Sub'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Xor'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Alias'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseNot'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.IgnoreNulls'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Neg'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Not'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Paren'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.PivotAlias'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.RespectNulls'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Unary'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.DenseRank'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.RowNumber'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixSeconds'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArraySize'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixMillis'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Int64'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixMicros'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.ApproxDistinct'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.CountIf'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Rank'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Ntile'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.FromBase64'>: {'returns': <DType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.FromBase32'>: {'returns': <DType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.IsNan'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.IsInf'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Any'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.EndsWith'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.StartsWith'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Between'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.All'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Boolean'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.LogicalOr'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Contains'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.LogicalAnd'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Exists'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.In'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.CurrentDate'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeStrToDate'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DiToDate'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TsOrDsToDate'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.LastDay'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.StrToDate'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateFromParts'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateStrToDate'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Date'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Datetime'>: {'returns': <DType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DatetimeAdd'>: {'returns': <DType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DatetimeSub'>: {'returns': <DType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.CurrentDatetime'>: {'returns': <DType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Asinh'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Radians'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Sqrt'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.ToDouble'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Cosh'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Round'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Kurtosis'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Asin'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Pi'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.StddevPop'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Quantile'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Ln'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Acos'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Skewness'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.CumeDist'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.VariancePop'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.CovarPop'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Tan'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Atan'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Sin'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Avg'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Rand'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.SafeDivide'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Degrees'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Variance'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Cot'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.StddevSamp'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Exp'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Cos'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.ApproxQuantile'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Log'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Acosh'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Cbrt'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Stddev'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.PercentRank'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.CovarSamp'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.PercentileCont'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Tanh'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Atanh'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Sinh'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DayOfWeek'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Floor'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Levenshtein'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Ceil'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateToDi'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Unicode'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Quarter'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.BitLength'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Hour'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.StrPosition'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DayOfMonth'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DatetimeDiff'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Getbit'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Sign'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixDate'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Ascii'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DayOfYear'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Length'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TsOrDiToDi'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeDiff'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimestampDiff'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.datatypes.Interval'>: {'returns': <DType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.MakeInterval'>: {'returns': <DType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.JustifyInterval'>: {'returns': <DType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.JustifyHours'>: {'returns': <DType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.JustifyDays'>: {'returns': <DType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.ParseJSON'>: {'returns': <DType.JSON: 'JSON'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeAdd'>: {'returns': <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Time'>: {'returns': <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeSub'>: {'returns': <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Localtime'>: {'returns': <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.CurrentTime'>: {'returns': <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimestampLtzFromParts'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.CurrentTimestampLTZ'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimestampTzFromParts'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeStrToTime'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixToTime'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.StrToTime'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimestampSub'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.CurrentTimestamp'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimestampAdd'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Month'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.YearOfWeek'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Year'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DayOfWeekIso'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.WeekOfYear'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Week'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Day'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.YearOfWeekIso'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayToString'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentCatalog'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentUser'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixToTimeStr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Repeat'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Dayname'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.GroupConcat'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentSchema'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Space'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentRole'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Initcap'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.RawString'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.ToBase32'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Typeof'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Chr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.ConcatWs'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeToStr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Translate'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.SHA2'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Substring'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.SHA'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixToStr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.String'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.MD5'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Lower'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Trim'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TsOrDsToDateStr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.ToBase64'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Upper'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Concat'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateToDateStr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.SessionUser'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeToTimeStr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Monthname'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentVersion'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.LastValue'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Abs'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Filter'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.ArrayConcatAgg'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.Limit'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.Window'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArraySlice'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.HavingMax'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.NthValue'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.SortArray'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayReverse'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.AnyValue'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.Order'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.FirstValue'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Min'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Coalesce'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Max'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayConcat'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Least'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Greatest'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayFirst'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayLast'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Anonymous'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateTrunc'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateAdd'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateSub'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Cast'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.TryCast'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.Map'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.VarMap'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.Array'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.ArrayAgg'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Bracket'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Case'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Count'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateDiff'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.datatypes.DataType'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Distinct'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.Explode'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Extract'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.HexString'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.GenerateSeries'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.GenerateDateArray'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.GenerateTimestampArray'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.If'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Lag'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Lead'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Literal'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Null'>: {'returns': <DType.NULL: 'NULL'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Nullif'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.Struct'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Sum'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Timestamp'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ToMap'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.Unnest'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.WithinGroup'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.Subquery'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Unhex'>: {'returns': <DType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Encode'>: {'returns': <DType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.MonthsBetween'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.AddMonths'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.RegexpReplace'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.NextDay'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.RegexpExtract'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONFormat'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Replace'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Soundex'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentDatabase'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Hex'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Factorial'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.StrToUnix'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Minute'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Second'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.First'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Negative'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayDistinct'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Reverse'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Last'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayExcept'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayIntersect'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Grouping'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.PercentileDisc'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.RegexpSplit'>: {'returns': DataType( this=DType.ARRAY, expressions=[ DataType(this=DType.TEXT, nested=False)], nested=True)}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.StrToMap'>: {'returns': DataType( this=DType.MAP, expressions=[ DataType(this=DType.TEXT, nested=False), DataType(this=DType.TEXT, nested=False)], nested=True)}}
INITCAP_DEFAULT_DELIMITER_CHARS = ' \t\n\r\x0c\x0b\x1c\x1d\x1e\x1f'
COERCES_TO: dict[sqlglot.expressions.datatypes.DType, set[sqlglot.expressions.datatypes.DType]] = defaultdict(<class 'set'>, {<DType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>: set(), <DType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>: {<DType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>}, <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>: {<DType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <DType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>}, <DType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>: {<DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <DType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <DType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>}, <DType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>: {<DType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <DType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <DType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>}, <DType.DECFLOAT: 'DECFLOAT'>: {<DType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <DType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <DType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <DType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <DType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <DType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <DType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <DType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>}, <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>: {<DType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <DType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <DType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <DType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <DType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <DType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <DType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <DType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <DType.DECFLOAT: 'DECFLOAT'>}, <DType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>: {<DType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <DType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <DType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <DType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <DType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <DType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <DType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <DType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <DType.DECFLOAT: 'DECFLOAT'>}, <DType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>: {<DType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <DType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <DType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <DType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <DType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <DType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <DType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <DType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <DType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <DType.DECFLOAT: 'DECFLOAT'>}, <DType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>: {<DType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <DType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <DType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <DType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <DType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <DType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <DType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <DType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <DType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <DType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <DType.DECFLOAT: 'DECFLOAT'>}, <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>: {<DType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <DType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <DType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <DType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <DType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <DType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <DType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <DType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <DType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <DType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <DType.DECFLOAT: 'DECFLOAT'>, <DType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>}, <DType.INT: 'INT'>: {<DType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <DType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <DType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <DType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <DType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <DType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <DType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <DType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <DType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <DType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <DType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <DType.DECFLOAT: 'DECFLOAT'>}, <DType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>: {<DType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <DType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <DType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <DType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <DType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <DType.INT: 'INT'>, <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <DType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <DType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <DType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <DType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <DType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <DType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <DType.DECFLOAT: 'DECFLOAT'>}, <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>: {<DType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <DType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <DType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <DType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <DType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <DType.INT: 'INT'>, <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <DType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <DType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <DType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <DType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <DType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <DType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <DType.DECFLOAT: 'DECFLOAT'>, <DType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>}, <DType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>: {<DType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <DType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <DType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <DType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <DType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <DType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <DType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <DType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>}, <DType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>: {<DType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <DType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <DType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <DType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <DType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <DType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <DType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <DType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <DType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>}, <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>: {<DType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <DType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <DType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <DType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <DType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <DType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <DType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <DType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <DType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <DType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>}, <DType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>: {<DType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <DType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <DType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <DType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <DType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <DType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <DType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <DType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <DType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <DType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>}, <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>: {<DType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <DType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <DType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <DType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <DType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <DType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <DType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <DType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <DType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <DType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <DType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>}, <DType.DECIMAL256: 'DECIMAL256'>: {<DType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <DType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <DType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <DType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <DType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <DType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <DType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <DType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>}, <DType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>: {<DType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <DType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <DType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <DType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <DType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <DType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <DType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <DType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>}, <DType.UINT: 'UINT'>: {<DType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <DType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <DType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <DType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <DType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <DType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <DType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <DType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>}, <DType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>: {<DType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <DType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <DType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <DType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <DType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <DType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <DType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <DType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>}, <DType.SMALLDATETIME: 'SMALLDATETIME'>: {<DType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <DType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <DType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <DType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <DType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <DType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <DType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <DType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>}, <DType.UDOUBLE: 'UDOUBLE'>: {<DType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <DType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <DType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <DType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <DType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <DType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <DType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <DType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>}, <DType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>: {<DType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <DType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <DType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <DType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <DType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <DType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <DType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <DType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>}, <DType.BIT: 'BIT'>: {<DType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <DType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <DType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <DType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <DType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <DType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <DType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <DType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>}, <DType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>: {<DType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <DType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <DType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <DType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <DType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <DType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <DType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <DType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>}, <DType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>: {<DType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <DType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <DType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <DType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <DType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <DType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <DType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <DType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>}, <DType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>: {<DType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <DType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <DType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <DType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <DType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <DType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <DType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <DType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>}, <DType.INT256: 'INT256'>: {<DType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <DType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <DType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <DType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <DType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <DType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <DType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <DType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>}, <DType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>: {<DType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <DType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <DType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <DType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <DType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <DType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <DType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <DType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>}, <DType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>: {<DType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <DType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <DType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <DType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <DType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <DType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <DType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <DType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>}, <DType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>: {<DType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <DType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <DType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <DType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <DType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <DType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <DType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <DType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>}, <DType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>: {<DType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <DType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <DType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <DType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <DType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <DType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <DType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <DType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>}, <DType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>: {<DType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <DType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <DType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <DType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <DType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <DType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <DType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <DType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>}, <DType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>: {<DType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <DType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <DType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <DType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <DType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <DType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <DType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <DType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>}, <DType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>: {<DType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <DType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <DType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <DType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <DType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <DType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <DType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <DType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>}, <DType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>: {<DType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <DType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <DType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <DType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <DType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <DType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <DType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <DType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>}, <DType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>: {<DType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <DType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <DType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <DType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <DType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <DType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <DType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <DType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>}, <DType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>: {<DType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <DType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <DType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <DType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <DType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <DType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <DType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <DType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>}, <DType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>: {<DType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <DType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <DType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <DType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <DType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <DType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <DType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <DType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>}, <DType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>: {<DType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <DType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <DType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <DType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <DType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <DType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <DType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <DType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>}, <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>: {<DType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <DType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <DType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <DType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <DType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <DType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <DType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <DType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>}, <DType.DATETIME2: 'DATETIME2'>: {<DType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <DType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <DType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <DType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <DType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <DType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <DType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <DType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>}, <DType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>: {<DType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <DType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <DType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <DType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <DType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <DType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <DType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <DType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>}, <DType.INT128: 'INT128'>: {<DType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <DType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <DType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <DType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <DType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <DType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <DType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <DType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>}, <DType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>: {<DType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <DType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <DType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <DType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <DType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <DType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <DType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <DType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>}, <DType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>: {<DType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <DType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <DType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <DType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <DType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <DType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <DType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <DType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>}})
TIME_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'y': '%Y', 'Y': '%Y', 'YYYY': '%Y', 'yyyy': '%Y', 'YY': '%y', 'yy': '%y', 'MMMM': '%B', 'MMM': '%b', 'MM': '%mstrict', 'M': '%-m', 'dd': '%dstrict', 'd': '%-d', 'HH': '%Hstrict', 'H': '%-H', 'hh': '%Istrict', 'h': '%-I', 'mm': '%Mstrict', 'm': '%-M', 'ss': '%Sstrict', 's': '%-S', 'SSSSSS': '%f', 'a': '%p', 'DD': '%j', 'D': '%-j', 'E': '%a', 'EE': '%a', 'EEE': '%a', 'EEEE': '%A', 'z': '%Z', 'Z': '%z'}

Associates this dialect's time formats with their equivalent Python strftime formats.

DATE_FORMAT = "'yyyy-MM-dd'"
DATEINT_FORMAT = "'yyyyMMdd'"
TIME_FORMAT = "'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss'"
Parser = <class 'sqlglot.parsers.hive.HiveParser'>
SUPPORTS_COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS = False

Whether the old-style outer join (+) syntax is supported.

UNESCAPED_SEQUENCES: dict[str, str] = {'\\a': '\x07', '\\b': '\x08', '\\f': '\x0c', '\\n': '\n', '\\r': '\r', '\\t': '\t', '\\v': '\x0b', '\\\\': '\\'}

Mapping of an escaped sequence (\n) to its unescaped version ( ).

STRINGS_SUPPORT_ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: bool = True

Whether string literals support escape sequences (e.g. \n). Set by the metaclass based on the tokenizer's STRING_ESCAPES.

BYTE_STRINGS_SUPPORT_ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: bool = True

Whether byte string literals support escape sequences. Set by the metaclass based on the tokenizer's BYTE_STRING_ESCAPES.

INITCAP_SUPPORTS_CUSTOM_DELIMITERS = False
tokenizer_class = <class 'Hive.Tokenizer'>
jsonpath_tokenizer_class = <class 'Hive.JSONPathTokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'sqlglot.parsers.hive.HiveParser'>
generator_class = <class 'sqlglot.generators.hive.HiveGenerator'>
TIME_TRIE: dict = {'y': {0: True, 'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'Y': {0: True, 'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 'd': {'d': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'H': {'H': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'h': {'h': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'm': {'m': {0: True}, 0: True}, 's': {'s': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'S': {'S': {'S': {'S': {'S': {'S': {0: True}}}}}}, 'a': {0: True}, 'D': {'D': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'E': {0: True, 'E': {0: True, 'E': {0: True, 'E': {0: True}}}}, 'z': {0: True}, 'Z': {0: True}}
FORMAT_TRIE: dict = {'y': {0: True, 'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'Y': {0: True, 'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 'd': {'d': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'H': {'H': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'h': {'h': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'm': {'m': {0: True}, 0: True}, 's': {'s': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'S': {'S': {'S': {'S': {'S': {'S': {0: True}}}}}}, 'a': {0: True}, 'D': {'D': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'E': {0: True, 'E': {0: True, 'E': {0: True, 'E': {0: True}}}}, 'z': {0: True}, 'Z': {0: True}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'%Y': 'yyyy', '%y': 'yy', '%B': 'MMMM', '%b': 'MMM', '%mstrict': 'MM', '%-m': 'M', '%dstrict': 'dd', '%-d': 'd', '%Hstrict': 'HH', '%-H': 'H', '%Istrict': 'hh', '%-I': 'h', '%Mstrict': 'mm', '%-M': 'm', '%Sstrict': 'ss', '%-S': 's', '%f': 'SSSSSS', '%p': 'a', '%j': 'DD', '%-j': 'D', '%a': 'EEE', '%A': 'EEEE', '%Z': 'z', '%z': 'Z', '%m': 'MM', '%d': 'dd', '%H': 'HH', '%I': 'hh', '%M': 'mm', '%S': 'ss'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: dict = {'%': {'Y': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}, 'B': {0: True}, 'b': {0: True}, 'm': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}, 0: True}, '-': {'m': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True}, 'j': {0: True}}, 'd': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}, 0: True}, 'H': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}, 0: True}, 'I': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}, 0: True}, 'M': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}, 0: True}, 'S': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}, 0: True}, 'f': {0: True}, 'p': {0: True}, 'j': {0: True}, 'a': {0: True}, 'A': {0: True}, 'Z': {0: True}, 'z': {0: True}}}
INVERSE_FORMAT_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'%mstrict': '%m', '%dstrict': '%d', '%Hstrict': '%H', '%Istrict': '%I', '%Mstrict': '%M', '%Sstrict': '%S'}
INVERSE_FORMAT_TRIE: dict = {'%': {'m': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'd': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'H': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'I': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'M': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'S': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}}}
INVERSE_CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {}
ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: dict[str, str] = {'\x07': '\\a', '\x08': '\\b', '\x0c': '\\f', '\n': '\\n', '\r': '\\r', '\t': '\\t', '\x0b': '\\v', '\\': '\\\\'}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '`'
IDENTIFIER_END = '`'
VALID_INTERVAL_UNITS: set[str] = {'MICROSECS', 'MINUTES', 'YEAR', 'WY', 'DAYOFMONTH', 'DOW', 'MONTH', 'MICROSECOND', 'TIMEZONE_MINUTE', 'EPOCH_MICROSECONDS', 'MINUTE', 'DAYOFWEEK_ISO', 'TZH', 'Y', 'DW', 'WEEK', 'MM', 'DAYOFWEEK', 'QUARTER', 'MSEC', 'NSEC', 'M', 'USECS', 'NANOSECS', 'WEEKDAY', 'DW_ISO', 'MONTHS', 'D', 'MINS', 'DY', 'DAYOFYEAR', 'WK', 'HH', 'MS', 'TIMEZONE_HOUR', 'MIL', 'S', 'YYYY', 'DECADES', 'MON', 'NANOSECOND', 'WEEKOFYEAR', 'HOUR', 'TZM', 'MILLENNIUM', 'SECONDS', 'DOW_ISO', 'DAY OF WEEK', 'USECOND', 'H', 'MILLISECON', 'QTRS', 'MILLISECS', 'DOY', 'SECOND', 'EPOCH_MILLISECOND', 'HRS', 'DEC', 'EPOCH_SECONDS', 'YYY', 'YY', 'YRS', 'MSECONDS', 'SEC', 'USEC', 'MILLISECOND', 'HOURS', 'DAY OF YEAR', 'MILLISEC', 'C', 'MSECOND', 'WEEKDAY_ISO', 'EPOCH_NANOSECOND', 'NANOSEC', 'SECS', 'CENTURY', 'MILS', 'US', 'WEEKOFYEAR_ISO', 'WEEKOFYEARISO', 'QUARTERS', 'YR', 'EPOCH', 'EPOCH_MILLISECONDS', 'MONS', 'MILLISECONDS', 'MICROSECONDS', 'MI', 'WEEK_ISO', 'MIN', 'MILLENIA', 'WOY', 'CENTS', 'EPOCH_MICROSECOND', 'DAYS', 'MSECS', 'CENT', 'W', 'MICROSEC', 'HR', 'NS', 'DD', 'EPOCH_NANOSECONDS', 'DECADE', 'NSECONDS', 'DAY', 'DECS', 'DAYOFWEEKISO', 'USECONDS', 'YEARS', 'NSECOND', 'CENTURIES', 'WEEKISO', 'QTR', 'Q', 'EPOCH_SECOND'}
BIT_START: str | None = None
BIT_END: str | None = None
HEX_START: str | None = None
HEX_END: str | None = None
BYTE_START: str | None = None
BYTE_END: str | None = None
UNICODE_START: str | None = None
UNICODE_END: str | None = None
target_type = <DType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>
class Hive.JSONPathTokenizer(sqlglot.jsonpath.JSONPathTokenizer):
86    class JSONPathTokenizer(jsonpath.JSONPathTokenizer):
87        VAR_TOKENS = {
88            *jsonpath.JSONPathTokenizer.VAR_TOKENS,
89            TokenType.DASH,
90        }
VAR_TOKENS = {<TokenType.VAR: 89>, <TokenType.DASH: 9>}
BYTE_STRING_ESCAPES: ClassVar[list[str]] = ['\\']
class Hive.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer):
 92    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
 93        QUOTES = ["'", '"']
 94        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
 95        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
 96
 97        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
 98            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
 99            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
100        }
101
102        KEYWORDS = {
103            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
104            "ADD ARCHIVE": TokenType.COMMAND,
105            "ADD ARCHIVES": TokenType.COMMAND,
106            "ADD FILE": TokenType.COMMAND,
107            "ADD FILES": TokenType.COMMAND,
108            "ADD JAR": TokenType.COMMAND,
109            "ADD JARS": TokenType.COMMAND,
110            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
111            "MSCK REPAIR": TokenType.COMMAND,
112            "REFRESH": TokenType.REFRESH,
113            "SERDEPROPERTIES": TokenType.SERDE_PROPERTIES,
114        }
115
116        NUMERIC_LITERALS = {
117            "L": "BIGINT",
118            "S": "SMALLINT",
119            "Y": "TINYINT",
120            "D": "DOUBLE",
121            "F": "FLOAT",
122            "BD": "DECIMAL",
123        }
QUOTES = ["'", '"']
IDENTIFIERS = ['`']
STRING_ESCAPES = ['\\']
SINGLE_TOKENS = {'(': <TokenType.L_PAREN: 1>, ')': <TokenType.R_PAREN: 2>, '[': <TokenType.L_BRACKET: 3>, ']': <TokenType.R_BRACKET: 4>, '{': <TokenType.L_BRACE: 5>, '}': <TokenType.R_BRACE: 6>, '&': <TokenType.AMP: 36>, '^': <TokenType.CARET: 42>, ':': <TokenType.COLON: 11>, ',': <TokenType.COMMA: 7>, '.': <TokenType.DOT: 8>, '-': <TokenType.DASH: 9>, '=': <TokenType.EQ: 28>, '>': <TokenType.GT: 25>, '<': <TokenType.LT: 23>, '%': <TokenType.MOD: 329>, '!': <TokenType.NOT: 27>, '|': <TokenType.PIPE: 39>, '+': <TokenType.PLUS: 10>, ';': <TokenType.SEMICOLON: 19>, '/': <TokenType.SLASH: 22>, '\\': <TokenType.BACKSLASH: 21>, '*': <TokenType.STAR: 20>, '~': <TokenType.TILDE: 44>, '?': <TokenType.PLACEHOLDER: 356>, '@': <TokenType.PARAMETER: 58>, '#': <TokenType.HASH: 48>, "'": <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 214>, '`': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 214>, '"': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 214>, '$': <TokenType.PARAMETER: 58>}
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '/*+': <TokenType.HINT: 293>, '&<': <TokenType.AMP_LT: 63>, '&>': <TokenType.AMP_GT: 64>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 28>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 14>, '?::': <TokenType.QDCOLON: 370>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 37>, '|>': <TokenType.PIPE_GT: 38>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 26>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 24>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 29>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 29>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 31>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 30>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 45>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 46>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 47>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 49>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 50>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 51>, '<<->>': <TokenType.LLRR_ARROW: 52>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 62>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 18>, '~~~': <TokenType.GLOB: 287>, '~~': <TokenType.LIKE: 318>, '~~*': <TokenType.ILIKE: 295>, '~*': <TokenType.IRLIKE: 307>, '-|-': <TokenType.ADJACENT: 65>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 220>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 34>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 221>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 222>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 225>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 218>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 226>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 228>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 228>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.BEGIN: 229>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 230>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 232>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 414>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 233>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 235>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 236>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 81>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 239>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 240>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 241>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COPY: 242>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 243>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 244>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 245>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 246>, 'CURRENT_SCHEMA': <TokenType.CURRENT_SCHEMA: 248>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 249>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 250>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 251>, 'CURRENT_CATALOG': <TokenType.CURRENT_CATALOG: 254>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 80>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 256>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 257>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 258>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 259>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 262>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 263>, 'DIV': <TokenType.DIV: 264>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 265>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 266>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 267>, 'ENUM': <TokenType.ENUM: 205>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 268>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 269>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 270>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 271>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 272>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 273>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 276>, 'FILE': <TokenType.FILE: 274>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 278>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 284>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 285>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 279>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 281>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 282>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 283>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 172>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 175>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 287>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 290>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 291>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 292>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 295>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 296>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 297>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 200>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 299>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 300>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 304>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 303>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 305>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 308>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 309>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 310>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 312>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 314>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 316>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 317>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 318>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 319>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 321>, 'LOCALTIME': <TokenType.LOCALTIME: 179>, 'LOCALTIMESTAMP': <TokenType.LOCALTIMESTAMP: 180>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 322>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 328>, 'NAMESPACE': <TokenType.NAMESPACE: 440>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 331>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 332>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 27>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 334>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 335>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 199>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 337>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 338>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 35>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 66>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 341>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 344>, 'OUT': <TokenType.OUT: 345>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 347>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 348>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 349>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 350>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 352>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 353>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 353>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 353>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 354>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 355>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 360>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 362>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 363>, 'OPERATOR': <TokenType.OPERATOR: 340>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 368>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 371>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 372>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 380>, 'RENAME': <TokenType.RENAME: 374>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 375>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 376>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 378>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 379>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 380>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 382>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 383>, 'ROW': <TokenType.ROW: 384>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 385>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 83>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 387>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 388>, 'SESSION': <TokenType.SESSION: 59>, 'SESSION_USER': <TokenType.SESSION_USER: 61>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 392>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 393>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 394>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 395>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 396>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 397>, 'SQL SECURITY': <TokenType.SQL_SECURITY: 399>, 'STRAIGHT_JOIN': <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 402>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 84>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 405>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 407>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 407>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 409>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 410>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 411>, 'TRIGGER': <TokenType.TRIGGER: 412>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 416>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 214>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 417>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 418>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 419>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 420>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 421>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 171>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 422>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 424>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 426>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 428>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 429>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 430>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 431>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 223>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 224>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 97>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 98>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 98>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 103>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 110>, 'UHUGEINT': <TokenType.UINT128: 111>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 110>, 'INT256': <TokenType.INT256: 112>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'INT8': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'UINT': <TokenType.UINT: 106>, 'UINT128': <TokenType.UINT128: 111>, 'UINT256': <TokenType.UINT256: 113>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'DECIMAL32': <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 118>, 'DECIMAL64': <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 119>, 'DECIMAL128': <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 120>, 'DECIMAL256': <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 121>, 'DECFLOAT': <TokenType.DECFLOAT: 122>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 124>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 124>, 'BIGNUM': <TokenType.BIGNUM: 109>, 'LIST': <TokenType.LIST: 320>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 323>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 174>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 114>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 114>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 114>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 115>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 115>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 115>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 141>, 'JSONB': <TokenType.JSONB: 142>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 125>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 125>, 'CHAR VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'CHARACTER VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 126>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 128>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 128>, 'BPCHAR': <TokenType.BPCHAR: 129>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 132>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 131>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 137>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 139>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 140>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 135>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 134>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 136>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 140>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 140>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 143>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 144>, 'TIME_NS': <TokenType.TIME_NS: 145>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 146>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 147>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 148>, 'TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 148>, 'TIMESTAMPNTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 149>, 'TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 149>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 157>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 153>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 159>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 160>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 161>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 162>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 163>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 164>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 165>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 166>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 167>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 168>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 169>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 170>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 432>, 'VECTOR': <TokenType.VECTOR: 215>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 403>, 'SEQUENCE': <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 390>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 198>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 219>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.ANALYZE: 439>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 238>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.GRANT: 289>, 'REVOKE': <TokenType.REVOKE: 377>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 193>, 'ADD ARCHIVE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'ADD ARCHIVES': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'ADD FILE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'ADD FILES': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'ADD JAR': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'ADD JARS': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'MINUS': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 269>, 'MSCK REPAIR': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'REFRESH': <TokenType.REFRESH: 373>, 'SERDEPROPERTIES': <TokenType.SERDE_PROPERTIES: 391>}
NUMERIC_LITERALS = {'L': 'BIGINT', 'S': 'SMALLINT', 'Y': 'TINYINT', 'D': 'DOUBLE', 'F': 'FLOAT', 'BD': 'DECIMAL'}
BYTE_STRING_ESCAPES: ClassVar[list[str]] = ['\\']
class Materialize(sqlglot.dialects.Postgres):
 9class Materialize(Postgres):
10    NORMALIZE_NOT_NULL = True
11
12    Parser = MaterializeParser
13
14    Generator = MaterializeGenerator
NORMALIZE_NOT_NULL = True
SUPPORTS_COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS = False

Whether the old-style outer join (+) syntax is supported.

STRINGS_SUPPORT_ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: bool = False

Whether string literals support escape sequences (e.g. \n). Set by the metaclass based on the tokenizer's STRING_ESCAPES.

BYTE_STRINGS_SUPPORT_ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: bool = False

Whether byte string literals support escape sequences. Set by the metaclass based on the tokenizer's BYTE_STRING_ESCAPES.

INITCAP_SUPPORTS_CUSTOM_DELIMITERS = False
tokenizer_class = <class 'sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Tokenizer'>
jsonpath_tokenizer_class = <class 'sqlglot.dialects.dialect.JSONPathTokenizer'>
TIME_TRIE: dict = {'d': {0: True, 'd': {0: True, 'd': {0: True}}, 'a': {'y': {0: True}}, 'y': {0: True}}, 'D': {0: True, 'D': {0: True, 'D': {0: True}}}, 'F': {'M': {'D': {'D': {0: True, 'D': {0: True}}}, 'H': {'H': {'1': {'2': {0: True}}, '2': {'4': {0: True}}}}, 'M': {'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}}}, 'H': {'H': {'1': {'2': {0: True}}, '2': {'4': {0: True}}}}, 'm': {'i': {0: True}, 'm': {0: True}}, 'M': {'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}}, 'O': {'F': {0: True}}, 's': {'s': {0: True}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}, 'T': {'M': {'D': {'a': {'y': {0: True}}, 'y': {0: True}}, 'M': {'o': {'n': {0: True, 't': {'h': {0: True}}}}}}, 'Z': {0: True}}, 'U': {'S': {0: True}}, 'w': {'w': {0: True}}, 'W': {'W': {0: True}}, 'y': {'y': {0: True, 'y': {0: True, 'y': {0: True}}}}, 'Y': {'Y': {0: True, 'Y': {0: True, 'Y': {0: True}}}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: dict = {'d': {0: True, 'd': {0: True, 'd': {0: True}}, 'a': {'y': {0: True}}, 'y': {0: True}}, 'D': {0: True, 'D': {0: True, 'D': {0: True}}}, 'F': {'M': {'D': {'D': {0: True, 'D': {0: True}}}, 'H': {'H': {'1': {'2': {0: True}}, '2': {'4': {0: True}}}}, 'M': {'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}}}, 'H': {'H': {'1': {'2': {0: True}}, '2': {'4': {0: True}}}}, 'm': {'i': {0: True}, 'm': {0: True}}, 'M': {'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}}, 'O': {'F': {0: True}}, 's': {'s': {0: True}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}, 'T': {'M': {'D': {'a': {'y': {0: True}}, 'y': {0: True}}, 'M': {'o': {'n': {0: True, 't': {'h': {0: True}}}}}}, 'Z': {0: True}}, 'U': {'S': {0: True}}, 'w': {'w': {0: True}}, 'W': {'W': {0: True}}, 'y': {'y': {0: True, 'y': {0: True, 'y': {0: True}}}}, 'Y': {'Y': {0: True, 'Y': {0: True, 'Y': {0: True}}}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'%u': 'D', '%d': 'DD', '%j': 'DDD', '%-d': 'FMDD', '%-j': 'FMDDD', '%-I': 'FMHH12', '%-H': 'FMHH24', '%-M': 'FMMI', '%-m': 'FMMM', '%-S': 'FMSS', '%I': 'HH12', '%H': 'HH24', '%M': 'MI', '%m': 'MM', '%z': 'OF', '%S': 'SS', '%A': 'TMDay', '%a': 'TMDy', '%b': 'TMMon', '%B': 'TMMonth', '%Aenlower': 'day', '%aenlower': 'dy', '%Z': 'TZ', '%f': 'US', '%U': 'WW', '%y': 'YY', '%Ythree': 'YYY', '%Y': 'YYYY', '%mstrict': 'MM', '%dstrict': 'DD', '%Hstrict': 'HH24', '%Istrict': 'HH12', '%Mstrict': 'MI', '%Sstrict': 'SS'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: dict = {'%': {'u': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'j': {0: True}, '-': {'d': {0: True}, 'j': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'm': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True}}, 'I': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'H': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'M': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'm': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'z': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'A': {0: True, 'e': {'n': {'l': {'o': {'w': {'e': {'r': {0: True}}}}}}}}, 'a': {0: True, 'e': {'n': {'l': {'o': {'w': {'e': {'r': {0: True}}}}}}}}, 'b': {0: True}, 'B': {0: True}, 'Z': {0: True}, 'f': {0: True}, 'U': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}, 'Y': {'t': {'h': {'r': {'e': {'e': {0: True}}}}}, 0: True}}}
INVERSE_FORMAT_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'%mstrict': '%m', '%dstrict': '%d', '%Hstrict': '%H', '%Istrict': '%I', '%Mstrict': '%M', '%Sstrict': '%S'}
INVERSE_FORMAT_TRIE: dict = {'%': {'m': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'd': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'H': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'I': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'M': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'S': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}}}
INVERSE_CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {}
ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: dict[str, str] = {'\x07': '\\a', '\x08': '\\b', '\x0c': '\\f', '\n': '\\n', '\r': '\\r', '\t': '\\t', '\x0b': '\\v', '\\': '\\\\'}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '"'
IDENTIFIER_END = '"'
VALID_INTERVAL_UNITS: set[str] = {'MICROSECS', 'MINUTES', 'YEAR', 'WY', 'DAYOFMONTH', 'DOW', 'MONTH', 'MICROSECOND', 'TIMEZONE_MINUTE', 'EPOCH_MICROSECONDS', 'MINUTE', 'DAYOFWEEK_ISO', 'TZH', 'Y', 'DW', 'WEEK', 'MM', 'DAYOFWEEK', 'QUARTER', 'MSEC', 'NSEC', 'M', 'USECS', 'NANOSECS', 'WEEKDAY', 'DW_ISO', 'MONTHS', 'D', 'MINS', 'DY', 'DAYOFYEAR', 'WK', 'HH', 'MS', 'TIMEZONE_HOUR', 'MIL', 'S', 'YYYY', 'DECADES', 'MON', 'NANOSECOND', 'WEEKOFYEAR', 'HOUR', 'TZM', 'MILLENNIUM', 'SECONDS', 'DOW_ISO', 'DAY OF WEEK', 'USECOND', 'H', 'MILLISECON', 'QTRS', 'MILLISECS', 'DOY', 'SECOND', 'EPOCH_MILLISECOND', 'HRS', 'DEC', 'EPOCH_SECONDS', 'YYY', 'YY', 'YRS', 'MSECONDS', 'SEC', 'USEC', 'MILLISECOND', 'HOURS', 'DAY OF YEAR', 'MILLISEC', 'C', 'MSECOND', 'WEEKDAY_ISO', 'EPOCH_NANOSECOND', 'NANOSEC', 'SECS', 'CENTURY', 'MILS', 'US', 'WEEKOFYEAR_ISO', 'WEEKOFYEARISO', 'QUARTERS', 'YR', 'EPOCH', 'EPOCH_MILLISECONDS', 'MONS', 'MILLISECONDS', 'MICROSECONDS', 'MI', 'WEEK_ISO', 'MIN', 'MILLENIA', 'WOY', 'CENTS', 'EPOCH_MICROSECOND', 'DAYS', 'MSECS', 'CENT', 'W', 'MICROSEC', 'HR', 'NS', 'DD', 'EPOCH_NANOSECONDS', 'DECADE', 'NSECONDS', 'DAY', 'DECS', 'DAYOFWEEKISO', 'USECONDS', 'YEARS', 'NSECOND', 'CENTURIES', 'WEEKISO', 'QTR', 'Q', 'EPOCH_SECOND'}
BIT_START: str | None = "b'"
BIT_END: str | None = "'"
HEX_START: str | None = "x'"
HEX_END: str | None = "'"
BYTE_START: str | None = "e'"
BYTE_END: str | None = "'"
UNICODE_START: str | None = "U&'"
UNICODE_END: str | None = "'"
class MySQL(sqlglot.dialects.Dialect):
 15class MySQL(Dialect):
 16    PROMOTE_TO_INFERRED_DATETIME_TYPE = True
 17
 18    # https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/identifiers.html
 19    IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT = True
 20
 21    # We default to treating all identifiers as case-sensitive, since it matches MySQL's
 22    # behavior on Linux systems. For MacOS and Windows systems, one can override this
 23    # setting by specifying `dialect="mysql, normalization_strategy = lowercase"`.
 24    #
 25    # See also https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.2/en/identifier-case-sensitivity.html
 26    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.CASE_SENSITIVE
 27
 28    TIME_FORMAT = "'%Y-%m-%d %T'"
 29    DPIPE_IS_STRING_CONCAT = False
 30    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
 31    SAFE_DIVISION = True
 32    SAFE_TO_ELIMINATE_DOUBLE_NEGATION = False
 33    LEAST_GREATEST_IGNORES_NULLS = False
 34
 35    EXPRESSION_METADATA = EXPRESSION_METADATA.copy()
 36
 37    # https://prestodb.io/docs/current/functions/datetime.html#mysql-date-functions
 38    TIME_MAPPING = {
 39        "%M": "%B",
 40        "%c": "%-m",
 41        "%e": "%-d",
 42        "%h": "%I",
 43        "%i": "%M",
 44        "%s": "%S",
 45        "%u": "%W",
 46        "%k": "%-H",
 47        "%l": "%-I",
 48        "%r": "%I:%M:%S %p",
 49        "%T": "%H:%M:%S",
 50        "%W": "%A",
 51        "%x": "%G",
 52        # %v (ISO week) is unmapped due to collision with %V (roundtrip issue)
 53    }
 54
 55    VALID_INTERVAL_UNITS = {
 56        *Dialect.VALID_INTERVAL_UNITS,
 57        "SECOND_MICROSECOND",
 58        "MINUTE_MICROSECOND",
 59        "MINUTE_SECOND",
 60        "HOUR_MICROSECOND",
 61        "HOUR_SECOND",
 62        "HOUR_MINUTE",
 63        "DAY_MICROSECOND",
 64        "DAY_SECOND",
 65        "DAY_MINUTE",
 66        "DAY_HOUR",
 67        "YEAR_MONTH",
 68    }
 69
 70    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
 71        QUOTES = ["'", '"']
 72        COMMENTS = ["--", "#", ("/*", "*/")]
 73        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
 74        STRING_ESCAPES = ["'", '"', "\\"]
 75        BIT_STRINGS = [("b'", "'"), ("B'", "'"), ("0b", "")]
 76        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'"), ("0x", "")]
 77        # https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/string-literals.html
 78        ESCAPE_FOLLOW_CHARS = ["0", "b", "n", "r", "t", "Z", "%", "_"]
 79
 80        NESTED_COMMENTS = False
 81
 82        KEYWORDS = {
 83            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
 84            "BLOB": TokenType.BLOB,
 85            "CHARSET": TokenType.CHARACTER_SET,
 86            "DISTINCTROW": TokenType.DISTINCT,
 87            "EXPLAIN": TokenType.DESCRIBE,
 88            "FORCE": TokenType.FORCE,
 89            "IGNORE": TokenType.IGNORE,
 90            "KEY": TokenType.KEY,
 91            "LOCK TABLES": TokenType.COMMAND,
 92            "LONGBLOB": TokenType.LONGBLOB,
 93            "LONGTEXT": TokenType.LONGTEXT,
 94            "MEDIUMBLOB": TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB,
 95            "MEDIUMINT": TokenType.MEDIUMINT,
 96            "MEDIUMTEXT": TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT,
 97            "MEMBER OF": TokenType.MEMBER_OF,
 98            "MOD": TokenType.MOD,
 99            "SEPARATOR": TokenType.SEPARATOR,
100            "SERIAL": TokenType.SERIAL,
101            "SIGNED": TokenType.BIGINT,
102            "SIGNED INTEGER": TokenType.BIGINT,
103            "START": TokenType.BEGIN,
104            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
105            "TINYBLOB": TokenType.TINYBLOB,
106            "TINYTEXT": TokenType.TINYTEXT,
107            "UNLOCK TABLES": TokenType.COMMAND,
108            "UNSIGNED": TokenType.UBIGINT,
109            "UNSIGNED INTEGER": TokenType.UBIGINT,
110            "YEAR": TokenType.YEAR,
111            "_ARMSCII8": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
112            "_ASCII": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
113            "_BIG5": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
114            "_BINARY": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
115            "_CP1250": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
116            "_CP1251": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
117            "_CP1256": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
118            "_CP1257": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
119            "_CP850": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
120            "_CP852": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
121            "_CP866": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
122            "_CP932": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
123            "_DEC8": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
124            "_EUCJPMS": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
125            "_EUCKR": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
126            "_GB18030": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
127            "_GB2312": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
128            "_GBK": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
129            "_GEOSTD8": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
130            "_GREEK": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
131            "_HEBREW": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
132            "_HP8": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
133            "_KEYBCS2": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
134            "_KOI8R": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
135            "_KOI8U": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
136            "_LATIN1": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
137            "_LATIN2": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
138            "_LATIN5": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
139            "_LATIN7": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
140            "_MACCE": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
141            "_MACROMAN": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
142            "_SJIS": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
143            "_SWE7": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
144            "_TIS620": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
145            "_UCS2": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
146            "_UJIS": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
147            # https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/string-literals.html
148            "_UTF8": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
149            "_UTF16": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
150            "_UTF16LE": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
151            "_UTF32": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
152            "_UTF8MB3": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
153            "_UTF8MB4": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
154            "@@": TokenType.SESSION_PARAMETER,
155        }
156
157        COMMANDS = {*tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS, TokenType.REPLACE} - {TokenType.SHOW}
158
159    Parser = MySQLParser
160
161    Generator = MySQLGenerator
PROMOTE_TO_INFERRED_DATETIME_TYPE = True

This flag is used in the optimizer's canonicalize rule and determines whether x will be promoted to the literal's type in x::DATE < '2020-01-01 12:05:03' (i.e., DATETIME). When false, the literal is cast to x's type to match it instead.

IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT = True

Whether an unquoted identifier can start with a digit.

NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = <NormalizationStrategy.CASE_SENSITIVE: 'CASE_SENSITIVE'>

Specifies the strategy according to which identifiers should be normalized.

TIME_FORMAT = "'%Y-%m-%d %T'"
DPIPE_IS_STRING_CONCAT = False

Whether the DPIPE token (||) is a string concatenation operator.

SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False

Whether user-defined data types are supported.

SAFE_DIVISION = True

Whether division by zero throws an error (False) or returns NULL (True).

SAFE_TO_ELIMINATE_DOUBLE_NEGATION = False
LEAST_GREATEST_IGNORES_NULLS = False

Whether LEAST/GREATEST functions ignore NULL values, e.g:

  • BigQuery, Snowflake, MySQL, Presto/Trino: LEAST(1, NULL, 2) -> NULL
  • Spark, Postgres, DuckDB, TSQL: LEAST(1, NULL, 2) -> 1
EXPRESSION_METADATA = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Add'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Adjacent'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.And'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayContainedBy'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayContains'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayContainsAll'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayOverlaps'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayPosition'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Binary'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseAnd'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseLeftShift'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseOr'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseRightShift'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseXor'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Collate'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Connector'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Corr'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.DPipe'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Distance'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.DistanceNd'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Div'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Dot'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.EQ'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Escape'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.ExtendsLeft'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.ExtendsRight'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.GT'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.GTE'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Glob'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.ILike'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.IntDiv'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Is'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONArrayContains'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBContains'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBContainsAllTopKeys'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBContainsAnyTopKeys'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBContainsTopKey'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBDeleteAtPath'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBExtract'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBExtractScalar'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBPathExists'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONExtract'>: {'returns': <DType.JSON: 'JSON'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONExtractScalar'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Kwarg'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.LT'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.LTE'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Like'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Match'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Mod'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Mul'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.NEQ'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.NestedJSONSelect'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.NullSafeEQ'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.NullSafeNEQ'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Operator'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Or'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Overlaps'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Pow'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.PropertyEQ'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.RegexpFullMatch'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.RegexpILike'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.RegexpLike'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.SimilarTo'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Sub'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Xor'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Alias'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseNot'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.IgnoreNulls'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Neg'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Not'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Paren'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.PivotAlias'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.RespectNulls'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Unary'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.DenseRank'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.RowNumber'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixSeconds'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArraySize'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixMillis'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Int64'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixMicros'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.ApproxDistinct'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.CountIf'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Rank'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Ntile'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.FromBase64'>: {'returns': <DType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.FromBase32'>: {'returns': <DType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.IsNan'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.IsInf'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Any'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.EndsWith'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.StartsWith'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Between'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.All'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Boolean'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.LogicalOr'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Contains'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.LogicalAnd'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Exists'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.In'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.CurrentDate'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeStrToDate'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DiToDate'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TsOrDsToDate'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.LastDay'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.StrToDate'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateFromParts'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateStrToDate'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Date'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Datetime'>: {'returns': <DType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DatetimeAdd'>: {'returns': <DType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DatetimeSub'>: {'returns': <DType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.CurrentDatetime'>: {'returns': <DType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Asinh'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Radians'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Sqrt'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.ToDouble'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Cosh'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Round'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Kurtosis'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Asin'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Pi'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.StddevPop'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Quantile'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Ln'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Acos'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Skewness'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.CumeDist'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.VariancePop'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.CovarPop'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Tan'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Atan'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Sin'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Avg'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Rand'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.SafeDivide'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Degrees'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Variance'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Cot'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.StddevSamp'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Exp'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Cos'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.ApproxQuantile'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Log'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Acosh'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Cbrt'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Stddev'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.PercentRank'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.CovarSamp'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.PercentileCont'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Tanh'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Atanh'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Sinh'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DayOfWeek'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Floor'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Levenshtein'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Ceil'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateToDi'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Unicode'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Quarter'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.BitLength'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Hour'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.StrPosition'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DayOfMonth'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DatetimeDiff'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Getbit'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Sign'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixDate'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Ascii'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DayOfYear'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Length'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TsOrDiToDi'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeDiff'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimestampDiff'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.datatypes.Interval'>: {'returns': <DType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.MakeInterval'>: {'returns': <DType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.JustifyInterval'>: {'returns': <DType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.JustifyHours'>: {'returns': <DType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.JustifyDays'>: {'returns': <DType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.ParseJSON'>: {'returns': <DType.JSON: 'JSON'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeAdd'>: {'returns': <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Time'>: {'returns': <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeSub'>: {'returns': <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Localtime'>: {'returns': <DType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.CurrentTime'>: {'returns': <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimestampLtzFromParts'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.CurrentTimestampLTZ'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimestampTzFromParts'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeStrToTime'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixToTime'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.StrToTime'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimestampSub'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.CurrentTimestamp'>: {'returns': <DType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimestampAdd'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Month'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.YearOfWeek'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Year'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DayOfWeekIso'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.WeekOfYear'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Week'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Day'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.YearOfWeekIso'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayToString'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentCatalog'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentUser'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixToTimeStr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Repeat'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Dayname'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.GroupConcat'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentSchema'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Space'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentRole'>: {'returns': <DType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Initcap'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.RawString'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.ToBase32'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Typeof'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Chr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.ConcatWs'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeToStr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Translate'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.SHA2'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Substring'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.SHA'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixToStr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.String'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.MD5'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Lower'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Trim'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TsOrDsToDateStr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.ToBase64'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Upper'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Concat'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateToDateStr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.SessionUser'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeToTimeStr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Monthname'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentVersion'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.LastValue'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Abs'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Filter'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.ArrayConcatAgg'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.Limit'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.Window'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArraySlice'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.HavingMax'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.NthValue'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.SortArray'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayReverse'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.AnyValue'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.Order'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.FirstValue'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Min'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Coalesce'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Max'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayConcat'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Least'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Greatest'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayFirst'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayLast'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Anonymous'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateTrunc'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateAdd'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateSub'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Cast'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.TryCast'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.Map'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.VarMap'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.Array'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.ArrayAgg'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Bracket'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Case'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Count'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateDiff'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.datatypes.DataType'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Distinct'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.Explode'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Extract'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.HexString'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.GenerateSeries'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.GenerateDateArray'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.GenerateTimestampArray'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.If'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Lag'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Lead'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Literal'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Null'>: {'returns': <DType.NULL: 'NULL'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Nullif'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.Struct'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Sum'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Timestamp'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ToMap'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.Unnest'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.WithinGroup'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.Subquery'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.MatchAgainst'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Atan2'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.StDistance'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UtcTimestamp'>: {'returns': <DType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Localtimestamp'>: {'returns': <DType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.ConvertTimezone'>: {'returns': <DType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UtcDate'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Collation'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Uuid'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Stuff'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.NumberToStr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Elt'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Replace'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONType'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.SubstringIndex'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.RegexpSubstr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Hex'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Second'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Minute'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Grouping'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.RegexpInstr'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UtcTime'>: {'returns': <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeFromParts'>: {'returns': <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Unhex'>: {'returns': <DType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONObject'>: {'returns': <DType.JSON: 'JSON'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONArrayAppend'>: {'returns': <DType.JSON: 'JSON'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONKeys'>: {'returns': <DType.JSON: 'JSON'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONRemove'>: {'returns': <DType.JSON: 'JSON'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONSet'>: {'returns': <DType.JSON: 'JSON'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONArrayInsert'>: {'returns': <DType.JSON: 'JSON'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONObjectAgg'>: {'returns': <DType.JSON: 'JSON'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Left'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Right'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Pad'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.BitwiseXorAgg'>: {'annotator': <function _annotate_bit_func>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.BitwiseOrAgg'>: {'annotator': <function _annotate_bit_func>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.BitwiseAndAgg'>: {'annotator': <function _annotate_bit_func>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Reverse'>: {'annotator': <function _annotate_reverse>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Trunc'>: {'annotator': <function _annotate_truncate>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.RegexpReplace'>: {'annotator': <function _annotate_regexp_replace>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Compress'>: {'annotator': <function _annotate_compress>}}
TIME_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'%M': '%B', '%c': '%-m', '%e': '%-d', '%h': '%I', '%i': '%M', '%s': '%S', '%u': '%W', '%k': '%-H', '%l': '%-I', '%r': '%I:%M:%S %p', '%T': '%H:%M:%S', '%W': '%A', '%x': '%G'}

Associates this dialect's time formats with their equivalent Python strftime formats.

VALID_INTERVAL_UNITS: set[str] = {'MICROSECS', 'MINUTES', 'YEAR', 'YEAR_MONTH', 'WY', 'DAYOFMONTH', 'DOW', 'MONTH', 'MICROSECOND', 'TIMEZONE_MINUTE', 'EPOCH_MICROSECONDS', 'MINUTE', 'DAYOFWEEK_ISO', 'TZH', 'Y', 'DW', 'WEEK', 'MM', 'DAYOFWEEK', 'QUARTER', 'MSEC', 'NSEC', 'M', 'USECS', 'NANOSECS', 'WEEKDAY', 'DW_ISO', 'MONTHS', 'D', 'MINS', 'DY', 'DAYOFYEAR', 'WK', 'HH', 'MS', 'TIMEZONE_HOUR', 'MIL', 'S', 'YYYY', 'DECADES', 'MON', 'NANOSECOND', 'WEEKOFYEAR', 'HOUR', 'TZM', 'MILLENNIUM', 'SECONDS', 'DOW_ISO', 'DAY OF WEEK', 'USECOND', 'H', 'MILLISECON', 'QTRS', 'MINUTE_MICROSECOND', 'HOUR_SECOND', 'MILLISECS', 'DOY', 'DAY_MINUTE', 'SECOND', 'EPOCH_MILLISECOND', 'HRS', 'DEC', 'EPOCH_SECONDS', 'YYY', 'YY', 'YRS', 'MSECONDS', 'SEC', 'USEC', 'MILLISECOND', 'HOURS', 'DAY OF YEAR', 'MILLISEC', 'C', 'MSECOND', 'WEEKDAY_ISO', 'EPOCH_NANOSECOND', 'NANOSEC', 'SECS', 'CENTURY', 'MILS', 'US', 'DAY_HOUR', 'WEEKOFYEAR_ISO', 'WEEKOFYEARISO', 'QUARTERS', 'YR', 'EPOCH', 'EPOCH_MILLISECONDS', 'MONS', 'MILLISECONDS', 'HOUR_MICROSECOND', 'DAY_MICROSECOND', 'HOUR_MINUTE', 'MICROSECONDS', 'MI', 'WEEK_ISO', 'MIN', 'MILLENIA', 'WOY', 'CENTS', 'DAY_SECOND', 'EPOCH_MICROSECOND', 'DAYS', 'MSECS', 'CENT', 'MINUTE_SECOND', 'W', 'MICROSEC', 'HR', 'NS', 'DD', 'EPOCH_NANOSECONDS', 'DECADE', 'NSECONDS', 'DAY', 'SECOND_MICROSECOND', 'DECS', 'DAYOFWEEKISO', 'USECONDS', 'YEARS', 'NSECOND', 'CENTURIES', 'WEEKISO', 'QTR', 'Q', 'EPOCH_SECOND'}
SUPPORTS_COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS = False

Whether the old-style outer join (+) syntax is supported.

UNESCAPED_SEQUENCES: dict[str, str] = {'\\a': '\x07', '\\b': '\x08', '\\f': '\x0c', '\\n': '\n', '\\r': '\r', '\\t': '\t', '\\v': '\x0b', '\\\\': '\\'}

Mapping of an escaped sequence (\n) to its unescaped version ( ).

STRINGS_SUPPORT_ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: bool = True

Whether string literals support escape sequences (e.g. \n). Set by the metaclass based on the tokenizer's STRING_ESCAPES.

BYTE_STRINGS_SUPPORT_ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: bool = True

Whether byte string literals support escape sequences. Set by the metaclass based on the tokenizer's BYTE_STRING_ESCAPES.

INITCAP_SUPPORTS_CUSTOM_DELIMITERS = False
tokenizer_class = <class 'MySQL.Tokenizer'>
jsonpath_tokenizer_class = <class 'sqlglot.dialects.dialect.JSONPathTokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'sqlglot.parsers.mysql.MySQLParser'>
generator_class = <class 'sqlglot.generators.mysql.MySQLGenerator'>
TIME_TRIE: dict = {'%': {'M': {0: True}, 'c': {0: True}, 'e': {0: True}, 'h': {0: True}, 'i': {0: True}, 's': {0: True}, 'u': {0: True}, 'k': {0: True}, 'l': {0: True}, 'r': {0: True}, 'T': {0: True}, 'W': {0: True}, 'x': {0: True}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: dict = {'%': {'M': {0: True}, 'c': {0: True}, 'e': {0: True}, 'h': {0: True}, 'i': {0: True}, 's': {0: True}, 'u': {0: True}, 'k': {0: True}, 'l': {0: True}, 'r': {0: True}, 'T': {0: True}, 'W': {0: True}, 'x': {0: True}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'%B': '%M', '%-m': '%c', '%-d': '%e', '%I': '%h', '%M': '%i', '%S': '%s', '%W': '%u', '%-H': '%k', '%-I': '%l', '%I:%M:%S %p': '%r', '%H:%M:%S': '%T', '%A': '%W', '%G': '%x', '%mstrict': '%m', '%dstrict': '%d', '%Hstrict': '%H', '%Istrict': '%h', '%Mstrict': '%i', '%Sstrict': '%s'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: dict = {'%': {'B': {0: True}, '-': {'m': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'I': {0: True, ':': {'%': {'M': {':': {'%': {'S': {' ': {'%': {'p': {0: True}}}}}}}}}, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'M': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'S': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'W': {0: True}, 'H': {':': {'%': {'M': {':': {'%': {'S': {0: True}}}}}}, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'A': {0: True}, 'G': {0: True}, 'm': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'd': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}}}
INVERSE_FORMAT_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'%mstrict': '%m', '%dstrict': '%d', '%Hstrict': '%H', '%Istrict': '%I', '%Mstrict': '%M', '%Sstrict': '%S'}
INVERSE_FORMAT_TRIE: dict = {'%': {'m': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'd': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'H': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'I': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'M': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'S': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}}}
INVERSE_CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {}
ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: dict[str, str] = {'\x07': '\\a', '\x08': '\\b', '\x0c': '\\f', '\n': '\\n', '\r': '\\r', '\t': '\\t', '\x0b': '\\v', '\\': '\\\\'}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '`'
IDENTIFIER_END = '`'
BIT_START: str | None = "b'"
BIT_END: str | None = "'"
HEX_START: str | None = "x'"
HEX_END: str | None = "'"
BYTE_START: str | None = None
BYTE_END: str | None = None
UNICODE_START: str | None = None
UNICODE_END: str | None = None
class MySQL.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer):
 70    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
 71        QUOTES = ["'", '"']
 72        COMMENTS = ["--", "#", ("/*", "*/")]
 73        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
 74        STRING_ESCAPES = ["'", '"', "\\"]
 75        BIT_STRINGS = [("b'", "'"), ("B'", "'"), ("0b", "")]
 76        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'"), ("0x", "")]
 77        # https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/string-literals.html
 78        ESCAPE_FOLLOW_CHARS = ["0", "b", "n", "r", "t", "Z", "%", "_"]
 79
 80        NESTED_COMMENTS = False
 81
 82        KEYWORDS = {
 83            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
 84            "BLOB": TokenType.BLOB,
 85            "CHARSET": TokenType.CHARACTER_SET,
 86            "DISTINCTROW": TokenType.DISTINCT,
 87            "EXPLAIN": TokenType.DESCRIBE,
 88            "FORCE": TokenType.FORCE,
 89            "IGNORE": TokenType.IGNORE,
 90            "KEY": TokenType.KEY,
 91            "LOCK TABLES": TokenType.COMMAND,
 92            "LONGBLOB": TokenType.LONGBLOB,
 93            "LONGTEXT": TokenType.LONGTEXT,
 94            "MEDIUMBLOB": TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB,
 95            "MEDIUMINT": TokenType.MEDIUMINT,
 96            "MEDIUMTEXT": TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT,
 97            "MEMBER OF": TokenType.MEMBER_OF,
 98            "MOD": TokenType.MOD,
 99            "SEPARATOR": TokenType.SEPARATOR,
100            "SERIAL": TokenType.SERIAL,
101            "SIGNED": TokenType.BIGINT,
102            "SIGNED INTEGER": TokenType.BIGINT,
103            "START": TokenType.BEGIN,
104            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
105            "TINYBLOB": TokenType.TINYBLOB,
106            "TINYTEXT": TokenType.TINYTEXT,
107            "UNLOCK TABLES": TokenType.COMMAND,
108            "UNSIGNED": TokenType.UBIGINT,
109            "UNSIGNED INTEGER": TokenType.UBIGINT,
110            "YEAR": TokenType.YEAR,
111            "_ARMSCII8": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
112            "_ASCII": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
113            "_BIG5": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
114            "_BINARY": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
115            "_CP1250": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
116            "_CP1251": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
117            "_CP1256": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
118            "_CP1257": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
119            "_CP850": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
120            "_CP852": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
121            "_CP866": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
122            "_CP932": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
123            "_DEC8": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
124            "_EUCJPMS": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
125            "_EUCKR": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
126            "_GB18030": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
127            "_GB2312": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
128            "_GBK": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
129            "_GEOSTD8": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
130            "_GREEK": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
131            "_HEBREW": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
132            "_HP8": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
133            "_KEYBCS2": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
134            "_KOI8R": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
135            "_KOI8U": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
136            "_LATIN1": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
137            "_LATIN2": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
138            "_LATIN5": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
139            "_LATIN7": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
140            "_MACCE": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
141            "_MACROMAN": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
142            "_SJIS": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
143            "_SWE7": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
144            "_TIS620": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
145            "_UCS2": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
146            "_UJIS": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
147            # https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/string-literals.html
148            "_UTF8": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
149            "_UTF16": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
150            "_UTF16LE": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
151            "_UTF32": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
152            "_UTF8MB3": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
153            "_UTF8MB4": TokenType.INTRODUCER,
154            "@@": TokenType.SESSION_PARAMETER,
155        }
156
157        COMMANDS = {*tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS, TokenType.REPLACE} - {TokenType.SHOW}
QUOTES = ["'", '"']
COMMENTS = ['--', '#', ('/*', '*/')]
IDENTIFIERS = ['`']
STRING_ESCAPES = ["'", '"', '\\']
BIT_STRINGS = [("b'", "'"), ("B'", "'"), ('0b', '')]
HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'"), ('0x', '')]
ESCAPE_FOLLOW_CHARS = ['0', 'b', 'n', 'r', 't', 'Z', '%', '_']
NESTED_COMMENTS = False
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '/*+': <TokenType.HINT: 293>, '&<': <TokenType.AMP_LT: 63>, '&>': <TokenType.AMP_GT: 64>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 28>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 14>, '?::': <TokenType.QDCOLON: 370>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 37>, '|>': <TokenType.PIPE_GT: 38>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 26>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 24>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 29>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 29>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 31>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 30>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 45>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 46>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 47>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 49>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 50>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 51>, '<<->>': <TokenType.LLRR_ARROW: 52>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 62>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 18>, '~~~': <TokenType.GLOB: 287>, '~~': <TokenType.LIKE: 318>, '~~*': <TokenType.ILIKE: 295>, '~*': <TokenType.IRLIKE: 307>, '-|-': <TokenType.ADJACENT: 65>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 220>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 34>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 221>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 222>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 225>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 218>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 226>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 228>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 228>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.BEGIN: 229>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 230>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 232>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 414>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 233>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 235>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 236>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 81>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 239>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 240>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 241>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COPY: 242>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 243>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 244>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 245>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 246>, 'CURRENT_SCHEMA': <TokenType.CURRENT_SCHEMA: 248>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 249>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 250>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 251>, 'CURRENT_CATALOG': <TokenType.CURRENT_CATALOG: 254>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 80>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 256>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 257>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 258>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 259>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 262>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 263>, 'DIV': <TokenType.DIV: 264>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 265>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 266>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 267>, 'ENUM': <TokenType.ENUM: 205>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 268>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 269>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 270>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 271>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 272>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 273>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 276>, 'FILE': <TokenType.FILE: 274>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 278>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 284>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 285>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 279>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 281>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 282>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 283>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 172>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 175>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 287>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 290>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 291>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 292>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 295>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 296>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 297>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 200>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 299>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 300>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 304>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 303>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 305>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 308>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 309>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 310>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 312>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 314>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 316>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 317>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 318>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 319>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 321>, 'LOCALTIME': <TokenType.LOCALTIME: 179>, 'LOCALTIMESTAMP': <TokenType.LOCALTIMESTAMP: 180>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 322>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 328>, 'NAMESPACE': <TokenType.NAMESPACE: 440>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 331>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 332>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 27>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 334>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 335>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 199>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 337>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 338>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 35>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 66>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 341>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 344>, 'OUT': <TokenType.OUT: 345>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 347>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 348>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 349>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 350>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 352>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 353>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 353>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 353>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 354>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 355>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 360>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 362>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 363>, 'OPERATOR': <TokenType.OPERATOR: 340>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 368>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 371>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 372>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 380>, 'RENAME': <TokenType.RENAME: 374>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 375>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 376>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 378>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 379>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 380>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 382>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 383>, 'ROW': <TokenType.ROW: 384>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 385>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 83>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 387>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 388>, 'SESSION': <TokenType.SESSION: 59>, 'SESSION_USER': <TokenType.SESSION_USER: 61>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 392>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 393>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 394>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 395>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 396>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 397>, 'SQL SECURITY': <TokenType.SQL_SECURITY: 399>, 'STRAIGHT_JOIN': <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 402>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 84>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 405>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 407>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 407>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 409>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 410>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 411>, 'TRIGGER': <TokenType.TRIGGER: 412>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 416>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 214>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 417>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 418>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 419>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 420>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 421>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 171>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 422>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 424>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 426>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 428>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 429>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 430>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 431>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 223>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 224>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 97>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 98>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 98>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 103>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 110>, 'UHUGEINT': <TokenType.UINT128: 111>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 110>, 'INT256': <TokenType.INT256: 112>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'INT8': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'UINT': <TokenType.UINT: 106>, 'UINT128': <TokenType.UINT128: 111>, 'UINT256': <TokenType.UINT256: 113>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'DECIMAL32': <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 118>, 'DECIMAL64': <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 119>, 'DECIMAL128': <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 120>, 'DECIMAL256': <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 121>, 'DECFLOAT': <TokenType.DECFLOAT: 122>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 124>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 124>, 'BIGNUM': <TokenType.BIGNUM: 109>, 'LIST': <TokenType.LIST: 320>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 323>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 174>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 114>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 114>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 114>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 115>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 115>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 115>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 141>, 'JSONB': <TokenType.JSONB: 142>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 125>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 125>, 'CHAR VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'CHARACTER VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 126>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 128>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 128>, 'BPCHAR': <TokenType.BPCHAR: 129>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 132>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 131>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 137>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 139>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.BLOB: 133>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 135>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 134>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 136>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 140>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 140>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 143>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 144>, 'TIME_NS': <TokenType.TIME_NS: 145>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 147>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 147>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 148>, 'TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 148>, 'TIMESTAMPNTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 149>, 'TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 149>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 157>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 153>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 159>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 160>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 161>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 162>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 163>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 164>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 165>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 166>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 167>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 168>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 169>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 170>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 432>, 'VECTOR': <TokenType.VECTOR: 215>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 403>, 'SEQUENCE': <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 390>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 198>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 219>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.ANALYZE: 439>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 238>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 259>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.GRANT: 289>, 'REVOKE': <TokenType.REVOKE: 377>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 193>, 'CHARSET': <TokenType.CHARACTER_SET: 234>, 'DISTINCTROW': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 262>, 'FORCE': <TokenType.FORCE: 280>, 'IGNORE': <TokenType.IGNORE: 294>, 'KEY': <TokenType.KEY: 313>, 'LOCK TABLES': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'MEMBER OF': <TokenType.MEMBER_OF: 327>, 'MOD': <TokenType.MOD: 329>, 'SEPARATOR': <TokenType.SEPARATOR: 389>, 'SERIAL': <TokenType.SERIAL: 188>, 'SIGNED': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'SIGNED INTEGER': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'START': <TokenType.BEGIN: 229>, 'UNLOCK TABLES': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'UNSIGNED': <TokenType.UBIGINT: 108>, 'UNSIGNED INTEGER': <TokenType.UBIGINT: 108>, 'YEAR': <TokenType.YEAR: 192>, '_ARMSCII8': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_ASCII': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_BIG5': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_BINARY': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_CP1250': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_CP1251': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_CP1256': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_CP1257': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_CP850': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_CP852': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_CP866': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_CP932': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_DEC8': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_EUCJPMS': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_EUCKR': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_GB18030': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_GB2312': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_GBK': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_GEOSTD8': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_GREEK': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_HEBREW': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_HP8': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_KEYBCS2': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_KOI8R': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_KOI8U': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_LATIN1': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_LATIN2': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_LATIN5': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_LATIN7': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_MACCE': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_MACROMAN': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_SJIS': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_SWE7': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_TIS620': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_UCS2': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_UJIS': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_UTF8': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_UTF16': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_UTF16LE': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_UTF32': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_UTF8MB3': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_UTF8MB4': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '@@': <TokenType.SESSION_PARAMETER: 60>}
COMMANDS = {<TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 270>, <TokenType.FETCH: 273>, <TokenType.RENAME: 374>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 375>}
BYTE_STRING_ESCAPES: ClassVar[list[str]] = ["'", '"', '\\']
class Oracle(sqlglot.dialects.Dialect):
16class Oracle(Dialect):
17    ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE = True
18    LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED = True
19    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
20    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_large"
21    ON_CONDITION_EMPTY_BEFORE_ERROR = False
22    ALTER_TABLE_ADD_REQUIRED_FOR_EACH_COLUMN = False
23    DISABLES_ALIAS_REF_EXPANSION = True
24
25    # See section 8: https://docs.oracle.com/cd/A97630_01/server.920/a96540/sql_elements9a.htm
26    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.UPPERCASE
27
28    # https://docs.oracle.com/database/121/SQLRF/sql_elements004.htm#SQLRF00212
29    # https://docs.python.org/3/library/datetime.html#strftime-and-strptime-format-codes
30    TIME_MAPPING = {
31        "D": "%u",  # Day of week (1-7)
32        "DAY": "%A",  # name of day
33        "DD": "%d",  # day of month (1-31)
34        "DDD": "%j",  # day of year (1-366)
35        "DY": "%a",  # abbreviated name of day
36        "HH": "%I",  # Hour of day (1-12)
37        "HH12": "%I",  # alias for HH
38        "HH24": "%H",  # Hour of day (0-23)
39        "IW": "%V",  # Calendar week of year (1-52 or 1-53), as defined by the ISO 8601 standard
40        "MI": "%M",  # Minute (0-59)
41        "MM": "%m",  # Month (01-12; January = 01)
42        "MON": "%b",  # Abbreviated name of month
43        "MONTH": "%B",  # Name of month
44        "SS": "%S",  # Second (0-59)
45        "WW": "%W",  # Week of year (1-53)
46        "YY": "%y",  # 15
47        "YYYY": "%Y",  # 2015
48        "FF6": "%f",  # only 6 digits are supported in python formats
49    }
50
51    PSEUDOCOLUMNS = {"ROWNUM", "ROWID", "OBJECT_ID", "OBJECT_VALUE", "LEVEL"}
52
53    def can_quote(self, identifier: exp.Identifier, identify: str | bool = "safe") -> bool:
54        # Disable quoting for pseudocolumns as it may break queries e.g
55        # `WHERE "ROWNUM" = ...` does not work but `WHERE ROWNUM = ...` does
56        return (
57            identifier.quoted or not isinstance(identifier.parent, exp.Pseudocolumn)
58        ) and super().can_quote(identifier, identify=identify)
59
60    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
61        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"@", "$", "#"}
62
63        UNICODE_STRINGS = [
64            (prefix + q, q)
65            for q in t.cast(list[str], tokens.Tokenizer.QUOTES)
66            for prefix in ("U", "u")
67        ]
68
69        NESTED_COMMENTS = False
70
71        KEYWORDS = {
72            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
73            "(+)": TokenType.JOIN_MARKER,
74            # https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/19/sqlrf/Comparison-Conditions.html
75            "^=": TokenType.NEQ,
76            "BINARY_DOUBLE": TokenType.DOUBLE,
77            "BINARY_FLOAT": TokenType.FLOAT,
78            "BULK COLLECT INTO": TokenType.BULK_COLLECT_INTO,
79            "COLUMNS": TokenType.COLUMN,
80            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
81            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
82            "NVARCHAR2": TokenType.NVARCHAR,
83            "ORDER SIBLINGS BY": TokenType.ORDER_SIBLINGS_BY,
84            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
85            "START": TokenType.BEGIN,
86            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
87            "VARCHAR2": TokenType.VARCHAR,
88            "SYSTIMESTAMP": TokenType.SYSTIMESTAMP,
89        }
90
91    Parser = OracleParser
92
93    Generator = OracleGenerator
ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE = True

Whether the table alias comes after tablesample.

LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED = True
TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True

Whether a size in the table sample clause represents percentage.

NULL_ORDERING = 'nulls_are_large'

Default NULL ordering method to use if not explicitly set. Possible values: "nulls_are_small", "nulls_are_large", "nulls_are_last"

ON_CONDITION_EMPTY_BEFORE_ERROR = False

Whether "X ON EMPTY" should come before "X ON ERROR" (for dialects like T-SQL, MySQL, Oracle).

ALTER_TABLE_ADD_REQUIRED_FOR_EACH_COLUMN = False
DISABLES_ALIAS_REF_EXPANSION = True

Whether alias reference expansion is disabled for this dialect.

Some dialects like Oracle do NOT support referencing aliases in projections or WHERE clauses. The original expression must be repeated instead.

For example, in Oracle: SELECT y.foo AS bar, bar * 2 AS baz FROM y -- INVALID SELECT y.foo AS bar, y.foo * 2 AS baz FROM y -- VALID

NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = <NormalizationStrategy.UPPERCASE: 'UPPERCASE'>

Specifies the strategy according to which identifiers should be normalized.

TIME_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'D': '%u', 'DAY': '%A', 'DD': '%d', 'DDD': '%j', 'DY': '%a', 'HH': '%I', 'HH12': '%I', 'HH24': '%H', 'IW': '%V', 'MI': '%M', 'MM': '%m', 'MON': '%b', 'MONTH': '%B', 'SS': '%S', 'WW': '%W', 'YY': '%y', 'YYYY': '%Y', 'FF6': '%f'}

Associates this dialect's time formats with their equivalent Python strftime formats.

PSEUDOCOLUMNS: set[str] = {'OBJECT_VALUE', 'LEVEL', 'ROWNUM', 'OBJECT_ID', 'ROWID'}

Columns that are auto-generated by the engine corresponding to this dialect. For example, such columns may be excluded from SELECT * queries.

def can_quote( self, identifier: sqlglot.expressions.core.Identifier, identify: str | bool = 'safe') -> bool:
53    def can_quote(self, identifier: exp.Identifier, identify: str | bool = "safe") -> bool:
54        # Disable quoting for pseudocolumns as it may break queries e.g
55        # `WHERE "ROWNUM" = ...` does not work but `WHERE ROWNUM = ...` does
56        return (
57            identifier.quoted or not isinstance(identifier.parent, exp.Pseudocolumn)
58        ) and super().can_quote(identifier, identify=identify)

Checks if an identifier can be quoted

Arguments:
  • identifier: The identifier to check.
  • identify: True: Always returns True except for certain cases. "safe": Only returns True if the identifier is case-insensitive. "unsafe": Only returns True if the identifier is case-sensitive.
Returns:

Whether the given text can be identified.

SUPPORTS_COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS = True

Whether the old-style outer join (+) syntax is supported.

STRINGS_SUPPORT_ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: bool = False

Whether string literals support escape sequences (e.g. \n). Set by the metaclass based on the tokenizer's STRING_ESCAPES.

BYTE_STRINGS_SUPPORT_ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: bool = False

Whether byte string literals support escape sequences. Set by the metaclass based on the tokenizer's BYTE_STRING_ESCAPES.

INITCAP_SUPPORTS_CUSTOM_DELIMITERS = False
tokenizer_class = <class 'Oracle.Tokenizer'>
jsonpath_tokenizer_class = <class 'sqlglot.dialects.dialect.JSONPathTokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'sqlglot.parsers.oracle.OracleParser'>
generator_class = <class 'sqlglot.generators.oracle.OracleGenerator'>
TIME_TRIE: dict = {'D': {0: True, 'A': {'Y': {0: True}}, 'D': {0: True, 'D': {0: True}}, 'Y': {0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {0: True, '1': {'2': {0: True}}, '2': {'4': {0: True}}}}, 'I': {'W': {0: True}}, 'M': {'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True, 'T': {'H': {0: True}}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}, 'W': {'W': {0: True}}, 'Y': {'Y': {0: True, 'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}}}, 'F': {'F': {'6': {0: True}}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: dict = {'D': {0: True, 'A': {'Y': {0: True}}, 'D': {0: True, 'D': {0: True}}, 'Y': {0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {0: True, '1': {'2': {0: True}}, '2': {'4': {0: True}}}}, 'I': {'W': {0: True}}, 'M': {'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True, 'T': {'H': {0: True}}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}, 'W': {'W': {0: True}}, 'Y': {'Y': {0: True, 'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}}}, 'F': {'F': {'6': {0: True}}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'%u': 'D', '%A': 'DAY', '%d': 'DD', '%j': 'DDD', '%a': 'DY', '%I': 'HH12', '%H': 'HH24', '%V': 'IW', '%M': 'MI', '%m': 'MM', '%b': 'MON', '%B': 'MONTH', '%S': 'SS', '%W': 'WW', '%y': 'YY', '%Y': 'YYYY', '%f': 'FF6', '%mstrict': 'MM', '%dstrict': 'DD', '%Hstrict': 'HH24', '%Istrict': 'HH12', '%Mstrict': 'MI', '%Sstrict': 'SS'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: dict = {'%': {'u': {0: True}, 'A': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'j': {0: True}, 'a': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'H': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'V': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'm': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'b': {0: True}, 'B': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'W': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}, 'Y': {0: True}, 'f': {0: True}}}
INVERSE_FORMAT_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'%mstrict': '%m', '%dstrict': '%d', '%Hstrict': '%H', '%Istrict': '%I', '%Mstrict': '%M', '%Sstrict': '%S'}
INVERSE_FORMAT_TRIE: dict = {'%': {'m': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'd': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'H': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'I': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'M': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'S': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}}}
INVERSE_CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {}
ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: dict[str, str] = {}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '"'
IDENTIFIER_END = '"'
VALID_INTERVAL_UNITS: set[str] = {'MICROSECS', 'MINUTES', 'YEAR', 'WY', 'DAYOFMONTH', 'DOW', 'MONTH', 'MICROSECOND', 'TIMEZONE_MINUTE', 'EPOCH_MICROSECONDS', 'MINUTE', 'DAYOFWEEK_ISO', 'TZH', 'Y', 'DW', 'WEEK', 'MM', 'DAYOFWEEK', 'QUARTER', 'MSEC', 'NSEC', 'M', 'USECS', 'NANOSECS', 'WEEKDAY', 'DW_ISO', 'MONTHS', 'D', 'MINS', 'DY', 'DAYOFYEAR', 'WK', 'HH', 'MS', 'TIMEZONE_HOUR', 'MIL', 'S', 'YYYY', 'DECADES', 'MON', 'NANOSECOND', 'WEEKOFYEAR', 'HOUR', 'TZM', 'MILLENNIUM', 'SECONDS', 'DOW_ISO', 'DAY OF WEEK', 'USECOND', 'H', 'MILLISECON', 'QTRS', 'MILLISECS', 'DOY', 'SECOND', 'EPOCH_MILLISECOND', 'HRS', 'DEC', 'EPOCH_SECONDS', 'YYY', 'YY', 'YRS', 'MSECONDS', 'SEC', 'USEC', 'MILLISECOND', 'HOURS', 'DAY OF YEAR', 'MILLISEC', 'C', 'MSECOND', 'WEEKDAY_ISO', 'EPOCH_NANOSECOND', 'NANOSEC', 'SECS', 'CENTURY', 'MILS', 'US', 'WEEKOFYEAR_ISO', 'WEEKOFYEARISO', 'QUARTERS', 'YR', 'EPOCH', 'EPOCH_MILLISECONDS', 'MONS', 'MILLISECONDS', 'MICROSECONDS', 'MI', 'WEEK_ISO', 'MIN', 'MILLENIA', 'WOY', 'CENTS', 'EPOCH_MICROSECOND', 'DAYS', 'MSECS', 'CENT', 'W', 'MICROSEC', 'HR', 'NS', 'DD', 'EPOCH_NANOSECONDS', 'DECADE', 'NSECONDS', 'DAY', 'DECS', 'DAYOFWEEKISO', 'USECONDS', 'YEARS', 'NSECOND', 'CENTURIES', 'WEEKISO', 'QTR', 'Q', 'EPOCH_SECOND'}
BIT_START: str | None = None
BIT_END: str | None = None
HEX_START: str | None = None
HEX_END: str | None = None
BYTE_START: str | None = None
BYTE_END: str | None = None
UNICODE_START: str | None = "U'"
UNICODE_END: str | None = "'"
class Oracle.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer):
60    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
61        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"@", "$", "#"}
62
63        UNICODE_STRINGS = [
64            (prefix + q, q)
65            for q in t.cast(list[str], tokens.Tokenizer.QUOTES)
66            for prefix in ("U", "u")
67        ]
68
69        NESTED_COMMENTS = False
70
71        KEYWORDS = {
72            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
73            "(+)": TokenType.JOIN_MARKER,
74            # https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/19/sqlrf/Comparison-Conditions.html
75            "^=": TokenType.NEQ,
76            "BINARY_DOUBLE": TokenType.DOUBLE,
77            "BINARY_FLOAT": TokenType.FLOAT,
78            "BULK COLLECT INTO": TokenType.BULK_COLLECT_INTO,
79            "COLUMNS": TokenType.COLUMN,
80            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
81            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
82            "NVARCHAR2": TokenType.NVARCHAR,
83            "ORDER SIBLINGS BY": TokenType.ORDER_SIBLINGS_BY,
84            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
85            "START": TokenType.BEGIN,
86            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
87            "VARCHAR2": TokenType.VARCHAR,
88            "SYSTIMESTAMP": TokenType.SYSTIMESTAMP,
89        }
VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {'#', '@', '$'}
UNICODE_STRINGS = [("U'", "'"), ("u'", "'")]
NESTED_COMMENTS = False
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '/*+': <TokenType.HINT: 293>, '&<': <TokenType.AMP_LT: 63>, '&>': <TokenType.AMP_GT: 64>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 28>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 14>, '?::': <TokenType.QDCOLON: 370>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 37>, '|>': <TokenType.PIPE_GT: 38>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 26>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 24>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 29>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 29>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 31>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 30>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 45>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 46>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 47>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 49>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 50>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 51>, '<<->>': <TokenType.LLRR_ARROW: 52>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 62>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 18>, '~~~': <TokenType.GLOB: 287>, '~~': <TokenType.LIKE: 318>, '~~*': <TokenType.ILIKE: 295>, '~*': <TokenType.IRLIKE: 307>, '-|-': <TokenType.ADJACENT: 65>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 220>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 34>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 221>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 222>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 225>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 218>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 226>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 228>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 228>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.BEGIN: 229>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 230>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 232>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 414>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 233>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 235>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 236>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 81>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 239>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 240>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 241>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COPY: 242>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 243>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 244>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 245>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 246>, 'CURRENT_SCHEMA': <TokenType.CURRENT_SCHEMA: 248>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 249>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 250>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 251>, 'CURRENT_CATALOG': <TokenType.CURRENT_CATALOG: 254>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 80>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 256>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 257>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 258>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 259>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 262>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 263>, 'DIV': <TokenType.DIV: 264>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 265>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 266>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 267>, 'ENUM': <TokenType.ENUM: 205>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 268>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 269>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 270>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 271>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 272>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 273>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 276>, 'FILE': <TokenType.FILE: 274>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 278>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 284>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 285>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 279>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 281>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 282>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 283>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 172>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 175>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 287>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 290>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 291>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 292>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 295>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 296>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 297>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 200>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 299>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 300>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 304>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 303>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 305>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 308>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 309>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 310>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 312>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 314>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 316>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 317>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 318>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 319>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 321>, 'LOCALTIME': <TokenType.LOCALTIME: 179>, 'LOCALTIMESTAMP': <TokenType.LOCALTIMESTAMP: 180>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 322>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 328>, 'NAMESPACE': <TokenType.NAMESPACE: 440>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 331>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 332>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 27>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 334>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 335>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 199>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 337>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 338>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 35>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 66>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 341>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 344>, 'OUT': <TokenType.OUT: 345>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 347>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 348>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 349>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 350>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 352>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 353>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 353>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 353>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 354>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 355>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 360>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 362>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 363>, 'OPERATOR': <TokenType.OPERATOR: 340>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 368>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 371>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 372>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 380>, 'RENAME': <TokenType.RENAME: 374>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 375>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 376>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 378>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 379>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 380>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 382>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 383>, 'ROW': <TokenType.ROW: 384>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 385>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 83>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 387>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 388>, 'SESSION': <TokenType.SESSION: 59>, 'SESSION_USER': <TokenType.SESSION_USER: 61>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 392>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 393>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 394>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 395>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 396>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 397>, 'SQL SECURITY': <TokenType.SQL_SECURITY: 399>, 'STRAIGHT_JOIN': <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 402>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 84>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 405>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 407>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 407>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 409>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 410>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 411>, 'TRIGGER': <TokenType.TRIGGER: 412>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 416>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 214>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 417>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 418>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 419>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 420>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 421>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 171>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 422>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 424>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 426>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 428>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 429>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 430>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 431>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 223>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 224>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 97>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 98>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 98>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 103>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 110>, 'UHUGEINT': <TokenType.UINT128: 111>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 110>, 'INT256': <TokenType.INT256: 112>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'INT8': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'UINT': <TokenType.UINT: 106>, 'UINT128': <TokenType.UINT128: 111>, 'UINT256': <TokenType.UINT256: 113>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'DECIMAL32': <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 118>, 'DECIMAL64': <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 119>, 'DECIMAL128': <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 120>, 'DECIMAL256': <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 121>, 'DECFLOAT': <TokenType.DECFLOAT: 122>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 124>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 124>, 'BIGNUM': <TokenType.BIGNUM: 109>, 'LIST': <TokenType.LIST: 320>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 323>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 174>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 114>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 114>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 114>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 115>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 115>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 115>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 141>, 'JSONB': <TokenType.JSONB: 142>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 125>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 125>, 'CHAR VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'CHARACTER VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 126>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 128>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 128>, 'BPCHAR': <TokenType.BPCHAR: 129>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 132>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 131>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 137>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 139>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 140>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 135>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 134>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 136>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 140>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 140>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 143>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 144>, 'TIME_NS': <TokenType.TIME_NS: 145>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 146>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 147>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 148>, 'TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 148>, 'TIMESTAMPNTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 149>, 'TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 149>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 157>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 153>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 159>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 160>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 161>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 162>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 163>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 164>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 165>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 166>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 167>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 168>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 169>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 170>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 432>, 'VECTOR': <TokenType.VECTOR: 215>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 403>, 'SEQUENCE': <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 390>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 198>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 219>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.ANALYZE: 439>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 238>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.GRANT: 289>, 'REVOKE': <TokenType.REVOKE: 377>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 193>, '(+)': <TokenType.JOIN_MARKER: 311>, '^=': <TokenType.NEQ: 29>, 'BINARY_DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 115>, 'BINARY_FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 114>, 'BULK COLLECT INTO': <TokenType.BULK_COLLECT_INTO: 231>, 'COLUMNS': <TokenType.COLUMN: 81>, 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE': <TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE: 326>, 'MINUS': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 269>, 'ORDER SIBLINGS BY': <TokenType.ORDER_SIBLINGS_BY: 342>, 'SAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 405>, 'START': <TokenType.BEGIN: 229>, 'TOP': <TokenType.TOP: 408>, 'SYSTIMESTAMP': <TokenType.SYSTIMESTAMP: 181>}
BYTE_STRING_ESCAPES: ClassVar[list[str]] = ["'"]
class Postgres(sqlglot.dialects.Dialect):
 12class Postgres(Dialect):
 13    EXPRESSION_METADATA = EXPRESSION_METADATA.copy()
 14    INDEX_OFFSET = 1
 15    ASCII_ONLY_NORMALIZATION = True
 16    # Normalizing `x IS NOT NULL` to `NOT x IS NULL` is unsafe due to row values,
 17    # e.g. `ROW(1, NULL) IS NOT NULL` is false whereas `NOT ROW(1, NULL) IS NULL` is true
 18    NORMALIZE_NOT_NULL = False
 19    TYPED_DIVISION = True
 20    CONCAT_COALESCE = True
 21    CONCAT_WS_COALESCE = True
 22    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_large"
 23    SUPPORTS_LIMIT_ALL = True
 24    TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'"
 25    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
 26    TABLES_REFERENCEABLE_AS_COLUMNS = True
 27
 28    DEFAULT_FUNCTIONS_COLUMN_NAMES = {
 29        exp.ExplodingGenerateSeries: "generate_series",
 30    }
 31
 32    TIME_MAPPING = {
 33        "d": "%u",  # 1-based day of week
 34        "D": "%u",  # 1-based day of week
 35        "dd": "%d",  # day of month
 36        "DD": "%d",  # day of month
 37        "ddd": "%j",  # zero padded day of year
 38        "DDD": "%j",  # zero padded day of year
 39        "FMDD": "%-d",  # - is no leading zero for Python; same for FM in postgres
 40        "FMDDD": "%-j",  # day of year
 41        "FMHH12": "%-I",  # 9
 42        "FMHH24": "%-H",  # 9
 43        "FMMI": "%-M",  # Minute
 44        "FMMM": "%-m",  # 1
 45        "FMSS": "%-S",  # Second
 46        "HH12": "%I",  # 09
 47        "HH24": "%H",  # 09
 48        "mi": "%M",  # zero padded minute
 49        "MI": "%M",  # zero padded minute
 50        "mm": "%m",  # 01
 51        "MM": "%m",  # 01
 52        "OF": "%z",  # utc offset
 53        "ss": "%S",  # zero padded second
 54        "SS": "%S",  # zero padded second
 55        "TMDay": "%A",  # TM is locale dependent
 56        "TMDy": "%a",
 57        "TMMon": "%b",  # Sep
 58        "TMMonth": "%B",  # September
 59        "day": "%Aenlower",  # tuesday
 60        "dy": "%aenlower",  # tue
 61        "TZ": "%Z",  # uppercase timezone name
 62        "US": "%f",  # zero padded microsecond
 63        "ww": "%U",  # 1-based week of year
 64        "WW": "%U",  # 1-based week of year
 65        "yy": "%y",  # 15
 66        "YY": "%y",  # 15
 67        "yyy": "%Ythree",  # 015
 68        "YYY": "%Ythree",  # 015
 69        "yyyy": "%Y",  # 2015
 70        "YYYY": "%Y",  # 2015
 71    }
 72
 73    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
 74        BIT_STRINGS = [("b'", "'"), ("B'", "'")]
 75        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
 76        BYTE_STRINGS = [("e'", "'"), ("E'", "'")]
 77        UNICODE_STRINGS = [("U&'", "'"), ("u&'", "'")]
 78        BYTE_STRING_ESCAPES = ["'", "\\"]
 79        HEREDOC_STRINGS = ["$"]
 80
 81        HEREDOC_TAG_IS_IDENTIFIER = True
 82        HEREDOC_STRING_ALTERNATIVE = TokenType.PARAMETER
 83
 84        COMMANDS = {*tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS, TokenType.LOCK}
 85
 86        KEYWORDS = {
 87            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
 88            "~": TokenType.RLIKE,
 89            "@@": TokenType.DAT,
 90            "@?": TokenType.AT_QMARK,
 91            "@>": TokenType.AT_GT,
 92            "<@": TokenType.LT_AT,
 93            "?&": TokenType.QMARK_AMP,
 94            "?|": TokenType.QMARK_PIPE,
 95            "#-": TokenType.HASH_DASH,
 96            "|/": TokenType.PIPE_SLASH,
 97            "||/": TokenType.DPIPE_SLASH,
 98            "BEGIN": TokenType.BEGIN,
 99            "BIGSERIAL": TokenType.BIGSERIAL,
100            "CSTRING": TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE,
101            "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
102            "DO": TokenType.COMMAND,
103            "EXEC": TokenType.COMMAND,
104            "HSTORE": TokenType.HSTORE,
105            "INT8": TokenType.BIGINT,
106            "MONEY": TokenType.MONEY,
107            "NAME": TokenType.NAME,
108            "OID": TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER,
109            "ONLY": TokenType.ONLY,
110            "POINT": TokenType.POINT,
111            "REFRESH": TokenType.COMMAND,
112            "REINDEX": TokenType.COMMAND,
113            "RESET": TokenType.COMMAND,
114            "SERIAL": TokenType.SERIAL,
115            "SMALLSERIAL": TokenType.SMALLSERIAL,
116            "TEMP": TokenType.TEMPORARY,
117            "TYPE": TokenType.TYPE,
118            "REGCLASS": TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER,
119            "REGCOLLATION": TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER,
120            "REGCONFIG": TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER,
121            "REGDICTIONARY": TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER,
122            "REGNAMESPACE": TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER,
123            "REGOPER": TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER,
124            "REGOPERATOR": TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER,
125            "REGPROC": TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER,
126            "REGPROCEDURE": TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER,
127            "REGROLE": TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER,
128            "REGTYPE": TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER,
129            "FLOAT": TokenType.DOUBLE,
130            "XML": TokenType.XML,
131            "VARIADIC": TokenType.VARIADIC,
132            "INOUT": TokenType.INOUT,
133        }
134        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
135        KEYWORDS.pop("DIV")
136
137        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
138            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
139            "$": TokenType.HEREDOC_STRING,
140        }
141
142        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}
143
144    Parser = PostgresParser
145
146    Generator = PostgresGenerator
EXPRESSION_METADATA = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Add'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Adjacent'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.And'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayContainedBy'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayContains'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayContainsAll'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayOverlaps'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayPosition'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Binary'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseAnd'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseLeftShift'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseOr'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseRightShift'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseXor'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Collate'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Connector'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Corr'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.DPipe'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Distance'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.DistanceNd'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Div'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Dot'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.EQ'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Escape'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.ExtendsLeft'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.ExtendsRight'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.GT'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.GTE'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Glob'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.ILike'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.IntDiv'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Is'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONArrayContains'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBContains'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBContainsAllTopKeys'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBContainsAnyTopKeys'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBContainsTopKey'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBDeleteAtPath'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBExtract'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBExtractScalar'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBPathExists'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONExtract'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONExtractScalar'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Kwarg'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.LT'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.LTE'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Like'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Match'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Mod'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Mul'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.NEQ'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.NestedJSONSelect'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.NullSafeEQ'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.NullSafeNEQ'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Operator'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Or'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Overlaps'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Pow'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.PropertyEQ'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.RegexpFullMatch'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.RegexpILike'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.RegexpLike'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.SimilarTo'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Sub'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Xor'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Alias'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseNot'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.IgnoreNulls'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Neg'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Not'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Paren'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.PivotAlias'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.RespectNulls'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Unary'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.DenseRank'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.RowNumber'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixSeconds'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArraySize'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixMillis'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Int64'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixMicros'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.ApproxDistinct'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.CountIf'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Rank'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Ntile'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.FromBase64'>: {'returns': <DType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.FromBase32'>: {'returns': <DType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.IsNan'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.IsInf'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Any'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.EndsWith'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.StartsWith'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Between'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.All'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Boolean'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.LogicalOr'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Contains'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.LogicalAnd'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Exists'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.In'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.CurrentDate'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeStrToDate'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DiToDate'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TsOrDsToDate'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.LastDay'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.StrToDate'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateFromParts'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateStrToDate'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Date'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Datetime'>: {'returns': <DType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DatetimeAdd'>: {'returns': <DType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DatetimeSub'>: {'returns': <DType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.CurrentDatetime'>: {'returns': <DType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Asinh'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Radians'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Sqrt'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.ToDouble'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Cosh'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Round'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Kurtosis'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Asin'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Pi'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.StddevPop'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Quantile'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Ln'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Acos'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Skewness'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.CumeDist'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.VariancePop'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.CovarPop'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Tan'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Atan'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Sin'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Avg'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Rand'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.SafeDivide'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Degrees'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Variance'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Cot'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.StddevSamp'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Exp'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Cos'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.ApproxQuantile'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Log'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Acosh'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Cbrt'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Stddev'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.PercentRank'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.CovarSamp'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.PercentileCont'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Tanh'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Atanh'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Sinh'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DayOfWeek'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Floor'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Levenshtein'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Ceil'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateToDi'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Unicode'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Quarter'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.BitLength'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Hour'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.StrPosition'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DayOfMonth'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DatetimeDiff'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Getbit'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Sign'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixDate'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Ascii'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DayOfYear'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Length'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TsOrDiToDi'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeDiff'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimestampDiff'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.datatypes.Interval'>: {'returns': <DType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.MakeInterval'>: {'returns': <DType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.JustifyInterval'>: {'returns': <DType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.JustifyHours'>: {'returns': <DType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.JustifyDays'>: {'returns': <DType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.ParseJSON'>: {'returns': <DType.JSON: 'JSON'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeAdd'>: {'returns': <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Time'>: {'returns': <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeSub'>: {'returns': <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Localtime'>: {'returns': <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.CurrentTime'>: {'returns': <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimestampLtzFromParts'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.CurrentTimestampLTZ'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimestampTzFromParts'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeStrToTime'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixToTime'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.StrToTime'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimestampSub'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.CurrentTimestamp'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimestampAdd'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Month'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.YearOfWeek'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Year'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DayOfWeekIso'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.WeekOfYear'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Week'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Day'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.YearOfWeekIso'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayToString'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentCatalog'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentUser'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixToTimeStr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Repeat'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Dayname'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.GroupConcat'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentSchema'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Space'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentRole'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Initcap'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.RawString'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.ToBase32'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Typeof'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Chr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.ConcatWs'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeToStr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Translate'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.SHA2'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Substring'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.SHA'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixToStr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.String'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.MD5'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Lower'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Trim'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TsOrDsToDateStr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.ToBase64'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Upper'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Concat'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateToDateStr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.SessionUser'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeToTimeStr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Monthname'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentVersion'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.LastValue'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Abs'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Filter'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.ArrayConcatAgg'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.Limit'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.Window'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArraySlice'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.HavingMax'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.NthValue'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.SortArray'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayReverse'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.AnyValue'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.Order'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.FirstValue'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Min'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Coalesce'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Max'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayConcat'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Least'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Greatest'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayFirst'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayLast'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Anonymous'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateTrunc'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateAdd'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateSub'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Cast'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.TryCast'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.Map'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.VarMap'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.Array'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.ArrayAgg'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Bracket'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Case'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Count'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateDiff'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.datatypes.DataType'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Distinct'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.Explode'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Extract'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.HexString'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.GenerateSeries'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.GenerateDateArray'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.GenerateTimestampArray'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.If'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Lag'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Lead'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Literal'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Null'>: {'returns': <DType.NULL: 'NULL'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Nullif'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.Struct'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Sum'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Timestamp'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ToMap'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.Unnest'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.WithinGroup'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.Subquery'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.WidthBucket'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Left'>: {'returns': <DType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.RegexpReplace'>: {'returns': <DType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Overlay'>: {'returns': <DType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Right'>: {'returns': <DType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Encode'>: {'returns': <DType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Format'>: {'returns': <DType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Reverse'>: {'returns': <DType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Normalize'>: {'returns': <DType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Pad'>: {'returns': <DType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.SplitPart'>: {'returns': <DType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Hex'>: {'returns': <DType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Decode'>: {'returns': <DType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeFromParts'>: {'returns': <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Localtimestamp'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimestampFromParts'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.BitwiseXorAgg'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.BitwiseOrAgg'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.BitwiseAndAgg'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.ToNumber'>: {'returns': <DType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>}}
INDEX_OFFSET = 1

The base index offset for arrays.

ASCII_ONLY_NORMALIZATION = True

Whether identifiers are only normalized with respect to ASCII characters, e.g. Ä and ä are different identifiers in DuckDB, but the same identifier in Spark.

NORMALIZE_NOT_NULL = False
TYPED_DIVISION = True

Whether the behavior of a / b depends on the types of a and b. False means a / b is always float division. True means a / b is integer division if both a and b are integers.

CONCAT_COALESCE = True

A NULL arg in CONCAT yields NULL by default, but in some dialects it yields an empty string.

CONCAT_WS_COALESCE = True

A NULL arg in CONCAT_WS yields NULL by default, but in some dialects it is skipped.

NULL_ORDERING = 'nulls_are_large'

Default NULL ordering method to use if not explicitly set. Possible values: "nulls_are_small", "nulls_are_large", "nulls_are_last"

SUPPORTS_LIMIT_ALL = True

Whether LIMIT ALL is supported (equivalent to no limit) as in Postgres.

TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'"
TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True

Whether a size in the table sample clause represents percentage.

TABLES_REFERENCEABLE_AS_COLUMNS = True

Whether table names can be referenced as columns (treated as structs).

BigQuery allows tables to be referenced as columns in queries, automatically treating them as struct values containing all the table's columns.

For example, in BigQuery: SELECT t FROM my_table AS t -- Returns entire row as a struct

DEFAULT_FUNCTIONS_COLUMN_NAMES: dict[type[sqlglot.expressions.core.Func], str | tuple[str, ...]] = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ExplodingGenerateSeries'>: 'generate_series'}

Maps function expressions to their default output column name(s).

For example, in Postgres, generate_series function outputs a column named "generate_series" by default, so we map the ExplodingGenerateSeries expression to "generate_series" string.

TIME_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'d': '%u', 'D': '%u', 'dd': '%d', 'DD': '%d', 'ddd': '%j', 'DDD': '%j', 'FMDD': '%-d', 'FMDDD': '%-j', 'FMHH12': '%-I', 'FMHH24': '%-H', 'FMMI': '%-M', 'FMMM': '%-m', 'FMSS': '%-S', 'HH12': '%I', 'HH24': '%H', 'mi': '%M', 'MI': '%M', 'mm': '%m', 'MM': '%m', 'OF': '%z', 'ss': '%S', 'SS': '%S', 'TMDay': '%A', 'TMDy': '%a', 'TMMon': '%b', 'TMMonth': '%B', 'day': '%Aenlower', 'dy': '%aenlower', 'TZ': '%Z', 'US': '%f', 'ww': '%U', 'WW': '%U', 'yy': '%y', 'YY': '%y', 'yyy': '%Ythree', 'YYY': '%Ythree', 'yyyy': '%Y', 'YYYY': '%Y'}

Associates this dialect's time formats with their equivalent Python strftime formats.

SUPPORTS_COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS = False

Whether the old-style outer join (+) syntax is supported.

UNESCAPED_SEQUENCES: dict[str, str] = {'\\a': '\x07', '\\b': '\x08', '\\f': '\x0c', '\\n': '\n', '\\r': '\r', '\\t': '\t', '\\v': '\x0b', '\\\\': '\\'}

Mapping of an escaped sequence (\n) to its unescaped version ( ).

STRINGS_SUPPORT_ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: bool = False

Whether string literals support escape sequences (e.g. \n). Set by the metaclass based on the tokenizer's STRING_ESCAPES.

BYTE_STRINGS_SUPPORT_ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: bool = True

Whether byte string literals support escape sequences. Set by the metaclass based on the tokenizer's BYTE_STRING_ESCAPES.

INITCAP_SUPPORTS_CUSTOM_DELIMITERS = False
tokenizer_class = <class 'Postgres.Tokenizer'>
jsonpath_tokenizer_class = <class 'sqlglot.dialects.dialect.JSONPathTokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'sqlglot.parsers.postgres.PostgresParser'>
generator_class = <class 'sqlglot.generators.postgres.PostgresGenerator'>
TIME_TRIE: dict = {'d': {0: True, 'd': {0: True, 'd': {0: True}}, 'a': {'y': {0: True}}, 'y': {0: True}}, 'D': {0: True, 'D': {0: True, 'D': {0: True}}}, 'F': {'M': {'D': {'D': {0: True, 'D': {0: True}}}, 'H': {'H': {'1': {'2': {0: True}}, '2': {'4': {0: True}}}}, 'M': {'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}}}, 'H': {'H': {'1': {'2': {0: True}}, '2': {'4': {0: True}}}}, 'm': {'i': {0: True}, 'm': {0: True}}, 'M': {'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}}, 'O': {'F': {0: True}}, 's': {'s': {0: True}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}, 'T': {'M': {'D': {'a': {'y': {0: True}}, 'y': {0: True}}, 'M': {'o': {'n': {0: True, 't': {'h': {0: True}}}}}}, 'Z': {0: True}}, 'U': {'S': {0: True}}, 'w': {'w': {0: True}}, 'W': {'W': {0: True}}, 'y': {'y': {0: True, 'y': {0: True, 'y': {0: True}}}}, 'Y': {'Y': {0: True, 'Y': {0: True, 'Y': {0: True}}}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: dict = {'d': {0: True, 'd': {0: True, 'd': {0: True}}, 'a': {'y': {0: True}}, 'y': {0: True}}, 'D': {0: True, 'D': {0: True, 'D': {0: True}}}, 'F': {'M': {'D': {'D': {0: True, 'D': {0: True}}}, 'H': {'H': {'1': {'2': {0: True}}, '2': {'4': {0: True}}}}, 'M': {'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}}}, 'H': {'H': {'1': {'2': {0: True}}, '2': {'4': {0: True}}}}, 'm': {'i': {0: True}, 'm': {0: True}}, 'M': {'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}}, 'O': {'F': {0: True}}, 's': {'s': {0: True}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}, 'T': {'M': {'D': {'a': {'y': {0: True}}, 'y': {0: True}}, 'M': {'o': {'n': {0: True, 't': {'h': {0: True}}}}}}, 'Z': {0: True}}, 'U': {'S': {0: True}}, 'w': {'w': {0: True}}, 'W': {'W': {0: True}}, 'y': {'y': {0: True, 'y': {0: True, 'y': {0: True}}}}, 'Y': {'Y': {0: True, 'Y': {0: True, 'Y': {0: True}}}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'%u': 'D', '%d': 'DD', '%j': 'DDD', '%-d': 'FMDD', '%-j': 'FMDDD', '%-I': 'FMHH12', '%-H': 'FMHH24', '%-M': 'FMMI', '%-m': 'FMMM', '%-S': 'FMSS', '%I': 'HH12', '%H': 'HH24', '%M': 'MI', '%m': 'MM', '%z': 'OF', '%S': 'SS', '%A': 'TMDay', '%a': 'TMDy', '%b': 'TMMon', '%B': 'TMMonth', '%Aenlower': 'day', '%aenlower': 'dy', '%Z': 'TZ', '%f': 'US', '%U': 'WW', '%y': 'YY', '%Ythree': 'YYY', '%Y': 'YYYY', '%mstrict': 'MM', '%dstrict': 'DD', '%Hstrict': 'HH24', '%Istrict': 'HH12', '%Mstrict': 'MI', '%Sstrict': 'SS'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: dict = {'%': {'u': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'j': {0: True}, '-': {'d': {0: True}, 'j': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'm': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True}}, 'I': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'H': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'M': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'm': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'z': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'A': {0: True, 'e': {'n': {'l': {'o': {'w': {'e': {'r': {0: True}}}}}}}}, 'a': {0: True, 'e': {'n': {'l': {'o': {'w': {'e': {'r': {0: True}}}}}}}}, 'b': {0: True}, 'B': {0: True}, 'Z': {0: True}, 'f': {0: True}, 'U': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}, 'Y': {'t': {'h': {'r': {'e': {'e': {0: True}}}}}, 0: True}}}
INVERSE_FORMAT_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'%mstrict': '%m', '%dstrict': '%d', '%Hstrict': '%H', '%Istrict': '%I', '%Mstrict': '%M', '%Sstrict': '%S'}
INVERSE_FORMAT_TRIE: dict = {'%': {'m': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'd': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'H': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'I': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'M': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'S': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}}}
INVERSE_CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {}
ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: dict[str, str] = {'\x07': '\\a', '\x08': '\\b', '\x0c': '\\f', '\n': '\\n', '\r': '\\r', '\t': '\\t', '\x0b': '\\v', '\\': '\\\\'}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '"'
IDENTIFIER_END = '"'
VALID_INTERVAL_UNITS: set[str] = {'MICROSECS', 'MINUTES', 'YEAR', 'WY', 'DAYOFMONTH', 'DOW', 'MONTH', 'MICROSECOND', 'TIMEZONE_MINUTE', 'EPOCH_MICROSECONDS', 'MINUTE', 'DAYOFWEEK_ISO', 'TZH', 'Y', 'DW', 'WEEK', 'MM', 'DAYOFWEEK', 'QUARTER', 'MSEC', 'NSEC', 'M', 'USECS', 'NANOSECS', 'WEEKDAY', 'DW_ISO', 'MONTHS', 'D', 'MINS', 'DY', 'DAYOFYEAR', 'WK', 'HH', 'MS', 'TIMEZONE_HOUR', 'MIL', 'S', 'YYYY', 'DECADES', 'MON', 'NANOSECOND', 'WEEKOFYEAR', 'HOUR', 'TZM', 'MILLENNIUM', 'SECONDS', 'DOW_ISO', 'DAY OF WEEK', 'USECOND', 'H', 'MILLISECON', 'QTRS', 'MILLISECS', 'DOY', 'SECOND', 'EPOCH_MILLISECOND', 'HRS', 'DEC', 'EPOCH_SECONDS', 'YYY', 'YY', 'YRS', 'MSECONDS', 'SEC', 'USEC', 'MILLISECOND', 'HOURS', 'DAY OF YEAR', 'MILLISEC', 'C', 'MSECOND', 'WEEKDAY_ISO', 'EPOCH_NANOSECOND', 'NANOSEC', 'SECS', 'CENTURY', 'MILS', 'US', 'WEEKOFYEAR_ISO', 'WEEKOFYEARISO', 'QUARTERS', 'YR', 'EPOCH', 'EPOCH_MILLISECONDS', 'MONS', 'MILLISECONDS', 'MICROSECONDS', 'MI', 'WEEK_ISO', 'MIN', 'MILLENIA', 'WOY', 'CENTS', 'EPOCH_MICROSECOND', 'DAYS', 'MSECS', 'CENT', 'W', 'MICROSEC', 'HR', 'NS', 'DD', 'EPOCH_NANOSECONDS', 'DECADE', 'NSECONDS', 'DAY', 'DECS', 'DAYOFWEEKISO', 'USECONDS', 'YEARS', 'NSECOND', 'CENTURIES', 'WEEKISO', 'QTR', 'Q', 'EPOCH_SECOND'}
BIT_START: str | None = "b'"
BIT_END: str | None = "'"
HEX_START: str | None = "x'"
HEX_END: str | None = "'"
BYTE_START: str | None = "e'"
BYTE_END: str | None = "'"
UNICODE_START: str | None = "U&'"
UNICODE_END: str | None = "'"
class Postgres.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer):
 73    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
 74        BIT_STRINGS = [("b'", "'"), ("B'", "'")]
 75        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
 76        BYTE_STRINGS = [("e'", "'"), ("E'", "'")]
 77        UNICODE_STRINGS = [("U&'", "'"), ("u&'", "'")]
 78        BYTE_STRING_ESCAPES = ["'", "\\"]
 79        HEREDOC_STRINGS = ["$"]
 80
 81        HEREDOC_TAG_IS_IDENTIFIER = True
 82        HEREDOC_STRING_ALTERNATIVE = TokenType.PARAMETER
 83
 84        COMMANDS = {*tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS, TokenType.LOCK}
 85
 86        KEYWORDS = {
 87            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
 88            "~": TokenType.RLIKE,
 89            "@@": TokenType.DAT,
 90            "@?": TokenType.AT_QMARK,
 91            "@>": TokenType.AT_GT,
 92            "<@": TokenType.LT_AT,
 93            "?&": TokenType.QMARK_AMP,
 94            "?|": TokenType.QMARK_PIPE,
 95            "#-": TokenType.HASH_DASH,
 96            "|/": TokenType.PIPE_SLASH,
 97            "||/": TokenType.DPIPE_SLASH,
 98            "BEGIN": TokenType.BEGIN,
 99            "BIGSERIAL": TokenType.BIGSERIAL,
100            "CSTRING": TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE,
101            "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
102            "DO": TokenType.COMMAND,
103            "EXEC": TokenType.COMMAND,
104            "HSTORE": TokenType.HSTORE,
105            "INT8": TokenType.BIGINT,
106            "MONEY": TokenType.MONEY,
107            "NAME": TokenType.NAME,
108            "OID": TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER,
109            "ONLY": TokenType.ONLY,
110            "POINT": TokenType.POINT,
111            "REFRESH": TokenType.COMMAND,
112            "REINDEX": TokenType.COMMAND,
113            "RESET": TokenType.COMMAND,
114            "SERIAL": TokenType.SERIAL,
115            "SMALLSERIAL": TokenType.SMALLSERIAL,
116            "TEMP": TokenType.TEMPORARY,
117            "TYPE": TokenType.TYPE,
118            "REGCLASS": TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER,
119            "REGCOLLATION": TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER,
120            "REGCONFIG": TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER,
121            "REGDICTIONARY": TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER,
122            "REGNAMESPACE": TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER,
123            "REGOPER": TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER,
124            "REGOPERATOR": TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER,
125            "REGPROC": TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER,
126            "REGPROCEDURE": TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER,
127            "REGROLE": TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER,
128            "REGTYPE": TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER,
129            "FLOAT": TokenType.DOUBLE,
130            "XML": TokenType.XML,
131            "VARIADIC": TokenType.VARIADIC,
132            "INOUT": TokenType.INOUT,
133        }
134        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
135        KEYWORDS.pop("DIV")
136
137        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
138            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
139            "$": TokenType.HEREDOC_STRING,
140        }
141
142        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}
BIT_STRINGS = [("b'", "'"), ("B'", "'")]
HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
BYTE_STRINGS = [("e'", "'"), ("E'", "'")]
UNICODE_STRINGS = [("U&'", "'"), ("u&'", "'")]
BYTE_STRING_ESCAPES = ["'", '\\']
HEREDOC_STRINGS = ['$']
HEREDOC_TAG_IS_IDENTIFIER = True
HEREDOC_STRING_ALTERNATIVE = <TokenType.PARAMETER: 58>
COMMANDS = {<TokenType.FETCH: 273>, <TokenType.LOCK: 322>, <TokenType.RENAME: 374>, <TokenType.SHOW: 394>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 270>}
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '&<': <TokenType.AMP_LT: 63>, '&>': <TokenType.AMP_GT: 64>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 28>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 14>, '?::': <TokenType.QDCOLON: 370>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 37>, '|>': <TokenType.PIPE_GT: 38>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 26>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 24>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 29>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 29>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 31>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 30>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 45>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 46>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 47>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 49>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 50>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 51>, '<<->>': <TokenType.LLRR_ARROW: 52>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 62>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 18>, '~~~': <TokenType.GLOB: 287>, '~~': <TokenType.LIKE: 318>, '~~*': <TokenType.ILIKE: 295>, '~*': <TokenType.IRLIKE: 307>, '-|-': <TokenType.ADJACENT: 65>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 220>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 34>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 221>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 222>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 225>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 218>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 226>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 228>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 228>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.BEGIN: 229>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 230>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 232>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 414>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 233>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 235>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 236>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 81>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 239>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 240>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 241>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COPY: 242>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 243>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 244>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 245>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 246>, 'CURRENT_SCHEMA': <TokenType.CURRENT_SCHEMA: 248>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 249>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 250>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 251>, 'CURRENT_CATALOG': <TokenType.CURRENT_CATALOG: 254>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 80>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 256>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 257>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 258>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 259>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 262>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 263>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 265>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 266>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 267>, 'ENUM': <TokenType.ENUM: 205>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 268>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 269>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 270>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 271>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 272>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 273>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 276>, 'FILE': <TokenType.FILE: 274>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 278>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 284>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 285>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 279>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 281>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 282>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 283>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 172>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 175>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 287>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 290>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 291>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 292>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 295>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 296>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 297>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 200>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 299>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 300>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 304>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 303>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 305>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 308>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 309>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 310>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 312>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 314>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 316>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 317>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 318>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 319>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 321>, 'LOCALTIME': <TokenType.LOCALTIME: 179>, 'LOCALTIMESTAMP': <TokenType.LOCALTIMESTAMP: 180>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 322>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 328>, 'NAMESPACE': <TokenType.NAMESPACE: 440>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 331>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 332>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 27>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 334>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 335>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 199>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 337>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 338>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 35>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 66>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 341>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 344>, 'OUT': <TokenType.OUT: 345>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 347>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 348>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 349>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 350>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 352>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 353>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 353>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 353>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 354>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 355>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 360>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 362>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 363>, 'OPERATOR': <TokenType.OPERATOR: 340>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 368>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 371>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 372>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 380>, 'RENAME': <TokenType.RENAME: 374>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 375>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 376>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 378>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 379>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 380>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 382>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 383>, 'ROW': <TokenType.ROW: 384>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 385>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 83>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 387>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 388>, 'SESSION': <TokenType.SESSION: 59>, 'SESSION_USER': <TokenType.SESSION_USER: 61>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 392>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 393>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 394>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 395>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 396>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 397>, 'SQL SECURITY': <TokenType.SQL_SECURITY: 399>, 'STRAIGHT_JOIN': <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 402>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 84>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 405>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 407>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 407>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 409>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 410>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 411>, 'TRIGGER': <TokenType.TRIGGER: 412>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 416>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 214>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 417>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 418>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 419>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 420>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 421>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 171>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 422>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 424>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 426>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 428>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 429>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 430>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 431>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 223>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 224>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 97>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 98>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 98>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 103>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 110>, 'UHUGEINT': <TokenType.UINT128: 111>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 110>, 'INT256': <TokenType.INT256: 112>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'INT8': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'UINT': <TokenType.UINT: 106>, 'UINT128': <TokenType.UINT128: 111>, 'UINT256': <TokenType.UINT256: 113>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'DECIMAL32': <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 118>, 'DECIMAL64': <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 119>, 'DECIMAL128': <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 120>, 'DECIMAL256': <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 121>, 'DECFLOAT': <TokenType.DECFLOAT: 122>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 124>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 124>, 'BIGNUM': <TokenType.BIGNUM: 109>, 'LIST': <TokenType.LIST: 320>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 323>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 174>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 114>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 115>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 114>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 115>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 115>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 115>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 141>, 'JSONB': <TokenType.JSONB: 142>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 125>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 125>, 'CHAR VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'CHARACTER VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 126>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 128>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 128>, 'BPCHAR': <TokenType.BPCHAR: 129>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 132>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 131>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 137>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 139>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 140>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 135>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 134>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 136>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 140>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 140>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 143>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 144>, 'TIME_NS': <TokenType.TIME_NS: 145>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 146>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 147>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 148>, 'TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 148>, 'TIMESTAMPNTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 149>, 'TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 149>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 157>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 153>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 159>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 160>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 161>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 162>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 163>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 164>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 165>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 166>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 167>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 168>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 169>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 170>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 432>, 'VECTOR': <TokenType.VECTOR: 215>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 403>, 'SEQUENCE': <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 390>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 198>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 219>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.ANALYZE: 439>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 238>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.GRANT: 289>, 'REVOKE': <TokenType.REVOKE: 377>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 193>, '~': <TokenType.RLIKE: 380>, '@@': <TokenType.DAT: 53>, '@?': <TokenType.AT_QMARK: 54>, '@>': <TokenType.AT_GT: 56>, '<@': <TokenType.LT_AT: 55>, '?&': <TokenType.QMARK_AMP: 68>, '?|': <TokenType.QMARK_PIPE: 69>, '#-': <TokenType.HASH_DASH: 70>, '|/': <TokenType.PIPE_SLASH: 40>, '||/': <TokenType.DPIPE_SLASH: 41>, 'BIGSERIAL': <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 190>, 'CSTRING': <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 366>, 'DECLARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'DO': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'EXEC': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'HSTORE': <TokenType.HSTORE: 186>, 'MONEY': <TokenType.MONEY: 194>, 'NAME': <TokenType.NAME: 138>, 'OID': <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 336>, 'ONLY': <TokenType.ONLY: 339>, 'POINT': <TokenType.POINT: 176>, 'REFRESH': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'REINDEX': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'RESET': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'SERIAL': <TokenType.SERIAL: 188>, 'SMALLSERIAL': <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 189>, 'TYPE': <TokenType.TYPE: 413>, 'REGCLASS': <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 336>, 'REGCOLLATION': <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 336>, 'REGCONFIG': <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 336>, 'REGDICTIONARY': <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 336>, 'REGNAMESPACE': <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 336>, 'REGOPER': <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 336>, 'REGOPERATOR': <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 336>, 'REGPROC': <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 336>, 'REGPROCEDURE': <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 336>, 'REGROLE': <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 336>, 'REGTYPE': <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 336>, 'XML': <TokenType.XML: 191>, 'VARIADIC': <TokenType.VARIADIC: 423>, 'INOUT': <TokenType.INOUT: 346>}
SINGLE_TOKENS = {'(': <TokenType.L_PAREN: 1>, ')': <TokenType.R_PAREN: 2>, '[': <TokenType.L_BRACKET: 3>, ']': <TokenType.R_BRACKET: 4>, '{': <TokenType.L_BRACE: 5>, '}': <TokenType.R_BRACE: 6>, '&': <TokenType.AMP: 36>, '^': <TokenType.CARET: 42>, ':': <TokenType.COLON: 11>, ',': <TokenType.COMMA: 7>, '.': <TokenType.DOT: 8>, '-': <TokenType.DASH: 9>, '=': <TokenType.EQ: 28>, '>': <TokenType.GT: 25>, '<': <TokenType.LT: 23>, '%': <TokenType.MOD: 329>, '!': <TokenType.NOT: 27>, '|': <TokenType.PIPE: 39>, '+': <TokenType.PLUS: 10>, ';': <TokenType.SEMICOLON: 19>, '/': <TokenType.SLASH: 22>, '\\': <TokenType.BACKSLASH: 21>, '*': <TokenType.STAR: 20>, '~': <TokenType.TILDE: 44>, '?': <TokenType.PLACEHOLDER: 356>, '@': <TokenType.PARAMETER: 58>, '#': <TokenType.HASH: 48>, "'": <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 214>, '`': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 214>, '"': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 214>, '$': <TokenType.HEREDOC_STRING: 95>}
VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {'$'}
class Presto(sqlglot.dialects.Dialect):
18class Presto(Dialect):
19    INDEX_OFFSET = 1
20    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_last"
21    TIME_FORMAT = MySQL.TIME_FORMAT
22    STRICT_STRING_CONCAT = True
23    TYPED_DIVISION = True
24    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
25    LOG_BASE_FIRST: bool | None = None
26    SUPPORTS_LIMIT_ALL = True
27    SUPPORTS_VALUES_DEFAULT = False
28    LEAST_GREATEST_IGNORES_NULLS = False
29    UUID_IS_STRING_TYPE = False
30
31    TIME_MAPPING = MySQL.TIME_MAPPING
32
33    # https://github.com/trinodb/trino/issues/17
34    # https://github.com/trinodb/trino/issues/12289
35    # https://github.com/prestodb/presto/issues/2863
36    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE
37
38    EXPRESSION_METADATA = EXPRESSION_METADATA.copy()
39
40    SUPPORTED_SETTINGS = {
41        *Dialect.SUPPORTED_SETTINGS,
42        "variant_extract_is_json_extract",
43    }
44
45    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
46        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
47        UNICODE_STRINGS = [
48            (prefix + q, q)
49            for q in t.cast(list[str], tokens.Tokenizer.QUOTES)
50            for prefix in ("U&", "u&")
51        ]
52
53        NESTED_COMMENTS = False
54
55        KEYWORDS = {
56            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
57            "DEALLOCATE PREPARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
58            "DESCRIBE INPUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
59            "DESCRIBE OUTPUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
60            "RESET SESSION": TokenType.COMMAND,
61            "START": TokenType.BEGIN,
62            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
63            "ROW": TokenType.STRUCT,
64            "IPADDRESS": TokenType.IPADDRESS,
65            "IPPREFIX": TokenType.IPPREFIX,
66            "TDIGEST": TokenType.TDIGEST,
67            "HYPERLOGLOG": TokenType.HLLSKETCH,
68        }
69        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
70        KEYWORDS.pop("QUALIFY")
71
72    Parser = PrestoParser
73
74    Generator = PrestoGenerator
INDEX_OFFSET = 1

The base index offset for arrays.

NULL_ORDERING = 'nulls_are_last'

Default NULL ordering method to use if not explicitly set. Possible values: "nulls_are_small", "nulls_are_large", "nulls_are_last"

TIME_FORMAT = "'%Y-%m-%d %T'"
STRICT_STRING_CONCAT = True

Whether CONCAT's arguments must be strings.

TYPED_DIVISION = True

Whether the behavior of a / b depends on the types of a and b. False means a / b is always float division. True means a / b is integer division if both a and b are integers.

TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True

Whether a size in the table sample clause represents percentage.

LOG_BASE_FIRST: bool | None = None

Whether the base comes first in the LOG function. Possible values: True, False, None (two arguments are not supported by LOG)

SUPPORTS_LIMIT_ALL = True

Whether LIMIT ALL is supported (equivalent to no limit) as in Postgres.

SUPPORTS_VALUES_DEFAULT = False

Whether the DEFAULT keyword is supported in the VALUES clause.

LEAST_GREATEST_IGNORES_NULLS = False

Whether LEAST/GREATEST functions ignore NULL values, e.g:

  • BigQuery, Snowflake, MySQL, Presto/Trino: LEAST(1, NULL, 2) -> NULL
  • Spark, Postgres, DuckDB, TSQL: LEAST(1, NULL, 2) -> 1
UUID_IS_STRING_TYPE = False

Whether a UUID is considered a string or a UUID type.

TIME_MAPPING = {'%M': '%B', '%c': '%-m', '%e': '%-d', '%h': '%I', '%i': '%M', '%s': '%S', '%u': '%W', '%k': '%-H', '%l': '%-I', '%r': '%I:%M:%S %p', '%T': '%H:%M:%S', '%W': '%A', '%x': '%G'}

Associates this dialect's time formats with their equivalent Python strftime formats.

NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = <NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE: 'CASE_INSENSITIVE'>

Specifies the strategy according to which identifiers should be normalized.

EXPRESSION_METADATA = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Add'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Adjacent'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.And'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayContainedBy'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayContains'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayContainsAll'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayOverlaps'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayPosition'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Binary'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseAnd'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseLeftShift'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseOr'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseRightShift'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseXor'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Collate'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Connector'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Corr'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.DPipe'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Distance'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.DistanceNd'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Div'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Dot'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.EQ'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Escape'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.ExtendsLeft'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.ExtendsRight'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.GT'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.GTE'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Glob'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.ILike'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.IntDiv'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Is'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONArrayContains'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBContains'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBContainsAllTopKeys'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBContainsAnyTopKeys'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBContainsTopKey'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBDeleteAtPath'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBExtract'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBExtractScalar'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBPathExists'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONExtract'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONExtractScalar'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Kwarg'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.LT'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.LTE'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Like'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Match'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Mod'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Mul'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.NEQ'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.NestedJSONSelect'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.NullSafeEQ'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.NullSafeNEQ'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Operator'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Or'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Overlaps'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Pow'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.PropertyEQ'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.RegexpFullMatch'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.RegexpILike'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.RegexpLike'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.SimilarTo'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Sub'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Xor'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Alias'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseNot'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.IgnoreNulls'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Neg'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Not'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Paren'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.PivotAlias'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.RespectNulls'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Unary'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.DenseRank'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.RowNumber'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixSeconds'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArraySize'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixMillis'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Int64'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixMicros'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.ApproxDistinct'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.CountIf'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Rank'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Ntile'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.FromBase64'>: {'returns': <DType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.FromBase32'>: {'returns': <DType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.IsNan'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.IsInf'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Any'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.EndsWith'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.StartsWith'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Between'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.All'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Boolean'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.LogicalOr'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Contains'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.LogicalAnd'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Exists'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.In'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.CurrentDate'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeStrToDate'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DiToDate'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TsOrDsToDate'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.LastDay'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.StrToDate'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateFromParts'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateStrToDate'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Date'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Datetime'>: {'returns': <DType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DatetimeAdd'>: {'returns': <DType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DatetimeSub'>: {'returns': <DType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.CurrentDatetime'>: {'returns': <DType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Asinh'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Radians'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Sqrt'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.ToDouble'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Cosh'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Round'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Kurtosis'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Asin'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Pi'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.StddevPop'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Quantile'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Ln'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Acos'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Skewness'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.CumeDist'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.VariancePop'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.CovarPop'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Tan'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Atan'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Sin'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Avg'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Rand'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.SafeDivide'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Degrees'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Variance'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Cot'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.StddevSamp'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Exp'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Cos'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.ApproxQuantile'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Log'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Acosh'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Cbrt'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Stddev'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.PercentRank'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.CovarSamp'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.PercentileCont'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Tanh'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Atanh'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Sinh'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DayOfWeek'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Floor'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Levenshtein'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Ceil'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateToDi'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Unicode'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Quarter'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.BitLength'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Hour'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.StrPosition'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DayOfMonth'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DatetimeDiff'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Getbit'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Sign'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixDate'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Ascii'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DayOfYear'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Length'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TsOrDiToDi'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeDiff'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimestampDiff'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.datatypes.Interval'>: {'returns': <DType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.MakeInterval'>: {'returns': <DType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.JustifyInterval'>: {'returns': <DType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.JustifyHours'>: {'returns': <DType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.JustifyDays'>: {'returns': <DType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.ParseJSON'>: {'returns': <DType.JSON: 'JSON'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeAdd'>: {'returns': <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Time'>: {'returns': <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeSub'>: {'returns': <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Localtime'>: {'returns': <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.CurrentTime'>: {'returns': <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimestampLtzFromParts'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.CurrentTimestampLTZ'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimestampTzFromParts'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeStrToTime'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixToTime'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.StrToTime'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimestampSub'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.CurrentTimestamp'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimestampAdd'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Month'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.YearOfWeek'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Year'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DayOfWeekIso'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.WeekOfYear'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Week'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Day'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.YearOfWeekIso'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayToString'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentCatalog'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentUser'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixToTimeStr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Repeat'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Dayname'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.GroupConcat'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentSchema'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Space'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentRole'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Initcap'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.RawString'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.ToBase32'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Typeof'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Chr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.ConcatWs'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeToStr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Translate'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.SHA2'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Substring'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.SHA'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixToStr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.String'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.MD5'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Lower'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Trim'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TsOrDsToDateStr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.ToBase64'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Upper'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Concat'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateToDateStr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.SessionUser'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeToTimeStr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Monthname'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentVersion'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.LastValue'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Abs'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Filter'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.ArrayConcatAgg'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.Limit'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.Window'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArraySlice'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.HavingMax'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.NthValue'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.SortArray'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayReverse'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.AnyValue'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.Order'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.FirstValue'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Min'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Coalesce'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Max'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayConcat'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Least'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Greatest'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayFirst'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayLast'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Anonymous'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateTrunc'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateAdd'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateSub'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Cast'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.TryCast'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.Map'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.VarMap'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.Array'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.ArrayAgg'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Bracket'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Case'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Count'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateDiff'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.datatypes.DataType'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Distinct'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.Explode'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Extract'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.HexString'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.GenerateSeries'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.GenerateDateArray'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.GenerateTimestampArray'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.If'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Lag'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Lead'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Literal'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Null'>: {'returns': <DType.NULL: 'NULL'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Nullif'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.Struct'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Sum'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Timestamp'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ToMap'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.Unnest'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.WithinGroup'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.Subquery'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.WidthBucket'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.MD5Digest'>: {'returns': <DType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>}}
SUPPORTED_SETTINGS = {'variant_extract_is_json_extract', 'version', 'normalization_strategy'}
SUPPORTS_COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS = False

Whether the old-style outer join (+) syntax is supported.

STRINGS_SUPPORT_ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: bool = False

Whether string literals support escape sequences (e.g. \n). Set by the metaclass based on the tokenizer's STRING_ESCAPES.

BYTE_STRINGS_SUPPORT_ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: bool = False

Whether byte string literals support escape sequences. Set by the metaclass based on the tokenizer's BYTE_STRING_ESCAPES.

INITCAP_SUPPORTS_CUSTOM_DELIMITERS = False
tokenizer_class = <class 'Presto.Tokenizer'>
jsonpath_tokenizer_class = <class 'sqlglot.dialects.dialect.JSONPathTokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'sqlglot.parsers.presto.PrestoParser'>
generator_class = <class 'sqlglot.generators.presto.PrestoGenerator'>
TIME_TRIE: dict = {'%': {'M': {0: True}, 'c': {0: True}, 'e': {0: True}, 'h': {0: True}, 'i': {0: True}, 's': {0: True}, 'u': {0: True}, 'k': {0: True}, 'l': {0: True}, 'r': {0: True}, 'T': {0: True}, 'W': {0: True}, 'x': {0: True}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: dict = {'%': {'M': {0: True}, 'c': {0: True}, 'e': {0: True}, 'h': {0: True}, 'i': {0: True}, 's': {0: True}, 'u': {0: True}, 'k': {0: True}, 'l': {0: True}, 'r': {0: True}, 'T': {0: True}, 'W': {0: True}, 'x': {0: True}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'%B': '%M', '%-m': '%c', '%-d': '%e', '%I': '%h', '%M': '%i', '%S': '%s', '%W': '%u', '%-H': '%k', '%-I': '%l', '%I:%M:%S %p': '%r', '%H:%M:%S': '%T', '%A': '%W', '%G': '%x', '%mstrict': '%m', '%dstrict': '%d', '%Hstrict': '%H', '%Istrict': '%h', '%Mstrict': '%i', '%Sstrict': '%s'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: dict = {'%': {'B': {0: True}, '-': {'m': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'I': {0: True, ':': {'%': {'M': {':': {'%': {'S': {' ': {'%': {'p': {0: True}}}}}}}}}, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'M': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'S': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'W': {0: True}, 'H': {':': {'%': {'M': {':': {'%': {'S': {0: True}}}}}}, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'A': {0: True}, 'G': {0: True}, 'm': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'd': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}}}
INVERSE_FORMAT_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'%mstrict': '%m', '%dstrict': '%d', '%Hstrict': '%H', '%Istrict': '%I', '%Mstrict': '%M', '%Sstrict': '%S'}
INVERSE_FORMAT_TRIE: dict = {'%': {'m': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'd': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'H': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'I': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'M': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'S': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}}}
INVERSE_CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {}
ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: dict[str, str] = {}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '"'
IDENTIFIER_END = '"'
VALID_INTERVAL_UNITS: set[str] = {'MICROSECS', 'MINUTES', 'YEAR', 'WY', 'DAYOFMONTH', 'DOW', 'MONTH', 'MICROSECOND', 'TIMEZONE_MINUTE', 'EPOCH_MICROSECONDS', 'MINUTE', 'DAYOFWEEK_ISO', 'TZH', 'Y', 'DW', 'WEEK', 'MM', 'DAYOFWEEK', 'QUARTER', 'MSEC', 'NSEC', 'M', 'USECS', 'NANOSECS', 'WEEKDAY', 'DW_ISO', 'MONTHS', 'D', 'MINS', 'DY', 'DAYOFYEAR', 'WK', 'HH', 'MS', 'TIMEZONE_HOUR', 'MIL', 'S', 'YYYY', 'DECADES', 'MON', 'NANOSECOND', 'WEEKOFYEAR', 'HOUR', 'TZM', 'MILLENNIUM', 'SECONDS', 'DOW_ISO', 'DAY OF WEEK', 'USECOND', 'H', 'MILLISECON', 'QTRS', 'MILLISECS', 'DOY', 'SECOND', 'EPOCH_MILLISECOND', 'HRS', 'DEC', 'EPOCH_SECONDS', 'YYY', 'YY', 'YRS', 'MSECONDS', 'SEC', 'USEC', 'MILLISECOND', 'HOURS', 'DAY OF YEAR', 'MILLISEC', 'C', 'MSECOND', 'WEEKDAY_ISO', 'EPOCH_NANOSECOND', 'NANOSEC', 'SECS', 'CENTURY', 'MILS', 'US', 'WEEKOFYEAR_ISO', 'WEEKOFYEARISO', 'QUARTERS', 'YR', 'EPOCH', 'EPOCH_MILLISECONDS', 'MONS', 'MILLISECONDS', 'MICROSECONDS', 'MI', 'WEEK_ISO', 'MIN', 'MILLENIA', 'WOY', 'CENTS', 'EPOCH_MICROSECOND', 'DAYS', 'MSECS', 'CENT', 'W', 'MICROSEC', 'HR', 'NS', 'DD', 'EPOCH_NANOSECONDS', 'DECADE', 'NSECONDS', 'DAY', 'DECS', 'DAYOFWEEKISO', 'USECONDS', 'YEARS', 'NSECOND', 'CENTURIES', 'WEEKISO', 'QTR', 'Q', 'EPOCH_SECOND'}
BIT_START: str | None = None
BIT_END: str | None = None
HEX_START: str | None = "x'"
HEX_END: str | None = "'"
BYTE_START: str | None = None
BYTE_END: str | None = None
UNICODE_START: str | None = "U&'"
UNICODE_END: str | None = "'"
class Presto.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer):
45    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
46        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
47        UNICODE_STRINGS = [
48            (prefix + q, q)
49            for q in t.cast(list[str], tokens.Tokenizer.QUOTES)
50            for prefix in ("U&", "u&")
51        ]
52
53        NESTED_COMMENTS = False
54
55        KEYWORDS = {
56            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
57            "DEALLOCATE PREPARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
58            "DESCRIBE INPUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
59            "DESCRIBE OUTPUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
60            "RESET SESSION": TokenType.COMMAND,
61            "START": TokenType.BEGIN,
62            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
63            "ROW": TokenType.STRUCT,
64            "IPADDRESS": TokenType.IPADDRESS,
65            "IPPREFIX": TokenType.IPPREFIX,
66            "TDIGEST": TokenType.TDIGEST,
67            "HYPERLOGLOG": TokenType.HLLSKETCH,
68        }
69        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
70        KEYWORDS.pop("QUALIFY")
HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
UNICODE_STRINGS = [("U&'", "'"), ("u&'", "'")]
NESTED_COMMENTS = False
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '&<': <TokenType.AMP_LT: 63>, '&>': <TokenType.AMP_GT: 64>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 28>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 14>, '?::': <TokenType.QDCOLON: 370>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 37>, '|>': <TokenType.PIPE_GT: 38>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 26>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 24>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 29>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 29>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 31>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 30>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 45>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 46>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 47>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 49>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 50>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 51>, '<<->>': <TokenType.LLRR_ARROW: 52>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 62>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 18>, '~~~': <TokenType.GLOB: 287>, '~~': <TokenType.LIKE: 318>, '~~*': <TokenType.ILIKE: 295>, '~*': <TokenType.IRLIKE: 307>, '-|-': <TokenType.ADJACENT: 65>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 220>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 34>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 221>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 222>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 225>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 218>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 226>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 228>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 228>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.BEGIN: 229>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 230>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 232>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 414>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 233>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 235>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 236>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 81>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 239>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 240>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 241>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COPY: 242>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 243>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 244>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 245>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 246>, 'CURRENT_SCHEMA': <TokenType.CURRENT_SCHEMA: 248>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 249>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 250>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 251>, 'CURRENT_CATALOG': <TokenType.CURRENT_CATALOG: 254>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 80>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 256>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 257>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 258>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 259>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 262>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 263>, 'DIV': <TokenType.DIV: 264>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 265>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 266>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 267>, 'ENUM': <TokenType.ENUM: 205>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 268>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 269>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 270>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 271>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 272>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 273>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 276>, 'FILE': <TokenType.FILE: 274>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 278>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 284>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 285>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 279>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 281>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 282>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 283>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 172>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 175>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 287>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 290>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 291>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 292>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 295>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 296>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 297>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 200>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 299>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 300>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 304>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 303>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 305>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 308>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 309>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 310>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 312>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 314>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 316>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 317>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 318>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 319>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 321>, 'LOCALTIME': <TokenType.LOCALTIME: 179>, 'LOCALTIMESTAMP': <TokenType.LOCALTIMESTAMP: 180>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 322>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 328>, 'NAMESPACE': <TokenType.NAMESPACE: 440>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 331>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 332>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 27>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 334>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 335>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 199>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 337>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 338>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 35>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 66>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 341>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 344>, 'OUT': <TokenType.OUT: 345>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 347>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 348>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 349>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 350>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 352>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 353>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 353>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 353>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 354>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 355>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 360>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 362>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 363>, 'OPERATOR': <TokenType.OPERATOR: 340>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 371>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 372>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 380>, 'RENAME': <TokenType.RENAME: 374>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 375>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 376>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 378>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 379>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 380>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 382>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 383>, 'ROW': <TokenType.STRUCT: 403>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 385>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 83>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 387>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 388>, 'SESSION': <TokenType.SESSION: 59>, 'SESSION_USER': <TokenType.SESSION_USER: 61>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 392>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 393>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 394>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 395>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 396>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 397>, 'SQL SECURITY': <TokenType.SQL_SECURITY: 399>, 'STRAIGHT_JOIN': <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 402>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 84>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 405>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 407>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 407>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 409>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 410>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 411>, 'TRIGGER': <TokenType.TRIGGER: 412>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 416>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 214>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 417>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 418>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 419>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 420>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 421>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 171>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 422>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 424>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 426>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 428>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 429>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 430>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 431>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 223>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 224>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 97>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 98>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 98>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 103>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 110>, 'UHUGEINT': <TokenType.UINT128: 111>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 110>, 'INT256': <TokenType.INT256: 112>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'INT8': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'UINT': <TokenType.UINT: 106>, 'UINT128': <TokenType.UINT128: 111>, 'UINT256': <TokenType.UINT256: 113>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'DECIMAL32': <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 118>, 'DECIMAL64': <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 119>, 'DECIMAL128': <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 120>, 'DECIMAL256': <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 121>, 'DECFLOAT': <TokenType.DECFLOAT: 122>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 124>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 124>, 'BIGNUM': <TokenType.BIGNUM: 109>, 'LIST': <TokenType.LIST: 320>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 323>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 174>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 114>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 114>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 114>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 115>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 115>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 115>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 141>, 'JSONB': <TokenType.JSONB: 142>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 125>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 125>, 'CHAR VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'CHARACTER VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 126>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 128>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 128>, 'BPCHAR': <TokenType.BPCHAR: 129>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 132>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 131>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 137>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 139>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 140>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 135>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 134>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 136>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 140>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 140>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 143>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 144>, 'TIME_NS': <TokenType.TIME_NS: 145>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 146>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 147>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 148>, 'TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 148>, 'TIMESTAMPNTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 149>, 'TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 149>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 157>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 153>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 159>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 160>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 161>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 162>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 163>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 164>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 165>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 166>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 167>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 168>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 169>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 170>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 432>, 'VECTOR': <TokenType.VECTOR: 215>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 403>, 'SEQUENCE': <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 390>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 198>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 219>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.ANALYZE: 439>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 238>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.GRANT: 289>, 'REVOKE': <TokenType.REVOKE: 377>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 193>, 'DEALLOCATE PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'DESCRIBE INPUT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'DESCRIBE OUTPUT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'RESET SESSION': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'START': <TokenType.BEGIN: 229>, 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE': <TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE: 326>, 'IPADDRESS': <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 201>, 'IPPREFIX': <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 202>, 'TDIGEST': <TokenType.TDIGEST: 213>, 'HYPERLOGLOG': <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 185>}
BYTE_STRING_ESCAPES: ClassVar[list[str]] = ["'"]
class PRQL(sqlglot.dialects.Dialect):
11class PRQL(Dialect):
12    DPIPE_IS_STRING_CONCAT = False
13
14    Generator = PRQLGenerator
15
16    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
17        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
18        QUOTES = ["'", '"']
19
20        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
21            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
22            "=": TokenType.ALIAS,
23            "'": TokenType.QUOTE,
24            '"': TokenType.QUOTE,
25            "`": TokenType.IDENTIFIER,
26            "#": TokenType.COMMENT,
27        }
28
29        KEYWORDS = {
30            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
31        }
32
33    Parser = PRQLParser
DPIPE_IS_STRING_CONCAT = False

Whether the DPIPE token (||) is a string concatenation operator.

Parser = <class 'sqlglot.parsers.prql.PRQLParser'>
SUPPORTS_COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS = False

Whether the old-style outer join (+) syntax is supported.

STRINGS_SUPPORT_ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: bool = False

Whether string literals support escape sequences (e.g. \n). Set by the metaclass based on the tokenizer's STRING_ESCAPES.

BYTE_STRINGS_SUPPORT_ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: bool = False

Whether byte string literals support escape sequences. Set by the metaclass based on the tokenizer's BYTE_STRING_ESCAPES.

INITCAP_SUPPORTS_CUSTOM_DELIMITERS = False
tokenizer_class = <class 'PRQL.Tokenizer'>
jsonpath_tokenizer_class = <class 'sqlglot.dialects.dialect.JSONPathTokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'sqlglot.parsers.prql.PRQLParser'>
generator_class = <class 'sqlglot.generators.prql.PRQLGenerator'>
TIME_TRIE: dict = {}
FORMAT_TRIE: dict = {}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'%mstrict': '%m', '%dstrict': '%d', '%Hstrict': '%H', '%Istrict': '%I', '%Mstrict': '%M', '%Sstrict': '%S'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: dict = {'%': {'m': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'd': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'H': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'I': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'M': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'S': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}}}
INVERSE_FORMAT_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'%mstrict': '%m', '%dstrict': '%d', '%Hstrict': '%H', '%Istrict': '%I', '%Mstrict': '%M', '%Sstrict': '%S'}
INVERSE_FORMAT_TRIE: dict = {'%': {'m': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'd': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'H': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'I': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'M': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'S': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}}}
INVERSE_CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {}
ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: dict[str, str] = {}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '`'
IDENTIFIER_END = '`'
VALID_INTERVAL_UNITS: set[str] = {'MICROSECS', 'MINUTES', 'YEAR', 'WY', 'DAYOFMONTH', 'DOW', 'MONTH', 'MICROSECOND', 'TIMEZONE_MINUTE', 'EPOCH_MICROSECONDS', 'MINUTE', 'DAYOFWEEK_ISO', 'TZH', 'Y', 'DW', 'WEEK', 'MM', 'DAYOFWEEK', 'QUARTER', 'MSEC', 'NSEC', 'M', 'USECS', 'NANOSECS', 'WEEKDAY', 'DW_ISO', 'MONTHS', 'D', 'MINS', 'DY', 'DAYOFYEAR', 'WK', 'HH', 'MS', 'TIMEZONE_HOUR', 'MIL', 'S', 'YYYY', 'DECADES', 'MON', 'NANOSECOND', 'WEEKOFYEAR', 'HOUR', 'TZM', 'MILLENNIUM', 'SECONDS', 'DOW_ISO', 'DAY OF WEEK', 'USECOND', 'H', 'MILLISECON', 'QTRS', 'MILLISECS', 'DOY', 'SECOND', 'EPOCH_MILLISECOND', 'HRS', 'DEC', 'EPOCH_SECONDS', 'YYY', 'YY', 'YRS', 'MSECONDS', 'SEC', 'USEC', 'MILLISECOND', 'HOURS', 'DAY OF YEAR', 'MILLISEC', 'C', 'MSECOND', 'WEEKDAY_ISO', 'EPOCH_NANOSECOND', 'NANOSEC', 'SECS', 'CENTURY', 'MILS', 'US', 'WEEKOFYEAR_ISO', 'WEEKOFYEARISO', 'QUARTERS', 'YR', 'EPOCH', 'EPOCH_MILLISECONDS', 'MONS', 'MILLISECONDS', 'MICROSECONDS', 'MI', 'WEEK_ISO', 'MIN', 'MILLENIA', 'WOY', 'CENTS', 'EPOCH_MICROSECOND', 'DAYS', 'MSECS', 'CENT', 'W', 'MICROSEC', 'HR', 'NS', 'DD', 'EPOCH_NANOSECONDS', 'DECADE', 'NSECONDS', 'DAY', 'DECS', 'DAYOFWEEKISO', 'USECONDS', 'YEARS', 'NSECOND', 'CENTURIES', 'WEEKISO', 'QTR', 'Q', 'EPOCH_SECOND'}
BIT_START: str | None = None
BIT_END: str | None = None
HEX_START: str | None = None
HEX_END: str | None = None
BYTE_START: str | None = None
BYTE_END: str | None = None
UNICODE_START: str | None = None
UNICODE_END: str | None = None
class PRQL.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer):
16    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
17        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
18        QUOTES = ["'", '"']
19
20        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
21            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
22            "=": TokenType.ALIAS,
23            "'": TokenType.QUOTE,
24            '"': TokenType.QUOTE,
25            "`": TokenType.IDENTIFIER,
26            "#": TokenType.COMMENT,
27        }
28
29        KEYWORDS = {
30            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
31        }
IDENTIFIERS = ['`']
QUOTES = ["'", '"']
SINGLE_TOKENS = {'(': <TokenType.L_PAREN: 1>, ')': <TokenType.R_PAREN: 2>, '[': <TokenType.L_BRACKET: 3>, ']': <TokenType.R_BRACKET: 4>, '{': <TokenType.L_BRACE: 5>, '}': <TokenType.R_BRACE: 6>, '&': <TokenType.AMP: 36>, '^': <TokenType.CARET: 42>, ':': <TokenType.COLON: 11>, ',': <TokenType.COMMA: 7>, '.': <TokenType.DOT: 8>, '-': <TokenType.DASH: 9>, '=': <TokenType.ALIAS: 218>, '>': <TokenType.GT: 25>, '<': <TokenType.LT: 23>, '%': <TokenType.MOD: 329>, '!': <TokenType.NOT: 27>, '|': <TokenType.PIPE: 39>, '+': <TokenType.PLUS: 10>, ';': <TokenType.SEMICOLON: 19>, '/': <TokenType.SLASH: 22>, '\\': <TokenType.BACKSLASH: 21>, '*': <TokenType.STAR: 20>, '~': <TokenType.TILDE: 44>, '?': <TokenType.PLACEHOLDER: 356>, '@': <TokenType.PARAMETER: 58>, '#': <TokenType.COMMENT: 238>, "'": <TokenType.QUOTE: 369>, '`': <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 79>, '"': <TokenType.QUOTE: 369>}
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '/*+': <TokenType.HINT: 293>, '&<': <TokenType.AMP_LT: 63>, '&>': <TokenType.AMP_GT: 64>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 28>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 14>, '?::': <TokenType.QDCOLON: 370>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 37>, '|>': <TokenType.PIPE_GT: 38>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 26>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 24>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 29>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 29>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 31>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 30>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 45>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 46>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 47>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 49>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 50>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 51>, '<<->>': <TokenType.LLRR_ARROW: 52>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 62>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 18>, '~~~': <TokenType.GLOB: 287>, '~~': <TokenType.LIKE: 318>, '~~*': <TokenType.ILIKE: 295>, '~*': <TokenType.IRLIKE: 307>, '-|-': <TokenType.ADJACENT: 65>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 220>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 34>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 221>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 222>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 225>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 218>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 226>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 228>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 228>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.BEGIN: 229>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 230>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 232>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 414>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 233>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 235>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 236>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 81>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 239>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 240>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 241>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COPY: 242>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 243>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 244>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 245>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 246>, 'CURRENT_SCHEMA': <TokenType.CURRENT_SCHEMA: 248>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 249>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 250>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 251>, 'CURRENT_CATALOG': <TokenType.CURRENT_CATALOG: 254>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 80>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 256>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 257>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 258>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 259>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 262>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 263>, 'DIV': <TokenType.DIV: 264>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 265>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 266>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 267>, 'ENUM': <TokenType.ENUM: 205>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 268>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 269>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 270>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 271>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 272>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 273>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 276>, 'FILE': <TokenType.FILE: 274>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 278>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 284>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 285>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 279>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 281>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 282>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 283>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 172>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 175>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 287>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 290>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 291>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 292>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 295>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 296>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 297>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 200>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 299>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 300>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 304>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 303>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 305>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 308>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 309>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 310>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 312>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 314>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 316>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 317>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 318>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 319>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 321>, 'LOCALTIME': <TokenType.LOCALTIME: 179>, 'LOCALTIMESTAMP': <TokenType.LOCALTIMESTAMP: 180>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 322>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 328>, 'NAMESPACE': <TokenType.NAMESPACE: 440>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 331>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 332>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 27>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 334>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 335>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 199>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 337>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 338>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 35>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 66>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 341>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 344>, 'OUT': <TokenType.OUT: 345>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 347>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 348>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 349>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 350>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 352>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 353>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 353>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 353>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 354>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 355>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 360>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 362>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 363>, 'OPERATOR': <TokenType.OPERATOR: 340>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 368>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 371>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 372>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 380>, 'RENAME': <TokenType.RENAME: 374>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 375>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 376>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 378>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 379>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 380>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 382>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 383>, 'ROW': <TokenType.ROW: 384>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 385>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 83>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 387>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 388>, 'SESSION': <TokenType.SESSION: 59>, 'SESSION_USER': <TokenType.SESSION_USER: 61>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 392>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 393>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 394>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 395>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 396>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 397>, 'SQL SECURITY': <TokenType.SQL_SECURITY: 399>, 'STRAIGHT_JOIN': <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 402>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 84>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 405>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 407>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 407>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 409>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 410>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 411>, 'TRIGGER': <TokenType.TRIGGER: 412>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 416>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 214>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 417>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 418>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 419>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 420>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 421>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 171>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 422>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 424>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 426>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 428>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 429>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 430>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 431>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 223>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 224>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 97>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 98>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 98>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 103>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 110>, 'UHUGEINT': <TokenType.UINT128: 111>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 110>, 'INT256': <TokenType.INT256: 112>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'INT8': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'UINT': <TokenType.UINT: 106>, 'UINT128': <TokenType.UINT128: 111>, 'UINT256': <TokenType.UINT256: 113>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'DECIMAL32': <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 118>, 'DECIMAL64': <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 119>, 'DECIMAL128': <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 120>, 'DECIMAL256': <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 121>, 'DECFLOAT': <TokenType.DECFLOAT: 122>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 124>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 124>, 'BIGNUM': <TokenType.BIGNUM: 109>, 'LIST': <TokenType.LIST: 320>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 323>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 174>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 114>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 114>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 114>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 115>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 115>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 115>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 141>, 'JSONB': <TokenType.JSONB: 142>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 125>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 125>, 'CHAR VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'CHARACTER VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 126>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 128>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 128>, 'BPCHAR': <TokenType.BPCHAR: 129>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 132>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 131>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 137>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 139>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 140>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 135>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 134>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 136>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 140>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 140>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 143>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 144>, 'TIME_NS': <TokenType.TIME_NS: 145>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 146>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 147>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 148>, 'TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 148>, 'TIMESTAMPNTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 149>, 'TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 149>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 157>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 153>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 159>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 160>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 161>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 162>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 163>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 164>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 165>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 166>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 167>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 168>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 169>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 170>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 432>, 'VECTOR': <TokenType.VECTOR: 215>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 403>, 'SEQUENCE': <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 390>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 198>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 219>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.ANALYZE: 439>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 238>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.GRANT: 289>, 'REVOKE': <TokenType.REVOKE: 377>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 193>}
BYTE_STRING_ESCAPES: ClassVar[list[str]] = ["'"]
class Redshift(sqlglot.dialects.Postgres):
12class Redshift(Postgres):
13    # https://docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift/latest/dg/r_names.html
14    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE
15
16    NORMALIZE_NOT_NULL = True
17
18    EXPRESSION_METADATA = EXPRESSION_METADATA.copy()
19    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
20    INDEX_OFFSET = 0
21    COPY_PARAMS_ARE_CSV = False
22    HEX_LOWERCASE = True
23    HAS_DISTINCT_ARRAY_CONSTRUCTORS = True
24    COALESCE_COMPARISON_NON_STANDARD = True
25    REGEXP_EXTRACT_POSITION_OVERFLOW_RETURNS_NULL = False
26    ARRAY_FUNCS_PROPAGATES_NULLS = True
27
28    # ref: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift/latest/dg/r_FORMAT_strings.html
29    TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'"
30
31    TIME_MAPPING = {
32        **Postgres.TIME_MAPPING,
33        "MON": "%b",
34        "MONTH": "%B",
35    }
36
37    Parser = RedshiftParser
38
39    class Tokenizer(Postgres.Tokenizer):
40        BIT_STRINGS = []
41        HEX_STRINGS = []
42        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
43
44        KEYWORDS = {
45            **Postgres.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
46            "(+)": TokenType.JOIN_MARKER,
47            "BINARY VARYING": TokenType.VARBINARY,
48            "CURRENT_USER_ID": TokenType.CURRENT_USER_ID,
49            "HLLSKETCH": TokenType.HLLSKETCH,
50            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
51            "SUPER": TokenType.SUPER,
52            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
53            "UNLOAD": TokenType.COMMAND,
54            "USER": TokenType.CURRENT_USER,
55            "VARBYTE": TokenType.VARBINARY,
56        }
57        KEYWORDS.pop("VALUES")
58
59        # Redshift allows # to appear as a table identifier prefix
60        SINGLE_TOKENS = Postgres.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS.copy()
61        SINGLE_TOKENS.pop("#")
62
63    Generator = RedshiftGenerator
NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = <NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE: 'CASE_INSENSITIVE'>

Specifies the strategy according to which identifiers should be normalized.

NORMALIZE_NOT_NULL = True
EXPRESSION_METADATA = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Add'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Adjacent'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.And'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayContainedBy'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayContains'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayContainsAll'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayOverlaps'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayPosition'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Binary'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseAnd'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseLeftShift'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseOr'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseRightShift'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseXor'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Collate'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Connector'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Corr'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.DPipe'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Distance'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.DistanceNd'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Div'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Dot'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.EQ'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Escape'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.ExtendsLeft'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.ExtendsRight'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.GT'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.GTE'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Glob'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.ILike'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.IntDiv'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Is'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONArrayContains'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBContains'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBContainsAllTopKeys'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBContainsAnyTopKeys'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBContainsTopKey'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBDeleteAtPath'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBExtract'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBExtractScalar'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBPathExists'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONExtract'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONExtractScalar'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Kwarg'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.LT'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.LTE'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Like'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Match'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Mod'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Mul'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.NEQ'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.NestedJSONSelect'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.NullSafeEQ'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.NullSafeNEQ'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Operator'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Or'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Overlaps'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Pow'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.PropertyEQ'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.RegexpFullMatch'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.RegexpILike'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.RegexpLike'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.SimilarTo'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Sub'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Xor'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Alias'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseNot'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.IgnoreNulls'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Neg'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Not'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Paren'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.PivotAlias'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.RespectNulls'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Unary'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.DenseRank'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.RowNumber'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixSeconds'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArraySize'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixMillis'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Int64'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixMicros'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.ApproxDistinct'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.CountIf'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Rank'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Ntile'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.FromBase64'>: {'returns': <DType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.FromBase32'>: {'returns': <DType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.IsNan'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.IsInf'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Any'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.EndsWith'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.StartsWith'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Between'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.All'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Boolean'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.LogicalOr'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Contains'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.LogicalAnd'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Exists'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.In'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.CurrentDate'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeStrToDate'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DiToDate'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TsOrDsToDate'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.LastDay'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.StrToDate'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateFromParts'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateStrToDate'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Date'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Datetime'>: {'returns': <DType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DatetimeAdd'>: {'returns': <DType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DatetimeSub'>: {'returns': <DType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.CurrentDatetime'>: {'returns': <DType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Asinh'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Radians'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Sqrt'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.ToDouble'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Cosh'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Round'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Kurtosis'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Asin'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Pi'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.StddevPop'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Quantile'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Ln'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Acos'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Skewness'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.CumeDist'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.VariancePop'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.CovarPop'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Tan'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Atan'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Sin'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Avg'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Rand'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.SafeDivide'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Degrees'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Variance'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Cot'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.StddevSamp'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Exp'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Cos'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.ApproxQuantile'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Log'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Acosh'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Cbrt'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Stddev'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.PercentRank'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.CovarSamp'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.PercentileCont'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Tanh'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Atanh'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Sinh'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DayOfWeek'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Floor'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Levenshtein'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Ceil'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateToDi'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Unicode'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Quarter'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.BitLength'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Hour'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.StrPosition'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DayOfMonth'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DatetimeDiff'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Getbit'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Sign'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixDate'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Ascii'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DayOfYear'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Length'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TsOrDiToDi'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeDiff'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimestampDiff'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.datatypes.Interval'>: {'returns': <DType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.MakeInterval'>: {'returns': <DType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.JustifyInterval'>: {'returns': <DType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.JustifyHours'>: {'returns': <DType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.JustifyDays'>: {'returns': <DType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.ParseJSON'>: {'returns': <DType.JSON: 'JSON'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeAdd'>: {'returns': <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Time'>: {'returns': <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeSub'>: {'returns': <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Localtime'>: {'returns': <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.CurrentTime'>: {'returns': <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimestampLtzFromParts'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.CurrentTimestampLTZ'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimestampTzFromParts'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeStrToTime'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixToTime'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.StrToTime'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimestampSub'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.CurrentTimestamp'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimestampAdd'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Month'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.YearOfWeek'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Year'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DayOfWeekIso'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.WeekOfYear'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Week'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Day'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.YearOfWeekIso'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayToString'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentCatalog'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentUser'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixToTimeStr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Repeat'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Dayname'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.GroupConcat'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentSchema'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Space'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentRole'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Initcap'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.RawString'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.ToBase32'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Typeof'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Chr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.ConcatWs'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeToStr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Translate'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.SHA2'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Substring'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.SHA'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixToStr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.String'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.MD5'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Lower'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Trim'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TsOrDsToDateStr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.ToBase64'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Upper'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Concat'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateToDateStr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.SessionUser'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeToTimeStr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Monthname'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentVersion'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.LastValue'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Abs'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Filter'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.ArrayConcatAgg'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.Limit'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.Window'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArraySlice'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.HavingMax'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.NthValue'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.SortArray'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayReverse'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.AnyValue'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.Order'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.FirstValue'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Min'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Coalesce'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Max'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayConcat'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Least'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Greatest'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayFirst'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayLast'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Anonymous'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateTrunc'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateAdd'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateSub'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Cast'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.TryCast'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.Map'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.VarMap'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.Array'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.ArrayAgg'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Bracket'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Case'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Count'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateDiff'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.datatypes.DataType'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Distinct'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.Explode'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Extract'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.HexString'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.GenerateSeries'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.GenerateDateArray'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.GenerateTimestampArray'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.If'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Lag'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Lead'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Literal'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Null'>: {'returns': <DType.NULL: 'NULL'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Nullif'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.Struct'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Sum'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Timestamp'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ToMap'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.Unnest'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.WithinGroup'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.Subquery'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.WidthBucket'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Left'>: {'returns': <DType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.RegexpReplace'>: {'returns': <DType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Overlay'>: {'returns': <DType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Right'>: {'returns': <DType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Encode'>: {'returns': <DType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Format'>: {'returns': <DType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Reverse'>: {'returns': <DType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Normalize'>: {'returns': <DType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Pad'>: {'returns': <DType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.SplitPart'>: {'returns': <DType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Hex'>: {'returns': <DType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Decode'>: {'returns': <DType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeFromParts'>: {'returns': <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Localtimestamp'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimestampFromParts'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.BitwiseXorAgg'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.BitwiseOrAgg'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.BitwiseAndAgg'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.ToNumber'>: {'returns': <DType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>}}
SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False

Whether user-defined data types are supported.

INDEX_OFFSET = 0

The base index offset for arrays.

COPY_PARAMS_ARE_CSV = False

Whether COPY statement parameters are separated by comma or whitespace

HEX_LOWERCASE = True

Whether the HEX function returns a lowercase hexadecimal string.

HAS_DISTINCT_ARRAY_CONSTRUCTORS = True

Whether the ARRAY constructor is context-sensitive, i.e in Redshift ARRAY[1, 2, 3] != ARRAY(1, 2, 3) as the former is of type INT[] vs the latter which is SUPER

COALESCE_COMPARISON_NON_STANDARD = True

Whether COALESCE in comparisons has non-standard NULL semantics.

We can't convert COALESCE(x, 1) = 2 into NOT x IS NULL AND x = 2 for redshift, because they are not always equivalent. For example, if x is NULL and it comes from a table, then the result is NULL, despite FALSE AND NULL evaluating to FALSE.

In standard SQL and most dialects, these expressions are equivalent, but Redshift treats table NULLs differently in this context.

REGEXP_EXTRACT_POSITION_OVERFLOW_RETURNS_NULL = False

Whether REGEXP_EXTRACT returns NULL when the position arg exceeds the string length.

ARRAY_FUNCS_PROPAGATES_NULLS = True

Whether Array update functions return NULL when the input array is NULL.

TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'"
TIME_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'d': '%u', 'D': '%u', 'dd': '%d', 'DD': '%d', 'ddd': '%j', 'DDD': '%j', 'FMDD': '%-d', 'FMDDD': '%-j', 'FMHH12': '%-I', 'FMHH24': '%-H', 'FMMI': '%-M', 'FMMM': '%-m', 'FMSS': '%-S', 'HH12': '%I', 'HH24': '%H', 'mi': '%M', 'MI': '%M', 'mm': '%m', 'MM': '%m', 'OF': '%z', 'ss': '%S', 'SS': '%S', 'TMDay': '%A', 'TMDy': '%a', 'TMMon': '%b', 'TMMonth': '%B', 'day': '%Aenlower', 'dy': '%aenlower', 'TZ': '%Z', 'US': '%f', 'ww': '%U', 'WW': '%U', 'yy': '%y', 'YY': '%y', 'yyy': '%Ythree', 'YYY': '%Ythree', 'yyyy': '%Y', 'YYYY': '%Y', 'MON': '%b', 'MONTH': '%B'}

Associates this dialect's time formats with their equivalent Python strftime formats.

SUPPORTS_COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS = True

Whether the old-style outer join (+) syntax is supported.

UNESCAPED_SEQUENCES: dict[str, str] = {'\\a': '\x07', '\\b': '\x08', '\\f': '\x0c', '\\n': '\n', '\\r': '\r', '\\t': '\t', '\\v': '\x0b', '\\\\': '\\'}

Mapping of an escaped sequence (\n) to its unescaped version ( ).

STRINGS_SUPPORT_ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: bool = True

Whether string literals support escape sequences (e.g. \n). Set by the metaclass based on the tokenizer's STRING_ESCAPES.

BYTE_STRINGS_SUPPORT_ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: bool = True

Whether byte string literals support escape sequences. Set by the metaclass based on the tokenizer's BYTE_STRING_ESCAPES.

INITCAP_SUPPORTS_CUSTOM_DELIMITERS = False
tokenizer_class = <class 'Redshift.Tokenizer'>
jsonpath_tokenizer_class = <class 'sqlglot.dialects.dialect.JSONPathTokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'sqlglot.parsers.redshift.RedshiftParser'>
generator_class = <class 'sqlglot.generators.redshift.RedshiftGenerator'>
TIME_TRIE: dict = {'d': {0: True, 'd': {0: True, 'd': {0: True}}, 'a': {'y': {0: True}}, 'y': {0: True}}, 'D': {0: True, 'D': {0: True, 'D': {0: True}}}, 'F': {'M': {'D': {'D': {0: True, 'D': {0: True}}}, 'H': {'H': {'1': {'2': {0: True}}, '2': {'4': {0: True}}}}, 'M': {'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}}}, 'H': {'H': {'1': {'2': {0: True}}, '2': {'4': {0: True}}}}, 'm': {'i': {0: True}, 'm': {0: True}}, 'M': {'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True, 'T': {'H': {0: True}}}}}, 'O': {'F': {0: True}}, 's': {'s': {0: True}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}, 'T': {'M': {'D': {'a': {'y': {0: True}}, 'y': {0: True}}, 'M': {'o': {'n': {0: True, 't': {'h': {0: True}}}}}}, 'Z': {0: True}}, 'U': {'S': {0: True}}, 'w': {'w': {0: True}}, 'W': {'W': {0: True}}, 'y': {'y': {0: True, 'y': {0: True, 'y': {0: True}}}}, 'Y': {'Y': {0: True, 'Y': {0: True, 'Y': {0: True}}}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: dict = {'d': {0: True, 'd': {0: True, 'd': {0: True}}, 'a': {'y': {0: True}}, 'y': {0: True}}, 'D': {0: True, 'D': {0: True, 'D': {0: True}}}, 'F': {'M': {'D': {'D': {0: True, 'D': {0: True}}}, 'H': {'H': {'1': {'2': {0: True}}, '2': {'4': {0: True}}}}, 'M': {'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}}}, 'H': {'H': {'1': {'2': {0: True}}, '2': {'4': {0: True}}}}, 'm': {'i': {0: True}, 'm': {0: True}}, 'M': {'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True, 'T': {'H': {0: True}}}}}, 'O': {'F': {0: True}}, 's': {'s': {0: True}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}, 'T': {'M': {'D': {'a': {'y': {0: True}}, 'y': {0: True}}, 'M': {'o': {'n': {0: True, 't': {'h': {0: True}}}}}}, 'Z': {0: True}}, 'U': {'S': {0: True}}, 'w': {'w': {0: True}}, 'W': {'W': {0: True}}, 'y': {'y': {0: True, 'y': {0: True, 'y': {0: True}}}}, 'Y': {'Y': {0: True, 'Y': {0: True, 'Y': {0: True}}}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'%u': 'D', '%d': 'DD', '%j': 'DDD', '%-d': 'FMDD', '%-j': 'FMDDD', '%-I': 'FMHH12', '%-H': 'FMHH24', '%-M': 'FMMI', '%-m': 'FMMM', '%-S': 'FMSS', '%I': 'HH12', '%H': 'HH24', '%M': 'MI', '%m': 'MM', '%z': 'OF', '%S': 'SS', '%A': 'TMDay', '%a': 'TMDy', '%b': 'MON', '%B': 'MONTH', '%Aenlower': 'day', '%aenlower': 'dy', '%Z': 'TZ', '%f': 'US', '%U': 'WW', '%y': 'YY', '%Ythree': 'YYY', '%Y': 'YYYY', '%mstrict': 'MM', '%dstrict': 'DD', '%Hstrict': 'HH24', '%Istrict': 'HH12', '%Mstrict': 'MI', '%Sstrict': 'SS'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: dict = {'%': {'u': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'j': {0: True}, '-': {'d': {0: True}, 'j': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'm': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True}}, 'I': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'H': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'M': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'm': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'z': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'A': {0: True, 'e': {'n': {'l': {'o': {'w': {'e': {'r': {0: True}}}}}}}}, 'a': {0: True, 'e': {'n': {'l': {'o': {'w': {'e': {'r': {0: True}}}}}}}}, 'b': {0: True}, 'B': {0: True}, 'Z': {0: True}, 'f': {0: True}, 'U': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}, 'Y': {'t': {'h': {'r': {'e': {'e': {0: True}}}}}, 0: True}}}
INVERSE_FORMAT_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'%mstrict': '%m', '%dstrict': '%d', '%Hstrict': '%H', '%Istrict': '%I', '%Mstrict': '%M', '%Sstrict': '%S'}
INVERSE_FORMAT_TRIE: dict = {'%': {'m': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'd': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'H': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'I': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'M': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'S': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}}}
INVERSE_CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {}
ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: dict[str, str] = {'\x07': '\\a', '\x08': '\\b', '\x0c': '\\f', '\n': '\\n', '\r': '\\r', '\t': '\\t', '\x0b': '\\v', '\\': '\\\\'}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '"'
IDENTIFIER_END = '"'
VALID_INTERVAL_UNITS: set[str] = {'MICROSECS', 'MINUTES', 'YEAR', 'WY', 'DAYOFMONTH', 'DOW', 'MONTH', 'MICROSECOND', 'TIMEZONE_MINUTE', 'EPOCH_MICROSECONDS', 'MINUTE', 'DAYOFWEEK_ISO', 'TZH', 'Y', 'DW', 'WEEK', 'MM', 'DAYOFWEEK', 'QUARTER', 'MSEC', 'NSEC', 'M', 'USECS', 'NANOSECS', 'WEEKDAY', 'DW_ISO', 'MONTHS', 'D', 'MINS', 'DY', 'DAYOFYEAR', 'WK', 'HH', 'MS', 'TIMEZONE_HOUR', 'MIL', 'S', 'YYYY', 'DECADES', 'MON', 'NANOSECOND', 'WEEKOFYEAR', 'HOUR', 'TZM', 'MILLENNIUM', 'SECONDS', 'DOW_ISO', 'DAY OF WEEK', 'USECOND', 'H', 'MILLISECON', 'QTRS', 'MILLISECS', 'DOY', 'SECOND', 'EPOCH_MILLISECOND', 'HRS', 'DEC', 'EPOCH_SECONDS', 'YYY', 'YY', 'YRS', 'MSECONDS', 'SEC', 'USEC', 'MILLISECOND', 'HOURS', 'DAY OF YEAR', 'MILLISEC', 'C', 'MSECOND', 'WEEKDAY_ISO', 'EPOCH_NANOSECOND', 'NANOSEC', 'SECS', 'CENTURY', 'MILS', 'US', 'WEEKOFYEAR_ISO', 'WEEKOFYEARISO', 'QUARTERS', 'YR', 'EPOCH', 'EPOCH_MILLISECONDS', 'MONS', 'MILLISECONDS', 'MICROSECONDS', 'MI', 'WEEK_ISO', 'MIN', 'MILLENIA', 'WOY', 'CENTS', 'EPOCH_MICROSECOND', 'DAYS', 'MSECS', 'CENT', 'W', 'MICROSEC', 'HR', 'NS', 'DD', 'EPOCH_NANOSECONDS', 'DECADE', 'NSECONDS', 'DAY', 'DECS', 'DAYOFWEEKISO', 'USECONDS', 'YEARS', 'NSECOND', 'CENTURIES', 'WEEKISO', 'QTR', 'Q', 'EPOCH_SECOND'}
BIT_START: str | None = None
BIT_END: str | None = None
HEX_START: str | None = None
HEX_END: str | None = None
BYTE_START: str | None = "e'"
BYTE_END: str | None = "'"
UNICODE_START: str | None = "U&'"
UNICODE_END: str | None = "'"
class Redshift.Tokenizer(sqlglot.dialects.Postgres.Tokenizer):
39    class Tokenizer(Postgres.Tokenizer):
40        BIT_STRINGS = []
41        HEX_STRINGS = []
42        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
43
44        KEYWORDS = {
45            **Postgres.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
46            "(+)": TokenType.JOIN_MARKER,
47            "BINARY VARYING": TokenType.VARBINARY,
48            "CURRENT_USER_ID": TokenType.CURRENT_USER_ID,
49            "HLLSKETCH": TokenType.HLLSKETCH,
50            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
51            "SUPER": TokenType.SUPER,
52            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
53            "UNLOAD": TokenType.COMMAND,
54            "USER": TokenType.CURRENT_USER,
55            "VARBYTE": TokenType.VARBINARY,
56        }
57        KEYWORDS.pop("VALUES")
58
59        # Redshift allows # to appear as a table identifier prefix
60        SINGLE_TOKENS = Postgres.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS.copy()
61        SINGLE_TOKENS.pop("#")
BIT_STRINGS = []
HEX_STRINGS = []
STRING_ESCAPES = ['\\', "'"]
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '&<': <TokenType.AMP_LT: 63>, '&>': <TokenType.AMP_GT: 64>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 28>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 14>, '?::': <TokenType.QDCOLON: 370>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 37>, '|>': <TokenType.PIPE_GT: 38>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 26>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 24>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 29>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 29>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 31>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 30>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 45>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 46>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 47>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 49>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 50>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 51>, '<<->>': <TokenType.LLRR_ARROW: 52>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 62>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 18>, '~~~': <TokenType.GLOB: 287>, '~~': <TokenType.LIKE: 318>, '~~*': <TokenType.ILIKE: 295>, '~*': <TokenType.IRLIKE: 307>, '-|-': <TokenType.ADJACENT: 65>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 220>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 34>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 221>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 222>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 225>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 218>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 226>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 228>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 228>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.BEGIN: 229>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 230>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 232>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 414>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 233>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 235>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 236>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 81>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 239>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 240>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 241>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COPY: 242>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 243>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 244>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 245>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 246>, 'CURRENT_SCHEMA': <TokenType.CURRENT_SCHEMA: 248>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 249>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 250>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 251>, 'CURRENT_CATALOG': <TokenType.CURRENT_CATALOG: 254>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 80>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 256>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 257>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 258>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 259>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 262>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 263>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 265>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 266>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 267>, 'ENUM': <TokenType.ENUM: 205>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 268>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 269>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 270>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 271>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 272>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 273>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 276>, 'FILE': <TokenType.FILE: 274>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 278>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 284>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 285>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 279>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 281>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 282>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 283>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 172>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 175>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 287>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 290>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 291>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 292>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 295>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 296>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 297>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 200>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 299>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 300>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 304>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 303>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 305>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 308>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 309>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 310>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 312>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 314>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 316>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 317>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 318>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 319>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 321>, 'LOCALTIME': <TokenType.LOCALTIME: 179>, 'LOCALTIMESTAMP': <TokenType.LOCALTIMESTAMP: 180>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 322>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 328>, 'NAMESPACE': <TokenType.NAMESPACE: 440>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 331>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 332>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 27>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 334>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 335>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 199>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 337>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 338>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 35>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 66>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 341>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 344>, 'OUT': <TokenType.OUT: 345>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 347>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 348>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 349>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 350>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 352>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 353>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 353>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 353>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 354>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 355>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 360>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 362>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 363>, 'OPERATOR': <TokenType.OPERATOR: 340>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 368>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 371>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 372>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 380>, 'RENAME': <TokenType.RENAME: 374>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 375>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 376>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 378>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 379>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 380>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 382>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 383>, 'ROW': <TokenType.ROW: 384>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 385>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 83>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 387>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 388>, 'SESSION': <TokenType.SESSION: 59>, 'SESSION_USER': <TokenType.SESSION_USER: 61>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 392>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 393>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 394>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 395>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 396>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 397>, 'SQL SECURITY': <TokenType.SQL_SECURITY: 399>, 'STRAIGHT_JOIN': <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 402>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 84>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 405>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 407>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 407>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 409>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 410>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 411>, 'TRIGGER': <TokenType.TRIGGER: 412>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 416>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 214>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 417>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 418>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 419>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 420>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 421>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 171>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 424>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 426>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 428>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 429>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 430>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 431>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 223>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 224>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 97>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 98>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 98>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 103>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 110>, 'UHUGEINT': <TokenType.UINT128: 111>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 110>, 'INT256': <TokenType.INT256: 112>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'INT8': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'UINT': <TokenType.UINT: 106>, 'UINT128': <TokenType.UINT128: 111>, 'UINT256': <TokenType.UINT256: 113>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'DECIMAL32': <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 118>, 'DECIMAL64': <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 119>, 'DECIMAL128': <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 120>, 'DECIMAL256': <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 121>, 'DECFLOAT': <TokenType.DECFLOAT: 122>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 124>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 124>, 'BIGNUM': <TokenType.BIGNUM: 109>, 'LIST': <TokenType.LIST: 320>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 323>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 174>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 114>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 115>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 114>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 115>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 115>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 115>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 141>, 'JSONB': <TokenType.JSONB: 142>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 125>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 125>, 'CHAR VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'CHARACTER VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 126>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 128>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 128>, 'BPCHAR': <TokenType.BPCHAR: 129>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 132>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 131>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 137>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 139>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 140>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 135>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 134>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 136>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 140>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 140>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 143>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 144>, 'TIME_NS': <TokenType.TIME_NS: 145>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 146>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 147>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 148>, 'TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 148>, 'TIMESTAMPNTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 149>, 'TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 149>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 157>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 153>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 159>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 160>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 161>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 162>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 163>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 164>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 165>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 166>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 167>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 168>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 169>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 170>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 432>, 'VECTOR': <TokenType.VECTOR: 215>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 403>, 'SEQUENCE': <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 390>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 198>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 219>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.ANALYZE: 439>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 238>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.GRANT: 289>, 'REVOKE': <TokenType.REVOKE: 377>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 193>, '~': <TokenType.RLIKE: 380>, '@@': <TokenType.DAT: 53>, '@?': <TokenType.AT_QMARK: 54>, '@>': <TokenType.AT_GT: 56>, '<@': <TokenType.LT_AT: 55>, '?&': <TokenType.QMARK_AMP: 68>, '?|': <TokenType.QMARK_PIPE: 69>, '#-': <TokenType.HASH_DASH: 70>, '|/': <TokenType.PIPE_SLASH: 40>, '||/': <TokenType.DPIPE_SLASH: 41>, 'BIGSERIAL': <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 190>, 'CSTRING': <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 366>, 'DECLARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'DO': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'EXEC': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'HSTORE': <TokenType.HSTORE: 186>, 'MONEY': <TokenType.MONEY: 194>, 'NAME': <TokenType.NAME: 138>, 'OID': <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 336>, 'ONLY': <TokenType.ONLY: 339>, 'POINT': <TokenType.POINT: 176>, 'REFRESH': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'REINDEX': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'RESET': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'SERIAL': <TokenType.SERIAL: 188>, 'SMALLSERIAL': <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 189>, 'TYPE': <TokenType.TYPE: 413>, 'REGCLASS': <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 336>, 'REGCOLLATION': <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 336>, 'REGCONFIG': <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 336>, 'REGDICTIONARY': <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 336>, 'REGNAMESPACE': <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 336>, 'REGOPER': <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 336>, 'REGOPERATOR': <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 336>, 'REGPROC': <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 336>, 'REGPROCEDURE': <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 336>, 'REGROLE': <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 336>, 'REGTYPE': <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 336>, 'XML': <TokenType.XML: 191>, 'VARIADIC': <TokenType.VARIADIC: 423>, 'INOUT': <TokenType.INOUT: 346>, '(+)': <TokenType.JOIN_MARKER: 311>, 'BINARY VARYING': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 140>, 'CURRENT_USER_ID': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER_ID: 252>, 'HLLSKETCH': <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 185>, 'MINUS': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 269>, 'SUPER': <TokenType.SUPER: 187>, 'TOP': <TokenType.TOP: 408>, 'UNLOAD': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 251>, 'VARBYTE': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 140>}
SINGLE_TOKENS = {'(': <TokenType.L_PAREN: 1>, ')': <TokenType.R_PAREN: 2>, '[': <TokenType.L_BRACKET: 3>, ']': <TokenType.R_BRACKET: 4>, '{': <TokenType.L_BRACE: 5>, '}': <TokenType.R_BRACE: 6>, '&': <TokenType.AMP: 36>, '^': <TokenType.CARET: 42>, ':': <TokenType.COLON: 11>, ',': <TokenType.COMMA: 7>, '.': <TokenType.DOT: 8>, '-': <TokenType.DASH: 9>, '=': <TokenType.EQ: 28>, '>': <TokenType.GT: 25>, '<': <TokenType.LT: 23>, '%': <TokenType.MOD: 329>, '!': <TokenType.NOT: 27>, '|': <TokenType.PIPE: 39>, '+': <TokenType.PLUS: 10>, ';': <TokenType.SEMICOLON: 19>, '/': <TokenType.SLASH: 22>, '\\': <TokenType.BACKSLASH: 21>, '*': <TokenType.STAR: 20>, '~': <TokenType.TILDE: 44>, '?': <TokenType.PLACEHOLDER: 356>, '@': <TokenType.PARAMETER: 58>, "'": <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 214>, '`': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 214>, '"': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 214>, '$': <TokenType.HEREDOC_STRING: 95>}
BYTE_STRING_ESCAPES = ['\\', "'"]
class RisingWave(sqlglot.dialects.Postgres):
10class RisingWave(Postgres):
11    NORMALIZE_NOT_NULL = True
12
13    REQUIRES_PARENTHESIZED_STRUCT_ACCESS = True
14    SUPPORTS_STRUCT_STAR_EXPANSION = True
15
16    class Tokenizer(Postgres.Tokenizer):
17        KEYWORDS = {
18            **Postgres.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
19            "SINK": TokenType.SINK,
20            "SOURCE": TokenType.SOURCE,
21        }
22
23    Parser = RisingWaveParser
24
25    Generator = RisingWaveGenerator
NORMALIZE_NOT_NULL = True
REQUIRES_PARENTHESIZED_STRUCT_ACCESS = True

Whether struct field access requires parentheses around the expression.

RisingWave requires parentheses for struct field access in certain contexts:

SELECT (col.field).subfield FROM table -- Parentheses required

Without parentheses, the parser may not correctly interpret nested struct access.

Reference: sqlglot.dialects.risingwave.com/sql/data-types/struct#retrieve-data-in-a-struct">https://docssqlglot.dialects.risingwave.com/sql/data-types/struct#retrieve-data-in-a-struct

SUPPORTS_STRUCT_STAR_EXPANSION = True

Whether the dialect supports expanding struct fields using star notation (e.g., struct_col.*).

BigQuery allows struct fields to be expanded with the star operator:

SELECT t.struct_col.* FROM table t

RisingWave also allows struct field expansion with the star operator using parentheses:

SELECT (t.struct_col).* FROM table t

This expands to all fields within the struct.

SUPPORTS_COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS = False

Whether the old-style outer join (+) syntax is supported.

STRINGS_SUPPORT_ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: bool = False

Whether string literals support escape sequences (e.g. \n). Set by the metaclass based on the tokenizer's STRING_ESCAPES.

BYTE_STRINGS_SUPPORT_ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: bool = False

Whether byte string literals support escape sequences. Set by the metaclass based on the tokenizer's BYTE_STRING_ESCAPES.

INITCAP_SUPPORTS_CUSTOM_DELIMITERS = False
tokenizer_class = <class 'RisingWave.Tokenizer'>
jsonpath_tokenizer_class = <class 'sqlglot.dialects.dialect.JSONPathTokenizer'>
TIME_TRIE: dict = {'d': {0: True, 'd': {0: True, 'd': {0: True}}, 'a': {'y': {0: True}}, 'y': {0: True}}, 'D': {0: True, 'D': {0: True, 'D': {0: True}}}, 'F': {'M': {'D': {'D': {0: True, 'D': {0: True}}}, 'H': {'H': {'1': {'2': {0: True}}, '2': {'4': {0: True}}}}, 'M': {'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}}}, 'H': {'H': {'1': {'2': {0: True}}, '2': {'4': {0: True}}}}, 'm': {'i': {0: True}, 'm': {0: True}}, 'M': {'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}}, 'O': {'F': {0: True}}, 's': {'s': {0: True}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}, 'T': {'M': {'D': {'a': {'y': {0: True}}, 'y': {0: True}}, 'M': {'o': {'n': {0: True, 't': {'h': {0: True}}}}}}, 'Z': {0: True}}, 'U': {'S': {0: True}}, 'w': {'w': {0: True}}, 'W': {'W': {0: True}}, 'y': {'y': {0: True, 'y': {0: True, 'y': {0: True}}}}, 'Y': {'Y': {0: True, 'Y': {0: True, 'Y': {0: True}}}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: dict = {'d': {0: True, 'd': {0: True, 'd': {0: True}}, 'a': {'y': {0: True}}, 'y': {0: True}}, 'D': {0: True, 'D': {0: True, 'D': {0: True}}}, 'F': {'M': {'D': {'D': {0: True, 'D': {0: True}}}, 'H': {'H': {'1': {'2': {0: True}}, '2': {'4': {0: True}}}}, 'M': {'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}}}, 'H': {'H': {'1': {'2': {0: True}}, '2': {'4': {0: True}}}}, 'm': {'i': {0: True}, 'm': {0: True}}, 'M': {'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}}, 'O': {'F': {0: True}}, 's': {'s': {0: True}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}, 'T': {'M': {'D': {'a': {'y': {0: True}}, 'y': {0: True}}, 'M': {'o': {'n': {0: True, 't': {'h': {0: True}}}}}}, 'Z': {0: True}}, 'U': {'S': {0: True}}, 'w': {'w': {0: True}}, 'W': {'W': {0: True}}, 'y': {'y': {0: True, 'y': {0: True, 'y': {0: True}}}}, 'Y': {'Y': {0: True, 'Y': {0: True, 'Y': {0: True}}}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'%u': 'D', '%d': 'DD', '%j': 'DDD', '%-d': 'FMDD', '%-j': 'FMDDD', '%-I': 'FMHH12', '%-H': 'FMHH24', '%-M': 'FMMI', '%-m': 'FMMM', '%-S': 'FMSS', '%I': 'HH12', '%H': 'HH24', '%M': 'MI', '%m': 'MM', '%z': 'OF', '%S': 'SS', '%A': 'TMDay', '%a': 'TMDy', '%b': 'TMMon', '%B': 'TMMonth', '%Aenlower': 'day', '%aenlower': 'dy', '%Z': 'TZ', '%f': 'US', '%U': 'WW', '%y': 'YY', '%Ythree': 'YYY', '%Y': 'YYYY', '%mstrict': 'MM', '%dstrict': 'DD', '%Hstrict': 'HH24', '%Istrict': 'HH12', '%Mstrict': 'MI', '%Sstrict': 'SS'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: dict = {'%': {'u': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'j': {0: True}, '-': {'d': {0: True}, 'j': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'm': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True}}, 'I': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'H': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'M': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'm': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'z': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'A': {0: True, 'e': {'n': {'l': {'o': {'w': {'e': {'r': {0: True}}}}}}}}, 'a': {0: True, 'e': {'n': {'l': {'o': {'w': {'e': {'r': {0: True}}}}}}}}, 'b': {0: True}, 'B': {0: True}, 'Z': {0: True}, 'f': {0: True}, 'U': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}, 'Y': {'t': {'h': {'r': {'e': {'e': {0: True}}}}}, 0: True}}}
INVERSE_FORMAT_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'%mstrict': '%m', '%dstrict': '%d', '%Hstrict': '%H', '%Istrict': '%I', '%Mstrict': '%M', '%Sstrict': '%S'}
INVERSE_FORMAT_TRIE: dict = {'%': {'m': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'd': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'H': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'I': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'M': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'S': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}}}
INVERSE_CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {}
ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: dict[str, str] = {'\x07': '\\a', '\x08': '\\b', '\x0c': '\\f', '\n': '\\n', '\r': '\\r', '\t': '\\t', '\x0b': '\\v', '\\': '\\\\'}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '"'
IDENTIFIER_END = '"'
VALID_INTERVAL_UNITS: set[str] = {'MICROSECS', 'MINUTES', 'YEAR', 'WY', 'DAYOFMONTH', 'DOW', 'MONTH', 'MICROSECOND', 'TIMEZONE_MINUTE', 'EPOCH_MICROSECONDS', 'MINUTE', 'DAYOFWEEK_ISO', 'TZH', 'Y', 'DW', 'WEEK', 'MM', 'DAYOFWEEK', 'QUARTER', 'MSEC', 'NSEC', 'M', 'USECS', 'NANOSECS', 'WEEKDAY', 'DW_ISO', 'MONTHS', 'D', 'MINS', 'DY', 'DAYOFYEAR', 'WK', 'HH', 'MS', 'TIMEZONE_HOUR', 'MIL', 'S', 'YYYY', 'DECADES', 'MON', 'NANOSECOND', 'WEEKOFYEAR', 'HOUR', 'TZM', 'MILLENNIUM', 'SECONDS', 'DOW_ISO', 'DAY OF WEEK', 'USECOND', 'H', 'MILLISECON', 'QTRS', 'MILLISECS', 'DOY', 'SECOND', 'EPOCH_MILLISECOND', 'HRS', 'DEC', 'EPOCH_SECONDS', 'YYY', 'YY', 'YRS', 'MSECONDS', 'SEC', 'USEC', 'MILLISECOND', 'HOURS', 'DAY OF YEAR', 'MILLISEC', 'C', 'MSECOND', 'WEEKDAY_ISO', 'EPOCH_NANOSECOND', 'NANOSEC', 'SECS', 'CENTURY', 'MILS', 'US', 'WEEKOFYEAR_ISO', 'WEEKOFYEARISO', 'QUARTERS', 'YR', 'EPOCH', 'EPOCH_MILLISECONDS', 'MONS', 'MILLISECONDS', 'MICROSECONDS', 'MI', 'WEEK_ISO', 'MIN', 'MILLENIA', 'WOY', 'CENTS', 'EPOCH_MICROSECOND', 'DAYS', 'MSECS', 'CENT', 'W', 'MICROSEC', 'HR', 'NS', 'DD', 'EPOCH_NANOSECONDS', 'DECADE', 'NSECONDS', 'DAY', 'DECS', 'DAYOFWEEKISO', 'USECONDS', 'YEARS', 'NSECOND', 'CENTURIES', 'WEEKISO', 'QTR', 'Q', 'EPOCH_SECOND'}
BIT_START: str | None = "b'"
BIT_END: str | None = "'"
HEX_START: str | None = "x'"
HEX_END: str | None = "'"
BYTE_START: str | None = "e'"
BYTE_END: str | None = "'"
UNICODE_START: str | None = "U&'"
UNICODE_END: str | None = "'"
class RisingWave.Tokenizer(sqlglot.dialects.Postgres.Tokenizer):
16    class Tokenizer(Postgres.Tokenizer):
17        KEYWORDS = {
18            **Postgres.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
19            "SINK": TokenType.SINK,
20            "SOURCE": TokenType.SOURCE,
21        }
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '&<': <TokenType.AMP_LT: 63>, '&>': <TokenType.AMP_GT: 64>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 28>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 14>, '?::': <TokenType.QDCOLON: 370>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 37>, '|>': <TokenType.PIPE_GT: 38>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 26>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 24>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 29>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 29>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 31>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 30>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 45>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 46>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 47>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 49>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 50>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 51>, '<<->>': <TokenType.LLRR_ARROW: 52>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 62>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 18>, '~~~': <TokenType.GLOB: 287>, '~~': <TokenType.LIKE: 318>, '~~*': <TokenType.ILIKE: 295>, '~*': <TokenType.IRLIKE: 307>, '-|-': <TokenType.ADJACENT: 65>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 220>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 34>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 221>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 222>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 225>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 218>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 226>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 228>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 228>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.BEGIN: 229>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 230>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 232>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 414>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 233>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 235>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 236>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 81>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 239>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 240>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 241>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COPY: 242>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 243>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 244>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 245>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 246>, 'CURRENT_SCHEMA': <TokenType.CURRENT_SCHEMA: 248>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 249>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 250>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 251>, 'CURRENT_CATALOG': <TokenType.CURRENT_CATALOG: 254>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 80>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 256>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 257>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 258>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 259>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 262>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 263>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 265>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 266>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 267>, 'ENUM': <TokenType.ENUM: 205>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 268>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 269>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 270>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 271>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 272>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 273>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 276>, 'FILE': <TokenType.FILE: 274>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 278>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 284>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 285>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 279>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 281>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 282>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 283>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 172>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 175>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 287>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 290>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 291>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 292>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 295>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 296>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 297>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 200>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 299>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 300>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 304>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 303>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 305>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 308>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 309>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 310>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 312>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 314>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 316>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 317>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 318>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 319>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 321>, 'LOCALTIME': <TokenType.LOCALTIME: 179>, 'LOCALTIMESTAMP': <TokenType.LOCALTIMESTAMP: 180>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 322>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 328>, 'NAMESPACE': <TokenType.NAMESPACE: 440>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 331>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 332>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 27>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 334>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 335>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 199>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 337>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 338>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 35>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 66>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 341>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 344>, 'OUT': <TokenType.OUT: 345>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 347>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 348>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 349>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 350>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 352>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 353>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 353>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 353>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 354>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 355>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 360>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 362>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 363>, 'OPERATOR': <TokenType.OPERATOR: 340>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 368>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 371>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 372>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 380>, 'RENAME': <TokenType.RENAME: 374>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 375>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 376>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 378>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 379>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 380>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 382>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 383>, 'ROW': <TokenType.ROW: 384>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 385>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 83>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 387>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 388>, 'SESSION': <TokenType.SESSION: 59>, 'SESSION_USER': <TokenType.SESSION_USER: 61>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 392>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 393>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 394>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 395>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 396>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 397>, 'SQL SECURITY': <TokenType.SQL_SECURITY: 399>, 'STRAIGHT_JOIN': <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 402>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 84>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 405>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 407>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 407>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 409>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 410>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 411>, 'TRIGGER': <TokenType.TRIGGER: 412>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 416>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 214>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 417>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 418>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 419>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 420>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 421>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 171>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 422>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 424>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 426>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 428>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 429>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 430>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 431>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 223>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 224>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 97>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 98>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 98>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 103>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 110>, 'UHUGEINT': <TokenType.UINT128: 111>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 110>, 'INT256': <TokenType.INT256: 112>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'INT8': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'UINT': <TokenType.UINT: 106>, 'UINT128': <TokenType.UINT128: 111>, 'UINT256': <TokenType.UINT256: 113>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'DECIMAL32': <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 118>, 'DECIMAL64': <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 119>, 'DECIMAL128': <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 120>, 'DECIMAL256': <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 121>, 'DECFLOAT': <TokenType.DECFLOAT: 122>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 124>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 124>, 'BIGNUM': <TokenType.BIGNUM: 109>, 'LIST': <TokenType.LIST: 320>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 323>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 174>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 114>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 115>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 114>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 115>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 115>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 115>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 141>, 'JSONB': <TokenType.JSONB: 142>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 125>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 125>, 'CHAR VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'CHARACTER VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 126>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 128>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 128>, 'BPCHAR': <TokenType.BPCHAR: 129>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 132>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 131>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 137>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 139>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 140>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 135>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 134>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 136>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 140>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 140>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 143>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 144>, 'TIME_NS': <TokenType.TIME_NS: 145>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 146>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 147>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 148>, 'TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 148>, 'TIMESTAMPNTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 149>, 'TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 149>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 157>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 153>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 159>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 160>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 161>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 162>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 163>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 164>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 165>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 166>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 167>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 168>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 169>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 170>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 432>, 'VECTOR': <TokenType.VECTOR: 215>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 403>, 'SEQUENCE': <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 390>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 198>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 219>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.ANALYZE: 439>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 238>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.GRANT: 289>, 'REVOKE': <TokenType.REVOKE: 377>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 193>, '~': <TokenType.RLIKE: 380>, '@@': <TokenType.DAT: 53>, '@?': <TokenType.AT_QMARK: 54>, '@>': <TokenType.AT_GT: 56>, '<@': <TokenType.LT_AT: 55>, '?&': <TokenType.QMARK_AMP: 68>, '?|': <TokenType.QMARK_PIPE: 69>, '#-': <TokenType.HASH_DASH: 70>, '|/': <TokenType.PIPE_SLASH: 40>, '||/': <TokenType.DPIPE_SLASH: 41>, 'BIGSERIAL': <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 190>, 'CSTRING': <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 366>, 'DECLARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'DO': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'EXEC': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'HSTORE': <TokenType.HSTORE: 186>, 'MONEY': <TokenType.MONEY: 194>, 'NAME': <TokenType.NAME: 138>, 'OID': <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 336>, 'ONLY': <TokenType.ONLY: 339>, 'POINT': <TokenType.POINT: 176>, 'REFRESH': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'REINDEX': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'RESET': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'SERIAL': <TokenType.SERIAL: 188>, 'SMALLSERIAL': <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 189>, 'TYPE': <TokenType.TYPE: 413>, 'REGCLASS': <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 336>, 'REGCOLLATION': <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 336>, 'REGCONFIG': <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 336>, 'REGDICTIONARY': <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 336>, 'REGNAMESPACE': <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 336>, 'REGOPER': <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 336>, 'REGOPERATOR': <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 336>, 'REGPROC': <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 336>, 'REGPROCEDURE': <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 336>, 'REGROLE': <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 336>, 'REGTYPE': <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 336>, 'XML': <TokenType.XML: 191>, 'VARIADIC': <TokenType.VARIADIC: 423>, 'INOUT': <TokenType.INOUT: 346>, 'SINK': <TokenType.SINK: 437>, 'SOURCE': <TokenType.SOURCE: 438>}
BYTE_STRING_ESCAPES = ["'"]
class SingleStore(sqlglot.dialects.MySQL):
 8class SingleStore(MySQL):
 9    SUPPORTS_ORDER_BY_ALL = True
10
11    MYSQL_INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING = MySQL.INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING
12    MYSQL_INVERSE_TIME_TRIE = MySQL.INVERSE_TIME_TRIE
13    CAST_TO_TIME6 = staticmethod(cast_to_time6)
14
15    TIME_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {
16        "D": "%u",  # Day of week (1-7)
17        "DD": "%d",  # day of month (01-31)
18        "DY": "%a",  # abbreviated name of day
19        "HH": "%I",  # Hour of day (01-12)
20        "HH12": "%I",  # alias for HH
21        "HH24": "%H",  # Hour of day (00-23)
22        "MI": "%M",  # Minute (00-59)
23        "MM": "%m",  # Month (01-12; January = 01)
24        "MON": "%b",  # Abbreviated name of month
25        "MONTH": "%B",  # Name of month
26        "SS": "%S",  # Second (00-59)
27        "RR": "%y",  # 15
28        "YY": "%y",  # 15
29        "YYYY": "%Y",  # 2015
30        "FF6": "%f",  # only 6 digits are supported in python formats
31    }
32
33    VECTOR_TYPE_ALIASES = {
34        "I8": "TINYINT",
35        "I16": "SMALLINT",
36        "I32": "INT",
37        "I64": "BIGINT",
38        "F32": "FLOAT",
39        "F64": "DOUBLE",
40    }
41
42    INVERSE_VECTOR_TYPE_ALIASES = {v: k for k, v in VECTOR_TYPE_ALIASES.items()}
43
44    class Tokenizer(MySQL.Tokenizer):
45        BYTE_STRINGS = [("e'", "'"), ("E'", "'")]
46
47        KEYWORDS = {
48            **MySQL.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
49            "BSON": TokenType.JSONB,
50            "GEOGRAPHYPOINT": TokenType.GEOGRAPHYPOINT,
51            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
52            "UTC_DATE": TokenType.UTC_DATE,
53            "UTC_TIME": TokenType.UTC_TIME,
54            "UTC_TIMESTAMP": TokenType.UTC_TIMESTAMP,
55            ":>": TokenType.COLON_GT,
56            "!:>": TokenType.NCOLON_GT,
57            "::$": TokenType.DCOLONDOLLAR,
58            "::%": TokenType.DCOLONPERCENT,
59            "::?": TokenType.DCOLONQMARK,
60            "RECORD": TokenType.STRUCT,
61        }
62
63    Parser = SingleStoreParser
64
65    Generator = SingleStoreGenerator
SUPPORTS_ORDER_BY_ALL = True

Whether ORDER BY ALL is supported (expands to all the selected columns) as in DuckDB, Spark3/Databricks

MYSQL_INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING = {'%B': '%M', '%-m': '%c', '%-d': '%e', '%I': '%h', '%M': '%i', '%S': '%s', '%W': '%u', '%-H': '%k', '%-I': '%l', '%I:%M:%S %p': '%r', '%H:%M:%S': '%T', '%A': '%W', '%G': '%x', '%mstrict': '%m', '%dstrict': '%d', '%Hstrict': '%H', '%Istrict': '%h', '%Mstrict': '%i', '%Sstrict': '%s'}
MYSQL_INVERSE_TIME_TRIE = {'%': {'B': {0: True}, '-': {'m': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'I': {0: True, ':': {'%': {'M': {':': {'%': {'S': {' ': {'%': {'p': {0: True}}}}}}}}}, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'M': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'S': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'W': {0: True}, 'H': {':': {'%': {'M': {':': {'%': {'S': {0: True}}}}}}, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'A': {0: True}, 'G': {0: True}, 'm': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'd': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}}}
def CAST_TO_TIME6( expression: sqlglot.expressions.core.Expr | None, time_type: sqlglot.expressions.datatypes.DType = <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>) -> sqlglot.expressions.functions.Cast:
17def cast_to_time6(expression: exp.Expr | None, time_type: exp.DType = exp.DType.TIME) -> exp.Cast:
18    return exp.Cast(
19        this=expression,
20        to=time_type.into_expr(expressions=[exp.DataTypeParam(this=exp.Literal.number(6))]),
21    )
TIME_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'D': '%u', 'DD': '%d', 'DY': '%a', 'HH': '%I', 'HH12': '%I', 'HH24': '%H', 'MI': '%M', 'MM': '%m', 'MON': '%b', 'MONTH': '%B', 'SS': '%S', 'RR': '%y', 'YY': '%y', 'YYYY': '%Y', 'FF6': '%f'}

Associates this dialect's time formats with their equivalent Python strftime formats.

VECTOR_TYPE_ALIASES = {'I8': 'TINYINT', 'I16': 'SMALLINT', 'I32': 'INT', 'I64': 'BIGINT', 'F32': 'FLOAT', 'F64': 'DOUBLE'}
INVERSE_VECTOR_TYPE_ALIASES = {'TINYINT': 'I8', 'SMALLINT': 'I16', 'INT': 'I32', 'BIGINT': 'I64', 'FLOAT': 'F32', 'DOUBLE': 'F64'}

Mapping of vector type aliases back to their canonical names. Overridden by dialects like SingleStore.

VALID_INTERVAL_UNITS: set[str] = {'MICROSECS', 'MINUTES', 'YEAR', 'YEAR_MONTH', 'WY', 'DAYOFMONTH', 'DOW', 'MONTH', 'MICROSECOND', 'TIMEZONE_MINUTE', 'EPOCH_MICROSECONDS', 'MINUTE', 'DAYOFWEEK_ISO', 'TZH', 'Y', 'DW', 'WEEK', 'MM', 'DAYOFWEEK', 'QUARTER', 'MSEC', 'NSEC', 'M', 'USECS', 'NANOSECS', 'WEEKDAY', 'DW_ISO', 'MONTHS', 'D', 'MINS', 'DY', 'DAYOFYEAR', 'WK', 'HH', 'MS', 'TIMEZONE_HOUR', 'MIL', 'S', 'YYYY', 'DECADES', 'MON', 'NANOSECOND', 'WEEKOFYEAR', 'HOUR', 'TZM', 'MILLENNIUM', 'SECONDS', 'DOW_ISO', 'DAY OF WEEK', 'USECOND', 'H', 'MILLISECON', 'QTRS', 'MINUTE_MICROSECOND', 'HOUR_SECOND', 'MILLISECS', 'DOY', 'DAY_MINUTE', 'SECOND', 'EPOCH_MILLISECOND', 'HRS', 'DEC', 'EPOCH_SECONDS', 'YYY', 'YY', 'YRS', 'MSECONDS', 'SEC', 'USEC', 'MILLISECOND', 'HOURS', 'DAY OF YEAR', 'MILLISEC', 'C', 'MSECOND', 'WEEKDAY_ISO', 'EPOCH_NANOSECOND', 'NANOSEC', 'SECS', 'CENTURY', 'MILS', 'US', 'DAY_HOUR', 'WEEKOFYEAR_ISO', 'WEEKOFYEARISO', 'QUARTERS', 'YR', 'EPOCH', 'EPOCH_MILLISECONDS', 'MONS', 'MILLISECONDS', 'HOUR_MICROSECOND', 'DAY_MICROSECOND', 'HOUR_MINUTE', 'MICROSECONDS', 'MI', 'WEEK_ISO', 'MIN', 'MILLENIA', 'WOY', 'CENTS', 'DAY_SECOND', 'EPOCH_MICROSECOND', 'DAYS', 'MSECS', 'CENT', 'MINUTE_SECOND', 'W', 'MICROSEC', 'HR', 'NS', 'DD', 'EPOCH_NANOSECONDS', 'DECADE', 'NSECONDS', 'DAY', 'SECOND_MICROSECOND', 'DECS', 'DAYOFWEEKISO', 'USECONDS', 'YEARS', 'NSECOND', 'CENTURIES', 'WEEKISO', 'QTR', 'Q', 'EPOCH_SECOND'}
SUPPORTS_COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS = False

Whether the old-style outer join (+) syntax is supported.

UNESCAPED_SEQUENCES: dict[str, str] = {'\\a': '\x07', '\\b': '\x08', '\\f': '\x0c', '\\n': '\n', '\\r': '\r', '\\t': '\t', '\\v': '\x0b', '\\\\': '\\'}

Mapping of an escaped sequence (\n) to its unescaped version ( ).

STRINGS_SUPPORT_ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: bool = True

Whether string literals support escape sequences (e.g. \n). Set by the metaclass based on the tokenizer's STRING_ESCAPES.

BYTE_STRINGS_SUPPORT_ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: bool = True

Whether byte string literals support escape sequences. Set by the metaclass based on the tokenizer's BYTE_STRING_ESCAPES.

INITCAP_SUPPORTS_CUSTOM_DELIMITERS = False
tokenizer_class = <class 'SingleStore.Tokenizer'>
jsonpath_tokenizer_class = <class 'sqlglot.dialects.dialect.JSONPathTokenizer'>
TIME_TRIE: dict = {'D': {0: True, 'D': {0: True}, 'Y': {0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {0: True, '1': {'2': {0: True}}, '2': {'4': {0: True}}}}, 'M': {'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True, 'T': {'H': {0: True}}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}, 'R': {'R': {0: True}}, 'Y': {'Y': {0: True, 'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}}}, 'F': {'F': {'6': {0: True}}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: dict = {'D': {0: True, 'D': {0: True}, 'Y': {0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {0: True, '1': {'2': {0: True}}, '2': {'4': {0: True}}}}, 'M': {'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True, 'T': {'H': {0: True}}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}, 'R': {'R': {0: True}}, 'Y': {'Y': {0: True, 'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}}}, 'F': {'F': {'6': {0: True}}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'%u': 'D', '%d': 'DD', '%a': 'DY', '%I': 'HH12', '%H': 'HH24', '%M': 'MI', '%m': 'MM', '%b': 'MON', '%B': 'MONTH', '%S': 'SS', '%y': 'YY', '%Y': 'YYYY', '%f': 'FF6', '%mstrict': 'MM', '%dstrict': 'DD', '%Hstrict': 'HH24', '%Istrict': 'HH12', '%Mstrict': 'MI', '%Sstrict': 'SS'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: dict = {'%': {'u': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'a': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'H': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'M': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'm': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'b': {0: True}, 'B': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'y': {0: True}, 'Y': {0: True}, 'f': {0: True}}}
INVERSE_FORMAT_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'%mstrict': '%m', '%dstrict': '%d', '%Hstrict': '%H', '%Istrict': '%I', '%Mstrict': '%M', '%Sstrict': '%S'}
INVERSE_FORMAT_TRIE: dict = {'%': {'m': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'd': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'H': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'I': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'M': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'S': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}}}
INVERSE_CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {}
ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: dict[str, str] = {'\x07': '\\a', '\x08': '\\b', '\x0c': '\\f', '\n': '\\n', '\r': '\\r', '\t': '\\t', '\x0b': '\\v', '\\': '\\\\'}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '`'
IDENTIFIER_END = '`'
BIT_START: str | None = "b'"
BIT_END: str | None = "'"
HEX_START: str | None = "x'"
HEX_END: str | None = "'"
BYTE_START: str | None = "e'"
BYTE_END: str | None = "'"
UNICODE_START: str | None = None
UNICODE_END: str | None = None
class SingleStore.Tokenizer(sqlglot.dialects.MySQL.Tokenizer):
44    class Tokenizer(MySQL.Tokenizer):
45        BYTE_STRINGS = [("e'", "'"), ("E'", "'")]
46
47        KEYWORDS = {
48            **MySQL.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
49            "BSON": TokenType.JSONB,
50            "GEOGRAPHYPOINT": TokenType.GEOGRAPHYPOINT,
51            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
52            "UTC_DATE": TokenType.UTC_DATE,
53            "UTC_TIME": TokenType.UTC_TIME,
54            "UTC_TIMESTAMP": TokenType.UTC_TIMESTAMP,
55            ":>": TokenType.COLON_GT,
56            "!:>": TokenType.NCOLON_GT,
57            "::$": TokenType.DCOLONDOLLAR,
58            "::%": TokenType.DCOLONPERCENT,
59            "::?": TokenType.DCOLONQMARK,
60            "RECORD": TokenType.STRUCT,
61        }
BYTE_STRINGS = [("e'", "'"), ("E'", "'")]
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '/*+': <TokenType.HINT: 293>, '&<': <TokenType.AMP_LT: 63>, '&>': <TokenType.AMP_GT: 64>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 28>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 14>, '?::': <TokenType.QDCOLON: 370>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 37>, '|>': <TokenType.PIPE_GT: 38>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 26>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 24>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 29>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 29>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 31>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 30>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 45>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 46>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 47>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 49>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 50>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 51>, '<<->>': <TokenType.LLRR_ARROW: 52>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 62>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 18>, '~~~': <TokenType.GLOB: 287>, '~~': <TokenType.LIKE: 318>, '~~*': <TokenType.ILIKE: 295>, '~*': <TokenType.IRLIKE: 307>, '-|-': <TokenType.ADJACENT: 65>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 220>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 34>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 221>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 222>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 225>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 218>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 226>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 228>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 228>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.BEGIN: 229>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 230>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 232>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 414>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 233>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 235>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 236>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 81>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 239>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 240>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 241>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COPY: 242>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 243>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 244>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 245>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 246>, 'CURRENT_SCHEMA': <TokenType.CURRENT_SCHEMA: 248>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 249>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 250>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 251>, 'CURRENT_CATALOG': <TokenType.CURRENT_CATALOG: 254>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 80>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 256>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 257>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 258>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 259>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 262>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 263>, 'DIV': <TokenType.DIV: 264>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 265>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 266>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 267>, 'ENUM': <TokenType.ENUM: 205>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 268>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 269>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 270>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 271>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 272>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 273>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 276>, 'FILE': <TokenType.FILE: 274>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 278>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 284>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 285>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 279>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 281>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 282>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 283>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 172>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 175>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 287>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 290>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 291>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 292>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 295>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 296>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 297>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 200>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 299>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 300>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 304>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 303>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 305>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 308>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 309>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 310>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 312>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 314>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 316>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 317>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 318>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 319>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 321>, 'LOCALTIME': <TokenType.LOCALTIME: 179>, 'LOCALTIMESTAMP': <TokenType.LOCALTIMESTAMP: 180>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 322>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 328>, 'NAMESPACE': <TokenType.NAMESPACE: 440>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 331>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 332>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 27>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 334>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 335>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 199>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 337>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 338>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 35>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 66>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 341>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 344>, 'OUT': <TokenType.OUT: 345>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 347>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 348>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 349>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 350>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 352>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 353>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 353>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 353>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 354>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 355>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 360>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 362>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 363>, 'OPERATOR': <TokenType.OPERATOR: 340>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 368>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 371>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 372>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 380>, 'RENAME': <TokenType.RENAME: 374>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 375>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 376>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 378>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 379>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 380>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 382>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 383>, 'ROW': <TokenType.ROW: 384>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 385>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 83>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 387>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 388>, 'SESSION': <TokenType.SESSION: 59>, 'SESSION_USER': <TokenType.SESSION_USER: 61>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 392>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 393>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 394>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 395>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 396>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 397>, 'SQL SECURITY': <TokenType.SQL_SECURITY: 399>, 'STRAIGHT_JOIN': <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 402>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 84>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 405>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 407>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 407>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 409>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 410>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 411>, 'TRIGGER': <TokenType.TRIGGER: 412>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 416>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 214>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 417>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 418>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 419>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 420>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 421>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 171>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 422>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 424>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 426>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 428>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 429>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 430>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 431>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 223>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 224>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 97>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 98>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 98>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 103>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 110>, 'UHUGEINT': <TokenType.UINT128: 111>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 110>, 'INT256': <TokenType.INT256: 112>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'INT8': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'UINT': <TokenType.UINT: 106>, 'UINT128': <TokenType.UINT128: 111>, 'UINT256': <TokenType.UINT256: 113>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'DECIMAL32': <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 118>, 'DECIMAL64': <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 119>, 'DECIMAL128': <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 120>, 'DECIMAL256': <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 121>, 'DECFLOAT': <TokenType.DECFLOAT: 122>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 124>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 124>, 'BIGNUM': <TokenType.BIGNUM: 109>, 'LIST': <TokenType.LIST: 320>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 323>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 174>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 114>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 114>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 114>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 115>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 115>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 115>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 141>, 'JSONB': <TokenType.JSONB: 142>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 125>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 125>, 'CHAR VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'CHARACTER VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 126>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 128>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 128>, 'BPCHAR': <TokenType.BPCHAR: 129>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 132>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 131>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 137>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 139>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.BLOB: 133>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 135>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 134>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 136>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 140>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 140>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 143>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 144>, 'TIME_NS': <TokenType.TIME_NS: 145>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 146>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 147>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 148>, 'TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 148>, 'TIMESTAMPNTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 149>, 'TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 149>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 157>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 153>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 159>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 160>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 161>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 162>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 163>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 164>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 165>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 166>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 167>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 168>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 169>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 170>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 432>, 'VECTOR': <TokenType.VECTOR: 215>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 403>, 'SEQUENCE': <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 390>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 198>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 219>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.ANALYZE: 439>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 238>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 259>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.GRANT: 289>, 'REVOKE': <TokenType.REVOKE: 377>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 193>, 'CHARSET': <TokenType.CHARACTER_SET: 234>, 'DISTINCTROW': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 262>, 'FORCE': <TokenType.FORCE: 280>, 'IGNORE': <TokenType.IGNORE: 294>, 'KEY': <TokenType.KEY: 313>, 'LOCK TABLES': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'MEMBER OF': <TokenType.MEMBER_OF: 327>, 'MOD': <TokenType.MOD: 329>, 'SEPARATOR': <TokenType.SEPARATOR: 389>, 'SERIAL': <TokenType.SERIAL: 188>, 'SIGNED': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'SIGNED INTEGER': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'START': <TokenType.BEGIN: 229>, 'UNLOCK TABLES': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'UNSIGNED': <TokenType.UBIGINT: 108>, 'UNSIGNED INTEGER': <TokenType.UBIGINT: 108>, 'YEAR': <TokenType.YEAR: 192>, '_ARMSCII8': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_ASCII': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_BIG5': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_BINARY': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_CP1250': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_CP1251': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_CP1256': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_CP1257': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_CP850': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_CP852': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_CP866': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_CP932': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_DEC8': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_EUCJPMS': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_EUCKR': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_GB18030': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_GB2312': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_GBK': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_GEOSTD8': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_GREEK': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_HEBREW': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_HP8': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_KEYBCS2': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_KOI8R': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_KOI8U': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_LATIN1': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_LATIN2': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_LATIN5': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_LATIN7': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_MACCE': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_MACROMAN': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_SJIS': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_SWE7': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_TIS620': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_UCS2': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_UJIS': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_UTF8': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_UTF16': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_UTF16LE': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_UTF32': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_UTF8MB3': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_UTF8MB4': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '@@': <TokenType.SESSION_PARAMETER: 60>, 'BSON': <TokenType.JSONB: 142>, 'GEOGRAPHYPOINT': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHYPOINT: 173>, 'UTC_DATE': <TokenType.UTC_DATE: 433>, 'UTC_TIME': <TokenType.UTC_TIME: 434>, 'UTC_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.UTC_TIMESTAMP: 435>, ':>': <TokenType.COLON_GT: 32>, '!:>': <TokenType.NCOLON_GT: 33>, '::$': <TokenType.DCOLONDOLLAR: 15>, '::%': <TokenType.DCOLONPERCENT: 16>, '::?': <TokenType.DCOLONQMARK: 17>, 'RECORD': <TokenType.STRUCT: 403>}
BYTE_STRING_ESCAPES: ClassVar[list[str]] = ["'", '"', '\\']
class Snowflake(sqlglot.dialects.Dialect):
 17class Snowflake(Dialect):
 18    # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/identifiers-syntax
 19    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.UPPERCASE
 20    # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-text#escape-sequences
 21    UNESCAPED_SEQUENCES = {"\\a": "a", "\\v": "v"}
 22    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_large"
 23    TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'"
 24    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
 25    PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN = True
 26    SUPPORTS_POSITIONAL_COLUMN_REFS = True
 27    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
 28    COPY_PARAMS_ARE_CSV = False
 29    ARRAY_AGG_INCLUDES_NULLS = None
 30    ARRAY_FUNCS_PROPAGATES_NULLS = True
 31    ALTER_TABLE_ADD_REQUIRED_FOR_EACH_COLUMN = False
 32    TRY_CAST_REQUIRES_STRING = True
 33    SUPPORTS_ALIAS_REFS_IN_JOIN_CONDITIONS = True
 34    LEAST_GREATEST_IGNORES_NULLS = False
 35    UUID_IS_STRING_TYPE = True
 36    STAR_ILIKE_BACKSLASH_ESCAPE = True
 37
 38    EXPRESSION_METADATA = EXPRESSION_METADATA.copy()
 39
 40    # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/en/sql-reference/functions/initcap
 41    INITCAP_DEFAULT_DELIMITER_CHARS = ' \t\n\r\f\v!?@"^#$&~_,.:;+\\-*%/|\\[\\](){}<>'
 42
 43    INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING = {
 44        "T": "T",  # in TIME_MAPPING we map '"T"' with the double quotes to 'T', and we want to prevent 'T' from being mapped back to '"T"' so that 'AUTO' doesn't become 'AU"T"O'
 45    }
 46
 47    TIME_MAPPING = {
 48        "YYYY": "%Y",
 49        "yyyy": "%Y",
 50        "YY": "%y",
 51        "yy": "%y",
 52        "MMMM": "%B",
 53        "mmmm": "%B",
 54        "MON": "%b",
 55        "mon": "%b",
 56        "MM": "%m",
 57        "mm": "%m",
 58        "DD": "%d",
 59        "dd": "%-d",
 60        "DY": "%a",
 61        "dy": "%w",
 62        "HH24": "%H",
 63        "hh24": "%H",
 64        "HH12": "%I",
 65        "hh12": "%I",
 66        "MI": "%M",
 67        "mi": "%M",
 68        "SS": "%S",
 69        "ss": "%S",
 70        "FF": "%f_nine",  # %f_ internal representation with precision specified
 71        "ff": "%f_nine",
 72        "FF0": "%f_zero",
 73        "ff0": "%f_zero",
 74        "FF1": "%f_one",
 75        "ff1": "%f_one",
 76        "FF2": "%f_two",
 77        "ff2": "%f_two",
 78        "FF3": "%f_three",
 79        "ff3": "%f_three",
 80        "FF4": "%f_four",
 81        "ff4": "%f_four",
 82        "FF5": "%f_five",
 83        "ff5": "%f_five",
 84        "FF6": "%f",
 85        "ff6": "%f",
 86        "FF7": "%f_seven",
 87        "ff7": "%f_seven",
 88        "FF8": "%f_eight",
 89        "ff8": "%f_eight",
 90        "FF9": "%f_nine",
 91        "ff9": "%f_nine",
 92        "TZHTZM": "%z",
 93        "tzhtzm": "%z",
 94        "TZH:TZM": "%:z",  # internal representation for ±HH:MM
 95        "tzh:tzm": "%:z",
 96        "TZH": "%-z",  # internal representation ±HH
 97        "tzh": "%-z",
 98        '"T"': "T",  # remove the optional double quotes around the separator between the date and time
 99        # Seems like Snowflake treats AM/PM in the format string as equivalent,
100        # only the time (stamp) value's AM/PM affects the output
101        "AM": "%p",
102        "am": "%p",
103        "PM": "%p",
104        "pm": "%p",
105    }
106
107    DATE_PART_MAPPING = {
108        **Dialect.DATE_PART_MAPPING,
109        "ISOWEEK": "WEEKISO",
110        # The base Dialect maps EPOCH_SECOND -> EPOCH, but we need to preserve
111        # EPOCH_SECOND as a distinct value for two reasons:
112        # 1. Type annotation: EPOCH_SECOND returns BIGINT, while EPOCH returns DOUBLE
113        # 2. Transpilation: DuckDB's EPOCH() returns float, so we cast EPOCH_SECOND
114        #    to BIGINT to match Snowflake's integer behavior
115        # Without this override, EXTRACT(EPOCH_SECOND FROM ts) would be normalized
116        # to EXTRACT(EPOCH FROM ts) and lose the integer semantics.
117        "EPOCH_SECOND": "EPOCH_SECOND",
118        "EPOCH_SECONDS": "EPOCH_SECOND",
119    }
120
121    PSEUDOCOLUMNS = {"LEVEL"}
122
123    def can_quote(self, identifier: exp.Identifier, identify: str | bool = "safe") -> bool:
124        # This disables quoting DUAL in SELECT ... FROM DUAL, because Snowflake treats an
125        # unquoted DUAL keyword in a special way and does not map it to a user-defined table
126        return super().can_quote(identifier, identify) and not (
127            isinstance(identifier.parent, exp.Table)
128            and not identifier.quoted
129            and identifier.name.lower() == "dual"
130        )
131
132    class JSONPathTokenizer(jsonpath.JSONPathTokenizer):
133        SINGLE_TOKENS = jsonpath.JSONPathTokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS.copy()
134        SINGLE_TOKENS.pop("$")
135
136    Parser = SnowflakeParser
137
138    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
139        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
140        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
141        RAW_STRINGS = ["$$"]
142        COMMENTS = ["--", "//", ("/*", "*/")]
143        NESTED_COMMENTS = False
144
145        KEYWORDS = {
146            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
147            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
148            "FILE://": TokenType.URI_START,
149            "FILE FORMAT": TokenType.FILE_FORMAT,
150            "GET": TokenType.GET,
151            "INTEGRATION": TokenType.INTEGRATION,
152            "MATCH_CONDITION": TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
153            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
154            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
155            "NCHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
156            "PACKAGE": TokenType.PACKAGE,
157            "POLICY": TokenType.POLICY,
158            "POOL": TokenType.POOL,
159            "PUT": TokenType.PUT,
160            "UNDROP": TokenType.UNDROP,
161            "REMOVE": TokenType.COMMAND,
162            "RM": TokenType.COMMAND,
163            "ROLE": TokenType.ROLE,
164            "RULE": TokenType.RULE,
165            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
166            "SEMANTIC VIEW": TokenType.SEMANTIC_VIEW,
167            "SQL_DOUBLE": TokenType.DOUBLE,
168            "SQL_VARCHAR": TokenType.VARCHAR,
169            "STAGE": TokenType.STAGE,
170            "STORAGE INTEGRATION": TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION,
171            "STREAMLIT": TokenType.STREAMLIT,
172            "TAG": TokenType.TAG,
173            "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
174            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
175            "VOLUME": TokenType.VOLUME,
176            "WAREHOUSE": TokenType.WAREHOUSE,
177            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-numeric#float
178            # FLOAT is a synonym for DOUBLE in Snowflake
179            "FLOAT": TokenType.DOUBLE,
180        }
181        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
182
183        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
184            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
185            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
186            "!": TokenType.EXCLAMATION,
187        }
188
189        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}
190
191        COMMANDS = tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS - {TokenType.SHOW}
192
193    Generator = SnowflakeGenerator
NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = <NormalizationStrategy.UPPERCASE: 'UPPERCASE'>

Specifies the strategy according to which identifiers should be normalized.

UNESCAPED_SEQUENCES: dict[str, str] = {'\\a': 'a', '\\b': '\x08', '\\f': '\x0c', '\\n': '\n', '\\r': '\r', '\\t': '\t', '\\v': 'v', '\\\\': '\\'}

Mapping of an escaped sequence (\n) to its unescaped version ( ).

NULL_ORDERING = 'nulls_are_large'

Default NULL ordering method to use if not explicitly set. Possible values: "nulls_are_small", "nulls_are_large", "nulls_are_last"

TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'"
SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False

Whether user-defined data types are supported.

PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN = True

Some dialects, such as Snowflake, allow you to reference a CTE column alias in the HAVING clause of the CTE. This flag will cause the CTE alias columns to override any projection aliases in the subquery.

For example, WITH y(c) AS ( SELECT SUM(a) FROM (SELECT 1 a) AS x HAVING c > 0 ) SELECT c FROM y;

will be rewritten as

WITH y(c) AS (
    SELECT SUM(a) AS c FROM (SELECT 1 AS a) AS x HAVING c > 0
) SELECT c FROM y;
SUPPORTS_POSITIONAL_COLUMN_REFS = True

Whether qualified $N references the Nth column of their source.

TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True

Whether a size in the table sample clause represents percentage.

COPY_PARAMS_ARE_CSV = False

Whether COPY statement parameters are separated by comma or whitespace

ARRAY_AGG_INCLUDES_NULLS: bool | None = None

Whether ArrayAgg needs to filter NULL values.

ARRAY_FUNCS_PROPAGATES_NULLS = True

Whether Array update functions return NULL when the input array is NULL.

ALTER_TABLE_ADD_REQUIRED_FOR_EACH_COLUMN = False
TRY_CAST_REQUIRES_STRING: bool | None = True
SUPPORTS_ALIAS_REFS_IN_JOIN_CONDITIONS = True

Whether alias references are allowed in JOIN ... ON clauses.

Most dialects do not support this, but Snowflake allows alias expansion in the JOIN ... ON clause (and almost everywhere else)

For example, in Snowflake: SELECT a.id AS user_id FROM a JOIN b ON user_id = b.id -- VALID

Reference: sqlglot.dialects.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/sql/select#usage-notes">https://docssqlglot.dialects.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/sql/select#usage-notes

LEAST_GREATEST_IGNORES_NULLS = False

Whether LEAST/GREATEST functions ignore NULL values, e.g:

  • BigQuery, Snowflake, MySQL, Presto/Trino: LEAST(1, NULL, 2) -> NULL
  • Spark, Postgres, DuckDB, TSQL: LEAST(1, NULL, 2) -> 1
UUID_IS_STRING_TYPE: bool = True

Whether a UUID is considered a string or a UUID type.

STAR_ILIKE_BACKSLASH_ESCAPE = True

Whether a backslash in a SELECT * ILIKE '<pattern>' filter escapes the following character, so that e.g. \_ matches a literal underscore (Snowflake). When False, backslashes in the pattern are matched literally (DuckDB).

EXPRESSION_METADATA = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Add'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Adjacent'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.And'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayContainedBy'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayContains'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayContainsAll'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayOverlaps'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayPosition'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Binary'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseAnd'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseLeftShift'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseOr'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseRightShift'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseXor'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Collate'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Connector'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Corr'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.DPipe'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Distance'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.DistanceNd'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Div'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Dot'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.EQ'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Escape'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.ExtendsLeft'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.ExtendsRight'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.GT'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.GTE'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Glob'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.ILike'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.IntDiv'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Is'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONArrayContains'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBContains'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBContainsAllTopKeys'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBContainsAnyTopKeys'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBContainsTopKey'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBDeleteAtPath'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBExtract'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBExtractScalar'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBPathExists'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONExtract'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONExtractScalar'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Kwarg'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.LT'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.LTE'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Like'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Match'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Mod'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Mul'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.NEQ'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.NestedJSONSelect'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.NullSafeEQ'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.NullSafeNEQ'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Operator'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Or'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Overlaps'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Pow'>: {'annotator': <function _annotate_math_with_float_decfloat>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.PropertyEQ'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.RegexpFullMatch'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.RegexpILike'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.RegexpLike'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.SimilarTo'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Sub'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Xor'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Alias'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseNot'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.IgnoreNulls'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Neg'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Not'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Paren'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.PivotAlias'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.RespectNulls'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Unary'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.DenseRank'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.RowNumber'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixSeconds'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArraySize'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixMillis'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Int64'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixMicros'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.ApproxDistinct'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.CountIf'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Rank'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Ntile'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.FromBase64'>: {'returns': <DType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.FromBase32'>: {'returns': <DType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.IsNan'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.IsInf'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Any'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.EndsWith'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.StartsWith'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Between'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.All'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Boolean'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.LogicalOr'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Contains'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.LogicalAnd'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Exists'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.In'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.CurrentDate'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeStrToDate'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DiToDate'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TsOrDsToDate'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.LastDay'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.StrToDate'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateFromParts'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateStrToDate'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Date'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 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'sqlglot.expressions.array.StrtokToArray'>: {'returns': <DType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.BitmapBucketNumber'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.GroupingId'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.BitmapBitPosition'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.MD5NumberUpper64'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Seq8'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.MD5NumberLower64'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.BitmapCount'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Factorial'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Zipf'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.EncryptRaw'>: {'returns': <DType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.SHA1Digest'>: {'returns': <DType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Encrypt'>: {'returns': <DType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.SHA2Digest'>: {'returns': <DType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.ToBinary'>: {'returns': <DType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Base64DecodeBinary'>: {'returns': <DType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.DecompressBinary'>: {'returns': <DType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.DecryptRaw'>: {'returns': <DType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.BitmapOrAgg'>: {'returns': <DType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.MD5Digest'>: {'returns': <DType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Decrypt'>: {'returns': <DType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.TryHexDecodeBinary'>: {'returns': <DType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Unhex'>: {'returns': <DType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Compress'>: {'returns': <DType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.BitmapConstructAgg'>: {'returns': <DType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.TryBase64DecodeBinary'>: {'returns': <DType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.SearchIp'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.EqualNull'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.BoolxorAgg'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Search'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Boolor'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.IsNullValue'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Boolnot'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Booland'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.ToBoolean'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.MapContainsKey'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.NextDay'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.PreviousDay'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.BitwiseAndAgg'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.BitwiseOrAgg'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.BitwiseXorAgg'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.RegexpCount'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.RegexpInstr'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.ToNumber'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.EuclideanDistance'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.MonthsBetween'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Normal'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.ApproxPercentileEstimate'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.DotProduct'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.CosineDistance'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.ApproximateSimilarity'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.ManhattanDistance'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.TryToDecfloat'>: {'returns': <DType.DECFLOAT: 'DECFLOAT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.ToDecfloat'>: {'returns': <DType.DECFLOAT: 'DECFLOAT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.RegrSlope'>: {'annotator': <function _annotate_math_with_float_decfloat>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.RegrIntercept'>: {'annotator': <function _annotate_math_with_float_decfloat>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.RegrAvgy'>: {'annotator': <function _annotate_math_with_float_decfloat>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.RegrValy'>: {'annotator': <function _annotate_math_with_float_decfloat>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Atan2'>: {'annotator': <function _annotate_math_with_float_decfloat>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.RegrSyy'>: {'annotator': <function _annotate_math_with_float_decfloat>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.RegrSxx'>: {'annotator': <function _annotate_math_with_float_decfloat>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.RegrR2'>: {'annotator': <function _annotate_math_with_float_decfloat>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.RegrCount'>: {'annotator': <function _annotate_math_with_float_decfloat>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.RegrAvgx'>: {'annotator': <function _annotate_math_with_float_decfloat>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.RegrValx'>: {'annotator': <function _annotate_math_with_float_decfloat>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.RegrSxy'>: {'annotator': <function _annotate_math_with_float_decfloat>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.JarowinklerSimilarity'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.MapSize'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Minute'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.RtrimmedLength'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Seq4'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Second'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Seq2'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Seq1'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.ByteLength'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Grouping'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.WidthBucket'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.XMLGet'>: {'returns': <DType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.ApproxTopKAccumulate'>: {'returns': <DType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.ApproxPercentileCombine'>: {'returns': <DType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.ParseIp'>: {'returns': <DType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.ObjectAgg'>: {'returns': <DType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.ApproxPercentileAccumulate'>: {'returns': <DType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.ParseUrl'>: {'returns': <DType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.ApproxTopKCombine'>: {'returns': <DType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.MapDelete'>: {'returns': <DType.MAP: 'MAP'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.MapInsert'>: {'returns': <DType.MAP: 'MAP'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.MapPick'>: {'returns': <DType.MAP: 'MAP'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.MapCat'>: {'returns': <DType.MAP: 'MAP'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.ToFile'>: {'returns': <DType.FILE: 'FILE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TsOrDsToTime'>: {'returns': <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeFromParts'>: {'returns': <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Localtimestamp'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.AIAgg'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.RegexpReplace'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.CheckJson'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentAccountName'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.RegexpExtract'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentStatement'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.TryHexDecodeString'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentSecondaryRoles'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.SplitPart'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Base64Encode'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.SoundexP123'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.DecompressString'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentOrganizationUser'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.AIClassify'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Replace'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentIpAddress'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentWarehouse'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentClient'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Hex'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.AISummarizeAgg'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Collation'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Uuid'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentAvailableRoles'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentTransaction'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentAccount'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentSession'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Strtok'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Soundex'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentSchemas'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentRoleType'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.TryBase64DecodeString'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Randstr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Base64DecodeString'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentRegion'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentOrganizationName'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentDatabase'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.HexDecodeString'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CheckXml'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.MinhashCombine'>: {'returns': <DType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Minhash'>: {'returns': <DType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.ArgMax'>: {'annotator': <function _annotate_arg_max_min>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.ArgMin'>: {'annotator': <function _annotate_arg_max_min>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.ConvertTimezone'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.DecodeCase'>: {'annotator': <function _annotate_decode_case>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.HashAgg'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Median'>: {'annotator': <function _annotate_median>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Reverse'>: {'annotator': <function _annotate_reverse>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimestampFromParts'>: {'annotator': <function _annotate_timestamp_from_parts>}}
INITCAP_DEFAULT_DELIMITER_CHARS = ' \t\n\r\x0c\x0b!?@"^#$&~_,.:;+\\-*%/|\\[\\](){}<>'
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'%Y': 'yyyy', '%y': 'yy', '%B': 'mmmm', '%b': 'mon', '%m': 'mm', '%d': 'DD', '%-d': 'dd', '%a': 'DY', '%w': 'dy', '%H': 'hh24', '%I': 'hh12', '%M': 'mi', '%S': 'ss', '%f_nine': 'ff9', '%f_zero': 'ff0', '%f_one': 'ff1', '%f_two': 'ff2', '%f_three': 'ff3', '%f_four': 'ff4', '%f_five': 'ff5', '%f': 'ff6', '%f_seven': 'ff7', '%f_eight': 'ff8', '%z': 'tzhtzm', '%:z': 'tzh:tzm', '%-z': 'tzh', 'T': 'T', '%p': 'pm', '%mstrict': 'mm', '%dstrict': 'DD', '%Hstrict': 'hh24', '%Istrict': 'hh12', '%Mstrict': 'mi', '%Sstrict': 'ss'}
TIME_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'YYYY': '%Y', 'yyyy': '%Y', 'YY': '%y', 'yy': '%y', 'MMMM': '%B', 'mmmm': '%B', 'MON': '%b', 'mon': '%b', 'MM': '%m', 'mm': '%m', 'DD': '%d', 'dd': '%-d', 'DY': '%a', 'dy': '%w', 'HH24': '%H', 'hh24': '%H', 'HH12': '%I', 'hh12': '%I', 'MI': '%M', 'mi': '%M', 'SS': '%S', 'ss': '%S', 'FF': '%f_nine', 'ff': '%f_nine', 'FF0': '%f_zero', 'ff0': '%f_zero', 'FF1': '%f_one', 'ff1': '%f_one', 'FF2': '%f_two', 'ff2': '%f_two', 'FF3': '%f_three', 'ff3': '%f_three', 'FF4': '%f_four', 'ff4': '%f_four', 'FF5': '%f_five', 'ff5': '%f_five', 'FF6': '%f', 'ff6': '%f', 'FF7': '%f_seven', 'ff7': '%f_seven', 'FF8': '%f_eight', 'ff8': '%f_eight', 'FF9': '%f_nine', 'ff9': '%f_nine', 'TZHTZM': '%z', 'tzhtzm': '%z', 'TZH:TZM': '%:z', 'tzh:tzm': '%:z', 'TZH': '%-z', 'tzh': '%-z', '"T"': 'T', 'AM': '%p', 'am': '%p', 'PM': '%p', 'pm': '%p'}

Associates this dialect's time formats with their equivalent Python strftime formats.

DATE_PART_MAPPING = {'Y': 'YEAR', 'YY': 'YEAR', 'YYY': 'YEAR', 'YYYY': 'YEAR', 'YR': 'YEAR', 'YEARS': 'YEAR', 'YRS': 'YEAR', 'MM': 'MONTH', 'MON': 'MONTH', 'MONS': 'MONTH', 'MONTHS': 'MONTH', 'D': 'DAY', 'DD': 'DAY', 'DAYS': 'DAY', 'DAYOFMONTH': 'DAY', 'DAY OF WEEK': 'DAYOFWEEK', 'WEEKDAY': 'DAYOFWEEK', 'DOW': 'DAYOFWEEK', 'DW': 'DAYOFWEEK', 'WEEKDAY_ISO': 'DAYOFWEEKISO', 'DOW_ISO': 'DAYOFWEEKISO', 'DW_ISO': 'DAYOFWEEKISO', 'DAYOFWEEK_ISO': 'DAYOFWEEKISO', 'DAY OF YEAR': 'DAYOFYEAR', 'DOY': 'DAYOFYEAR', 'DY': 'DAYOFYEAR', 'W': 'WEEK', 'WK': 'WEEK', 'WEEKOFYEAR': 'WEEK', 'WOY': 'WEEK', 'WY': 'WEEK', 'WEEK_ISO': 'WEEKISO', 'WEEKOFYEARISO': 'WEEKISO', 'WEEKOFYEAR_ISO': 'WEEKISO', 'Q': 'QUARTER', 'QTR': 'QUARTER', 'QTRS': 'QUARTER', 'QUARTERS': 'QUARTER', 'H': 'HOUR', 'HH': 'HOUR', 'HR': 'HOUR', 'HOURS': 'HOUR', 'HRS': 'HOUR', 'M': 'MINUTE', 'MI': 'MINUTE', 'MIN': 'MINUTE', 'MINUTES': 'MINUTE', 'MINS': 'MINUTE', 'S': 'SECOND', 'SEC': 'SECOND', 'SECONDS': 'SECOND', 'SECS': 'SECOND', 'MS': 'MILLISECOND', 'MSEC': 'MILLISECOND', 'MSECS': 'MILLISECOND', 'MSECOND': 'MILLISECOND', 'MSECONDS': 'MILLISECOND', 'MILLISEC': 'MILLISECOND', 'MILLISECS': 'MILLISECOND', 'MILLISECON': 'MILLISECOND', 'MILLISECONDS': 'MILLISECOND', 'US': 'MICROSECOND', 'USEC': 'MICROSECOND', 'USECS': 'MICROSECOND', 'MICROSEC': 'MICROSECOND', 'MICROSECS': 'MICROSECOND', 'USECOND': 'MICROSECOND', 'USECONDS': 'MICROSECOND', 'MICROSECONDS': 'MICROSECOND', 'NS': 'NANOSECOND', 'NSEC': 'NANOSECOND', 'NANOSEC': 'NANOSECOND', 'NSECOND': 'NANOSECOND', 'NSECONDS': 'NANOSECOND', 'NANOSECS': 'NANOSECOND', 'EPOCH_SECOND': 'EPOCH_SECOND', 'EPOCH_SECONDS': 'EPOCH_SECOND', 'EPOCH_MILLISECONDS': 'EPOCH_MILLISECOND', 'EPOCH_MICROSECONDS': 'EPOCH_MICROSECOND', 'EPOCH_NANOSECONDS': 'EPOCH_NANOSECOND', 'TZH': 'TIMEZONE_HOUR', 'TZM': 'TIMEZONE_MINUTE', 'DEC': 'DECADE', 'DECS': 'DECADE', 'DECADES': 'DECADE', 'MIL': 'MILLENNIUM', 'MILS': 'MILLENNIUM', 'MILLENIA': 'MILLENNIUM', 'C': 'CENTURY', 'CENT': 'CENTURY', 'CENTS': 'CENTURY', 'CENTURIES': 'CENTURY', 'ISOWEEK': 'WEEKISO'}
PSEUDOCOLUMNS: set[str] = {'LEVEL'}

Columns that are auto-generated by the engine corresponding to this dialect. For example, such columns may be excluded from SELECT * queries.

def can_quote( self, identifier: sqlglot.expressions.core.Identifier, identify: str | bool = 'safe') -> bool:
123    def can_quote(self, identifier: exp.Identifier, identify: str | bool = "safe") -> bool:
124        # This disables quoting DUAL in SELECT ... FROM DUAL, because Snowflake treats an
125        # unquoted DUAL keyword in a special way and does not map it to a user-defined table
126        return super().can_quote(identifier, identify) and not (
127            isinstance(identifier.parent, exp.Table)
128            and not identifier.quoted
129            and identifier.name.lower() == "dual"
130        )

Checks if an identifier can be quoted

Arguments:
  • identifier: The identifier to check.
  • identify: True: Always returns True except for certain cases. "safe": Only returns True if the identifier is case-insensitive. "unsafe": Only returns True if the identifier is case-sensitive.
Returns:

Whether the given text can be identified.

SUPPORTS_COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS = False

Whether the old-style outer join (+) syntax is supported.

STRINGS_SUPPORT_ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: bool = True

Whether string literals support escape sequences (e.g. \n). Set by the metaclass based on the tokenizer's STRING_ESCAPES.

BYTE_STRINGS_SUPPORT_ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: bool = True

Whether byte string literals support escape sequences. Set by the metaclass based on the tokenizer's BYTE_STRING_ESCAPES.

tokenizer_class = <class 'Snowflake.Tokenizer'>
jsonpath_tokenizer_class = <class 'Snowflake.JSONPathTokenizer'>
TIME_TRIE: dict = {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'y': {'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'm': {'m': {'m': {'m': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'o': {'n': {0: True}}, 'i': {0: True}}, 'D': {'D': {0: True}, 'Y': {0: True}}, 'd': {'d': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'h': {'h': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}, 's': {'s': {0: True}}, 'F': {'F': {0: True, '0': {0: True}, '1': {0: True}, '2': {0: True}, '3': {0: True}, '4': {0: True}, '5': {0: True}, '6': {0: True}, '7': {0: True}, '8': {0: True}, '9': {0: True}}}, 'f': {'f': {0: True, '0': {0: True}, '1': {0: True}, '2': {0: True}, '3': {0: True}, '4': {0: True}, '5': {0: True}, '6': {0: True}, '7': {0: True}, '8': {0: True}, '9': {0: True}}}, 'T': {'Z': {'H': {'T': {'Z': {'M': {0: True}}}, ':': {'T': {'Z': {'M': {0: True}}}}, 0: True}}}, 't': {'z': {'h': {'t': {'z': {'m': {0: True}}}, ':': {'t': {'z': {'m': {0: True}}}}, 0: True}}}, '"': {'T': {'"': {0: True}}}, 'A': {'M': {0: True}}, 'a': {'m': {0: True}}, 'P': {'M': {0: True}}, 'p': {'m': {0: True}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: dict = {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'y': {'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'm': {'m': {'m': {'m': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'o': {'n': {0: True}}, 'i': {0: True}}, 'D': {'D': {0: True}, 'Y': {0: True}}, 'd': {'d': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'h': {'h': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}, 's': {'s': {0: True}}, 'F': {'F': {0: True, '0': {0: True}, '1': {0: True}, '2': {0: True}, '3': {0: True}, '4': {0: True}, '5': {0: True}, '6': {0: True}, '7': {0: True}, '8': {0: True}, '9': {0: True}}}, 'f': {'f': {0: True, '0': {0: True}, '1': {0: True}, '2': {0: True}, '3': {0: True}, '4': {0: True}, '5': {0: True}, '6': {0: True}, '7': {0: True}, '8': {0: True}, '9': {0: True}}}, 'T': {'Z': {'H': {'T': {'Z': {'M': {0: True}}}, ':': {'T': {'Z': {'M': {0: True}}}}, 0: True}}}, 't': {'z': {'h': {'t': {'z': {'m': {0: True}}}, ':': {'t': {'z': {'m': {0: True}}}}, 0: True}}}, '"': {'T': {'"': {0: True}}}, 'A': {'M': {0: True}}, 'a': {'m': {0: True}}, 'P': {'M': {0: True}}, 'p': {'m': {0: True}}}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: dict = {'%': {'Y': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}, 'B': {0: True}, 'b': {0: True}, 'm': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'd': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, '-': {'d': {0: True}, 'z': {0: True}}, 'a': {0: True}, 'w': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'I': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'M': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'S': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'f': {'_': {'n': {'i': {'n': {'e': {0: True}}}}, 'z': {'e': {'r': {'o': {0: True}}}}, 'o': {'n': {'e': {0: True}}}, 't': {'w': {'o': {0: True}}, 'h': {'r': {'e': {'e': {0: True}}}}}, 'f': {'o': {'u': {'r': {0: True}}}, 'i': {'v': {'e': {0: True}}}}, 's': {'e': {'v': {'e': {'n': {0: True}}}}}, 'e': {'i': {'g': {'h': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}, 0: True}, 'z': {0: True}, ':': {'z': {0: True}}, 'p': {0: True}}, 'T': {0: True}}
INVERSE_FORMAT_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'%mstrict': '%m', '%dstrict': '%d', '%Hstrict': '%H', '%Istrict': '%I', '%Mstrict': '%M', '%Sstrict': '%S'}
INVERSE_FORMAT_TRIE: dict = {'%': {'m': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'd': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'H': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'I': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'M': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'S': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}}}
INVERSE_CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {}
ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: dict[str, str] = {'\x08': '\\b', '\x0c': '\\f', '\n': '\\n', '\r': '\\r', '\t': '\\t', '\\': '\\\\'}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '"'
IDENTIFIER_END = '"'
VALID_INTERVAL_UNITS: set[str] = {'MICROSECS', 'MINUTES', 'YEAR', 'WY', 'DAYOFMONTH', 'DOW', 'MONTH', 'MICROSECOND', 'TIMEZONE_MINUTE', 'EPOCH_MICROSECONDS', 'MINUTE', 'DAYOFWEEK_ISO', 'TZH', 'Y', 'DW', 'WEEK', 'MM', 'DAYOFWEEK', 'QUARTER', 'MSEC', 'NSEC', 'M', 'USECS', 'NANOSECS', 'WEEKDAY', 'DW_ISO', 'MONTHS', 'D', 'MINS', 'DY', 'DAYOFYEAR', 'WK', 'HH', 'MS', 'TIMEZONE_HOUR', 'MIL', 'S', 'YYYY', 'DECADES', 'MON', 'NANOSECOND', 'WEEKOFYEAR', 'HOUR', 'TZM', 'MILLENNIUM', 'SECONDS', 'DOW_ISO', 'DAY OF WEEK', 'USECOND', 'ISOWEEK', 'H', 'MILLISECON', 'QTRS', 'MILLISECS', 'DOY', 'SECOND', 'EPOCH_MILLISECOND', 'HRS', 'DEC', 'EPOCH_SECONDS', 'YYY', 'YY', 'YRS', 'MSECONDS', 'SEC', 'USEC', 'MILLISECOND', 'HOURS', 'DAY OF YEAR', 'MILLISEC', 'C', 'MSECOND', 'WEEKDAY_ISO', 'EPOCH_NANOSECOND', 'NANOSEC', 'SECS', 'CENTURY', 'MILS', 'US', 'WEEKOFYEAR_ISO', 'WEEKOFYEARISO', 'QUARTERS', 'YR', 'EPOCH', 'EPOCH_MILLISECONDS', 'MONS', 'MILLISECONDS', 'MICROSECONDS', 'MI', 'WEEK_ISO', 'MIN', 'MILLENIA', 'WOY', 'CENTS', 'EPOCH_MICROSECOND', 'DAYS', 'MSECS', 'CENT', 'W', 'MICROSEC', 'HR', 'NS', 'DD', 'EPOCH_NANOSECONDS', 'DECADE', 'NSECONDS', 'DAY', 'DECS', 'DAYOFWEEKISO', 'USECONDS', 'YEARS', 'NSECOND', 'CENTURIES', 'WEEKISO', 'QTR', 'Q', 'EPOCH_SECOND'}
BIT_START: str | None = None
BIT_END: str | None = None
HEX_START: str | None = "x'"
HEX_END: str | None = "'"
BYTE_START: str | None = None
BYTE_END: str | None = None
UNICODE_START: str | None = None
UNICODE_END: str | None = None
class Snowflake.JSONPathTokenizer(sqlglot.jsonpath.JSONPathTokenizer):
132    class JSONPathTokenizer(jsonpath.JSONPathTokenizer):
133        SINGLE_TOKENS = jsonpath.JSONPathTokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS.copy()
134        SINGLE_TOKENS.pop("$")
SINGLE_TOKENS = {'(': <TokenType.L_PAREN: 1>, ')': <TokenType.R_PAREN: 2>, '[': <TokenType.L_BRACKET: 3>, ']': <TokenType.R_BRACKET: 4>, ':': <TokenType.COLON: 11>, ',': <TokenType.COMMA: 7>, '-': <TokenType.DASH: 9>, '.': <TokenType.DOT: 8>, '?': <TokenType.PLACEHOLDER: 356>, '@': <TokenType.PARAMETER: 58>, "'": <TokenType.QUOTE: 369>, '"': <TokenType.QUOTE: 369>, '*': <TokenType.STAR: 20>}
BYTE_STRING_ESCAPES: ClassVar[list[str]] = ['\\']
class Snowflake.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer):
138    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
139        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
140        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
141        RAW_STRINGS = ["$$"]
142        COMMENTS = ["--", "//", ("/*", "*/")]
143        NESTED_COMMENTS = False
144
145        KEYWORDS = {
146            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
147            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
148            "FILE://": TokenType.URI_START,
149            "FILE FORMAT": TokenType.FILE_FORMAT,
150            "GET": TokenType.GET,
151            "INTEGRATION": TokenType.INTEGRATION,
152            "MATCH_CONDITION": TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
153            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
154            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
155            "NCHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
156            "PACKAGE": TokenType.PACKAGE,
157            "POLICY": TokenType.POLICY,
158            "POOL": TokenType.POOL,
159            "PUT": TokenType.PUT,
160            "UNDROP": TokenType.UNDROP,
161            "REMOVE": TokenType.COMMAND,
162            "RM": TokenType.COMMAND,
163            "ROLE": TokenType.ROLE,
164            "RULE": TokenType.RULE,
165            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
166            "SEMANTIC VIEW": TokenType.SEMANTIC_VIEW,
167            "SQL_DOUBLE": TokenType.DOUBLE,
168            "SQL_VARCHAR": TokenType.VARCHAR,
169            "STAGE": TokenType.STAGE,
170            "STORAGE INTEGRATION": TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION,
171            "STREAMLIT": TokenType.STREAMLIT,
172            "TAG": TokenType.TAG,
173            "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
174            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
175            "VOLUME": TokenType.VOLUME,
176            "WAREHOUSE": TokenType.WAREHOUSE,
177            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-numeric#float
178            # FLOAT is a synonym for DOUBLE in Snowflake
179            "FLOAT": TokenType.DOUBLE,
180        }
181        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
182
183        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
184            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
185            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
186            "!": TokenType.EXCLAMATION,
187        }
188
189        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}
190
191        COMMANDS = tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS - {TokenType.SHOW}
STRING_ESCAPES = ['\\', "'"]
HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
RAW_STRINGS = ['$$']
COMMENTS = ['--', '//', ('/*', '*/')]
NESTED_COMMENTS = False
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '&<': <TokenType.AMP_LT: 63>, '&>': <TokenType.AMP_GT: 64>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 28>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 14>, '?::': <TokenType.QDCOLON: 370>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 37>, '|>': <TokenType.PIPE_GT: 38>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 26>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 24>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 29>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 29>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 31>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 30>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 45>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 46>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 47>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 49>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 50>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 51>, '<<->>': <TokenType.LLRR_ARROW: 52>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 62>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 18>, '~~~': <TokenType.GLOB: 287>, '~~': <TokenType.LIKE: 318>, '~~*': <TokenType.ILIKE: 295>, '~*': <TokenType.IRLIKE: 307>, '-|-': <TokenType.ADJACENT: 65>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 220>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 34>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 221>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 222>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 225>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 218>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 226>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 228>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 228>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.BEGIN: 229>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 230>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 232>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 414>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 233>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 235>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 236>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 81>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 239>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 240>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 241>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COPY: 242>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 243>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 244>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 245>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 246>, 'CURRENT_SCHEMA': <TokenType.CURRENT_SCHEMA: 248>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 249>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 250>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 251>, 'CURRENT_CATALOG': <TokenType.CURRENT_CATALOG: 254>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 80>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 256>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 257>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 258>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 259>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 262>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 263>, 'DIV': <TokenType.DIV: 264>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 265>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 266>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 267>, 'ENUM': <TokenType.ENUM: 205>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 268>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 269>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 270>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 271>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 272>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 273>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 276>, 'FILE': <TokenType.FILE: 274>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 278>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 284>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 285>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 279>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 281>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 282>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 283>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 172>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 175>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 287>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 290>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 291>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 292>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 295>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 296>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 297>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 200>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 299>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 300>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 304>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 303>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 305>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 308>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 309>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 310>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 312>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 314>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 316>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 317>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 318>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 319>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 321>, 'LOCALTIME': <TokenType.LOCALTIME: 179>, 'LOCALTIMESTAMP': <TokenType.LOCALTIMESTAMP: 180>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 322>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 328>, 'NAMESPACE': <TokenType.NAMESPACE: 440>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 331>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 332>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 27>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 334>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 335>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 199>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 337>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 338>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 35>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 66>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 341>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 344>, 'OUT': <TokenType.OUT: 345>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 347>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 348>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 349>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 350>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 352>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 353>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 353>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 353>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 354>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 355>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 360>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 362>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 363>, 'OPERATOR': <TokenType.OPERATOR: 340>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 368>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 371>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 372>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 380>, 'RENAME': <TokenType.RENAME: 374>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 375>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 376>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 378>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 379>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 380>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 382>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 383>, 'ROW': <TokenType.ROW: 384>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 385>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 83>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 387>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 388>, 'SESSION': <TokenType.SESSION: 59>, 'SESSION_USER': <TokenType.SESSION_USER: 61>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 392>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 393>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 394>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 395>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 396>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 397>, 'SQL SECURITY': <TokenType.SQL_SECURITY: 399>, 'STRAIGHT_JOIN': <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 402>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 84>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 405>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 407>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 407>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 409>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 410>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 411>, 'TRIGGER': <TokenType.TRIGGER: 412>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 416>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 214>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 417>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 418>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 419>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 420>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 421>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 171>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 422>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 424>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 426>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 428>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 429>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 430>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 431>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 223>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 224>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 97>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 98>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 98>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 103>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 110>, 'UHUGEINT': <TokenType.UINT128: 111>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 110>, 'INT256': <TokenType.INT256: 112>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'INT8': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'UINT': <TokenType.UINT: 106>, 'UINT128': <TokenType.UINT128: 111>, 'UINT256': <TokenType.UINT256: 113>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'DECIMAL32': <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 118>, 'DECIMAL64': <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 119>, 'DECIMAL128': <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 120>, 'DECIMAL256': <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 121>, 'DECFLOAT': <TokenType.DECFLOAT: 122>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 124>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 124>, 'BIGNUM': <TokenType.BIGNUM: 109>, 'LIST': <TokenType.LIST: 320>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 323>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 174>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 114>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 115>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 114>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 115>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 115>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 115>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 141>, 'JSONB': <TokenType.JSONB: 142>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 125>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 125>, 'CHAR VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'CHARACTER VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 126>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 128>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 128>, 'BPCHAR': <TokenType.BPCHAR: 129>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 132>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 131>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 137>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 139>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 140>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 135>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 134>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 136>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 140>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 140>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 143>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 144>, 'TIME_NS': <TokenType.TIME_NS: 145>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 146>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 147>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 148>, 'TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 148>, 'TIMESTAMPNTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 149>, 'TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 149>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 157>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 153>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 159>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 160>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 161>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 162>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 163>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 164>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 165>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 166>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 167>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 168>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 169>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 170>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 432>, 'VECTOR': <TokenType.VECTOR: 215>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 403>, 'SEQUENCE': <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 390>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 198>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 219>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.ANALYZE: 439>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 238>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.GRANT: 289>, 'REVOKE': <TokenType.REVOKE: 377>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 193>, 'BYTEINT': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'FILE://': <TokenType.URI_START: 72>, 'FILE FORMAT': <TokenType.FILE_FORMAT: 275>, 'GET': <TokenType.GET: 286>, 'INTEGRATION': <TokenType.INTEGRATION: 302>, 'MATCH_CONDITION': <TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION: 325>, 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE': <TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE: 326>, 'MINUS': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 269>, 'NCHAR VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'PACKAGE': <TokenType.PACKAGE: 351>, 'POLICY': <TokenType.POLICY: 357>, 'POOL': <TokenType.POOL: 358>, 'PUT': <TokenType.PUT: 367>, 'UNDROP': <TokenType.UNDROP: 415>, 'REMOVE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'RM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'ROLE': <TokenType.ROLE: 381>, 'RULE': <TokenType.RULE: 386>, 'SAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 405>, 'SEMANTIC VIEW': <TokenType.SEMANTIC_VIEW: 425>, 'SQL_DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 115>, 'SQL_VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'STAGE': <TokenType.STAGE: 86>, 'STORAGE INTEGRATION': <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 401>, 'STREAMLIT': <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 88>, 'TAG': <TokenType.TAG: 406>, 'TIMESTAMP_TZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 147>, 'TOP': <TokenType.TOP: 408>, 'VOLUME': <TokenType.VOLUME: 427>, 'WAREHOUSE': <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 85>}
SINGLE_TOKENS = {'(': <TokenType.L_PAREN: 1>, ')': <TokenType.R_PAREN: 2>, '[': <TokenType.L_BRACKET: 3>, ']': <TokenType.R_BRACKET: 4>, '{': <TokenType.L_BRACE: 5>, '}': <TokenType.R_BRACE: 6>, '&': <TokenType.AMP: 36>, '^': <TokenType.CARET: 42>, ':': <TokenType.COLON: 11>, ',': <TokenType.COMMA: 7>, '.': <TokenType.DOT: 8>, '-': <TokenType.DASH: 9>, '=': <TokenType.EQ: 28>, '>': <TokenType.GT: 25>, '<': <TokenType.LT: 23>, '%': <TokenType.MOD: 329>, '!': <TokenType.EXCLAMATION: 71>, '|': <TokenType.PIPE: 39>, '+': <TokenType.PLUS: 10>, ';': <TokenType.SEMICOLON: 19>, '/': <TokenType.SLASH: 22>, '\\': <TokenType.BACKSLASH: 21>, '*': <TokenType.STAR: 20>, '~': <TokenType.TILDE: 44>, '?': <TokenType.PLACEHOLDER: 356>, '@': <TokenType.PARAMETER: 58>, '#': <TokenType.HASH: 48>, "'": <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 214>, '`': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 214>, '"': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 214>, '$': <TokenType.PARAMETER: 58>}
VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {'$'}
COMMANDS = {<TokenType.FETCH: 273>, <TokenType.RENAME: 374>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 270>}
BYTE_STRING_ESCAPES: ClassVar[list[str]] = ['\\', "'"]
class Solr(sqlglot.dialects.Dialect):
11class Solr(Dialect):
12    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE
13    DPIPE_IS_STRING_CONCAT = False
14
15    Generator = SolrGenerator
16
17    Parser = SolrParser
18
19    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
20        QUOTES = ["'"]
21        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = <NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE: 'CASE_INSENSITIVE'>

Specifies the strategy according to which identifiers should be normalized.

DPIPE_IS_STRING_CONCAT = False

Whether the DPIPE token (||) is a string concatenation operator.

Parser = <class 'sqlglot.parsers.solr.SolrParser'>
SUPPORTS_COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS = False

Whether the old-style outer join (+) syntax is supported.

STRINGS_SUPPORT_ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: bool = False

Whether string literals support escape sequences (e.g. \n). Set by the metaclass based on the tokenizer's STRING_ESCAPES.

BYTE_STRINGS_SUPPORT_ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: bool = False

Whether byte string literals support escape sequences. Set by the metaclass based on the tokenizer's BYTE_STRING_ESCAPES.

INITCAP_SUPPORTS_CUSTOM_DELIMITERS = False
tokenizer_class = <class 'Solr.Tokenizer'>
jsonpath_tokenizer_class = <class 'sqlglot.dialects.dialect.JSONPathTokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'sqlglot.parsers.solr.SolrParser'>
generator_class = <class 'sqlglot.generators.solr.SolrGenerator'>
TIME_TRIE: dict = {}
FORMAT_TRIE: dict = {}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'%mstrict': '%m', '%dstrict': '%d', '%Hstrict': '%H', '%Istrict': '%I', '%Mstrict': '%M', '%Sstrict': '%S'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: dict = {'%': {'m': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'd': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'H': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'I': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'M': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'S': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}}}
INVERSE_FORMAT_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'%mstrict': '%m', '%dstrict': '%d', '%Hstrict': '%H', '%Istrict': '%I', '%Mstrict': '%M', '%Sstrict': '%S'}
INVERSE_FORMAT_TRIE: dict = {'%': {'m': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'd': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'H': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'I': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'M': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'S': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}}}
INVERSE_CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {}
ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: dict[str, str] = {}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '`'
IDENTIFIER_END = '`'
VALID_INTERVAL_UNITS: set[str] = {'MICROSECS', 'MINUTES', 'YEAR', 'WY', 'DAYOFMONTH', 'DOW', 'MONTH', 'MICROSECOND', 'TIMEZONE_MINUTE', 'EPOCH_MICROSECONDS', 'MINUTE', 'DAYOFWEEK_ISO', 'TZH', 'Y', 'DW', 'WEEK', 'MM', 'DAYOFWEEK', 'QUARTER', 'MSEC', 'NSEC', 'M', 'USECS', 'NANOSECS', 'WEEKDAY', 'DW_ISO', 'MONTHS', 'D', 'MINS', 'DY', 'DAYOFYEAR', 'WK', 'HH', 'MS', 'TIMEZONE_HOUR', 'MIL', 'S', 'YYYY', 'DECADES', 'MON', 'NANOSECOND', 'WEEKOFYEAR', 'HOUR', 'TZM', 'MILLENNIUM', 'SECONDS', 'DOW_ISO', 'DAY OF WEEK', 'USECOND', 'H', 'MILLISECON', 'QTRS', 'MILLISECS', 'DOY', 'SECOND', 'EPOCH_MILLISECOND', 'HRS', 'DEC', 'EPOCH_SECONDS', 'YYY', 'YY', 'YRS', 'MSECONDS', 'SEC', 'USEC', 'MILLISECOND', 'HOURS', 'DAY OF YEAR', 'MILLISEC', 'C', 'MSECOND', 'WEEKDAY_ISO', 'EPOCH_NANOSECOND', 'NANOSEC', 'SECS', 'CENTURY', 'MILS', 'US', 'WEEKOFYEAR_ISO', 'WEEKOFYEARISO', 'QUARTERS', 'YR', 'EPOCH', 'EPOCH_MILLISECONDS', 'MONS', 'MILLISECONDS', 'MICROSECONDS', 'MI', 'WEEK_ISO', 'MIN', 'MILLENIA', 'WOY', 'CENTS', 'EPOCH_MICROSECOND', 'DAYS', 'MSECS', 'CENT', 'W', 'MICROSEC', 'HR', 'NS', 'DD', 'EPOCH_NANOSECONDS', 'DECADE', 'NSECONDS', 'DAY', 'DECS', 'DAYOFWEEKISO', 'USECONDS', 'YEARS', 'NSECOND', 'CENTURIES', 'WEEKISO', 'QTR', 'Q', 'EPOCH_SECOND'}
BIT_START: str | None = None
BIT_END: str | None = None
HEX_START: str | None = None
HEX_END: str | None = None
BYTE_START: str | None = None
BYTE_END: str | None = None
UNICODE_START: str | None = None
UNICODE_END: str | None = None
class Solr.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer):
19    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
20        QUOTES = ["'"]
21        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
QUOTES = ["'"]
IDENTIFIERS = ['`']
BYTE_STRING_ESCAPES: ClassVar[list[str]] = ["'"]
class Spark(sqlglot.dialects.Spark2):
13class Spark(Spark2):
14    SUPPORTS_ORDER_BY_ALL = True
15    SUPPORTS_LIMIT_ALL = True
16    SUPPORTS_NULL_TYPE = True
17    ARRAY_FUNCS_PROPAGATES_NULLS = True
18    EXPRESSION_METADATA = EXPRESSION_METADATA.copy()
19
20    # Spark 3+ parses MM/dd/HH/hh/mm/ss strictly, unlike Spark 2 (SimpleDateFormat)
21    TIME_MAPPING = {
22        **Spark2.TIME_MAPPING,
23        "MM": "%mstrict",
24        "dd": "%dstrict",
25        "HH": "%Hstrict",
26        "hh": "%Istrict",
27        "mm": "%Mstrict",
28        "ss": "%Sstrict",
29    }
30
31    class Tokenizer(Spark2.Tokenizer):
32        STRING_ESCAPES_ALLOWED_IN_RAW_STRINGS = False
33
34        RAW_STRINGS = [
35            (prefix + q, q)
36            for q in t.cast(list[str], Spark2.Tokenizer.QUOTES)
37            for prefix in ("r", "R")
38        ]
39
40        KEYWORDS = {
41            **Spark2.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
42            "DECLARE": TokenType.DECLARE,
43        }
44
45    Parser = SparkParser
46
47    Generator = SparkGenerator
SUPPORTS_ORDER_BY_ALL = True

Whether ORDER BY ALL is supported (expands to all the selected columns) as in DuckDB, Spark3/Databricks

SUPPORTS_LIMIT_ALL = True

Whether LIMIT ALL is supported (equivalent to no limit) as in Postgres.

SUPPORTS_NULL_TYPE = True

Whether NULL/VOID is supported as a valid data type (not just a value).

Databricks and Spark v3+ support NULL as an actual type, allowing expressions like: SELECT NULL AS col -- Has type NULL, not just value NULL CAST(x AS VOID) -- Valid type cast

ARRAY_FUNCS_PROPAGATES_NULLS = True

Whether Array update functions return NULL when the input array is NULL.

EXPRESSION_METADATA = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Add'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Adjacent'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.And'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayContainedBy'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayContains'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayContainsAll'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayOverlaps'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayPosition'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Binary'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseAnd'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseLeftShift'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseOr'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseRightShift'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseXor'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Collate'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Connector'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Corr'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.DPipe'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Distance'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.DistanceNd'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Div'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Dot'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.EQ'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Escape'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.ExtendsLeft'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.ExtendsRight'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.GT'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.GTE'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Glob'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.ILike'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.IntDiv'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Is'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONArrayContains'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBContains'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBContainsAllTopKeys'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBContainsAnyTopKeys'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBContainsTopKey'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBDeleteAtPath'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBExtract'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBExtractScalar'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBPathExists'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONExtract'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONExtractScalar'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Kwarg'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.LT'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.LTE'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Like'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Match'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Mod'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Mul'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.NEQ'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.NestedJSONSelect'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.NullSafeEQ'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.NullSafeNEQ'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Operator'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Or'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Overlaps'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Pow'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.PropertyEQ'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.RegexpFullMatch'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.RegexpILike'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.RegexpLike'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.SimilarTo'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Sub'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Xor'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Alias'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseNot'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.IgnoreNulls'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Neg'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Not'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Paren'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.PivotAlias'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.RespectNulls'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Unary'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.DenseRank'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.RowNumber'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixSeconds'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArraySize'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixMillis'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Int64'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixMicros'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.ApproxDistinct'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.CountIf'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Rank'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Ntile'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.FromBase64'>: {'returns': <DType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.FromBase32'>: {'returns': <DType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.IsNan'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.IsInf'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Any'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.EndsWith'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.StartsWith'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Between'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.All'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Boolean'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.LogicalOr'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Contains'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.LogicalAnd'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Exists'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.In'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.CurrentDate'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeStrToDate'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DiToDate'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TsOrDsToDate'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.LastDay'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.StrToDate'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateFromParts'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateStrToDate'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Date'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Datetime'>: {'returns': <DType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DatetimeAdd'>: {'returns': <DType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DatetimeSub'>: {'returns': <DType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.CurrentDatetime'>: {'returns': <DType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Asinh'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Radians'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Sqrt'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.ToDouble'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Cosh'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Round'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Kurtosis'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Asin'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Pi'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.StddevPop'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Quantile'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Ln'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Acos'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Skewness'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.CumeDist'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.VariancePop'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.CovarPop'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Tan'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Atan'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Sin'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Avg'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Rand'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.SafeDivide'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Degrees'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Variance'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Cot'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.StddevSamp'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Exp'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Cos'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.ApproxQuantile'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Log'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Acosh'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Cbrt'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Stddev'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.PercentRank'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.CovarSamp'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.PercentileCont'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Tanh'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Atanh'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Sinh'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DayOfWeek'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Floor'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Levenshtein'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Ceil'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateToDi'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Unicode'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Quarter'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.BitLength'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Hour'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.StrPosition'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DayOfMonth'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DatetimeDiff'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Getbit'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Sign'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixDate'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Ascii'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DayOfYear'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Length'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TsOrDiToDi'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeDiff'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimestampDiff'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.datatypes.Interval'>: {'returns': <DType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.MakeInterval'>: {'returns': <DType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.JustifyInterval'>: {'returns': <DType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.JustifyHours'>: {'returns': <DType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.JustifyDays'>: {'returns': <DType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.ParseJSON'>: {'returns': <DType.JSON: 'JSON'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeAdd'>: {'returns': <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Time'>: {'returns': <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeSub'>: {'returns': <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Localtime'>: {'returns': <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.CurrentTime'>: {'returns': <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimestampLtzFromParts'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.CurrentTimestampLTZ'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimestampTzFromParts'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeStrToTime'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixToTime'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.StrToTime'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimestampSub'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.CurrentTimestamp'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimestampAdd'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Month'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.YearOfWeek'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Year'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DayOfWeekIso'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.WeekOfYear'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Week'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Day'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.YearOfWeekIso'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayToString'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentCatalog'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentUser'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixToTimeStr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Repeat'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Dayname'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.GroupConcat'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentSchema'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Space'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentRole'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Initcap'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.RawString'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.ToBase32'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Typeof'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Chr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.ConcatWs'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeToStr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Translate'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.SHA2'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Substring'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.SHA'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixToStr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.String'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.MD5'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Lower'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Trim'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TsOrDsToDateStr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.ToBase64'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Upper'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Concat'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateToDateStr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.SessionUser'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeToTimeStr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Monthname'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentVersion'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.LastValue'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Abs'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Filter'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.ArrayConcatAgg'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.Limit'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.Window'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArraySlice'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.HavingMax'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.NthValue'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.SortArray'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayReverse'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.AnyValue'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.Order'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.FirstValue'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Min'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Coalesce'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Max'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayConcat'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Least'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Greatest'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayFirst'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayLast'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Anonymous'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateTrunc'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateAdd'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateSub'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Cast'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.TryCast'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.Map'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.VarMap'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.Array'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.ArrayAgg'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Bracket'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Case'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Count'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateDiff'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.datatypes.DataType'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Distinct'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.Explode'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Extract'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.HexString'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.GenerateSeries'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.GenerateDateArray'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.GenerateTimestampArray'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.If'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Lag'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Lead'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Literal'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Null'>: {'returns': <DType.NULL: 'NULL'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Nullif'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.Struct'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Sum'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Timestamp'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ToMap'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.Unnest'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.WithinGroup'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.Subquery'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Unhex'>: {'returns': <DType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Encode'>: {'returns': <DType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.MonthsBetween'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.AddMonths'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.RegexpReplace'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.NextDay'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.RegexpExtract'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONFormat'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Replace'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Soundex'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentDatabase'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Hex'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Factorial'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.StrToUnix'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Minute'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Second'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.First'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Negative'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayDistinct'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Reverse'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Last'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayExcept'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayIntersect'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Grouping'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.PercentileDisc'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.RegexpSplit'>: {'returns': DataType( this=DType.ARRAY, expressions=[ DataType(this=DType.TEXT, nested=False)], nested=True)}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.StrToMap'>: {'returns': DataType( this=DType.MAP, expressions=[ DataType(this=DType.TEXT, nested=False), DataType(this=DType.TEXT, nested=False)], nested=True)}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Randn'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Atan2'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Format'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Right'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.Shuffle'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayFilter'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Nanvl'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.AtTimeZone'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Pad'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.BitmapConstructAgg'>: {'returns': <DType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.ToBinary'>: {'returns': <DType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateFromUnixDate'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TsOrDsAdd'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Sec'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Collation'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.CurrentTimezone'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.ToChar'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Randstr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Left'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.BitwiseXorAgg'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayInsert'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Overlay'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.BitwiseOrAgg'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.BitwiseAndAgg'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayCompact'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.BitmapCount'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Localtimestamp'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>}}
TIME_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'y': '%Y', 'Y': '%Y', 'YYYY': '%Y', 'yyyy': '%Y', 'YY': '%y', 'yy': '%y', 'MMMM': '%B', 'MMM': '%b', 'MM': '%mstrict', 'M': '%-m', 'dd': '%dstrict', 'd': '%-d', 'HH': '%Hstrict', 'H': '%-H', 'hh': '%Istrict', 'h': '%-I', 'mm': '%Mstrict', 'm': '%-M', 'ss': '%Sstrict', 's': '%-S', 'SSSSSS': '%f', 'a': '%p', 'DD': '%j', 'D': '%-j', 'E': '%a', 'EE': '%a', 'EEE': '%a', 'EEEE': '%A', 'z': '%Z', 'Z': '%z'}

Associates this dialect's time formats with their equivalent Python strftime formats.

SUPPORTS_COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS = False

Whether the old-style outer join (+) syntax is supported.

UNESCAPED_SEQUENCES: dict[str, str] = {'\\a': '\x07', '\\b': '\x08', '\\f': '\x0c', '\\n': '\n', '\\r': '\r', '\\t': '\t', '\\v': '\x0b', '\\\\': '\\'}

Mapping of an escaped sequence (\n) to its unescaped version ( ).

STRINGS_SUPPORT_ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: bool = True

Whether string literals support escape sequences (e.g. \n). Set by the metaclass based on the tokenizer's STRING_ESCAPES.

BYTE_STRINGS_SUPPORT_ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: bool = True

Whether byte string literals support escape sequences. Set by the metaclass based on the tokenizer's BYTE_STRING_ESCAPES.

INITCAP_SUPPORTS_CUSTOM_DELIMITERS = False
tokenizer_class = <class 'Spark.Tokenizer'>
jsonpath_tokenizer_class = <class 'sqlglot.dialects.dialect.JSONPathTokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'sqlglot.parsers.spark.SparkParser'>
generator_class = <class 'sqlglot.generators.spark.SparkGenerator'>
TIME_TRIE: dict = {'y': {0: True, 'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'Y': {0: True, 'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 'd': {'d': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'H': {'H': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'h': {'h': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'm': {'m': {0: True}, 0: True}, 's': {'s': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'S': {'S': {'S': {'S': {'S': {'S': {0: True}}}}}}, 'a': {0: True}, 'D': {'D': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'E': {0: True, 'E': {0: True, 'E': {0: True, 'E': {0: True}}}}, 'z': {0: True}, 'Z': {0: True}}
FORMAT_TRIE: dict = {'y': {0: True, 'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'Y': {0: True, 'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 'd': {'d': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'H': {'H': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'h': {'h': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'm': {'m': {0: True}, 0: True}, 's': {'s': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'S': {'S': {'S': {'S': {'S': {'S': {0: True}}}}}}, 'a': {0: True}, 'D': {'D': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'E': {0: True, 'E': {0: True, 'E': {0: True, 'E': {0: True}}}}, 'z': {0: True}, 'Z': {0: True}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'%Y': 'yyyy', '%y': 'yy', '%B': 'MMMM', '%b': 'MMM', '%mstrict': 'MM', '%-m': 'M', '%dstrict': 'dd', '%-d': 'd', '%Hstrict': 'HH', '%-H': 'H', '%Istrict': 'hh', '%-I': 'h', '%Mstrict': 'mm', '%-M': 'm', '%Sstrict': 'ss', '%-S': 's', '%f': 'SSSSSS', '%p': 'a', '%j': 'DD', '%-j': 'D', '%a': 'EEE', '%A': 'EEEE', '%Z': 'z', '%z': 'Z', '%m': 'MM', '%d': 'dd', '%H': 'HH', '%I': 'hh', '%M': 'mm', '%S': 'ss'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: dict = {'%': {'Y': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}, 'B': {0: True}, 'b': {0: True}, 'm': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}, 0: True}, '-': {'m': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True}, 'j': {0: True}}, 'd': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}, 0: True}, 'H': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}, 0: True}, 'I': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}, 0: True}, 'M': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}, 0: True}, 'S': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}, 0: True}, 'f': {0: True}, 'p': {0: True}, 'j': {0: True}, 'a': {0: True}, 'A': {0: True}, 'Z': {0: True}, 'z': {0: True}}}
INVERSE_FORMAT_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'%mstrict': '%m', '%dstrict': '%d', '%Hstrict': '%H', '%Istrict': '%I', '%Mstrict': '%M', '%Sstrict': '%S'}
INVERSE_FORMAT_TRIE: dict = {'%': {'m': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'd': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'H': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'I': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'M': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'S': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}}}
INVERSE_CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {}
ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: dict[str, str] = {'\x07': '\\a', '\x08': '\\b', '\x0c': '\\f', '\n': '\\n', '\r': '\\r', '\t': '\\t', '\x0b': '\\v', '\\': '\\\\'}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '`'
IDENTIFIER_END = '`'
VALID_INTERVAL_UNITS: set[str] = {'MICROSECS', 'MINUTES', 'YEAR', 'WY', 'DAYOFMONTH', 'DOW', 'MONTH', 'MICROSECOND', 'TIMEZONE_MINUTE', 'EPOCH_MICROSECONDS', 'MINUTE', 'DAYOFWEEK_ISO', 'TZH', 'Y', 'DW', 'WEEK', 'MM', 'DAYOFWEEK', 'QUARTER', 'MSEC', 'NSEC', 'M', 'USECS', 'NANOSECS', 'WEEKDAY', 'DW_ISO', 'MONTHS', 'D', 'MINS', 'DY', 'DAYOFYEAR', 'WK', 'HH', 'MS', 'TIMEZONE_HOUR', 'MIL', 'S', 'YYYY', 'DECADES', 'MON', 'NANOSECOND', 'WEEKOFYEAR', 'HOUR', 'TZM', 'MILLENNIUM', 'SECONDS', 'DOW_ISO', 'DAY OF WEEK', 'USECOND', 'H', 'MILLISECON', 'QTRS', 'MILLISECS', 'DOY', 'SECOND', 'EPOCH_MILLISECOND', 'HRS', 'DEC', 'EPOCH_SECONDS', 'YYY', 'YY', 'YRS', 'MSECONDS', 'SEC', 'USEC', 'MILLISECOND', 'HOURS', 'DAY OF YEAR', 'MILLISEC', 'C', 'MSECOND', 'WEEKDAY_ISO', 'EPOCH_NANOSECOND', 'NANOSEC', 'SECS', 'CENTURY', 'MILS', 'US', 'WEEKOFYEAR_ISO', 'WEEKOFYEARISO', 'QUARTERS', 'YR', 'EPOCH', 'EPOCH_MILLISECONDS', 'MONS', 'MILLISECONDS', 'MICROSECONDS', 'MI', 'WEEK_ISO', 'MIN', 'MILLENIA', 'WOY', 'CENTS', 'EPOCH_MICROSECOND', 'DAYS', 'MSECS', 'CENT', 'W', 'MICROSEC', 'HR', 'NS', 'DD', 'EPOCH_NANOSECONDS', 'DECADE', 'NSECONDS', 'DAY', 'DECS', 'DAYOFWEEKISO', 'USECONDS', 'YEARS', 'NSECOND', 'CENTURIES', 'WEEKISO', 'QTR', 'Q', 'EPOCH_SECOND'}
BIT_START: str | None = None
BIT_END: str | None = None
HEX_START: str | None = "X'"
HEX_END: str | None = "'"
BYTE_START: str | None = None
BYTE_END: str | None = None
UNICODE_START: str | None = None
UNICODE_END: str | None = None
class Spark.Tokenizer(sqlglot.dialects.Spark2.Tokenizer):
31    class Tokenizer(Spark2.Tokenizer):
32        STRING_ESCAPES_ALLOWED_IN_RAW_STRINGS = False
33
34        RAW_STRINGS = [
35            (prefix + q, q)
36            for q in t.cast(list[str], Spark2.Tokenizer.QUOTES)
37            for prefix in ("r", "R")
38        ]
39
40        KEYWORDS = {
41            **Spark2.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
42            "DECLARE": TokenType.DECLARE,
43        }
STRING_ESCAPES_ALLOWED_IN_RAW_STRINGS = False
RAW_STRINGS = [("r'", "'"), ("R'", "'"), ('r"', '"'), ('R"', '"')]
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '/*+': <TokenType.HINT: 293>, '&<': <TokenType.AMP_LT: 63>, '&>': <TokenType.AMP_GT: 64>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 28>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 14>, '?::': <TokenType.QDCOLON: 370>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 37>, '|>': <TokenType.PIPE_GT: 38>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 26>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 24>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 29>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 29>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 31>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 30>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 45>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 46>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 47>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 49>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 50>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 51>, '<<->>': <TokenType.LLRR_ARROW: 52>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 62>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 18>, '~~~': <TokenType.GLOB: 287>, '~~': <TokenType.LIKE: 318>, '~~*': <TokenType.ILIKE: 295>, '~*': <TokenType.IRLIKE: 307>, '-|-': <TokenType.ADJACENT: 65>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 220>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 34>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 221>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 222>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 225>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 218>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 226>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 228>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 228>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.BEGIN: 229>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 230>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 232>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 414>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 233>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 235>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 236>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 81>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 239>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 240>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 241>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COPY: 242>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 243>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 244>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 245>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 246>, 'CURRENT_SCHEMA': <TokenType.CURRENT_SCHEMA: 248>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 249>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 250>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 251>, 'CURRENT_CATALOG': <TokenType.CURRENT_CATALOG: 254>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 80>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 256>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 257>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 258>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 259>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 262>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 263>, 'DIV': <TokenType.DIV: 264>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 265>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 266>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 267>, 'ENUM': <TokenType.ENUM: 205>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 268>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 269>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 270>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 271>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 272>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 273>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 276>, 'FILE': <TokenType.FILE: 274>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 278>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 284>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 285>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 279>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 281>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 282>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 283>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 172>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 175>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 287>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 290>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 291>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 292>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 295>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 296>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 297>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 200>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 299>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 300>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 304>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 303>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 305>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 308>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 309>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 310>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 312>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 314>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 316>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 317>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 318>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 319>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 321>, 'LOCALTIME': <TokenType.LOCALTIME: 179>, 'LOCALTIMESTAMP': <TokenType.LOCALTIMESTAMP: 180>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 322>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 328>, 'NAMESPACE': <TokenType.NAMESPACE: 440>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 331>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 332>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 27>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 334>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 335>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 199>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 337>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 338>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 35>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 66>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 341>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 344>, 'OUT': <TokenType.OUT: 345>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 347>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 348>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 349>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 350>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 352>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 353>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 353>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 353>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 354>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 355>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 360>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 362>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 363>, 'OPERATOR': <TokenType.OPERATOR: 340>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 368>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 371>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 372>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 380>, 'RENAME': <TokenType.RENAME: 374>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 375>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 376>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 378>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 379>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 380>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 382>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 383>, 'ROW': <TokenType.ROW: 384>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 385>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 83>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 387>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 388>, 'SESSION': <TokenType.SESSION: 59>, 'SESSION_USER': <TokenType.SESSION_USER: 61>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 392>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 393>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 394>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 395>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 396>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 397>, 'SQL SECURITY': <TokenType.SQL_SECURITY: 399>, 'STRAIGHT_JOIN': <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 402>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 84>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 405>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 407>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 407>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 409>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 410>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 411>, 'TRIGGER': <TokenType.TRIGGER: 412>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 416>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 214>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 417>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 418>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 419>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 420>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 421>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 171>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 422>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 424>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 426>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 428>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 429>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 430>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 431>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 223>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 224>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 97>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 98>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 98>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 103>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 110>, 'UHUGEINT': <TokenType.UINT128: 111>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 110>, 'INT256': <TokenType.INT256: 112>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'INT8': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'UINT': <TokenType.UINT: 106>, 'UINT128': <TokenType.UINT128: 111>, 'UINT256': <TokenType.UINT256: 113>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'DECIMAL32': <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 118>, 'DECIMAL64': <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 119>, 'DECIMAL128': <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 120>, 'DECIMAL256': <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 121>, 'DECFLOAT': <TokenType.DECFLOAT: 122>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 124>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 124>, 'BIGNUM': <TokenType.BIGNUM: 109>, 'LIST': <TokenType.LIST: 320>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 323>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 174>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 114>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 114>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 114>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 115>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 115>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 115>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 141>, 'JSONB': <TokenType.JSONB: 142>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 125>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 125>, 'CHAR VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'CHARACTER VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 126>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 128>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 128>, 'BPCHAR': <TokenType.BPCHAR: 129>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 132>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 131>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 137>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 139>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 140>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 135>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 134>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 136>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 140>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 140>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 143>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 144>, 'TIME_NS': <TokenType.TIME_NS: 145>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 147>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 147>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 148>, 'TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 148>, 'TIMESTAMPNTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 149>, 'TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 149>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 157>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 153>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 159>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 160>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 161>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 162>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 163>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 164>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 165>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 166>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 167>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 168>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 169>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 170>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 432>, 'VECTOR': <TokenType.VECTOR: 215>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 403>, 'SEQUENCE': <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 390>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 198>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 219>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.ANALYZE: 439>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 238>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.GRANT: 289>, 'REVOKE': <TokenType.REVOKE: 377>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 193>, 'ADD ARCHIVE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'ADD ARCHIVES': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'ADD FILE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'ADD FILES': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'ADD JAR': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'ADD JARS': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'MINUS': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 269>, 'MSCK REPAIR': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'REFRESH': <TokenType.REFRESH: 373>, 'SERDEPROPERTIES': <TokenType.SERDE_PROPERTIES: 391>, 'DECLARE': <TokenType.DECLARE: 255>}
BYTE_STRING_ESCAPES: ClassVar[list[str]] = ['\\']
class Spark2(sqlglot.dialects.Hive):
11class Spark2(Hive):
12    ALTER_TABLE_SUPPORTS_CASCADE = False
13
14    EXPRESSION_METADATA = EXPRESSION_METADATA.copy()
15
16    # Spark 2.x parses MM/dd/HH/hh/mm/ss leniently (SimpleDateFormat), unlike strict Hive/Spark 3+
17    TIME_MAPPING = {
18        **Hive.TIME_MAPPING,
19        "MM": "%m",
20        "dd": "%d",
21        "HH": "%H",
22        "hh": "%I",
23        "mm": "%M",
24        "ss": "%S",
25    }
26
27    # https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/api/sql/index.html#initcap
28    # https://docs.databricks.com/aws/en/sql/language-manual/functions/initcap
29    # https://github.com/apache/spark/blob/master/common/unsafe/src/main/java/org/apache/spark/unsafe/types/UTF8String.java#L859-L905
30    INITCAP_DEFAULT_DELIMITER_CHARS = " "
31
32    class Tokenizer(Hive.Tokenizer):
33        HEX_STRINGS = [("X'", "'"), ("x'", "'")]
34
35        KEYWORDS = {
36            **Hive.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
37            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
38        }
39
40    Parser = Spark2Parser
41
42    Generator = Spark2Generator
ALTER_TABLE_SUPPORTS_CASCADE = False

Hive by default does not update the schema of existing partitions when a column is changed. the CASCADE clause is used to indicate that the change should be propagated to all existing partitions. the Spark dialect, while derived from Hive, does not support the CASCADE clause.

EXPRESSION_METADATA = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Add'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Adjacent'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.And'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayContainedBy'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayContains'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayContainsAll'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayOverlaps'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayPosition'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Binary'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseAnd'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseLeftShift'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseOr'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseRightShift'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseXor'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Collate'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Connector'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Corr'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.DPipe'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Distance'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.DistanceNd'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Div'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Dot'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.EQ'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Escape'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.ExtendsLeft'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.ExtendsRight'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.GT'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.GTE'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Glob'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.ILike'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.IntDiv'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Is'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONArrayContains'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBContains'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBContainsAllTopKeys'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBContainsAnyTopKeys'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBContainsTopKey'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBDeleteAtPath'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBExtract'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBExtractScalar'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBPathExists'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONExtract'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONExtractScalar'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Kwarg'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.LT'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.LTE'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Like'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Match'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Mod'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Mul'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.NEQ'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.NestedJSONSelect'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.NullSafeEQ'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.NullSafeNEQ'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Operator'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Or'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Overlaps'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Pow'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.PropertyEQ'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.RegexpFullMatch'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.RegexpILike'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.RegexpLike'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.SimilarTo'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Sub'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Xor'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Alias'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseNot'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.IgnoreNulls'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Neg'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Not'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Paren'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.PivotAlias'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.RespectNulls'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Unary'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.DenseRank'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.RowNumber'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixSeconds'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArraySize'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixMillis'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Int64'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixMicros'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.ApproxDistinct'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.CountIf'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Rank'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Ntile'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.FromBase64'>: {'returns': <DType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.FromBase32'>: {'returns': <DType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.IsNan'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.IsInf'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Any'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.EndsWith'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.StartsWith'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Between'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.All'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Boolean'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.LogicalOr'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Contains'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.LogicalAnd'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Exists'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.In'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.CurrentDate'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeStrToDate'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DiToDate'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TsOrDsToDate'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.LastDay'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.StrToDate'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateFromParts'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateStrToDate'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Date'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Datetime'>: {'returns': <DType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DatetimeAdd'>: {'returns': <DType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DatetimeSub'>: {'returns': <DType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.CurrentDatetime'>: {'returns': <DType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Asinh'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Radians'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Sqrt'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.ToDouble'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Cosh'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Round'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Kurtosis'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Asin'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Pi'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.StddevPop'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Quantile'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Ln'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Acos'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Skewness'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.CumeDist'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.VariancePop'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.CovarPop'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Tan'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Atan'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Sin'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Avg'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Rand'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.SafeDivide'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Degrees'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Variance'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Cot'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.StddevSamp'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Exp'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Cos'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.ApproxQuantile'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Log'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Acosh'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Cbrt'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Stddev'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.PercentRank'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.CovarSamp'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.PercentileCont'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Tanh'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Atanh'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Sinh'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DayOfWeek'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Floor'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Levenshtein'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Ceil'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateToDi'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Unicode'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Quarter'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.BitLength'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Hour'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.StrPosition'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DayOfMonth'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DatetimeDiff'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Getbit'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Sign'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixDate'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Ascii'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DayOfYear'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Length'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TsOrDiToDi'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeDiff'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimestampDiff'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.datatypes.Interval'>: {'returns': <DType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.MakeInterval'>: {'returns': <DType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.JustifyInterval'>: {'returns': <DType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.JustifyHours'>: {'returns': <DType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.JustifyDays'>: {'returns': <DType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.ParseJSON'>: {'returns': <DType.JSON: 'JSON'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeAdd'>: {'returns': <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Time'>: {'returns': <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeSub'>: {'returns': <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Localtime'>: {'returns': <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.CurrentTime'>: {'returns': <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimestampLtzFromParts'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.CurrentTimestampLTZ'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimestampTzFromParts'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeStrToTime'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixToTime'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.StrToTime'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimestampSub'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.CurrentTimestamp'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimestampAdd'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Month'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.YearOfWeek'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Year'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DayOfWeekIso'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.WeekOfYear'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Week'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Day'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.YearOfWeekIso'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayToString'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentCatalog'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentUser'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixToTimeStr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Repeat'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Dayname'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.GroupConcat'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentSchema'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Space'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentRole'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Initcap'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.RawString'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.ToBase32'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Typeof'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Chr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.ConcatWs'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeToStr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Translate'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.SHA2'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Substring'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.SHA'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixToStr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.String'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.MD5'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Lower'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Trim'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TsOrDsToDateStr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.ToBase64'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Upper'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Concat'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateToDateStr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.SessionUser'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeToTimeStr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Monthname'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentVersion'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.LastValue'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Abs'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Filter'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.ArrayConcatAgg'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.Limit'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.Window'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArraySlice'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.HavingMax'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.NthValue'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.SortArray'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayReverse'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.AnyValue'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.Order'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.FirstValue'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Min'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Coalesce'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Max'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayConcat'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Least'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Greatest'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayFirst'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayLast'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Anonymous'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateTrunc'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateAdd'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateSub'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Cast'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.TryCast'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.Map'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.VarMap'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.Array'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.ArrayAgg'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Bracket'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Case'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Count'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateDiff'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.datatypes.DataType'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Distinct'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.Explode'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Extract'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.HexString'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.GenerateSeries'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.GenerateDateArray'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.GenerateTimestampArray'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.If'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Lag'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Lead'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Literal'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Null'>: {'returns': <DType.NULL: 'NULL'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Nullif'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.Struct'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Sum'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Timestamp'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ToMap'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.Unnest'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.WithinGroup'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.Subquery'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Unhex'>: {'returns': <DType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Encode'>: {'returns': <DType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.MonthsBetween'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.AddMonths'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.RegexpReplace'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.NextDay'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.RegexpExtract'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONFormat'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Replace'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Soundex'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentDatabase'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Hex'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Factorial'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.StrToUnix'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Minute'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Second'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.First'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Negative'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayDistinct'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Reverse'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Last'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayExcept'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayIntersect'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Grouping'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.PercentileDisc'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.RegexpSplit'>: {'returns': DataType( this=DType.ARRAY, expressions=[ DataType(this=DType.TEXT, nested=False)], nested=True)}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.StrToMap'>: {'returns': DataType( this=DType.MAP, expressions=[ DataType(this=DType.TEXT, nested=False), DataType(this=DType.TEXT, nested=False)], nested=True)}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Randn'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Atan2'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Format'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Right'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.Shuffle'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayFilter'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Nanvl'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.AtTimeZone'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Pad'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}}
TIME_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'y': '%Y', 'Y': '%Y', 'YYYY': '%Y', 'yyyy': '%Y', 'YY': '%y', 'yy': '%y', 'MMMM': '%B', 'MMM': '%b', 'MM': '%m', 'M': '%-m', 'dd': '%d', 'd': '%-d', 'HH': '%H', 'H': '%-H', 'hh': '%I', 'h': '%-I', 'mm': '%M', 'm': '%-M', 'ss': '%S', 's': '%-S', 'SSSSSS': '%f', 'a': '%p', 'DD': '%j', 'D': '%-j', 'E': '%a', 'EE': '%a', 'EEE': '%a', 'EEEE': '%A', 'z': '%Z', 'Z': '%z'}

Associates this dialect's time formats with their equivalent Python strftime formats.

INITCAP_DEFAULT_DELIMITER_CHARS = ' '
SUPPORTS_COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS = False

Whether the old-style outer join (+) syntax is supported.

UNESCAPED_SEQUENCES: dict[str, str] = {'\\a': '\x07', '\\b': '\x08', '\\f': '\x0c', '\\n': '\n', '\\r': '\r', '\\t': '\t', '\\v': '\x0b', '\\\\': '\\'}

Mapping of an escaped sequence (\n) to its unescaped version ( ).

STRINGS_SUPPORT_ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: bool = True

Whether string literals support escape sequences (e.g. \n). Set by the metaclass based on the tokenizer's STRING_ESCAPES.

BYTE_STRINGS_SUPPORT_ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: bool = True

Whether byte string literals support escape sequences. Set by the metaclass based on the tokenizer's BYTE_STRING_ESCAPES.

INITCAP_SUPPORTS_CUSTOM_DELIMITERS = False
tokenizer_class = <class 'Spark2.Tokenizer'>
jsonpath_tokenizer_class = <class 'sqlglot.dialects.dialect.JSONPathTokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'sqlglot.parsers.spark2.Spark2Parser'>
generator_class = <class 'sqlglot.generators.spark2.Spark2Generator'>
TIME_TRIE: dict = {'y': {0: True, 'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'Y': {0: True, 'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 'd': {'d': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'H': {'H': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'h': {'h': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'm': {'m': {0: True}, 0: True}, 's': {'s': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'S': {'S': {'S': {'S': {'S': {'S': {0: True}}}}}}, 'a': {0: True}, 'D': {'D': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'E': {0: True, 'E': {0: True, 'E': {0: True, 'E': {0: True}}}}, 'z': {0: True}, 'Z': {0: True}}
FORMAT_TRIE: dict = {'y': {0: True, 'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'Y': {0: True, 'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 'd': {'d': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'H': {'H': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'h': {'h': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'm': {'m': {0: True}, 0: True}, 's': {'s': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'S': {'S': {'S': {'S': {'S': {'S': {0: True}}}}}}, 'a': {0: True}, 'D': {'D': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'E': {0: True, 'E': {0: True, 'E': {0: True, 'E': {0: True}}}}, 'z': {0: True}, 'Z': {0: True}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'%Y': 'yyyy', '%y': 'yy', '%B': 'MMMM', '%b': 'MMM', '%m': 'MM', '%-m': 'M', '%d': 'dd', '%-d': 'd', '%H': 'HH', '%-H': 'H', '%I': 'hh', '%-I': 'h', '%M': 'mm', '%-M': 'm', '%S': 'ss', '%-S': 's', '%f': 'SSSSSS', '%p': 'a', '%j': 'DD', '%-j': 'D', '%a': 'EEE', '%A': 'EEEE', '%Z': 'z', '%z': 'Z', '%mstrict': 'MM', '%dstrict': 'dd', '%Hstrict': 'HH', '%Istrict': 'hh', '%Mstrict': 'mm', '%Sstrict': 'ss'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: dict = {'%': {'Y': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}, 'B': {0: True}, 'b': {0: True}, 'm': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, '-': {'m': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True}, 'j': {0: True}}, 'd': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'H': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'I': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'M': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'S': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'f': {0: True}, 'p': {0: True}, 'j': {0: True}, 'a': {0: True}, 'A': {0: True}, 'Z': {0: True}, 'z': {0: True}}}
INVERSE_FORMAT_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'%mstrict': '%m', '%dstrict': '%d', '%Hstrict': '%H', '%Istrict': '%I', '%Mstrict': '%M', '%Sstrict': '%S'}
INVERSE_FORMAT_TRIE: dict = {'%': {'m': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'd': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'H': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'I': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'M': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'S': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}}}
INVERSE_CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {}
ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: dict[str, str] = {'\x07': '\\a', '\x08': '\\b', '\x0c': '\\f', '\n': '\\n', '\r': '\\r', '\t': '\\t', '\x0b': '\\v', '\\': '\\\\'}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '`'
IDENTIFIER_END = '`'
VALID_INTERVAL_UNITS: set[str] = {'MICROSECS', 'MINUTES', 'YEAR', 'WY', 'DAYOFMONTH', 'DOW', 'MONTH', 'MICROSECOND', 'TIMEZONE_MINUTE', 'EPOCH_MICROSECONDS', 'MINUTE', 'DAYOFWEEK_ISO', 'TZH', 'Y', 'DW', 'WEEK', 'MM', 'DAYOFWEEK', 'QUARTER', 'MSEC', 'NSEC', 'M', 'USECS', 'NANOSECS', 'WEEKDAY', 'DW_ISO', 'MONTHS', 'D', 'MINS', 'DY', 'DAYOFYEAR', 'WK', 'HH', 'MS', 'TIMEZONE_HOUR', 'MIL', 'S', 'YYYY', 'DECADES', 'MON', 'NANOSECOND', 'WEEKOFYEAR', 'HOUR', 'TZM', 'MILLENNIUM', 'SECONDS', 'DOW_ISO', 'DAY OF WEEK', 'USECOND', 'H', 'MILLISECON', 'QTRS', 'MILLISECS', 'DOY', 'SECOND', 'EPOCH_MILLISECOND', 'HRS', 'DEC', 'EPOCH_SECONDS', 'YYY', 'YY', 'YRS', 'MSECONDS', 'SEC', 'USEC', 'MILLISECOND', 'HOURS', 'DAY OF YEAR', 'MILLISEC', 'C', 'MSECOND', 'WEEKDAY_ISO', 'EPOCH_NANOSECOND', 'NANOSEC', 'SECS', 'CENTURY', 'MILS', 'US', 'WEEKOFYEAR_ISO', 'WEEKOFYEARISO', 'QUARTERS', 'YR', 'EPOCH', 'EPOCH_MILLISECONDS', 'MONS', 'MILLISECONDS', 'MICROSECONDS', 'MI', 'WEEK_ISO', 'MIN', 'MILLENIA', 'WOY', 'CENTS', 'EPOCH_MICROSECOND', 'DAYS', 'MSECS', 'CENT', 'W', 'MICROSEC', 'HR', 'NS', 'DD', 'EPOCH_NANOSECONDS', 'DECADE', 'NSECONDS', 'DAY', 'DECS', 'DAYOFWEEKISO', 'USECONDS', 'YEARS', 'NSECOND', 'CENTURIES', 'WEEKISO', 'QTR', 'Q', 'EPOCH_SECOND'}
BIT_START: str | None = None
BIT_END: str | None = None
HEX_START: str | None = "X'"
HEX_END: str | None = "'"
BYTE_START: str | None = None
BYTE_END: str | None = None
UNICODE_START: str | None = None
UNICODE_END: str | None = None
class Spark2.Tokenizer(sqlglot.dialects.Hive.Tokenizer):
32    class Tokenizer(Hive.Tokenizer):
33        HEX_STRINGS = [("X'", "'"), ("x'", "'")]
34
35        KEYWORDS = {
36            **Hive.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
37            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
38        }
HEX_STRINGS = [("X'", "'"), ("x'", "'")]
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '/*+': <TokenType.HINT: 293>, '&<': <TokenType.AMP_LT: 63>, '&>': <TokenType.AMP_GT: 64>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 28>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 14>, '?::': <TokenType.QDCOLON: 370>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 37>, '|>': <TokenType.PIPE_GT: 38>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 26>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 24>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 29>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 29>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 31>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 30>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 45>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 46>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 47>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 49>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 50>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 51>, '<<->>': <TokenType.LLRR_ARROW: 52>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 62>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 18>, '~~~': <TokenType.GLOB: 287>, '~~': <TokenType.LIKE: 318>, '~~*': <TokenType.ILIKE: 295>, '~*': <TokenType.IRLIKE: 307>, '-|-': <TokenType.ADJACENT: 65>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 220>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 34>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 221>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 222>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 225>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 218>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 226>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 228>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 228>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.BEGIN: 229>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 230>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 232>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 414>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 233>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 235>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 236>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 81>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 239>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 240>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 241>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COPY: 242>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 243>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 244>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 245>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 246>, 'CURRENT_SCHEMA': <TokenType.CURRENT_SCHEMA: 248>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 249>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 250>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 251>, 'CURRENT_CATALOG': <TokenType.CURRENT_CATALOG: 254>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 80>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 256>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 257>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 258>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 259>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 262>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 263>, 'DIV': <TokenType.DIV: 264>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 265>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 266>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 267>, 'ENUM': <TokenType.ENUM: 205>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 268>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 269>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 270>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 271>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 272>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 273>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 276>, 'FILE': <TokenType.FILE: 274>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 278>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 284>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 285>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 279>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 281>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 282>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 283>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 172>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 175>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 287>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 290>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 291>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 292>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 295>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 296>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 297>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 200>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 299>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 300>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 304>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 303>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 305>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 308>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 309>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 310>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 312>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 314>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 316>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 317>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 318>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 319>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 321>, 'LOCALTIME': <TokenType.LOCALTIME: 179>, 'LOCALTIMESTAMP': <TokenType.LOCALTIMESTAMP: 180>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 322>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 328>, 'NAMESPACE': <TokenType.NAMESPACE: 440>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 331>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 332>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 27>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 334>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 335>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 199>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 337>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 338>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 35>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 66>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 341>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 344>, 'OUT': <TokenType.OUT: 345>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 347>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 348>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 349>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 350>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 352>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 353>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 353>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 353>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 354>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 355>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 360>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 362>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 363>, 'OPERATOR': <TokenType.OPERATOR: 340>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 368>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 371>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 372>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 380>, 'RENAME': <TokenType.RENAME: 374>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 375>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 376>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 378>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 379>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 380>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 382>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 383>, 'ROW': <TokenType.ROW: 384>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 385>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 83>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 387>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 388>, 'SESSION': <TokenType.SESSION: 59>, 'SESSION_USER': <TokenType.SESSION_USER: 61>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 392>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 393>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 394>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 395>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 396>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 397>, 'SQL SECURITY': <TokenType.SQL_SECURITY: 399>, 'STRAIGHT_JOIN': <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 402>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 84>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 405>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 407>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 407>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 409>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 410>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 411>, 'TRIGGER': <TokenType.TRIGGER: 412>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 416>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 214>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 417>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 418>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 419>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 420>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 421>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 171>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 422>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 424>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 426>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 428>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 429>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 430>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 431>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 223>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 224>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 97>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 98>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 98>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 103>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 110>, 'UHUGEINT': <TokenType.UINT128: 111>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 110>, 'INT256': <TokenType.INT256: 112>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'INT8': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'UINT': <TokenType.UINT: 106>, 'UINT128': <TokenType.UINT128: 111>, 'UINT256': <TokenType.UINT256: 113>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'DECIMAL32': <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 118>, 'DECIMAL64': <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 119>, 'DECIMAL128': <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 120>, 'DECIMAL256': <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 121>, 'DECFLOAT': <TokenType.DECFLOAT: 122>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 124>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 124>, 'BIGNUM': <TokenType.BIGNUM: 109>, 'LIST': <TokenType.LIST: 320>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 323>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 174>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 114>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 114>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 114>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 115>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 115>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 115>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 141>, 'JSONB': <TokenType.JSONB: 142>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 125>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 125>, 'CHAR VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'CHARACTER VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 126>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 128>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 128>, 'BPCHAR': <TokenType.BPCHAR: 129>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 132>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 131>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 137>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 139>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 140>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 135>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 134>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 136>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 140>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 140>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 143>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 144>, 'TIME_NS': <TokenType.TIME_NS: 145>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 147>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 147>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 148>, 'TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 148>, 'TIMESTAMPNTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 149>, 'TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 149>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 157>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 153>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 159>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 160>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 161>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 162>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 163>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 164>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 165>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 166>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 167>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 168>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 169>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 170>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 432>, 'VECTOR': <TokenType.VECTOR: 215>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 403>, 'SEQUENCE': <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 390>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 198>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 219>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.ANALYZE: 439>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 238>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.GRANT: 289>, 'REVOKE': <TokenType.REVOKE: 377>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 193>, 'ADD ARCHIVE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'ADD ARCHIVES': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'ADD FILE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'ADD FILES': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'ADD JAR': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'ADD JARS': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'MINUS': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 269>, 'MSCK REPAIR': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'REFRESH': <TokenType.REFRESH: 373>, 'SERDEPROPERTIES': <TokenType.SERDE_PROPERTIES: 391>}
BYTE_STRING_ESCAPES: ClassVar[list[str]] = ['\\']
class SQLite(sqlglot.dialects.Dialect):
14class SQLite(Dialect):
15    # https://sqlite.org/forum/forumpost/5e575586ac5c711b?raw
16    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE
17    ASCII_ONLY_NORMALIZATION = True
18    TYPED_DIVISION = True
19    SAFE_DIVISION = True
20    SAFE_TO_ELIMINATE_DOUBLE_NEGATION = False
21
22    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
23        IDENTIFIERS = ['"', ("[", "]"), "`"]
24        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'"), ("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
25
26        NESTED_COMMENTS = False
27
28        KEYWORDS = {
29            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
30            "ATTACH": TokenType.ATTACH,
31            "DETACH": TokenType.DETACH,
32            "INDEXED BY": TokenType.INDEXED_BY,
33            "MATCH": TokenType.MATCH,
34        }
35
36        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
37
38        COMMANDS = {*tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS, TokenType.REPLACE}
39
40    Parser = SQLiteParser
41
42    Generator = SQLiteGenerator
NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = <NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE: 'CASE_INSENSITIVE'>

Specifies the strategy according to which identifiers should be normalized.

ASCII_ONLY_NORMALIZATION = True

Whether identifiers are only normalized with respect to ASCII characters, e.g. Ä and ä are different identifiers in DuckDB, but the same identifier in Spark.

TYPED_DIVISION = True

Whether the behavior of a / b depends on the types of a and b. False means a / b is always float division. True means a / b is integer division if both a and b are integers.

SAFE_DIVISION = True

Whether division by zero throws an error (False) or returns NULL (True).

SAFE_TO_ELIMINATE_DOUBLE_NEGATION = False
SUPPORTS_COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS = False

Whether the old-style outer join (+) syntax is supported.

STRINGS_SUPPORT_ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: bool = False

Whether string literals support escape sequences (e.g. \n). Set by the metaclass based on the tokenizer's STRING_ESCAPES.

BYTE_STRINGS_SUPPORT_ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: bool = False

Whether byte string literals support escape sequences. Set by the metaclass based on the tokenizer's BYTE_STRING_ESCAPES.

INITCAP_SUPPORTS_CUSTOM_DELIMITERS = False
tokenizer_class = <class 'SQLite.Tokenizer'>
jsonpath_tokenizer_class = <class 'sqlglot.dialects.dialect.JSONPathTokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'sqlglot.parsers.sqlite.SQLiteParser'>
generator_class = <class 'sqlglot.generators.sqlite.SQLiteGenerator'>
TIME_TRIE: dict = {}
FORMAT_TRIE: dict = {}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'%mstrict': '%m', '%dstrict': '%d', '%Hstrict': '%H', '%Istrict': '%I', '%Mstrict': '%M', '%Sstrict': '%S'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: dict = {'%': {'m': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'd': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'H': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'I': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'M': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'S': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}}}
INVERSE_FORMAT_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'%mstrict': '%m', '%dstrict': '%d', '%Hstrict': '%H', '%Istrict': '%I', '%Mstrict': '%M', '%Sstrict': '%S'}
INVERSE_FORMAT_TRIE: dict = {'%': {'m': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'd': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'H': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'I': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'M': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'S': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}}}
INVERSE_CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {}
ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: dict[str, str] = {}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '"'
IDENTIFIER_END = '"'
VALID_INTERVAL_UNITS: set[str] = {'MICROSECS', 'MINUTES', 'YEAR', 'WY', 'DAYOFMONTH', 'DOW', 'MONTH', 'MICROSECOND', 'TIMEZONE_MINUTE', 'EPOCH_MICROSECONDS', 'MINUTE', 'DAYOFWEEK_ISO', 'TZH', 'Y', 'DW', 'WEEK', 'MM', 'DAYOFWEEK', 'QUARTER', 'MSEC', 'NSEC', 'M', 'USECS', 'NANOSECS', 'WEEKDAY', 'DW_ISO', 'MONTHS', 'D', 'MINS', 'DY', 'DAYOFYEAR', 'WK', 'HH', 'MS', 'TIMEZONE_HOUR', 'MIL', 'S', 'YYYY', 'DECADES', 'MON', 'NANOSECOND', 'WEEKOFYEAR', 'HOUR', 'TZM', 'MILLENNIUM', 'SECONDS', 'DOW_ISO', 'DAY OF WEEK', 'USECOND', 'H', 'MILLISECON', 'QTRS', 'MILLISECS', 'DOY', 'SECOND', 'EPOCH_MILLISECOND', 'HRS', 'DEC', 'EPOCH_SECONDS', 'YYY', 'YY', 'YRS', 'MSECONDS', 'SEC', 'USEC', 'MILLISECOND', 'HOURS', 'DAY OF YEAR', 'MILLISEC', 'C', 'MSECOND', 'WEEKDAY_ISO', 'EPOCH_NANOSECOND', 'NANOSEC', 'SECS', 'CENTURY', 'MILS', 'US', 'WEEKOFYEAR_ISO', 'WEEKOFYEARISO', 'QUARTERS', 'YR', 'EPOCH', 'EPOCH_MILLISECONDS', 'MONS', 'MILLISECONDS', 'MICROSECONDS', 'MI', 'WEEK_ISO', 'MIN', 'MILLENIA', 'WOY', 'CENTS', 'EPOCH_MICROSECOND', 'DAYS', 'MSECS', 'CENT', 'W', 'MICROSEC', 'HR', 'NS', 'DD', 'EPOCH_NANOSECONDS', 'DECADE', 'NSECONDS', 'DAY', 'DECS', 'DAYOFWEEKISO', 'USECONDS', 'YEARS', 'NSECOND', 'CENTURIES', 'WEEKISO', 'QTR', 'Q', 'EPOCH_SECOND'}
BIT_START: str | None = None
BIT_END: str | None = None
HEX_START: str | None = "x'"
HEX_END: str | None = "'"
BYTE_START: str | None = None
BYTE_END: str | None = None
UNICODE_START: str | None = None
UNICODE_END: str | None = None
class SQLite.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer):
22    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
23        IDENTIFIERS = ['"', ("[", "]"), "`"]
24        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'"), ("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
25
26        NESTED_COMMENTS = False
27
28        KEYWORDS = {
29            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
30            "ATTACH": TokenType.ATTACH,
31            "DETACH": TokenType.DETACH,
32            "INDEXED BY": TokenType.INDEXED_BY,
33            "MATCH": TokenType.MATCH,
34        }
35
36        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
37
38        COMMANDS = {*tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS, TokenType.REPLACE}
IDENTIFIERS = ['"', ('[', ']'), '`']
HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'"), ('0x', ''), ('0X', '')]
NESTED_COMMENTS = False
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '&<': <TokenType.AMP_LT: 63>, '&>': <TokenType.AMP_GT: 64>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 28>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 14>, '?::': <TokenType.QDCOLON: 370>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 37>, '|>': <TokenType.PIPE_GT: 38>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 26>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 24>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 29>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 29>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 31>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 30>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 45>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 46>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 47>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 49>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 50>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 51>, '<<->>': <TokenType.LLRR_ARROW: 52>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 62>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 18>, '~~~': <TokenType.GLOB: 287>, '~~': <TokenType.LIKE: 318>, '~~*': <TokenType.ILIKE: 295>, '~*': <TokenType.IRLIKE: 307>, '-|-': <TokenType.ADJACENT: 65>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 220>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 34>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 221>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 222>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 225>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 218>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 226>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 228>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 228>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.BEGIN: 229>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 230>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 232>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 414>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 233>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 235>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 236>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 81>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 239>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 240>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 241>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COPY: 242>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 243>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 244>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 245>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 246>, 'CURRENT_SCHEMA': <TokenType.CURRENT_SCHEMA: 248>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 249>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 250>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 251>, 'CURRENT_CATALOG': <TokenType.CURRENT_CATALOG: 254>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 80>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 256>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 257>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 258>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 259>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 262>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 263>, 'DIV': <TokenType.DIV: 264>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 265>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 266>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 267>, 'ENUM': <TokenType.ENUM: 205>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 268>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 269>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 270>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 271>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 272>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 273>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 276>, 'FILE': <TokenType.FILE: 274>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 278>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 284>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 285>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 279>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 281>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 282>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 283>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 172>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 175>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 287>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 290>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 291>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 292>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 295>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 296>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 297>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 200>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 299>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 300>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 304>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 303>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 305>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 308>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 309>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 310>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 312>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 314>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 316>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 317>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 318>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 319>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 321>, 'LOCALTIME': <TokenType.LOCALTIME: 179>, 'LOCALTIMESTAMP': <TokenType.LOCALTIMESTAMP: 180>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 322>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 328>, 'NAMESPACE': <TokenType.NAMESPACE: 440>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 331>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 332>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 27>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 334>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 335>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 199>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 337>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 338>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 35>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 66>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 341>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 344>, 'OUT': <TokenType.OUT: 345>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 347>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 348>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 349>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 350>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 352>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 353>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 353>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 353>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 354>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 355>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 360>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 362>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 363>, 'OPERATOR': <TokenType.OPERATOR: 340>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 368>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 371>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 372>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 380>, 'RENAME': <TokenType.RENAME: 374>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 375>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 376>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 378>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 379>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 380>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 382>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 383>, 'ROW': <TokenType.ROW: 384>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 385>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 83>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 387>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 388>, 'SESSION': <TokenType.SESSION: 59>, 'SESSION_USER': <TokenType.SESSION_USER: 61>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 392>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 393>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 394>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 395>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 396>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 397>, 'SQL SECURITY': <TokenType.SQL_SECURITY: 399>, 'STRAIGHT_JOIN': <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 402>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 84>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 405>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 407>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 407>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 409>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 410>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 411>, 'TRIGGER': <TokenType.TRIGGER: 412>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 416>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 214>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 417>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 418>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 419>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 420>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 421>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 171>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 422>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 424>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 426>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 428>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 429>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 430>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 431>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 223>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 224>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 97>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 98>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 98>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 103>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 110>, 'UHUGEINT': <TokenType.UINT128: 111>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 110>, 'INT256': <TokenType.INT256: 112>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'INT8': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'UINT': <TokenType.UINT: 106>, 'UINT128': <TokenType.UINT128: 111>, 'UINT256': <TokenType.UINT256: 113>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'DECIMAL32': <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 118>, 'DECIMAL64': <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 119>, 'DECIMAL128': <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 120>, 'DECIMAL256': <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 121>, 'DECFLOAT': <TokenType.DECFLOAT: 122>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 124>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 124>, 'BIGNUM': <TokenType.BIGNUM: 109>, 'LIST': <TokenType.LIST: 320>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 323>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 174>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 114>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 114>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 114>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 115>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 115>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 115>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 141>, 'JSONB': <TokenType.JSONB: 142>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 125>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 125>, 'CHAR VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'CHARACTER VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 126>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 128>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 128>, 'BPCHAR': <TokenType.BPCHAR: 129>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 132>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 131>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 137>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 139>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 140>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 135>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 134>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 136>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 140>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 140>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 143>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 144>, 'TIME_NS': <TokenType.TIME_NS: 145>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 146>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 147>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 148>, 'TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 148>, 'TIMESTAMPNTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 149>, 'TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 149>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 157>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 153>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 159>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 160>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 161>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 162>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 163>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 164>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 165>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 166>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 167>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 168>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 169>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 170>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 432>, 'VECTOR': <TokenType.VECTOR: 215>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 403>, 'SEQUENCE': <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 390>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 198>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 219>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.ANALYZE: 439>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 238>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.GRANT: 289>, 'REVOKE': <TokenType.REVOKE: 377>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 193>, 'ATTACH': <TokenType.ATTACH: 227>, 'DETACH': <TokenType.DETACH: 260>, 'INDEXED BY': <TokenType.INDEXED_BY: 298>, 'MATCH': <TokenType.MATCH: 324>}
COMMANDS = {<TokenType.FETCH: 273>, <TokenType.RENAME: 374>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 375>, <TokenType.SHOW: 394>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 270>}
BYTE_STRING_ESCAPES: ClassVar[list[str]] = ["'"]
class StarRocks(sqlglot.dialects.MySQL):
11class StarRocks(MySQL):
12    STRICT_JSON_PATH_SYNTAX = False
13    INDEX_OFFSET = 1
14
15    DEFAULT_FUNCTIONS_COLUMN_NAMES = {
16        exp.GenerateSeries: "generate_series",
17    }
18
19    class Tokenizer(MySQL.Tokenizer):
20        KEYWORDS = {
21            **MySQL.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
22            "LARGEINT": TokenType.INT128,
23            "REFRESH": TokenType.REFRESH,
24        }
25
26    Parser = StarRocksParser
27
28    Generator = StarRocksGenerator
STRICT_JSON_PATH_SYNTAX = False

Whether failing to parse a JSON path expression using the JSONPath dialect will log a warning.

INDEX_OFFSET = 1

The base index offset for arrays.

DEFAULT_FUNCTIONS_COLUMN_NAMES: dict[type[sqlglot.expressions.core.Func], str | tuple[str, ...]] = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.GenerateSeries'>: 'generate_series'}

Maps function expressions to their default output column name(s).

For example, in Postgres, generate_series function outputs a column named "generate_series" by default, so we map the ExplodingGenerateSeries expression to "generate_series" string.

VALID_INTERVAL_UNITS: set[str] = {'MICROSECS', 'MINUTES', 'YEAR', 'YEAR_MONTH', 'WY', 'DAYOFMONTH', 'DOW', 'MONTH', 'MICROSECOND', 'TIMEZONE_MINUTE', 'EPOCH_MICROSECONDS', 'MINUTE', 'DAYOFWEEK_ISO', 'TZH', 'Y', 'DW', 'WEEK', 'MM', 'DAYOFWEEK', 'QUARTER', 'MSEC', 'NSEC', 'M', 'USECS', 'NANOSECS', 'WEEKDAY', 'DW_ISO', 'MONTHS', 'D', 'MINS', 'DY', 'DAYOFYEAR', 'WK', 'HH', 'MS', 'TIMEZONE_HOUR', 'MIL', 'S', 'YYYY', 'DECADES', 'MON', 'NANOSECOND', 'WEEKOFYEAR', 'HOUR', 'TZM', 'MILLENNIUM', 'SECONDS', 'DOW_ISO', 'DAY OF WEEK', 'USECOND', 'H', 'MILLISECON', 'QTRS', 'MINUTE_MICROSECOND', 'HOUR_SECOND', 'MILLISECS', 'DOY', 'DAY_MINUTE', 'SECOND', 'EPOCH_MILLISECOND', 'HRS', 'DEC', 'EPOCH_SECONDS', 'YYY', 'YY', 'YRS', 'MSECONDS', 'SEC', 'USEC', 'MILLISECOND', 'HOURS', 'DAY OF YEAR', 'MILLISEC', 'C', 'MSECOND', 'WEEKDAY_ISO', 'EPOCH_NANOSECOND', 'NANOSEC', 'SECS', 'CENTURY', 'MILS', 'US', 'DAY_HOUR', 'WEEKOFYEAR_ISO', 'WEEKOFYEARISO', 'QUARTERS', 'YR', 'EPOCH', 'EPOCH_MILLISECONDS', 'MONS', 'MILLISECONDS', 'HOUR_MICROSECOND', 'DAY_MICROSECOND', 'HOUR_MINUTE', 'MICROSECONDS', 'MI', 'WEEK_ISO', 'MIN', 'MILLENIA', 'WOY', 'CENTS', 'DAY_SECOND', 'EPOCH_MICROSECOND', 'DAYS', 'MSECS', 'CENT', 'MINUTE_SECOND', 'W', 'MICROSEC', 'HR', 'NS', 'DD', 'EPOCH_NANOSECONDS', 'DECADE', 'NSECONDS', 'DAY', 'SECOND_MICROSECOND', 'DECS', 'DAYOFWEEKISO', 'USECONDS', 'YEARS', 'NSECOND', 'CENTURIES', 'WEEKISO', 'QTR', 'Q', 'EPOCH_SECOND'}
SUPPORTS_COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS = False

Whether the old-style outer join (+) syntax is supported.

UNESCAPED_SEQUENCES: dict[str, str] = {'\\a': '\x07', '\\b': '\x08', '\\f': '\x0c', '\\n': '\n', '\\r': '\r', '\\t': '\t', '\\v': '\x0b', '\\\\': '\\'}

Mapping of an escaped sequence (\n) to its unescaped version ( ).

STRINGS_SUPPORT_ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: bool = True

Whether string literals support escape sequences (e.g. \n). Set by the metaclass based on the tokenizer's STRING_ESCAPES.

BYTE_STRINGS_SUPPORT_ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: bool = True

Whether byte string literals support escape sequences. Set by the metaclass based on the tokenizer's BYTE_STRING_ESCAPES.

INITCAP_SUPPORTS_CUSTOM_DELIMITERS = False
tokenizer_class = <class 'StarRocks.Tokenizer'>
jsonpath_tokenizer_class = <class 'sqlglot.dialects.dialect.JSONPathTokenizer'>
TIME_TRIE: dict = {'%': {'M': {0: True}, 'c': {0: True}, 'e': {0: True}, 'h': {0: True}, 'i': {0: True}, 's': {0: True}, 'u': {0: True}, 'k': {0: True}, 'l': {0: True}, 'r': {0: True}, 'T': {0: True}, 'W': {0: True}, 'x': {0: True}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: dict = {'%': {'M': {0: True}, 'c': {0: True}, 'e': {0: True}, 'h': {0: True}, 'i': {0: True}, 's': {0: True}, 'u': {0: True}, 'k': {0: True}, 'l': {0: True}, 'r': {0: True}, 'T': {0: True}, 'W': {0: True}, 'x': {0: True}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'%B': '%M', '%-m': '%c', '%-d': '%e', '%I': '%h', '%M': '%i', '%S': '%s', '%W': '%u', '%-H': '%k', '%-I': '%l', '%I:%M:%S %p': '%r', '%H:%M:%S': '%T', '%A': '%W', '%G': '%x', '%mstrict': '%m', '%dstrict': '%d', '%Hstrict': '%H', '%Istrict': '%h', '%Mstrict': '%i', '%Sstrict': '%s'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: dict = {'%': {'B': {0: True}, '-': {'m': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'I': {0: True, ':': {'%': {'M': {':': {'%': {'S': {' ': {'%': {'p': {0: True}}}}}}}}}, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'M': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'S': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'W': {0: True}, 'H': {':': {'%': {'M': {':': {'%': {'S': {0: True}}}}}}, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'A': {0: True}, 'G': {0: True}, 'm': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'd': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}}}
INVERSE_FORMAT_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'%mstrict': '%m', '%dstrict': '%d', '%Hstrict': '%H', '%Istrict': '%I', '%Mstrict': '%M', '%Sstrict': '%S'}
INVERSE_FORMAT_TRIE: dict = {'%': {'m': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'd': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'H': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'I': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'M': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'S': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}}}
INVERSE_CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {}
ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: dict[str, str] = {'\x07': '\\a', '\x08': '\\b', '\x0c': '\\f', '\n': '\\n', '\r': '\\r', '\t': '\\t', '\x0b': '\\v', '\\': '\\\\'}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '`'
IDENTIFIER_END = '`'
BIT_START: str | None = "b'"
BIT_END: str | None = "'"
HEX_START: str | None = "x'"
HEX_END: str | None = "'"
BYTE_START: str | None = None
BYTE_END: str | None = None
UNICODE_START: str | None = None
UNICODE_END: str | None = None
class StarRocks.Tokenizer(sqlglot.dialects.MySQL.Tokenizer):
19    class Tokenizer(MySQL.Tokenizer):
20        KEYWORDS = {
21            **MySQL.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
22            "LARGEINT": TokenType.INT128,
23            "REFRESH": TokenType.REFRESH,
24        }
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '/*+': <TokenType.HINT: 293>, '&<': <TokenType.AMP_LT: 63>, '&>': <TokenType.AMP_GT: 64>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 28>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 14>, '?::': <TokenType.QDCOLON: 370>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 37>, '|>': <TokenType.PIPE_GT: 38>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 26>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 24>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 29>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 29>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 31>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 30>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 45>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 46>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 47>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 49>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 50>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 51>, '<<->>': <TokenType.LLRR_ARROW: 52>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 62>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 18>, '~~~': <TokenType.GLOB: 287>, '~~': <TokenType.LIKE: 318>, '~~*': <TokenType.ILIKE: 295>, '~*': <TokenType.IRLIKE: 307>, '-|-': <TokenType.ADJACENT: 65>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 220>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 34>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 221>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 222>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 225>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 218>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 226>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 228>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 228>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.BEGIN: 229>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 230>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 232>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 414>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 233>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 235>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 236>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 81>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 239>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 240>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 241>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COPY: 242>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 243>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 244>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 245>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 246>, 'CURRENT_SCHEMA': <TokenType.CURRENT_SCHEMA: 248>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 249>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 250>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 251>, 'CURRENT_CATALOG': <TokenType.CURRENT_CATALOG: 254>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 80>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 256>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 257>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 258>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 259>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 262>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 263>, 'DIV': <TokenType.DIV: 264>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 265>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 266>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 267>, 'ENUM': <TokenType.ENUM: 205>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 268>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 269>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 270>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 271>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 272>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 273>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 276>, 'FILE': <TokenType.FILE: 274>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 278>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 284>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 285>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 279>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 281>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 282>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 283>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 172>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 175>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 287>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 290>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 291>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 292>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 295>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 296>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 297>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 200>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 299>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 300>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 304>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 303>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 305>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 308>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 309>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 310>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 312>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 314>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 316>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 317>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 318>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 319>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 321>, 'LOCALTIME': <TokenType.LOCALTIME: 179>, 'LOCALTIMESTAMP': <TokenType.LOCALTIMESTAMP: 180>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 322>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 328>, 'NAMESPACE': <TokenType.NAMESPACE: 440>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 331>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 332>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 27>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 334>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 335>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 199>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 337>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 338>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 35>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 66>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 341>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 344>, 'OUT': <TokenType.OUT: 345>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 347>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 348>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 349>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 350>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 352>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 353>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 353>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 353>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 354>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 355>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 360>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 362>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 363>, 'OPERATOR': <TokenType.OPERATOR: 340>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 368>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 371>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 372>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 380>, 'RENAME': <TokenType.RENAME: 374>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 375>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 376>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 378>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 379>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 380>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 382>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 383>, 'ROW': <TokenType.ROW: 384>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 385>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 83>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 387>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 388>, 'SESSION': <TokenType.SESSION: 59>, 'SESSION_USER': <TokenType.SESSION_USER: 61>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 392>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 393>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 394>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 395>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 396>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 397>, 'SQL SECURITY': <TokenType.SQL_SECURITY: 399>, 'STRAIGHT_JOIN': <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 402>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 84>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 405>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 407>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 407>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 409>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 410>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 411>, 'TRIGGER': <TokenType.TRIGGER: 412>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 416>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 214>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 417>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 418>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 419>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 420>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 421>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 171>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 422>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 424>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 426>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 428>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 429>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 430>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 431>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 223>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 224>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 97>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 98>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 98>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 103>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 110>, 'UHUGEINT': <TokenType.UINT128: 111>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 110>, 'INT256': <TokenType.INT256: 112>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'INT8': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'UINT': <TokenType.UINT: 106>, 'UINT128': <TokenType.UINT128: 111>, 'UINT256': <TokenType.UINT256: 113>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'DECIMAL32': <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 118>, 'DECIMAL64': <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 119>, 'DECIMAL128': <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 120>, 'DECIMAL256': <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 121>, 'DECFLOAT': <TokenType.DECFLOAT: 122>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 124>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 124>, 'BIGNUM': <TokenType.BIGNUM: 109>, 'LIST': <TokenType.LIST: 320>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 323>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 174>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 114>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 114>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 114>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 115>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 115>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 115>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 141>, 'JSONB': <TokenType.JSONB: 142>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 125>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 125>, 'CHAR VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'CHARACTER VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 126>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 128>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 128>, 'BPCHAR': <TokenType.BPCHAR: 129>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 132>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 131>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 137>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 139>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.BLOB: 133>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 135>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 134>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 136>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 140>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 140>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 143>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 144>, 'TIME_NS': <TokenType.TIME_NS: 145>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 147>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 147>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 148>, 'TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 148>, 'TIMESTAMPNTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 149>, 'TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 149>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 157>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 153>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 159>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 160>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 161>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 162>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 163>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 164>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 165>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 166>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 167>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 168>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 169>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 170>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 432>, 'VECTOR': <TokenType.VECTOR: 215>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 403>, 'SEQUENCE': <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 390>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 198>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 219>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.ANALYZE: 439>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 238>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 259>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.GRANT: 289>, 'REVOKE': <TokenType.REVOKE: 377>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 193>, 'CHARSET': <TokenType.CHARACTER_SET: 234>, 'DISTINCTROW': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 262>, 'FORCE': <TokenType.FORCE: 280>, 'IGNORE': <TokenType.IGNORE: 294>, 'KEY': <TokenType.KEY: 313>, 'LOCK TABLES': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'MEMBER OF': <TokenType.MEMBER_OF: 327>, 'MOD': <TokenType.MOD: 329>, 'SEPARATOR': <TokenType.SEPARATOR: 389>, 'SERIAL': <TokenType.SERIAL: 188>, 'SIGNED': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'SIGNED INTEGER': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'START': <TokenType.BEGIN: 229>, 'UNLOCK TABLES': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'UNSIGNED': <TokenType.UBIGINT: 108>, 'UNSIGNED INTEGER': <TokenType.UBIGINT: 108>, 'YEAR': <TokenType.YEAR: 192>, '_ARMSCII8': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_ASCII': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_BIG5': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_BINARY': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_CP1250': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_CP1251': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_CP1256': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_CP1257': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_CP850': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_CP852': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_CP866': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_CP932': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_DEC8': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_EUCJPMS': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_EUCKR': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_GB18030': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_GB2312': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_GBK': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_GEOSTD8': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_GREEK': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_HEBREW': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_HP8': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_KEYBCS2': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_KOI8R': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_KOI8U': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_LATIN1': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_LATIN2': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_LATIN5': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_LATIN7': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_MACCE': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_MACROMAN': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_SJIS': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_SWE7': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_TIS620': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_UCS2': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_UJIS': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_UTF8': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_UTF16': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_UTF16LE': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_UTF32': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_UTF8MB3': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '_UTF8MB4': <TokenType.INTRODUCER: 306>, '@@': <TokenType.SESSION_PARAMETER: 60>, 'LARGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 110>, 'REFRESH': <TokenType.REFRESH: 373>}
BYTE_STRING_ESCAPES: ClassVar[list[str]] = ["'", '"', '\\']
class Tableau(sqlglot.dialects.Dialect):
10class Tableau(Dialect):
11    LOG_BASE_FIRST = False
12
13    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
14        IDENTIFIERS = [("[", "]")]
15        QUOTES = ["'", '"']
16
17    Generator = TableauGenerator
18
19    Parser = TableauParser
LOG_BASE_FIRST: bool | None = False

Whether the base comes first in the LOG function. Possible values: True, False, None (two arguments are not supported by LOG)

SUPPORTS_COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS = False

Whether the old-style outer join (+) syntax is supported.

STRINGS_SUPPORT_ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: bool = False

Whether string literals support escape sequences (e.g. \n). Set by the metaclass based on the tokenizer's STRING_ESCAPES.

BYTE_STRINGS_SUPPORT_ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: bool = False

Whether byte string literals support escape sequences. Set by the metaclass based on the tokenizer's BYTE_STRING_ESCAPES.

INITCAP_SUPPORTS_CUSTOM_DELIMITERS = False
tokenizer_class = <class 'Tableau.Tokenizer'>
jsonpath_tokenizer_class = <class 'sqlglot.dialects.dialect.JSONPathTokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'sqlglot.parsers.tableau.TableauParser'>
generator_class = <class 'sqlglot.generators.tableau.TableauGenerator'>
TIME_TRIE: dict = {}
FORMAT_TRIE: dict = {}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'%mstrict': '%m', '%dstrict': '%d', '%Hstrict': '%H', '%Istrict': '%I', '%Mstrict': '%M', '%Sstrict': '%S'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: dict = {'%': {'m': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'd': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'H': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'I': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'M': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'S': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}}}
INVERSE_FORMAT_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'%mstrict': '%m', '%dstrict': '%d', '%Hstrict': '%H', '%Istrict': '%I', '%Mstrict': '%M', '%Sstrict': '%S'}
INVERSE_FORMAT_TRIE: dict = {'%': {'m': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'd': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'H': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'I': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'M': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'S': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}}}
INVERSE_CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {}
ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: dict[str, str] = {}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '['
IDENTIFIER_END = ']'
VALID_INTERVAL_UNITS: set[str] = {'MICROSECS', 'MINUTES', 'YEAR', 'WY', 'DAYOFMONTH', 'DOW', 'MONTH', 'MICROSECOND', 'TIMEZONE_MINUTE', 'EPOCH_MICROSECONDS', 'MINUTE', 'DAYOFWEEK_ISO', 'TZH', 'Y', 'DW', 'WEEK', 'MM', 'DAYOFWEEK', 'QUARTER', 'MSEC', 'NSEC', 'M', 'USECS', 'NANOSECS', 'WEEKDAY', 'DW_ISO', 'MONTHS', 'D', 'MINS', 'DY', 'DAYOFYEAR', 'WK', 'HH', 'MS', 'TIMEZONE_HOUR', 'MIL', 'S', 'YYYY', 'DECADES', 'MON', 'NANOSECOND', 'WEEKOFYEAR', 'HOUR', 'TZM', 'MILLENNIUM', 'SECONDS', 'DOW_ISO', 'DAY OF WEEK', 'USECOND', 'H', 'MILLISECON', 'QTRS', 'MILLISECS', 'DOY', 'SECOND', 'EPOCH_MILLISECOND', 'HRS', 'DEC', 'EPOCH_SECONDS', 'YYY', 'YY', 'YRS', 'MSECONDS', 'SEC', 'USEC', 'MILLISECOND', 'HOURS', 'DAY OF YEAR', 'MILLISEC', 'C', 'MSECOND', 'WEEKDAY_ISO', 'EPOCH_NANOSECOND', 'NANOSEC', 'SECS', 'CENTURY', 'MILS', 'US', 'WEEKOFYEAR_ISO', 'WEEKOFYEARISO', 'QUARTERS', 'YR', 'EPOCH', 'EPOCH_MILLISECONDS', 'MONS', 'MILLISECONDS', 'MICROSECONDS', 'MI', 'WEEK_ISO', 'MIN', 'MILLENIA', 'WOY', 'CENTS', 'EPOCH_MICROSECOND', 'DAYS', 'MSECS', 'CENT', 'W', 'MICROSEC', 'HR', 'NS', 'DD', 'EPOCH_NANOSECONDS', 'DECADE', 'NSECONDS', 'DAY', 'DECS', 'DAYOFWEEKISO', 'USECONDS', 'YEARS', 'NSECOND', 'CENTURIES', 'WEEKISO', 'QTR', 'Q', 'EPOCH_SECOND'}
BIT_START: str | None = None
BIT_END: str | None = None
HEX_START: str | None = None
HEX_END: str | None = None
BYTE_START: str | None = None
BYTE_END: str | None = None
UNICODE_START: str | None = None
UNICODE_END: str | None = None
class Tableau.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer):
13    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
14        IDENTIFIERS = [("[", "]")]
15        QUOTES = ["'", '"']
IDENTIFIERS = [('[', ']')]
QUOTES = ["'", '"']
BYTE_STRING_ESCAPES: ClassVar[list[str]] = ["'"]
class Teradata(sqlglot.dialects.Dialect):
11class Teradata(Dialect):
12    TYPED_DIVISION = True
13
14    TIME_MAPPING = {
15        "YY": "%y",
16        "Y4": "%Y",
17        "YYYY": "%Y",
18        "M4": "%B",
19        "M3": "%b",
20        "M": "%-M",
21        "MI": "%M",
22        "MM": "%m",
23        "MMM": "%b",
24        "MMMM": "%B",
25        "D": "%-d",
26        "DD": "%d",
27        "D3": "%j",
28        "DDD": "%j",
29        "H": "%-H",
30        "HH": "%H",
31        "HH24": "%H",
32        "S": "%-S",
33        "SS": "%S",
34        "SSSSSS": "%f",
35        "E": "%a",
36        "EE": "%a",
37        "E3": "%a",
38        "E4": "%A",
39        "EEE": "%a",
40        "EEEE": "%A",
41    }
42
43    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
44        # Tested each of these and they work, although there is no
45        # Teradata documentation explicitly mentioning them.
46        HEX_STRINGS = [("X'", "'"), ("x'", "'"), ("0x", "")]
47        # https://docs.teradata.com/r/Teradata-Database-SQL-Functions-Operators-Exprs-and-Predicates/March-2017/Comparison-Operators-and-Functions/Comparison-Operators/ANSI-Compliance
48        # https://docs.teradata.com/r/SQL-Functions-Operators-Exprs-and-Predicates/June-2017/Arithmetic-Trigonometric-Hyperbolic-Operators/Functions
49        KEYWORDS = {
50            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
51            "**": TokenType.DSTAR,
52            "^=": TokenType.NEQ,
53            "BYTEINT": TokenType.SMALLINT,
54            "COLLECT": TokenType.COMMAND,
55            "DEL": TokenType.DELETE,
56            "EQ": TokenType.EQ,
57            "GE": TokenType.GTE,
58            "GT": TokenType.GT,
59            "HELP": TokenType.COMMAND,
60            "INS": TokenType.INSERT,
61            "LE": TokenType.LTE,
62            "LOCKING": TokenType.LOCK,
63            "LT": TokenType.LT,
64            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
65            "MOD": TokenType.MOD,
66            "NE": TokenType.NEQ,
67            "NOT=": TokenType.NEQ,
68            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
69            "SEL": TokenType.SELECT,
70            "ST_GEOMETRY": TokenType.GEOMETRY,
71            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
72            "UPD": TokenType.UPDATE,
73        }
74        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
75
76        # Teradata does not support % as a modulo operator
77        SINGLE_TOKENS = {**tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS}
78        SINGLE_TOKENS.pop("%")
79
80    Parser = TeradataParser
81
82    Generator = TeradataGenerator
TYPED_DIVISION = True

Whether the behavior of a / b depends on the types of a and b. False means a / b is always float division. True means a / b is integer division if both a and b are integers.

TIME_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'YY': '%y', 'Y4': '%Y', 'YYYY': '%Y', 'M4': '%B', 'M3': '%b', 'M': '%-M', 'MI': '%M', 'MM': '%m', 'MMM': '%b', 'MMMM': '%B', 'D': '%-d', 'DD': '%d', 'D3': '%j', 'DDD': '%j', 'H': '%-H', 'HH': '%H', 'HH24': '%H', 'S': '%-S', 'SS': '%S', 'SSSSSS': '%f', 'E': '%a', 'EE': '%a', 'E3': '%a', 'E4': '%A', 'EEE': '%a', 'EEEE': '%A'}

Associates this dialect's time formats with their equivalent Python strftime formats.

SUPPORTS_COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS = False

Whether the old-style outer join (+) syntax is supported.

STRINGS_SUPPORT_ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: bool = False

Whether string literals support escape sequences (e.g. \n). Set by the metaclass based on the tokenizer's STRING_ESCAPES.

BYTE_STRINGS_SUPPORT_ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: bool = False

Whether byte string literals support escape sequences. Set by the metaclass based on the tokenizer's BYTE_STRING_ESCAPES.

INITCAP_SUPPORTS_CUSTOM_DELIMITERS = False
tokenizer_class = <class 'Teradata.Tokenizer'>
jsonpath_tokenizer_class = <class 'sqlglot.dialects.dialect.JSONPathTokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'sqlglot.parsers.teradata.TeradataParser'>
generator_class = <class 'sqlglot.generators.teradata.TeradataGenerator'>
TIME_TRIE: dict = {'Y': {'Y': {0: True, 'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}}, '4': {0: True}}, 'M': {'4': {0: True}, '3': {0: True}, 0: True, 'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True, 'M': {0: True, 'M': {0: True}}}}, 'D': {0: True, 'D': {0: True, 'D': {0: True}}, '3': {0: True}}, 'H': {0: True, 'H': {0: True, '2': {'4': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {0: True, 'S': {0: True, 'S': {'S': {'S': {'S': {0: True}}}}}}, 'E': {0: True, 'E': {0: True, 'E': {0: True, 'E': {0: True}}}, '3': {0: True}, '4': {0: True}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: dict = {'Y': {'Y': {0: True, 'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}}, '4': {0: True}}, 'M': {'4': {0: True}, '3': {0: True}, 0: True, 'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True, 'M': {0: True, 'M': {0: True}}}}, 'D': {0: True, 'D': {0: True, 'D': {0: True}}, '3': {0: True}}, 'H': {0: True, 'H': {0: True, '2': {'4': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {0: True, 'S': {0: True, 'S': {'S': {'S': {'S': {0: True}}}}}}, 'E': {0: True, 'E': {0: True, 'E': {0: True, 'E': {0: True}}}, '3': {0: True}, '4': {0: True}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'%y': 'YY', '%Y': 'YYYY', '%B': 'MMMM', '%b': 'MMM', '%-M': 'M', '%M': 'MI', '%m': 'MM', '%-d': 'D', '%d': 'DD', '%j': 'DDD', '%-H': 'H', '%H': 'HH24', '%-S': 'S', '%S': 'SS', '%f': 'SSSSSS', '%a': 'EEE', '%A': 'EEEE', '%mstrict': 'MM', '%dstrict': 'DD', '%Hstrict': 'HH24', '%Istrict': '%I', '%Mstrict': 'MI', '%Sstrict': 'SS'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: dict = {'%': {'y': {0: True}, 'Y': {0: True}, 'B': {0: True}, 'b': {0: True}, '-': {'M': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True}}, 'M': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'm': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'd': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'j': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'S': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'f': {0: True}, 'a': {0: True}, 'A': {0: True}, 'I': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}}}
INVERSE_FORMAT_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'%mstrict': '%m', '%dstrict': '%d', '%Hstrict': '%H', '%Istrict': '%I', '%Mstrict': '%M', '%Sstrict': '%S'}
INVERSE_FORMAT_TRIE: dict = {'%': {'m': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'd': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'H': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'I': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'M': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'S': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}}}
INVERSE_CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {}
ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: dict[str, str] = {}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '"'
IDENTIFIER_END = '"'
VALID_INTERVAL_UNITS: set[str] = {'MICROSECS', 'MINUTES', 'YEAR', 'WY', 'DAYOFMONTH', 'DOW', 'MONTH', 'MICROSECOND', 'TIMEZONE_MINUTE', 'EPOCH_MICROSECONDS', 'MINUTE', 'DAYOFWEEK_ISO', 'TZH', 'Y', 'DW', 'WEEK', 'MM', 'DAYOFWEEK', 'QUARTER', 'MSEC', 'NSEC', 'M', 'USECS', 'NANOSECS', 'WEEKDAY', 'DW_ISO', 'MONTHS', 'D', 'MINS', 'DY', 'DAYOFYEAR', 'WK', 'HH', 'MS', 'TIMEZONE_HOUR', 'MIL', 'S', 'YYYY', 'DECADES', 'MON', 'NANOSECOND', 'WEEKOFYEAR', 'HOUR', 'TZM', 'MILLENNIUM', 'SECONDS', 'DOW_ISO', 'DAY OF WEEK', 'USECOND', 'H', 'MILLISECON', 'QTRS', 'MILLISECS', 'DOY', 'SECOND', 'EPOCH_MILLISECOND', 'HRS', 'DEC', 'EPOCH_SECONDS', 'YYY', 'YY', 'YRS', 'MSECONDS', 'SEC', 'USEC', 'MILLISECOND', 'HOURS', 'DAY OF YEAR', 'MILLISEC', 'C', 'MSECOND', 'WEEKDAY_ISO', 'EPOCH_NANOSECOND', 'NANOSEC', 'SECS', 'CENTURY', 'MILS', 'US', 'WEEKOFYEAR_ISO', 'WEEKOFYEARISO', 'QUARTERS', 'YR', 'EPOCH', 'EPOCH_MILLISECONDS', 'MONS', 'MILLISECONDS', 'MICROSECONDS', 'MI', 'WEEK_ISO', 'MIN', 'MILLENIA', 'WOY', 'CENTS', 'EPOCH_MICROSECOND', 'DAYS', 'MSECS', 'CENT', 'W', 'MICROSEC', 'HR', 'NS', 'DD', 'EPOCH_NANOSECONDS', 'DECADE', 'NSECONDS', 'DAY', 'DECS', 'DAYOFWEEKISO', 'USECONDS', 'YEARS', 'NSECOND', 'CENTURIES', 'WEEKISO', 'QTR', 'Q', 'EPOCH_SECOND'}
BIT_START: str | None = None
BIT_END: str | None = None
HEX_START: str | None = "X'"
HEX_END: str | None = "'"
BYTE_START: str | None = None
BYTE_END: str | None = None
UNICODE_START: str | None = None
UNICODE_END: str | None = None
class Teradata.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer):
43    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
44        # Tested each of these and they work, although there is no
45        # Teradata documentation explicitly mentioning them.
46        HEX_STRINGS = [("X'", "'"), ("x'", "'"), ("0x", "")]
47        # https://docs.teradata.com/r/Teradata-Database-SQL-Functions-Operators-Exprs-and-Predicates/March-2017/Comparison-Operators-and-Functions/Comparison-Operators/ANSI-Compliance
48        # https://docs.teradata.com/r/SQL-Functions-Operators-Exprs-and-Predicates/June-2017/Arithmetic-Trigonometric-Hyperbolic-Operators/Functions
49        KEYWORDS = {
50            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
51            "**": TokenType.DSTAR,
52            "^=": TokenType.NEQ,
53            "BYTEINT": TokenType.SMALLINT,
54            "COLLECT": TokenType.COMMAND,
55            "DEL": TokenType.DELETE,
56            "EQ": TokenType.EQ,
57            "GE": TokenType.GTE,
58            "GT": TokenType.GT,
59            "HELP": TokenType.COMMAND,
60            "INS": TokenType.INSERT,
61            "LE": TokenType.LTE,
62            "LOCKING": TokenType.LOCK,
63            "LT": TokenType.LT,
64            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
65            "MOD": TokenType.MOD,
66            "NE": TokenType.NEQ,
67            "NOT=": TokenType.NEQ,
68            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
69            "SEL": TokenType.SELECT,
70            "ST_GEOMETRY": TokenType.GEOMETRY,
71            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
72            "UPD": TokenType.UPDATE,
73        }
74        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
75
76        # Teradata does not support % as a modulo operator
77        SINGLE_TOKENS = {**tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS}
78        SINGLE_TOKENS.pop("%")
HEX_STRINGS = [("X'", "'"), ("x'", "'"), ('0x', '')]
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '&<': <TokenType.AMP_LT: 63>, '&>': <TokenType.AMP_GT: 64>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 28>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 14>, '?::': <TokenType.QDCOLON: 370>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 37>, '|>': <TokenType.PIPE_GT: 38>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 26>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 24>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 29>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 29>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 31>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 30>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 45>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 46>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 47>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 49>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 50>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 51>, '<<->>': <TokenType.LLRR_ARROW: 52>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 62>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 18>, '~~~': <TokenType.GLOB: 287>, '~~': <TokenType.LIKE: 318>, '~~*': <TokenType.ILIKE: 295>, '~*': <TokenType.IRLIKE: 307>, '-|-': <TokenType.ADJACENT: 65>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 220>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 34>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 221>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 222>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 225>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 218>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 226>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 228>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 228>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.BEGIN: 229>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 230>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 232>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 414>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 233>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 235>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 236>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 81>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 239>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 240>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 241>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COPY: 242>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 243>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 244>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 245>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 246>, 'CURRENT_SCHEMA': <TokenType.CURRENT_SCHEMA: 248>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 249>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 250>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 251>, 'CURRENT_CATALOG': <TokenType.CURRENT_CATALOG: 254>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 80>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 256>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 257>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 258>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 259>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 262>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 263>, 'DIV': <TokenType.DIV: 264>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 265>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 266>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 267>, 'ENUM': <TokenType.ENUM: 205>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 268>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 269>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 270>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 271>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 272>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 273>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 276>, 'FILE': <TokenType.FILE: 274>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 278>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 284>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 285>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 279>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 281>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 282>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 283>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 172>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 175>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 287>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 290>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 291>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 292>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 295>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 296>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 297>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 200>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 299>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 300>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 304>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 303>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 305>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 308>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 309>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 310>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 312>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 314>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 316>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 317>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 318>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 319>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 321>, 'LOCALTIME': <TokenType.LOCALTIME: 179>, 'LOCALTIMESTAMP': <TokenType.LOCALTIMESTAMP: 180>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 322>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 328>, 'NAMESPACE': <TokenType.NAMESPACE: 440>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 331>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 332>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 27>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 334>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 335>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 199>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 337>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 338>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 35>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 66>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 341>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 344>, 'OUT': <TokenType.OUT: 345>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 347>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 348>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 349>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 350>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 352>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 353>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 353>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 353>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 354>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 355>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 360>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 362>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 363>, 'OPERATOR': <TokenType.OPERATOR: 340>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 368>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 371>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 372>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 380>, 'RENAME': <TokenType.RENAME: 374>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 375>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 376>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 378>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 379>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 380>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 382>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 383>, 'ROW': <TokenType.ROW: 384>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 385>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 83>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 387>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 388>, 'SESSION': <TokenType.SESSION: 59>, 'SESSION_USER': <TokenType.SESSION_USER: 61>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 392>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 393>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 394>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 395>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 396>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 397>, 'SQL SECURITY': <TokenType.SQL_SECURITY: 399>, 'STRAIGHT_JOIN': <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 402>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 84>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 405>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 407>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 407>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 409>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 410>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 411>, 'TRIGGER': <TokenType.TRIGGER: 412>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 416>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 214>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 417>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 418>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 419>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 420>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 421>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 171>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 422>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 424>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 426>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 428>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 429>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 430>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 431>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 223>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 224>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 97>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 98>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 98>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 103>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 110>, 'UHUGEINT': <TokenType.UINT128: 111>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 110>, 'INT256': <TokenType.INT256: 112>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'INT8': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'UINT': <TokenType.UINT: 106>, 'UINT128': <TokenType.UINT128: 111>, 'UINT256': <TokenType.UINT256: 113>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'DECIMAL32': <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 118>, 'DECIMAL64': <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 119>, 'DECIMAL128': <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 120>, 'DECIMAL256': <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 121>, 'DECFLOAT': <TokenType.DECFLOAT: 122>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 124>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 124>, 'BIGNUM': <TokenType.BIGNUM: 109>, 'LIST': <TokenType.LIST: 320>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 323>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 174>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 114>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 114>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 114>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 115>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 115>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 115>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 141>, 'JSONB': <TokenType.JSONB: 142>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 125>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 125>, 'CHAR VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'CHARACTER VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 126>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 128>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 128>, 'BPCHAR': <TokenType.BPCHAR: 129>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 132>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 131>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 137>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 139>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 140>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 135>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 134>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 136>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 140>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 140>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 143>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 144>, 'TIME_NS': <TokenType.TIME_NS: 145>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 146>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 147>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 148>, 'TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 148>, 'TIMESTAMPNTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 149>, 'TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 149>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 157>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 153>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 159>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 160>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 161>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 162>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 163>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 164>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 165>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 166>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 167>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 168>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 169>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 170>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 432>, 'VECTOR': <TokenType.VECTOR: 215>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 403>, 'SEQUENCE': <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 390>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 198>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 219>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.ANALYZE: 439>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 238>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.GRANT: 289>, 'REVOKE': <TokenType.REVOKE: 377>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 193>, '**': <TokenType.DSTAR: 67>, '^=': <TokenType.NEQ: 29>, 'BYTEINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'COLLECT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'DEL': <TokenType.DELETE: 257>, 'EQ': <TokenType.EQ: 28>, 'GE': <TokenType.GTE: 26>, 'GT': <TokenType.GT: 25>, 'HELP': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'INS': <TokenType.INSERT: 300>, 'LE': <TokenType.LTE: 24>, 'LOCKING': <TokenType.LOCK: 322>, 'LT': <TokenType.LT: 23>, 'MINUS': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 269>, 'MOD': <TokenType.MOD: 329>, 'NE': <TokenType.NEQ: 29>, 'NOT=': <TokenType.NEQ: 29>, 'SAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 405>, 'SEL': <TokenType.SELECT: 387>, 'ST_GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 175>, 'TOP': <TokenType.TOP: 408>, 'UPD': <TokenType.UPDATE: 419>}
SINGLE_TOKENS = {'(': <TokenType.L_PAREN: 1>, ')': <TokenType.R_PAREN: 2>, '[': <TokenType.L_BRACKET: 3>, ']': <TokenType.R_BRACKET: 4>, '{': <TokenType.L_BRACE: 5>, '}': <TokenType.R_BRACE: 6>, '&': <TokenType.AMP: 36>, '^': <TokenType.CARET: 42>, ':': <TokenType.COLON: 11>, ',': <TokenType.COMMA: 7>, '.': <TokenType.DOT: 8>, '-': <TokenType.DASH: 9>, '=': <TokenType.EQ: 28>, '>': <TokenType.GT: 25>, '<': <TokenType.LT: 23>, '!': <TokenType.NOT: 27>, '|': <TokenType.PIPE: 39>, '+': <TokenType.PLUS: 10>, ';': <TokenType.SEMICOLON: 19>, '/': <TokenType.SLASH: 22>, '\\': <TokenType.BACKSLASH: 21>, '*': <TokenType.STAR: 20>, '~': <TokenType.TILDE: 44>, '?': <TokenType.PLACEHOLDER: 356>, '@': <TokenType.PARAMETER: 58>, '#': <TokenType.HASH: 48>, "'": <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 214>, '`': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 214>, '"': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 214>}
BYTE_STRING_ESCAPES: ClassVar[list[str]] = ["'"]
class Trino(sqlglot.dialects.Presto):
10class Trino(Presto):
11    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
12    LOG_BASE_FIRST = True
13    CONCAT_WS_COALESCE = True
14
15    class Tokenizer(Presto.Tokenizer):
16        KEYWORDS = {
17            **Presto.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
18            "REFRESH": TokenType.REFRESH,
19            "DECLARE": TokenType.DECLARE,
20        }
21        # Trino has no `SQL SECURITY` clause, only bare `SECURITY DEFINER`/`INVOKER`;
22        # the merged base keyword otherwise eats the `SQL` in `LANGUAGE SQL SECURITY DEFINER`.
23        KEYWORDS.pop("SQL SECURITY")
24
25    Parser = TrinoParser
26
27    Generator = TrinoGenerator
SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False

Whether user-defined data types are supported.

LOG_BASE_FIRST: bool | None = True

Whether the base comes first in the LOG function. Possible values: True, False, None (two arguments are not supported by LOG)

CONCAT_WS_COALESCE = True

A NULL arg in CONCAT_WS yields NULL by default, but in some dialects it is skipped.

SUPPORTS_COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS = False

Whether the old-style outer join (+) syntax is supported.

STRINGS_SUPPORT_ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: bool = False

Whether string literals support escape sequences (e.g. \n). Set by the metaclass based on the tokenizer's STRING_ESCAPES.

BYTE_STRINGS_SUPPORT_ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: bool = False

Whether byte string literals support escape sequences. Set by the metaclass based on the tokenizer's BYTE_STRING_ESCAPES.

INITCAP_SUPPORTS_CUSTOM_DELIMITERS = False
tokenizer_class = <class 'Trino.Tokenizer'>
jsonpath_tokenizer_class = <class 'sqlglot.dialects.dialect.JSONPathTokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'sqlglot.parsers.trino.TrinoParser'>
generator_class = <class 'sqlglot.generators.trino.TrinoGenerator'>
TIME_TRIE: dict = {'%': {'M': {0: True}, 'c': {0: True}, 'e': {0: True}, 'h': {0: True}, 'i': {0: True}, 's': {0: True}, 'u': {0: True}, 'k': {0: True}, 'l': {0: True}, 'r': {0: True}, 'T': {0: True}, 'W': {0: True}, 'x': {0: True}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: dict = {'%': {'M': {0: True}, 'c': {0: True}, 'e': {0: True}, 'h': {0: True}, 'i': {0: True}, 's': {0: True}, 'u': {0: True}, 'k': {0: True}, 'l': {0: True}, 'r': {0: True}, 'T': {0: True}, 'W': {0: True}, 'x': {0: True}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'%B': '%M', '%-m': '%c', '%-d': '%e', '%I': '%h', '%M': '%i', '%S': '%s', '%W': '%u', '%-H': '%k', '%-I': '%l', '%I:%M:%S %p': '%r', '%H:%M:%S': '%T', '%A': '%W', '%G': '%x', '%mstrict': '%m', '%dstrict': '%d', '%Hstrict': '%H', '%Istrict': '%h', '%Mstrict': '%i', '%Sstrict': '%s'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: dict = {'%': {'B': {0: True}, '-': {'m': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'I': {0: True, ':': {'%': {'M': {':': {'%': {'S': {' ': {'%': {'p': {0: True}}}}}}}}}, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'M': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'S': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'W': {0: True}, 'H': {':': {'%': {'M': {':': {'%': {'S': {0: True}}}}}}, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'A': {0: True}, 'G': {0: True}, 'm': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'd': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}}}
INVERSE_FORMAT_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'%mstrict': '%m', '%dstrict': '%d', '%Hstrict': '%H', '%Istrict': '%I', '%Mstrict': '%M', '%Sstrict': '%S'}
INVERSE_FORMAT_TRIE: dict = {'%': {'m': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'd': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'H': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'I': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'M': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'S': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}}}
INVERSE_CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {}
ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: dict[str, str] = {}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '"'
IDENTIFIER_END = '"'
VALID_INTERVAL_UNITS: set[str] = {'MICROSECS', 'MINUTES', 'YEAR', 'WY', 'DAYOFMONTH', 'DOW', 'MONTH', 'MICROSECOND', 'TIMEZONE_MINUTE', 'EPOCH_MICROSECONDS', 'MINUTE', 'DAYOFWEEK_ISO', 'TZH', 'Y', 'DW', 'WEEK', 'MM', 'DAYOFWEEK', 'QUARTER', 'MSEC', 'NSEC', 'M', 'USECS', 'NANOSECS', 'WEEKDAY', 'DW_ISO', 'MONTHS', 'D', 'MINS', 'DY', 'DAYOFYEAR', 'WK', 'HH', 'MS', 'TIMEZONE_HOUR', 'MIL', 'S', 'YYYY', 'DECADES', 'MON', 'NANOSECOND', 'WEEKOFYEAR', 'HOUR', 'TZM', 'MILLENNIUM', 'SECONDS', 'DOW_ISO', 'DAY OF WEEK', 'USECOND', 'H', 'MILLISECON', 'QTRS', 'MILLISECS', 'DOY', 'SECOND', 'EPOCH_MILLISECOND', 'HRS', 'DEC', 'EPOCH_SECONDS', 'YYY', 'YY', 'YRS', 'MSECONDS', 'SEC', 'USEC', 'MILLISECOND', 'HOURS', 'DAY OF YEAR', 'MILLISEC', 'C', 'MSECOND', 'WEEKDAY_ISO', 'EPOCH_NANOSECOND', 'NANOSEC', 'SECS', 'CENTURY', 'MILS', 'US', 'WEEKOFYEAR_ISO', 'WEEKOFYEARISO', 'QUARTERS', 'YR', 'EPOCH', 'EPOCH_MILLISECONDS', 'MONS', 'MILLISECONDS', 'MICROSECONDS', 'MI', 'WEEK_ISO', 'MIN', 'MILLENIA', 'WOY', 'CENTS', 'EPOCH_MICROSECOND', 'DAYS', 'MSECS', 'CENT', 'W', 'MICROSEC', 'HR', 'NS', 'DD', 'EPOCH_NANOSECONDS', 'DECADE', 'NSECONDS', 'DAY', 'DECS', 'DAYOFWEEKISO', 'USECONDS', 'YEARS', 'NSECOND', 'CENTURIES', 'WEEKISO', 'QTR', 'Q', 'EPOCH_SECOND'}
BIT_START: str | None = None
BIT_END: str | None = None
HEX_START: str | None = "x'"
HEX_END: str | None = "'"
BYTE_START: str | None = None
BYTE_END: str | None = None
UNICODE_START: str | None = "U&'"
UNICODE_END: str | None = "'"
class Trino.Tokenizer(sqlglot.dialects.Presto.Tokenizer):
15    class Tokenizer(Presto.Tokenizer):
16        KEYWORDS = {
17            **Presto.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
18            "REFRESH": TokenType.REFRESH,
19            "DECLARE": TokenType.DECLARE,
20        }
21        # Trino has no `SQL SECURITY` clause, only bare `SECURITY DEFINER`/`INVOKER`;
22        # the merged base keyword otherwise eats the `SQL` in `LANGUAGE SQL SECURITY DEFINER`.
23        KEYWORDS.pop("SQL SECURITY")
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '&<': <TokenType.AMP_LT: 63>, '&>': <TokenType.AMP_GT: 64>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 28>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 14>, '?::': <TokenType.QDCOLON: 370>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 37>, '|>': <TokenType.PIPE_GT: 38>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 26>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 24>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 29>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 29>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 31>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 30>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 45>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 46>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 47>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 49>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 50>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 51>, '<<->>': <TokenType.LLRR_ARROW: 52>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 62>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 18>, '~~~': <TokenType.GLOB: 287>, '~~': <TokenType.LIKE: 318>, '~~*': <TokenType.ILIKE: 295>, '~*': <TokenType.IRLIKE: 307>, '-|-': <TokenType.ADJACENT: 65>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 220>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 34>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 221>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 222>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 225>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 218>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 226>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 228>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 228>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.BEGIN: 229>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 230>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 232>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 414>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 233>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 235>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 236>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 81>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 239>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 240>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 241>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COPY: 242>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 243>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 244>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 245>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 246>, 'CURRENT_SCHEMA': <TokenType.CURRENT_SCHEMA: 248>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 249>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 250>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 251>, 'CURRENT_CATALOG': <TokenType.CURRENT_CATALOG: 254>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 80>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 256>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 257>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 258>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 259>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 262>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 263>, 'DIV': <TokenType.DIV: 264>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 265>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 266>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 267>, 'ENUM': <TokenType.ENUM: 205>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 268>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 269>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 270>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 271>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 272>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 273>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 276>, 'FILE': <TokenType.FILE: 274>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 278>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 284>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 285>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 279>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 281>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 282>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 283>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 172>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 175>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 287>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 290>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 291>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 292>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 295>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 296>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 297>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 200>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 299>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 300>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 304>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 303>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 305>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 308>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 309>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 310>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 312>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 314>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 316>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 317>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 318>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 319>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 321>, 'LOCALTIME': <TokenType.LOCALTIME: 179>, 'LOCALTIMESTAMP': <TokenType.LOCALTIMESTAMP: 180>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 322>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 328>, 'NAMESPACE': <TokenType.NAMESPACE: 440>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 331>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 332>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 27>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 334>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 335>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 199>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 337>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 338>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 35>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 66>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 341>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 344>, 'OUT': <TokenType.OUT: 345>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 347>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 348>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 349>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 350>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 352>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 353>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 353>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 353>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 354>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 355>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 360>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 362>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 363>, 'OPERATOR': <TokenType.OPERATOR: 340>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 371>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 372>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 380>, 'RENAME': <TokenType.RENAME: 374>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 375>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 376>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 378>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 379>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 380>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 382>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 383>, 'ROW': <TokenType.STRUCT: 403>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 385>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 83>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 387>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 388>, 'SESSION': <TokenType.SESSION: 59>, 'SESSION_USER': <TokenType.SESSION_USER: 61>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 392>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 393>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 394>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 395>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 396>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 397>, 'STRAIGHT_JOIN': <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 402>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 84>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 405>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 407>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 407>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 409>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 410>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 411>, 'TRIGGER': <TokenType.TRIGGER: 412>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 416>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 214>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 417>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 418>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 419>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 420>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 421>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 171>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 422>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 424>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 426>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 428>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 429>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 430>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 431>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 223>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 224>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 97>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 98>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 98>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 103>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 110>, 'UHUGEINT': <TokenType.UINT128: 111>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 110>, 'INT256': <TokenType.INT256: 112>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'INT8': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'UINT': <TokenType.UINT: 106>, 'UINT128': <TokenType.UINT128: 111>, 'UINT256': <TokenType.UINT256: 113>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'DECIMAL32': <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 118>, 'DECIMAL64': <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 119>, 'DECIMAL128': <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 120>, 'DECIMAL256': <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 121>, 'DECFLOAT': <TokenType.DECFLOAT: 122>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 124>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 124>, 'BIGNUM': <TokenType.BIGNUM: 109>, 'LIST': <TokenType.LIST: 320>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 323>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 174>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 114>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 114>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 114>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 115>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 115>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 115>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 141>, 'JSONB': <TokenType.JSONB: 142>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 125>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 125>, 'CHAR VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'CHARACTER VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 126>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 128>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 128>, 'BPCHAR': <TokenType.BPCHAR: 129>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 132>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 131>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 137>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 139>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 140>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 135>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 134>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 136>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 140>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 140>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 143>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 144>, 'TIME_NS': <TokenType.TIME_NS: 145>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 146>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 147>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 148>, 'TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 148>, 'TIMESTAMPNTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 149>, 'TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 149>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 157>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 153>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 159>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 160>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 161>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 162>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 163>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 164>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 165>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 166>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 167>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 168>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 169>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 170>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 432>, 'VECTOR': <TokenType.VECTOR: 215>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 403>, 'SEQUENCE': <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 390>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 198>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 219>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.ANALYZE: 439>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 238>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.GRANT: 289>, 'REVOKE': <TokenType.REVOKE: 377>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 193>, 'DEALLOCATE PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'DESCRIBE INPUT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'DESCRIBE OUTPUT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'RESET SESSION': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'START': <TokenType.BEGIN: 229>, 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE': <TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE: 326>, 'IPADDRESS': <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 201>, 'IPPREFIX': <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 202>, 'TDIGEST': <TokenType.TDIGEST: 213>, 'HYPERLOGLOG': <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 185>, 'REFRESH': <TokenType.REFRESH: 373>, 'DECLARE': <TokenType.DECLARE: 255>}
BYTE_STRING_ESCAPES: ClassVar[list[str]] = ["'"]
class TSQL(sqlglot.dialects.Dialect):
 15class TSQL(Dialect):
 16    # Week truncation follows @@DATEFIRST, which defaults to 7 (Sunday)
 17    WEEK_OFFSET = -1
 18
 19    LOG_BASE_FIRST = False
 20    TYPED_DIVISION = True
 21    CONCAT_COALESCE = True
 22    CONCAT_WS_COALESCE = True
 23    JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR_SCALAR_ONLY = True
 24    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE
 25    ALTER_TABLE_ADD_REQUIRED_FOR_EACH_COLUMN = False
 26
 27    TIME_FORMAT = "'yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss'"
 28
 29    EXPRESSION_METADATA = EXPRESSION_METADATA.copy()
 30
 31    DATE_PART_MAPPING = {
 32        **Dialect.DATE_PART_MAPPING,
 33        "QQ": "QUARTER",
 34        "M": "MONTH",
 35        "Y": "DAYOFYEAR",
 36        "WW": "WEEK",
 37        "N": "MINUTE",
 38        "SS": "SECOND",
 39        "MCS": "MICROSECOND",
 40        "TZOFFSET": "TIMEZONE_MINUTE",
 41        "TZ": "TIMEZONE_MINUTE",
 42        "ISO_WEEK": "WEEKISO",
 43        "ISOWK": "WEEKISO",
 44        "ISOWW": "WEEKISO",
 45    }
 46
 47    TIME_MAPPING = {
 48        "year": "%Y",
 49        "dayofyear": "%j",
 50        "day": "%d",
 51        "dy": "%d",
 52        "y": "%Y",
 53        "week": "%W",
 54        "ww": "%W",
 55        "wk": "%W",
 56        "isowk": "%V",
 57        "isoww": "%V",
 58        "iso_week": "%V",
 59        "hour": "%h",
 60        "hh": "%I",
 61        "minute": "%M",
 62        "mi": "%M",
 63        "n": "%M",
 64        "second": "%S",
 65        "ss": "%S",
 66        "s": "%-S",
 67        "millisecond": "%f",
 68        "ms": "%f",
 69        "weekday": "%w",
 70        "dw": "%w",
 71        "month": "%m",
 72        "mm": "%M",
 73        "m": "%-M",
 74        "Y": "%Y",
 75        "YYYY": "%Y",
 76        "YY": "%y",
 77        "MMMM": "%B",
 78        "MMM": "%b",
 79        "MM": "%m",
 80        "M": "%-m",
 81        "dddd": "%A",
 82        "dd": "%d",
 83        "d": "%-d",
 84        "HH": "%H",
 85        "H": "%-H",
 86        "h": "%-I",
 87        "ffffff": "%f",
 88        "yyyy": "%Y",
 89        "yy": "%y",
 90    }
 91
 92    CONVERT_FORMAT_MAPPING = {
 93        "0": "%b %d %Y %-I:%M%p",
 94        "1": "%m/%d/%y",
 95        "2": "%y.%m.%d",
 96        "3": "%d/%m/%y",
 97        "4": "%d.%m.%y",
 98        "5": "%d-%m-%y",
 99        "6": "%d %b %y",
100        "7": "%b %d, %y",
101        "8": "%H:%M:%S",
102        "9": "%b %d %Y %-I:%M:%S:%f%p",
103        "10": "mm-dd-yy",
104        "11": "yy/mm/dd",
105        "12": "yymmdd",
106        "13": "%d %b %Y %H:%M:ss:%f",
107        "14": "%H:%M:%S:%f",
108        "20": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",
109        "21": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f",
110        "22": "%m/%d/%y %-I:%M:%S %p",
111        "23": "%Y-%m-%d",
112        "24": "%H:%M:%S",
113        "25": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f",
114        "100": "%b %d %Y %-I:%M%p",
115        "101": "%m/%d/%Y",
116        "102": "%Y.%m.%d",
117        "103": "%d/%m/%Y",
118        "104": "%d.%m.%Y",
119        "105": "%d-%m-%Y",
120        "106": "%d %b %Y",
121        "107": "%b %d, %Y",
122        "108": "%H:%M:%S",
123        "109": "%b %d %Y %-I:%M:%S:%f%p",
124        "110": "%m-%d-%Y",
125        "111": "%Y/%m/%d",
126        "112": "%Y%m%d",
127        "113": "%d %b %Y %H:%M:%S:%f",
128        "114": "%H:%M:%S:%f",
129        "120": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",
130        "121": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f",
131        "126": "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%f",
132    }
133
134    FORMAT_TIME_MAPPING = {
135        "y": "%B %Y",
136        "d": "%m/%d/%Y",
137        "H": "%-H",
138        "h": "%-I",
139        "s": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",
140        "D": "%A,%B,%Y",
141        "f": "%A,%B,%Y %-I:%M %p",
142        "F": "%A,%B,%Y %-I:%M:%S %p",
143        "g": "%m/%d/%Y %-I:%M %p",
144        "G": "%m/%d/%Y %-I:%M:%S %p",
145        "M": "%B %-d",
146        "m": "%B %-d",
147        "O": "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S",
148        "u": "%Y-%M-%D %H:%M:%S%z",
149        "U": "%A, %B %D, %Y %H:%M:%S%z",
150        "T": "%-I:%M:%S %p",
151        "t": "%-I:%M",
152        "Y": "%a %Y",
153    }
154
155    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
156        IDENTIFIERS = [("[", "]"), '"']
157        QUOTES = ["'", '"']
158        HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
159        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"@", "$", "#"}
160
161        KEYWORDS = {
162            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
163            "CLUSTERED INDEX": TokenType.INDEX,
164            "DATETIME2": TokenType.DATETIME2,
165            "DATETIMEOFFSET": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
166            "DECLARE": TokenType.DECLARE,
167            "EXEC": TokenType.EXECUTE,
168            "GO": TokenType.COMMAND,
169            "IMAGE": TokenType.IMAGE,
170            "MONEY": TokenType.MONEY,
171            "NONCLUSTERED INDEX": TokenType.INDEX,
172            "NTEXT": TokenType.TEXT,
173            "OPTION": TokenType.OPTION,
174            "OUTPUT": TokenType.RETURNING,
175            "PRINT": TokenType.COMMAND,
176            "PROC": TokenType.PROCEDURE,
177            "REAL": TokenType.FLOAT,
178            "ROWVERSION": TokenType.ROWVERSION,
179            "SMALLDATETIME": TokenType.SMALLDATETIME,
180            "SMALLMONEY": TokenType.SMALLMONEY,
181            "SQL_VARIANT": TokenType.VARIANT,
182            "SYSTEM_USER": TokenType.CURRENT_USER,
183            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
184            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.ROWVERSION,
185            "TINYINT": TokenType.UTINYINT,
186            "UNIQUEIDENTIFIER": TokenType.UUID,
187            "UPDATE STATISTICS": TokenType.COMMAND,
188            "XML": TokenType.XML,
189        }
190        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
191
192        COMMANDS = {*tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS, TokenType.END} - {TokenType.EXECUTE}
193
194    Parser = TSQLParser
195
196    Generator = TSQLGenerator
WEEK_OFFSET = -1

First day of the week in DATE_TRUNC(week). Defaults to 0 (Monday). -1 would be Sunday.

LOG_BASE_FIRST: bool | None = False

Whether the base comes first in the LOG function. Possible values: True, False, None (two arguments are not supported by LOG)

TYPED_DIVISION = True

Whether the behavior of a / b depends on the types of a and b. False means a / b is always float division. True means a / b is integer division if both a and b are integers.

CONCAT_COALESCE = True

A NULL arg in CONCAT yields NULL by default, but in some dialects it yields an empty string.

CONCAT_WS_COALESCE = True

A NULL arg in CONCAT_WS yields NULL by default, but in some dialects it is skipped.

JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR_SCALAR_ONLY = True

Whether JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR returns null if a non-scalar value is selected.

NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = <NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE: 'CASE_INSENSITIVE'>

Specifies the strategy according to which identifiers should be normalized.

ALTER_TABLE_ADD_REQUIRED_FOR_EACH_COLUMN = False
TIME_FORMAT = "'yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss'"
EXPRESSION_METADATA = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Add'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Adjacent'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.And'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayContainedBy'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayContains'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayContainsAll'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayOverlaps'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayPosition'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Binary'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseAnd'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseLeftShift'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseOr'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseRightShift'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseXor'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Collate'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Connector'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Corr'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.DPipe'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Distance'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.DistanceNd'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Div'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Dot'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.EQ'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Escape'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.ExtendsLeft'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.ExtendsRight'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.GT'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.GTE'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Glob'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.ILike'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.IntDiv'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Is'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONArrayContains'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBContains'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBContainsAllTopKeys'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBContainsAnyTopKeys'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBContainsTopKey'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBDeleteAtPath'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBExtract'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBExtractScalar'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONBPathExists'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONExtract'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONExtractScalar'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Kwarg'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.LT'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.LTE'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Like'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Match'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Mod'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Mul'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.NEQ'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.NestedJSONSelect'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.NullSafeEQ'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.NullSafeNEQ'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Operator'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Or'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Overlaps'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Pow'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.PropertyEQ'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.RegexpFullMatch'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.RegexpILike'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.RegexpLike'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.SimilarTo'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Sub'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Xor'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Alias'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseNot'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.IgnoreNulls'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Neg'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Not'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Paren'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.PivotAlias'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.RespectNulls'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Unary'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.DenseRank'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.RowNumber'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixSeconds'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArraySize'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixMillis'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Int64'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixMicros'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.ApproxDistinct'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.CountIf'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Rank'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Ntile'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.FromBase64'>: {'returns': <DType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.FromBase32'>: {'returns': <DType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.IsNan'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.IsInf'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Any'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.EndsWith'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.StartsWith'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Between'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.All'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Boolean'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.LogicalOr'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Contains'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.LogicalAnd'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Exists'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.In'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.CurrentDate'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeStrToDate'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DiToDate'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TsOrDsToDate'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.LastDay'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.StrToDate'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateFromParts'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateStrToDate'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Date'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Datetime'>: {'returns': <DType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DatetimeAdd'>: {'returns': <DType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DatetimeSub'>: {'returns': <DType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.CurrentDatetime'>: {'returns': <DType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Asinh'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Radians'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Sqrt'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.ToDouble'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Cosh'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Round'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Kurtosis'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Asin'>: {'returns': <DType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Pi'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.StddevPop'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Quantile'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Ln'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Acos'>: {'returns': <DType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Skewness'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.CumeDist'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.VariancePop'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.CovarPop'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Tan'>: {'returns': <DType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Atan'>: {'returns': <DType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Sin'>: {'returns': <DType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Avg'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Rand'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.SafeDivide'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Degrees'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Variance'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Cot'>: {'returns': <DType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.StddevSamp'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Exp'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Cos'>: {'returns': <DType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.ApproxQuantile'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Log'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Acosh'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Cbrt'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Stddev'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.PercentRank'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.CovarSamp'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.PercentileCont'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Tanh'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Atanh'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Sinh'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DayOfWeek'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Floor'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Levenshtein'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Ceil'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateToDi'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Unicode'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Quarter'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.BitLength'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Hour'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.StrPosition'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DayOfMonth'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DatetimeDiff'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Getbit'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Sign'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixDate'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Ascii'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DayOfYear'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Length'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TsOrDiToDi'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeDiff'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimestampDiff'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.datatypes.Interval'>: {'returns': <DType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.MakeInterval'>: {'returns': <DType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.JustifyInterval'>: {'returns': <DType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.JustifyHours'>: {'returns': <DType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.JustifyDays'>: {'returns': <DType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.ParseJSON'>: {'returns': <DType.JSON: 'JSON'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeAdd'>: {'returns': <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Time'>: {'returns': <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeSub'>: {'returns': <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Localtime'>: {'returns': <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.CurrentTime'>: {'returns': <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimestampLtzFromParts'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.CurrentTimestampLTZ'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimestampTzFromParts'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeStrToTime'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixToTime'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.StrToTime'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimestampSub'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.CurrentTimestamp'>: {'returns': <DType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimestampAdd'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Month'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.YearOfWeek'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Year'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DayOfWeekIso'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.WeekOfYear'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Week'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Day'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.YearOfWeekIso'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayToString'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentCatalog'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentUser'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixToTimeStr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Repeat'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Dayname'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.GroupConcat'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentSchema'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Space'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentRole'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Initcap'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.RawString'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.ToBase32'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Typeof'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Chr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.ConcatWs'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeToStr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Translate'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.SHA2'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Substring'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.SHA'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixToStr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.String'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.MD5'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Lower'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Trim'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TsOrDsToDateStr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.ToBase64'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Upper'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Concat'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateToDateStr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.SessionUser'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeToTimeStr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Monthname'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentVersion'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.LastValue'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Abs'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Filter'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.ArrayConcatAgg'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.Limit'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.Window'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArraySlice'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.HavingMax'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.NthValue'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.SortArray'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayReverse'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.AnyValue'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.Order'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.FirstValue'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Min'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Coalesce'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Max'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayConcat'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Least'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Greatest'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayFirst'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayLast'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Anonymous'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateTrunc'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateAdd'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateSub'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Cast'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.TryCast'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.Map'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.VarMap'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.Array'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.ArrayAgg'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Bracket'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Case'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Count'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateDiff'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.datatypes.DataType'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Distinct'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.Explode'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Extract'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.HexString'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.GenerateSeries'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.GenerateDateArray'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.GenerateTimestampArray'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.If'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Lag'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Lead'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Literal'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Null'>: {'returns': <DType.NULL: 'NULL'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Nullif'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.Struct'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Sum'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Timestamp'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ToMap'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.Unnest'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.WithinGroup'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.Subquery'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Atan2'>: {'returns': <DType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Soundex'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Stuff'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.CurrentTimezone'>: {'returns': <DType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>}}
DATE_PART_MAPPING = {'Y': 'DAYOFYEAR', 'YY': 'YEAR', 'YYY': 'YEAR', 'YYYY': 'YEAR', 'YR': 'YEAR', 'YEARS': 'YEAR', 'YRS': 'YEAR', 'MM': 'MONTH', 'MON': 'MONTH', 'MONS': 'MONTH', 'MONTHS': 'MONTH', 'D': 'DAY', 'DD': 'DAY', 'DAYS': 'DAY', 'DAYOFMONTH': 'DAY', 'DAY OF WEEK': 'DAYOFWEEK', 'WEEKDAY': 'DAYOFWEEK', 'DOW': 'DAYOFWEEK', 'DW': 'DAYOFWEEK', 'WEEKDAY_ISO': 'DAYOFWEEKISO', 'DOW_ISO': 'DAYOFWEEKISO', 'DW_ISO': 'DAYOFWEEKISO', 'DAYOFWEEK_ISO': 'DAYOFWEEKISO', 'DAY OF YEAR': 'DAYOFYEAR', 'DOY': 'DAYOFYEAR', 'DY': 'DAYOFYEAR', 'W': 'WEEK', 'WK': 'WEEK', 'WEEKOFYEAR': 'WEEK', 'WOY': 'WEEK', 'WY': 'WEEK', 'WEEK_ISO': 'WEEKISO', 'WEEKOFYEARISO': 'WEEKISO', 'WEEKOFYEAR_ISO': 'WEEKISO', 'Q': 'QUARTER', 'QTR': 'QUARTER', 'QTRS': 'QUARTER', 'QUARTERS': 'QUARTER', 'H': 'HOUR', 'HH': 'HOUR', 'HR': 'HOUR', 'HOURS': 'HOUR', 'HRS': 'HOUR', 'M': 'MONTH', 'MI': 'MINUTE', 'MIN': 'MINUTE', 'MINUTES': 'MINUTE', 'MINS': 'MINUTE', 'S': 'SECOND', 'SEC': 'SECOND', 'SECONDS': 'SECOND', 'SECS': 'SECOND', 'MS': 'MILLISECOND', 'MSEC': 'MILLISECOND', 'MSECS': 'MILLISECOND', 'MSECOND': 'MILLISECOND', 'MSECONDS': 'MILLISECOND', 'MILLISEC': 'MILLISECOND', 'MILLISECS': 'MILLISECOND', 'MILLISECON': 'MILLISECOND', 'MILLISECONDS': 'MILLISECOND', 'US': 'MICROSECOND', 'USEC': 'MICROSECOND', 'USECS': 'MICROSECOND', 'MICROSEC': 'MICROSECOND', 'MICROSECS': 'MICROSECOND', 'USECOND': 'MICROSECOND', 'USECONDS': 'MICROSECOND', 'MICROSECONDS': 'MICROSECOND', 'NS': 'NANOSECOND', 'NSEC': 'NANOSECOND', 'NANOSEC': 'NANOSECOND', 'NSECOND': 'NANOSECOND', 'NSECONDS': 'NANOSECOND', 'NANOSECS': 'NANOSECOND', 'EPOCH_SECOND': 'EPOCH', 'EPOCH_SECONDS': 'EPOCH', 'EPOCH_MILLISECONDS': 'EPOCH_MILLISECOND', 'EPOCH_MICROSECONDS': 'EPOCH_MICROSECOND', 'EPOCH_NANOSECONDS': 'EPOCH_NANOSECOND', 'TZH': 'TIMEZONE_HOUR', 'TZM': 'TIMEZONE_MINUTE', 'DEC': 'DECADE', 'DECS': 'DECADE', 'DECADES': 'DECADE', 'MIL': 'MILLENNIUM', 'MILS': 'MILLENNIUM', 'MILLENIA': 'MILLENNIUM', 'C': 'CENTURY', 'CENT': 'CENTURY', 'CENTS': 'CENTURY', 'CENTURIES': 'CENTURY', 'QQ': 'QUARTER', 'WW': 'WEEK', 'N': 'MINUTE', 'SS': 'SECOND', 'MCS': 'MICROSECOND', 'TZOFFSET': 'TIMEZONE_MINUTE', 'TZ': 'TIMEZONE_MINUTE', 'ISO_WEEK': 'WEEKISO', 'ISOWK': 'WEEKISO', 'ISOWW': 'WEEKISO'}
TIME_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'year': '%Y', 'dayofyear': '%j', 'day': '%d', 'dy': '%d', 'y': '%Y', 'week': '%W', 'ww': '%W', 'wk': '%W', 'isowk': '%V', 'isoww': '%V', 'iso_week': '%V', 'hour': '%h', 'hh': '%I', 'minute': '%M', 'mi': '%M', 'n': '%M', 'second': '%S', 'ss': '%S', 's': '%-S', 'millisecond': '%f', 'ms': '%f', 'weekday': '%w', 'dw': '%w', 'month': '%m', 'mm': '%M', 'm': '%-M', 'Y': '%Y', 'YYYY': '%Y', 'YY': '%y', 'MMMM': '%B', 'MMM': '%b', 'MM': '%m', 'M': '%-m', 'dddd': '%A', 'dd': '%d', 'd': '%-d', 'HH': '%H', 'H': '%-H', 'h': '%-I', 'ffffff': '%f', 'yyyy': '%Y', 'yy': '%y'}

Associates this dialect's time formats with their equivalent Python strftime formats.

CONVERT_FORMAT_MAPPING = {'0': '%b %d %Y %-I:%M%p', '1': '%m/%d/%y', '2': '%y.%m.%d', '3': '%d/%m/%y', '4': '%d.%m.%y', '5': '%d-%m-%y', '6': '%d %b %y', '7': '%b %d, %y', '8': '%H:%M:%S', '9': '%b %d %Y %-I:%M:%S:%f%p', '10': 'mm-dd-yy', '11': 'yy/mm/dd', '12': 'yymmdd', '13': '%d %b %Y %H:%M:ss:%f', '14': '%H:%M:%S:%f', '20': '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', '21': '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f', '22': '%m/%d/%y %-I:%M:%S %p', '23': '%Y-%m-%d', '24': '%H:%M:%S', '25': '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f', '100': '%b %d %Y %-I:%M%p', '101': '%m/%d/%Y', '102': '%Y.%m.%d', '103': '%d/%m/%Y', '104': '%d.%m.%Y', '105': '%d-%m-%Y', '106': '%d %b %Y', '107': '%b %d, %Y', '108': '%H:%M:%S', '109': '%b %d %Y %-I:%M:%S:%f%p', '110': '%m-%d-%Y', '111': '%Y/%m/%d', '112': '%Y%m%d', '113': '%d %b %Y %H:%M:%S:%f', '114': '%H:%M:%S:%f', '120': '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', '121': '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f', '126': '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%f'}
FORMAT_TIME_MAPPING = {'y': '%B %Y', 'd': '%m/%d/%Y', 'H': '%-H', 'h': '%-I', 's': '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', 'D': '%A,%B,%Y', 'f': '%A,%B,%Y %-I:%M %p', 'F': '%A,%B,%Y %-I:%M:%S %p', 'g': '%m/%d/%Y %-I:%M %p', 'G': '%m/%d/%Y %-I:%M:%S %p', 'M': '%B %-d', 'm': '%B %-d', 'O': '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S', 'u': '%Y-%M-%D %H:%M:%S%z', 'U': '%A, %B %D, %Y %H:%M:%S%z', 'T': '%-I:%M:%S %p', 't': '%-I:%M', 'Y': '%a %Y'}
Parser = <class 'sqlglot.parsers.tsql.TSQLParser'>
SUPPORTS_COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS = False

Whether the old-style outer join (+) syntax is supported.

STRINGS_SUPPORT_ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: bool = False

Whether string literals support escape sequences (e.g. \n). Set by the metaclass based on the tokenizer's STRING_ESCAPES.

BYTE_STRINGS_SUPPORT_ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: bool = False

Whether byte string literals support escape sequences. Set by the metaclass based on the tokenizer's BYTE_STRING_ESCAPES.

INITCAP_SUPPORTS_CUSTOM_DELIMITERS = False
tokenizer_class = <class 'TSQL.Tokenizer'>
jsonpath_tokenizer_class = <class 'sqlglot.dialects.dialect.JSONPathTokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'sqlglot.parsers.tsql.TSQLParser'>
generator_class = <class 'sqlglot.generators.tsql.TSQLGenerator'>
TIME_TRIE: dict = {'y': {'e': {'a': {'r': {0: True}}}, 0: True, 'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'd': {'a': {'y': {'o': {'f': {'y': {'e': {'a': {'r': {0: True}}}}}}, 0: True}}, 'y': {0: True}, 'w': {0: True}, 'd': {'d': {'d': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 'w': {'e': {'e': {'k': {0: True, 'd': {'a': {'y': {0: True}}}}}}, 'w': {0: True}, 'k': {0: True}}, 'i': {'s': {'o': {'w': {'k': {0: True}, 'w': {0: True}}, '_': {'w': {'e': {'e': {'k': {0: True}}}}}}}}, 'h': {'o': {'u': {'r': {0: True}}}, 'h': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'm': {'i': {'n': {'u': {'t': {'e': {0: True}}}}, 0: True, 'l': {'l': {'i': {'s': {'e': {'c': {'o': {'n': {'d': {0: True}}}}}}}}}}, 's': {0: True}, 'o': {'n': {'t': {'h': {0: True}}}}, 'm': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'n': {0: True}, 's': {'e': {'c': {'o': {'n': {'d': {0: True}}}}}, 's': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'Y': {0: True, 'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 'H': {'H': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'f': {'f': {'f': {'f': {'f': {'f': {0: True}}}}}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: dict = {'y': {'e': {'a': {'r': {0: True}}}, 0: True, 'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'd': {'a': {'y': {'o': {'f': {'y': {'e': {'a': {'r': {0: True}}}}}}, 0: True}}, 'y': {0: True}, 'w': {0: True}, 'd': {'d': {'d': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 'w': {'e': {'e': {'k': {0: True, 'd': {'a': {'y': {0: True}}}}}}, 'w': {0: True}, 'k': {0: True}}, 'i': {'s': {'o': {'w': {'k': {0: True}, 'w': {0: True}}, '_': {'w': {'e': {'e': {'k': {0: True}}}}}}}}, 'h': {'o': {'u': {'r': {0: True}}}, 'h': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'm': {'i': {'n': {'u': {'t': {'e': {0: True}}}}, 0: True, 'l': {'l': {'i': {'s': {'e': {'c': {'o': {'n': {'d': {0: True}}}}}}}}}}, 's': {0: True}, 'o': {'n': {'t': {'h': {0: True}}}}, 'm': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'n': {0: True}, 's': {'e': {'c': {'o': {'n': {'d': {0: True}}}}}, 's': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'Y': {0: True, 'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 'H': {'H': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'f': {'f': {'f': {'f': {'f': {'f': {0: True}}}}}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'%Y': 'yyyy', '%j': 'dayofyear', '%d': 'dd', '%W': 'wk', '%V': 'iso_week', '%h': 'hour', '%I': 'hh', '%M': 'mm', '%S': 'ss', '%-S': 's', '%f': 'ffffff', '%w': 'dw', '%m': 'MM', '%-M': 'm', '%y': 'yy', '%B': 'MMMM', '%b': 'MMM', '%-m': 'M', '%A': 'dddd', '%-d': 'd', '%H': 'HH', '%-H': 'H', '%-I': 'h', '%mstrict': 'MM', '%dstrict': 'dd', '%Hstrict': 'HH', '%Istrict': 'hh', '%Mstrict': 'mm', '%Sstrict': 'ss'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: dict = {'%': {'Y': {0: True}, 'j': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'W': {0: True}, 'V': {0: True}, 'h': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'M': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'S': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, '-': {'S': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'm': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'f': {0: True}, 'w': {0: True}, 'm': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'y': {0: True}, 'B': {0: True}, 'b': {0: True}, 'A': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True, 's': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}}}
INVERSE_FORMAT_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'%mstrict': '%m', '%dstrict': '%d', '%Hstrict': '%H', '%Istrict': '%I', '%Mstrict': '%M', '%Sstrict': '%S'}
INVERSE_FORMAT_TRIE: dict = {'%': {'m': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'd': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'H': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'I': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'M': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'S': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}}}
INVERSE_CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {}
ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: dict[str, str] = {}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '['
IDENTIFIER_END = ']'
VALID_INTERVAL_UNITS: set[str] = {'MICROSECS', 'MINUTES', 'YEAR', 'WY', 'DAYOFMONTH', 'DOW', 'MONTH', 'MICROSECOND', 'TIMEZONE_MINUTE', 'EPOCH_MICROSECONDS', 'MINUTE', 'DAYOFWEEK_ISO', 'TZH', 'Y', 'DW', 'WEEK', 'MM', 'DAYOFWEEK', 'QUARTER', 'MSEC', 'NSEC', 'M', 'USECS', 'MCS', 'NANOSECS', 'WEEKDAY', 'DW_ISO', 'MONTHS', 'D', 'MINS', 'DY', 'DAYOFYEAR', 'WK', 'HH', 'MS', 'TIMEZONE_HOUR', 'MIL', 'S', 'WW', 'YYYY', 'DECADES', 'MON', 'NANOSECOND', 'WEEKOFYEAR', 'N', 'HOUR', 'TZM', 'MILLENNIUM', 'ISO_WEEK', 'SECONDS', 'DOW_ISO', 'DAY OF WEEK', 'USECOND', 'H', 'MILLISECON', 'QTRS', 'MILLISECS', 'DOY', 'SECOND', 'EPOCH_MILLISECOND', 'HRS', 'DEC', 'EPOCH_SECONDS', 'YYY', 'QQ', 'YY', 'YRS', 'MSECONDS', 'SEC', 'USEC', 'MILLISECOND', 'HOURS', 'DAY OF YEAR', 'MILLISEC', 'TZOFFSET', 'C', 'MSECOND', 'WEEKDAY_ISO', 'EPOCH_NANOSECOND', 'NANOSEC', 'SECS', 'CENTURY', 'MILS', 'US', 'WEEKOFYEAR_ISO', 'WEEKOFYEARISO', 'QUARTERS', 'YR', 'EPOCH', 'EPOCH_MILLISECONDS', 'MONS', 'MILLISECONDS', 'MICROSECONDS', 'MI', 'WEEK_ISO', 'TZ', 'MIN', 'MILLENIA', 'WOY', 'CENTS', 'EPOCH_MICROSECOND', 'DAYS', 'MSECS', 'CENT', 'W', 'MICROSEC', 'HR', 'NS', 'DD', 'EPOCH_NANOSECONDS', 'DECADE', 'SS', 'NSECONDS', 'DAY', 'ISOWW', 'DECS', 'DAYOFWEEKISO', 'USECONDS', 'YEARS', 'NSECOND', 'CENTURIES', 'ISOWK', 'WEEKISO', 'QTR', 'Q', 'EPOCH_SECOND'}
BIT_START: str | None = None
BIT_END: str | None = None
HEX_START: str | None = '0x'
HEX_END: str | None = ''
BYTE_START: str | None = None
BYTE_END: str | None = None
UNICODE_START: str | None = None
UNICODE_END: str | None = None
class TSQL.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer):
155    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
156        IDENTIFIERS = [("[", "]"), '"']
157        QUOTES = ["'", '"']
158        HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
159        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"@", "$", "#"}
160
161        KEYWORDS = {
162            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
163            "CLUSTERED INDEX": TokenType.INDEX,
164            "DATETIME2": TokenType.DATETIME2,
165            "DATETIMEOFFSET": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
166            "DECLARE": TokenType.DECLARE,
167            "EXEC": TokenType.EXECUTE,
168            "GO": TokenType.COMMAND,
169            "IMAGE": TokenType.IMAGE,
170            "MONEY": TokenType.MONEY,
171            "NONCLUSTERED INDEX": TokenType.INDEX,
172            "NTEXT": TokenType.TEXT,
173            "OPTION": TokenType.OPTION,
174            "OUTPUT": TokenType.RETURNING,
175            "PRINT": TokenType.COMMAND,
176            "PROC": TokenType.PROCEDURE,
177            "REAL": TokenType.FLOAT,
178            "ROWVERSION": TokenType.ROWVERSION,
179            "SMALLDATETIME": TokenType.SMALLDATETIME,
180            "SMALLMONEY": TokenType.SMALLMONEY,
181            "SQL_VARIANT": TokenType.VARIANT,
182            "SYSTEM_USER": TokenType.CURRENT_USER,
183            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
184            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.ROWVERSION,
185            "TINYINT": TokenType.UTINYINT,
186            "UNIQUEIDENTIFIER": TokenType.UUID,
187            "UPDATE STATISTICS": TokenType.COMMAND,
188            "XML": TokenType.XML,
189        }
190        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
191
192        COMMANDS = {*tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS, TokenType.END} - {TokenType.EXECUTE}
IDENTIFIERS = [('[', ']'), '"']
QUOTES = ["'", '"']
HEX_STRINGS = [('0x', ''), ('0X', '')]
VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {'#', '@', '$'}
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 73>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 74>, '&<': <TokenType.AMP_LT: 63>, '&>': <TokenType.AMP_GT: 64>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 28>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 14>, '?::': <TokenType.QDCOLON: 370>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 37>, '|>': <TokenType.PIPE_GT: 38>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 26>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 24>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 29>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 29>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 31>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 30>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 45>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 46>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 47>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 49>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 50>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 51>, '<<->>': <TokenType.LLRR_ARROW: 52>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 62>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 18>, '~~~': <TokenType.GLOB: 287>, '~~': <TokenType.LIKE: 318>, '~~*': <TokenType.ILIKE: 295>, '~*': <TokenType.IRLIKE: 307>, '-|-': <TokenType.ADJACENT: 65>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 220>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 34>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 221>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 222>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 225>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 218>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 226>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 228>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 228>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.BEGIN: 229>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 230>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 232>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 414>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 233>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 235>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 236>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 81>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 239>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 240>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 241>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COPY: 242>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 243>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 244>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 245>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 246>, 'CURRENT_SCHEMA': <TokenType.CURRENT_SCHEMA: 248>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 249>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 250>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 251>, 'CURRENT_CATALOG': <TokenType.CURRENT_CATALOG: 254>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 80>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 256>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 257>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 258>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 259>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 262>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 263>, 'DIV': <TokenType.DIV: 264>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 265>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 266>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 267>, 'ENUM': <TokenType.ENUM: 205>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 268>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 269>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 270>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 271>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 272>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 273>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 276>, 'FILE': <TokenType.FILE: 274>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 278>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 284>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 285>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 279>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 281>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 282>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 283>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 172>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 175>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 287>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 290>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 291>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 292>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 295>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 296>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 297>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 200>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 299>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 300>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 304>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 303>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 305>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 308>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 309>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 310>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 312>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 314>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 316>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 317>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 318>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 319>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 321>, 'LOCALTIME': <TokenType.LOCALTIME: 179>, 'LOCALTIMESTAMP': <TokenType.LOCALTIMESTAMP: 180>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 322>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 328>, 'NAMESPACE': <TokenType.NAMESPACE: 440>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 331>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 332>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 27>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 334>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 335>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 199>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 337>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 338>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 35>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 66>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 341>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 344>, 'OUT': <TokenType.OUT: 345>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 347>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 348>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 349>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 350>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 352>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 353>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 353>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 353>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 354>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 355>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 360>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 362>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 363>, 'OPERATOR': <TokenType.OPERATOR: 340>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 368>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 371>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 372>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 380>, 'RENAME': <TokenType.RENAME: 374>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 375>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 376>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 378>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 379>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 380>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 382>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 383>, 'ROW': <TokenType.ROW: 384>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 385>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 83>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 387>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 388>, 'SESSION': <TokenType.SESSION: 59>, 'SESSION_USER': <TokenType.SESSION_USER: 61>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 392>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 393>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 394>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 395>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 396>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 397>, 'SQL SECURITY': <TokenType.SQL_SECURITY: 399>, 'STRAIGHT_JOIN': <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 402>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 84>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 405>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 407>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 407>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 409>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 410>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 411>, 'TRIGGER': <TokenType.TRIGGER: 412>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 416>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 214>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 417>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 418>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 419>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 420>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 421>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 171>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 422>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 424>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 426>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 428>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 429>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 430>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 431>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 223>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 224>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 97>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 98>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 98>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 103>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.UTINYINT: 100>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 110>, 'UHUGEINT': <TokenType.UINT128: 111>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 101>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 105>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 110>, 'INT256': <TokenType.INT256: 112>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 107>, 'INT8': <TokenType.TINYINT: 99>, 'UINT': <TokenType.UINT: 106>, 'UINT128': <TokenType.UINT128: 111>, 'UINT256': <TokenType.UINT256: 113>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'DECIMAL32': <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 118>, 'DECIMAL64': <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 119>, 'DECIMAL128': <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 120>, 'DECIMAL256': <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 121>, 'DECFLOAT': <TokenType.DECFLOAT: 122>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 124>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 124>, 'BIGNUM': <TokenType.BIGNUM: 109>, 'LIST': <TokenType.LIST: 320>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 323>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 174>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 117>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 114>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 114>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 114>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 115>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 115>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 115>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 141>, 'JSONB': <TokenType.JSONB: 142>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 125>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 125>, 'CHAR VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'CHARACTER VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 126>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 127>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 128>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 128>, 'BPCHAR': <TokenType.BPCHAR: 129>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 132>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 131>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 137>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 139>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 140>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 135>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 134>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 136>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 140>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 140>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 143>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 144>, 'TIME_NS': <TokenType.TIME_NS: 145>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 196>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 147>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 148>, 'TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 148>, 'TIMESTAMPNTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 149>, 'TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 149>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 157>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 153>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 159>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 160>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 161>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 162>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 163>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 164>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 165>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 166>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 167>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 168>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 169>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 170>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 432>, 'VECTOR': <TokenType.VECTOR: 215>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 403>, 'SEQUENCE': <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 390>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 198>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 219>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.ANALYZE: 439>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 238>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.GRANT: 289>, 'REVOKE': <TokenType.REVOKE: 377>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 193>, 'CLUSTERED INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 297>, 'DATETIME2': <TokenType.DATETIME2: 154>, 'DATETIMEOFFSET': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 147>, 'DECLARE': <TokenType.DECLARE: 255>, 'EXEC': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 270>, 'GO': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'IMAGE': <TokenType.IMAGE: 197>, 'MONEY': <TokenType.MONEY: 194>, 'NONCLUSTERED INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 297>, 'NTEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 130>, 'OPTION': <TokenType.OPTION: 436>, 'OUTPUT': <TokenType.RETURNING: 376>, 'PRINT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'PROC': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 363>, 'ROWVERSION': <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 196>, 'SMALLDATETIME': <TokenType.SMALLDATETIME: 156>, 'SMALLMONEY': <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 195>, 'SQL_VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 198>, 'SYSTEM_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 251>, 'TOP': <TokenType.TOP: 408>, 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER': <TokenType.UUID: 171>, 'UPDATE STATISTICS': <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, 'XML': <TokenType.XML: 191>}
COMMANDS = {<TokenType.SHOW: 394>, <TokenType.END: 267>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 237>, <TokenType.FETCH: 273>, <TokenType.RENAME: 374>}
BYTE_STRING_ESCAPES: ClassVar[list[str]] = ["'"]
class Dialect:
 364class Dialect(metaclass=_Dialect):
 365    INDEX_OFFSET = 0
 366    """The base index offset for arrays."""
 367
 368    WEEK_OFFSET = 0
 369    """First day of the week in DATE_TRUNC(week). Defaults to 0 (Monday). -1 would be Sunday."""
 370
 371    UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY = False
 372    """Whether `UNNEST` table aliases are treated as column aliases."""
 373
 374    ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE = False
 375    """Whether the table alias comes after tablesample."""
 376
 377    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = False
 378    """Whether a size in the table sample clause represents percentage."""
 379
 380    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.LOWERCASE
 381    """Specifies the strategy according to which identifiers should be normalized."""
 382
 383    ASCII_ONLY_NORMALIZATION = False
 384    """Whether identifiers are only normalized with respect to ASCII characters, e.g. `Ä` and
 385    `ä` are different identifiers in DuckDB, but the same identifier in Spark."""
 386
 387    IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT = False
 388    """Whether an unquoted identifier can start with a digit."""
 389
 390    DPIPE_IS_STRING_CONCAT = True
 391    """Whether the DPIPE token (`||`) is a string concatenation operator."""
 392
 393    STRICT_STRING_CONCAT = False
 394    """Whether `CONCAT`'s arguments must be strings."""
 395
 396    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = True
 397    """Whether user-defined data types are supported."""
 398
 399    SUPPORTS_COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS = False
 400    """Whether the old-style outer join (+) syntax is supported."""
 401
 402    COPY_PARAMS_ARE_CSV = True
 403    """Separator of COPY statement parameters."""
 404
 405    NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS: bool | str = "upper"
 406    """
 407    Determines how function names are going to be normalized.
 408    Possible values:
 409        "upper" or True: Convert names to uppercase.
 410        "lower": Convert names to lowercase.
 411        False: Disables function name normalization.
 412    """
 413
 414    PRESERVE_ORIGINAL_NAMES: bool = False
 415    """
 416    Whether the name of the function should be preserved inside the node's metadata,
 417    can be useful for roundtripping deprecated vs new functions that share an AST node
 418    e.g JSON_VALUE vs JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR in BigQuery
 419    """
 420
 421    LOG_BASE_FIRST: bool | None = True
 422    """
 423    Whether the base comes first in the `LOG` function.
 424    Possible values: `True`, `False`, `None` (two arguments are not supported by `LOG`)
 425    """
 426
 427    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_small"
 428    """
 429    Default `NULL` ordering method to use if not explicitly set.
 430    Possible values: `"nulls_are_small"`, `"nulls_are_large"`, `"nulls_are_last"`
 431    """
 432
 433    TYPED_DIVISION = False
 434    """
 435    Whether the behavior of `a / b` depends on the types of `a` and `b`.
 436    False means `a / b` is always float division.
 437    True means `a / b` is integer division if both `a` and `b` are integers.
 438    """
 439
 440    SAFE_DIVISION = False
 441    """Whether division by zero throws an error (`False`) or returns NULL (`True`)."""
 442
 443    CONCAT_COALESCE = False
 444    """A `NULL` arg in `CONCAT` yields `NULL` by default, but in some dialects it yields an empty string."""
 445
 446    CONCAT_WS_COALESCE = False
 447    """A `NULL` arg in `CONCAT_WS` yields `NULL` by default, but in some dialects it is skipped."""
 448
 449    HEX_LOWERCASE = False
 450    """Whether the `HEX` function returns a lowercase hexadecimal string."""
 451
 452    DATE_FORMAT = "'%Y-%m-%d'"
 453    DATEINT_FORMAT = "'%Y%m%d'"
 454    TIME_FORMAT = "'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'"
 455
 456    TIME_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {}
 457    """Associates this dialect's time formats with their equivalent Python `strftime` formats."""
 458
 459    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/format-elements#format_model_rules_date_time
 460    # https://docs.teradata.com/r/Teradata-Database-SQL-Functions-Operators-Exprs-and-Predicates/March-2017/Data-Type-Conversions/Character-to-DATE-Conversion/Forcing-a-FORMAT-on-CAST-for-Converting-Character-to-DATE
 461    FORMAT_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {}
 462    """
 463    Helper which is used for parsing the special syntax `CAST(x AS DATE FORMAT 'yyyy')`.
 464    If empty, the corresponding trie will be constructed off of `TIME_MAPPING`.
 465    """
 466
 467    UNESCAPED_SEQUENCES: dict[str, str] = {}
 468    """Mapping of an escaped sequence (`\\n`) to its unescaped version (`\n`)."""
 469
 470    STRINGS_SUPPORT_ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: bool = False
 471    """Whether string literals support escape sequences (e.g. `\\n`). Set by the metaclass based on the tokenizer's STRING_ESCAPES."""
 472
 473    BYTE_STRINGS_SUPPORT_ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: bool = False
 474    """Whether byte string literals support escape sequences. Set by the metaclass based on the tokenizer's BYTE_STRING_ESCAPES."""
 475
 476    INVERSE_VECTOR_TYPE_ALIASES: dict[str, str] = {}
 477    """Mapping of vector type aliases back to their canonical names. Overridden by dialects like SingleStore."""
 478
 479    PSEUDOCOLUMNS: set[str] = set()
 480    """
 481    Columns that are auto-generated by the engine corresponding to this dialect.
 482    For example, such columns may be excluded from `SELECT *` queries.
 483    """
 484
 485    SUPPORTS_POSITIONAL_COLUMN_REFS = False
 486    """Whether qualified `$N` references the Nth column of their source."""
 487
 488    PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN = False
 489    """
 490    Some dialects, such as Snowflake, allow you to reference a CTE column alias in the
 491    HAVING clause of the CTE. This flag will cause the CTE alias columns to override
 492    any projection aliases in the subquery.
 493
 494    For example,
 495        WITH y(c) AS (
 496            SELECT SUM(a) FROM (SELECT 1 a) AS x HAVING c > 0
 497        ) SELECT c FROM y;
 498
 499        will be rewritten as
 500
 501        WITH y(c) AS (
 502            SELECT SUM(a) AS c FROM (SELECT 1 AS a) AS x HAVING c > 0
 503        ) SELECT c FROM y;
 504    """
 505
 506    COPY_PARAMS_ARE_CSV = True
 507    """
 508    Whether COPY statement parameters are separated by comma or whitespace
 509    """
 510
 511    FORCE_EARLY_ALIAS_REF_EXPANSION = False
 512    """
 513    Whether alias reference expansion (_expand_alias_refs()) should run before column qualification (_qualify_columns()).
 514
 515    For example:
 516        WITH data AS (
 517        SELECT
 518            1 AS id,
 519            2 AS my_id
 520        )
 521        SELECT
 522            id AS my_id
 523        FROM
 524            data
 525        WHERE
 526            my_id = 1
 527        GROUP BY
 528            my_id,
 529        HAVING
 530            my_id = 1
 531
 532    In most dialects, "my_id" would refer to "data.my_id" across the query, except:
 533        - BigQuery, which will forward the alias to GROUP BY + HAVING clauses i.e
 534          it resolves to "WHERE my_id = 1 GROUP BY id HAVING id = 1"
 535        - Clickhouse, which will forward the alias across the query i.e it resolves
 536        to "WHERE id = 1 GROUP BY id HAVING id = 1"
 537    """
 538
 539    EXPAND_ONLY_GROUP_ALIAS_REF = False
 540    """Whether alias reference expansion before qualification should only happen for the GROUP BY clause."""
 541
 542    ANNOTATE_ALL_SCOPES = False
 543    """Whether to annotate all scopes during optimization. Used by BigQuery for UNNEST support."""
 544
 545    DISABLES_ALIAS_REF_EXPANSION = False
 546    """
 547    Whether alias reference expansion is disabled for this dialect.
 548
 549    Some dialects like Oracle do NOT support referencing aliases in projections or WHERE clauses.
 550    The original expression must be repeated instead.
 551
 552    For example, in Oracle:
 553        SELECT y.foo AS bar, bar * 2 AS baz FROM y  -- INVALID
 554        SELECT y.foo AS bar, y.foo * 2 AS baz FROM y  -- VALID
 555    """
 556
 557    SUPPORTS_ALIAS_REFS_IN_JOIN_CONDITIONS = False
 558    """
 559    Whether alias references are allowed in JOIN ... ON clauses.
 560
 561    Most dialects do not support this, but Snowflake allows alias expansion in the JOIN ... ON
 562    clause (and almost everywhere else)
 563
 564    For example, in Snowflake:
 565        SELECT a.id AS user_id FROM a JOIN b ON user_id = b.id  -- VALID
 566
 567    Reference: https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/sql/select#usage-notes
 568    """
 569
 570    SUPPORTS_ORDER_BY_ALL = False
 571    """
 572    Whether ORDER BY ALL is supported (expands to all the selected columns) as in DuckDB, Spark3/Databricks
 573    """
 574
 575    SUPPORTS_LIMIT_ALL = False
 576    """
 577    Whether LIMIT ALL is supported (equivalent to no limit) as in Postgres.
 578    """
 579
 580    PROJECTION_ALIASES_SHADOW_SOURCE_NAMES = False
 581    """
 582    Whether projection alias names can shadow table/source names in GROUP BY and HAVING clauses.
 583
 584    In BigQuery, when a projection alias has the same name as a source table, the alias takes
 585    precedence in GROUP BY and HAVING clauses, and the table becomes inaccessible by that name.
 586
 587    For example, in BigQuery:
 588        SELECT id, ARRAY_AGG(col) AS custom_fields
 589        FROM custom_fields
 590        GROUP BY id
 591        HAVING id >= 1
 592
 593    The "custom_fields" source is shadowed by the projection alias, so we cannot qualify "id"
 594    with "custom_fields" in GROUP BY/HAVING.
 595    """
 596
 597    TABLES_REFERENCEABLE_AS_COLUMNS = False
 598    """
 599    Whether table names can be referenced as columns (treated as structs).
 600
 601    BigQuery allows tables to be referenced as columns in queries, automatically treating
 602    them as struct values containing all the table's columns.
 603
 604    For example, in BigQuery:
 605        SELECT t FROM my_table AS t  -- Returns entire row as a struct
 606    """
 607
 608    SUPPORTS_STRUCT_STAR_EXPANSION = False
 609    """
 610    Whether the dialect supports expanding struct fields using star notation (e.g., struct_col.*).
 611
 612    BigQuery allows struct fields to be expanded with the star operator:
 613        SELECT t.struct_col.* FROM table t
 614    RisingWave also allows struct field expansion with the star operator using parentheses:
 615        SELECT (t.struct_col).* FROM table t
 616
 617    This expands to all fields within the struct.
 618    """
 619
 620    STAR_ILIKE_BACKSLASH_ESCAPE = False
 621    """
 622    Whether a backslash in a `SELECT * ILIKE '<pattern>'` filter escapes the following character,
 623    so that e.g. `\\_` matches a literal underscore (Snowflake). When False, backslashes in the
 624    pattern are matched literally (DuckDB).
 625    """
 626
 627    EXCLUDES_PSEUDOCOLUMNS_FROM_STAR = False
 628    """
 629    Whether pseudocolumns should be excluded from star expansion (SELECT *).
 630
 631    Pseudocolumns are special dialect-specific columns (e.g., Oracle's ROWNUM, ROWID, LEVEL,
 632    or BigQuery's _PARTITIONTIME, _PARTITIONDATE) that are implicitly available but not part
 633    of the table schema. When this is True, SELECT * will not include these pseudocolumns;
 634    they must be explicitly selected.
 635    """
 636
 637    QUERY_RESULTS_ARE_STRUCTS = False
 638    """
 639    Whether query results are typed as structs in metadata for type inference.
 640
 641    In BigQuery, subqueries store their column types as a STRUCT in metadata,
 642    enabling special type inference for ARRAY(SELECT ...) expressions:
 643        ARRAY(SELECT x, y FROM t) → ARRAY<STRUCT<...>>
 644
 645    For single column subqueries, BigQuery unwraps the struct:
 646        ARRAY(SELECT x FROM t) → ARRAY<type_of_x>
 647
 648    This is metadata-only for type inference.
 649    """
 650
 651    REQUIRES_PARENTHESIZED_STRUCT_ACCESS = False
 652    """
 653    Whether struct field access requires parentheses around the expression.
 654
 655    RisingWave requires parentheses for struct field access in certain contexts:
 656        SELECT (col.field).subfield FROM table  -- Parentheses required
 657
 658    Without parentheses, the parser may not correctly interpret nested struct access.
 659
 660    Reference: https://docs.risingwave.com/sql/data-types/struct#retrieve-data-in-a-struct
 661    """
 662
 663    SUPPORTS_NULL_TYPE = False
 664    """
 665    Whether NULL/VOID is supported as a valid data type (not just a value).
 666
 667    Databricks and Spark v3+ support NULL as an actual type, allowing expressions like:
 668        SELECT NULL AS col  -- Has type NULL, not just value NULL
 669        CAST(x AS VOID)     -- Valid type cast
 670    """
 671
 672    COALESCE_COMPARISON_NON_STANDARD = False
 673    """
 674    Whether COALESCE in comparisons has non-standard NULL semantics.
 675
 676    We can't convert `COALESCE(x, 1) = 2` into `NOT x IS NULL AND x = 2` for redshift,
 677    because they are not always equivalent. For example,  if `x` is `NULL` and it comes
 678    from a table, then the result is `NULL`, despite `FALSE AND NULL` evaluating to `FALSE`.
 679
 680    In standard SQL and most dialects, these expressions are equivalent, but Redshift treats
 681    table NULLs differently in this context.
 682    """
 683
 684    HAS_DISTINCT_ARRAY_CONSTRUCTORS = False
 685    """
 686    Whether the ARRAY constructor is context-sensitive, i.e in Redshift ARRAY[1, 2, 3] != ARRAY(1, 2, 3)
 687    as the former is of type INT[] vs the latter which is SUPER
 688    """
 689
 690    SUPPORTS_FIXED_SIZE_ARRAYS = False
 691    """
 692    Whether expressions such as x::INT[5] should be parsed as fixed-size array defs/casts e.g.
 693    in DuckDB. In dialects which don't support fixed size arrays such as Snowflake, this should
 694    be interpreted as a subscript/index operator.
 695    """
 696
 697    STRICT_JSON_PATH_SYNTAX = True
 698    """Whether failing to parse a JSON path expression using the JSONPath dialect will log a warning."""
 699
 700    JSON_PATH_SINGLE_DOT_IS_WILDCARD = False
 701    """Whether a single DOT in a JSON path (e.g. $.) is treated as a valid wildcard key."""
 702
 703    ON_CONDITION_EMPTY_BEFORE_ERROR = True
 704    """Whether "X ON EMPTY" should come before "X ON ERROR" (for dialects like T-SQL, MySQL, Oracle)."""
 705
 706    ARRAY_AGG_INCLUDES_NULLS: bool | None = True
 707    """Whether ArrayAgg needs to filter NULL values."""
 708
 709    ARRAY_FUNCS_PROPAGATES_NULLS = False
 710    """Whether Array update functions return NULL when the input array is NULL."""
 711
 712    PROMOTE_TO_INFERRED_DATETIME_TYPE = False
 713    """
 714    This flag is used in the optimizer's canonicalize rule and determines whether x will be promoted
 715    to the literal's type in x::DATE < '2020-01-01 12:05:03' (i.e., DATETIME). When false, the literal
 716    is cast to x's type to match it instead.
 717    """
 718
 719    SUPPORTS_VALUES_DEFAULT = True
 720    """Whether the DEFAULT keyword is supported in the VALUES clause."""
 721
 722    NUMBERS_CAN_BE_UNDERSCORE_SEPARATED = False
 723    """Whether number literals can include underscores for better readability"""
 724
 725    HEX_STRING_IS_INTEGER_TYPE: bool = False
 726    """Whether hex strings such as x'CC' evaluate to integer or binary/blob type"""
 727
 728    REGEXP_EXTRACT_DEFAULT_GROUP = 0
 729    """The default value for the capturing group."""
 730
 731    REGEXP_EXTRACT_POSITION_OVERFLOW_RETURNS_NULL = True
 732    """Whether REGEXP_EXTRACT returns NULL when the position arg exceeds the string length."""
 733
 734    SET_OP_DISTINCT_BY_DEFAULT: dict[Type[exp.Expr], bool | None] = {
 735        exp.Except: True,
 736        exp.Intersect: True,
 737        exp.Union: True,
 738    }
 739    """
 740    Whether a set operation uses DISTINCT by default. This is `None` when either `DISTINCT` or `ALL`
 741    must be explicitly specified.
 742    """
 743
 744    CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {}
 745    """
 746    Helper for dialects that use a different name for the same creatable kind. For example, the Clickhouse
 747    equivalent of CREATE SCHEMA is CREATE DATABASE.
 748    """
 749
 750    ALTER_TABLE_SUPPORTS_CASCADE = False
 751    """
 752    Hive by default does not update the schema of existing partitions when a column is changed.
 753    the CASCADE clause is used to indicate that the change should be propagated to all existing partitions.
 754    the Spark dialect, while derived from Hive, does not support the CASCADE clause.
 755    """
 756
 757    # Whether ADD is present for each column added by ALTER TABLE
 758    ALTER_TABLE_ADD_REQUIRED_FOR_EACH_COLUMN = True
 759
 760    # Whether the value/LHS of the TRY_CAST(<value> AS <type>) should strictly be a
 761    # STRING type (Snowflake's case) or can be of any type
 762    TRY_CAST_REQUIRES_STRING: bool | None = None
 763
 764    # Whether the double negation can be applied
 765    # Not safe with MySQL and SQLite due to type coercion (may not return boolean)
 766    SAFE_TO_ELIMINATE_DOUBLE_NEGATION = True
 767
 768    # Whether `x IS NOT NULL` can be normalized to `NOT x IS NULL`
 769    NORMALIZE_NOT_NULL = True
 770
 771    # Whether the INITCAP function supports custom delimiter characters as the second argument
 772    # Default delimiter characters for INITCAP function: whitespace and non-alphanumeric characters
 773    INITCAP_SUPPORTS_CUSTOM_DELIMITERS = True
 774    INITCAP_DEFAULT_DELIMITER_CHARS = " \t\n\r\f\v!\"#$%&'()*+,\\-./:;<=>?@\\[\\]^_`{|}~"
 775
 776    BYTE_STRING_IS_BYTES_TYPE: bool = False
 777    """
 778    Whether byte string literals (ex: BigQuery's b'...') are typed as BYTES/BINARY
 779    """
 780
 781    UUID_IS_STRING_TYPE: bool = False
 782    """
 783    Whether a UUID is considered a string or a UUID type.
 784    """
 785
 786    JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR_SCALAR_ONLY = False
 787    """
 788    Whether JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR returns null if a non-scalar value is selected.
 789    """
 790
 791    DEFAULT_FUNCTIONS_COLUMN_NAMES: dict[Type[exp.Func], str | tuple[str, ...]] = {}
 792    """
 793    Maps function expressions to their default output column name(s).
 794
 795    For example, in Postgres, generate_series function outputs a column named "generate_series" by default,
 796    so we map the ExplodingGenerateSeries expression to "generate_series" string.
 797    """
 798
 799    DEFAULT_NULL_TYPE = exp.DType.UNKNOWN
 800    """
 801    The default type of NULL for producing the correct projection type.
 802
 803    For example, in BigQuery the default type of the NULL value is INT64.
 804    """
 805
 806    LEAST_GREATEST_IGNORES_NULLS = True
 807    """
 808    Whether LEAST/GREATEST functions ignore NULL values, e.g:
 809    - BigQuery, Snowflake, MySQL, Presto/Trino: LEAST(1, NULL, 2) -> NULL
 810    - Spark, Postgres, DuckDB, TSQL: LEAST(1, NULL, 2) -> 1
 811    """
 812
 813    PRIORITIZE_NON_LITERAL_TYPES = False
 814    """
 815    Whether to prioritize non-literal types over literals during type annotation.
 816    """
 817
 818    ALIAS_POST_VERSION = True
 819    """Whether the table alias comes after version (timestamp or iceberg snapshot)."""
 820
 821    # --- Autofilled ---
 822
 823    tokenizer_class = Tokenizer
 824    jsonpath_tokenizer_class = JSONPathTokenizer
 825    parser_class = BaseParser
 826    generator_class = Generator
 827
 828    # A trie of the time_mapping keys
 829    TIME_TRIE: dict = {}
 830    FORMAT_TRIE: dict = {}
 831
 832    INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {}
 833    INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: dict = {}
 834    INVERSE_FORMAT_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {}
 835    INVERSE_FORMAT_TRIE: dict = {}
 836
 837    INVERSE_CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {}
 838
 839    ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: dict[str, str] = {}
 840
 841    # Delimiters for string literals and identifiers
 842    QUOTE_START = "'"
 843    QUOTE_END = "'"
 844    IDENTIFIER_START = '"'
 845    IDENTIFIER_END = '"'
 846
 847    VALID_INTERVAL_UNITS: set[str] = set()
 848
 849    # Delimiters for bit, hex, byte and unicode literals
 850    BIT_START: str | None = None
 851    BIT_END: str | None = None
 852    HEX_START: str | None = None
 853    HEX_END: str | None = None
 854    BYTE_START: str | None = None
 855    BYTE_END: str | None = None
 856    UNICODE_START: str | None = None
 857    UNICODE_END: str | None = None
 858
 859    DATE_PART_MAPPING = {
 860        "Y": "YEAR",
 861        "YY": "YEAR",
 862        "YYY": "YEAR",
 863        "YYYY": "YEAR",
 864        "YR": "YEAR",
 865        "YEARS": "YEAR",
 866        "YRS": "YEAR",
 867        "MM": "MONTH",
 868        "MON": "MONTH",
 869        "MONS": "MONTH",
 870        "MONTHS": "MONTH",
 871        "D": "DAY",
 872        "DD": "DAY",
 873        "DAYS": "DAY",
 874        "DAYOFMONTH": "DAY",
 875        "DAY OF WEEK": "DAYOFWEEK",
 876        "WEEKDAY": "DAYOFWEEK",
 877        "DOW": "DAYOFWEEK",
 878        "DW": "DAYOFWEEK",
 879        "WEEKDAY_ISO": "DAYOFWEEKISO",
 880        "DOW_ISO": "DAYOFWEEKISO",
 881        "DW_ISO": "DAYOFWEEKISO",
 882        "DAYOFWEEK_ISO": "DAYOFWEEKISO",
 883        "DAY OF YEAR": "DAYOFYEAR",
 884        "DOY": "DAYOFYEAR",
 885        "DY": "DAYOFYEAR",
 886        "W": "WEEK",
 887        "WK": "WEEK",
 888        "WEEKOFYEAR": "WEEK",
 889        "WOY": "WEEK",
 890        "WY": "WEEK",
 891        "WEEK_ISO": "WEEKISO",
 892        "WEEKOFYEARISO": "WEEKISO",
 893        "WEEKOFYEAR_ISO": "WEEKISO",
 894        "Q": "QUARTER",
 895        "QTR": "QUARTER",
 896        "QTRS": "QUARTER",
 897        "QUARTERS": "QUARTER",
 898        "H": "HOUR",
 899        "HH": "HOUR",
 900        "HR": "HOUR",
 901        "HOURS": "HOUR",
 902        "HRS": "HOUR",
 903        "M": "MINUTE",
 904        "MI": "MINUTE",
 905        "MIN": "MINUTE",
 906        "MINUTES": "MINUTE",
 907        "MINS": "MINUTE",
 908        "S": "SECOND",
 909        "SEC": "SECOND",
 910        "SECONDS": "SECOND",
 911        "SECS": "SECOND",
 912        "MS": "MILLISECOND",
 913        "MSEC": "MILLISECOND",
 914        "MSECS": "MILLISECOND",
 915        "MSECOND": "MILLISECOND",
 916        "MSECONDS": "MILLISECOND",
 917        "MILLISEC": "MILLISECOND",
 918        "MILLISECS": "MILLISECOND",
 919        "MILLISECON": "MILLISECOND",
 920        "MILLISECONDS": "MILLISECOND",
 921        "US": "MICROSECOND",
 922        "USEC": "MICROSECOND",
 923        "USECS": "MICROSECOND",
 924        "MICROSEC": "MICROSECOND",
 925        "MICROSECS": "MICROSECOND",
 926        "USECOND": "MICROSECOND",
 927        "USECONDS": "MICROSECOND",
 928        "MICROSECONDS": "MICROSECOND",
 929        "NS": "NANOSECOND",
 930        "NSEC": "NANOSECOND",
 931        "NANOSEC": "NANOSECOND",
 932        "NSECOND": "NANOSECOND",
 933        "NSECONDS": "NANOSECOND",
 934        "NANOSECS": "NANOSECOND",
 935        "EPOCH_SECOND": "EPOCH",
 936        "EPOCH_SECONDS": "EPOCH",
 937        "EPOCH_MILLISECONDS": "EPOCH_MILLISECOND",
 938        "EPOCH_MICROSECONDS": "EPOCH_MICROSECOND",
 939        "EPOCH_NANOSECONDS": "EPOCH_NANOSECOND",
 940        "TZH": "TIMEZONE_HOUR",
 941        "TZM": "TIMEZONE_MINUTE",
 942        "DEC": "DECADE",
 943        "DECS": "DECADE",
 944        "DECADES": "DECADE",
 945        "MIL": "MILLENNIUM",
 946        "MILS": "MILLENNIUM",
 947        "MILLENIA": "MILLENNIUM",
 948        "C": "CENTURY",
 949        "CENT": "CENTURY",
 950        "CENTS": "CENTURY",
 951        "CENTURIES": "CENTURY",
 952    }
 953
 954    # Specifies what types a given type can be coerced into
 955    COERCES_TO: dict[exp.DType, set[exp.DType]] = {}
 956
 957    # Specifies type inference & validation rules for expressions
 958    EXPRESSION_METADATA = EXPRESSION_METADATA.copy()
 959
 960    # Determines the supported Dialect instance settings
 961    SUPPORTED_SETTINGS = {
 962        "normalization_strategy",
 963        "version",
 964    }
 965
 966    @classmethod
 967    def get_or_raise(cls, dialect: DialectType) -> Dialect:
 968        """
 969        Look up a dialect in the global dialect registry and return it if it exists.
 970
 971        Args:
 972            dialect: The target dialect. If this is a string, it can be optionally followed by
 973                additional key-value pairs that are separated by commas and are used to specify
 974                dialect settings, such as whether the dialect's identifiers are case-sensitive.
 975
 976        Example:
 977            >>> from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import Dialect
 978            >>> dialect = Dialect.get_or_raise("duckdb")
 979            >>> dialect = Dialect.get_or_raise("mysql, normalization_strategy = case_sensitive")
 980
 981        Returns:
 982            The corresponding Dialect instance.
 983        """
 984
 985        if not dialect:
 986            return cls()
 987        if isinstance(dialect, _Dialect):
 988            return dialect()
 989        if isinstance(dialect, Dialect):
 990            return dialect
 991        if isinstance(dialect, str):
 992            try:
 993                dialect_name, *kv_strings = dialect.split(",")
 994                kv_pairs = (kv.split("=") for kv in kv_strings)
 995                kwargs = {}
 996                for pair in kv_pairs:
 997                    key = pair[0].strip()
 998                    value: bool | str | None = None
 999
1000                    if len(pair) == 1:
1001                        # Default initialize standalone settings to True
1002                        value = True
1003                    elif len(pair) == 2:
1004                        value = pair[1].strip()
1005
1006                    kwargs[key] = to_bool(value)
1007
1008            except ValueError:
1009                raise ValueError(
1010                    f"Invalid dialect format: '{dialect}'. "
1011                    "Please use the correct format: 'dialect [, k1 = v2 [, ...]]'."
1012                )
1013
1014            result = cls.get(dialect_name.strip())
1015            if not result:
1016                # Include both built-in dialects and any loaded dialects for better error messages
1017                all_dialects = set(DIALECT_MODULE_NAMES) | set(cls._classes.keys())
1018                suggest_closest_match_and_fail("dialect", dialect_name, all_dialects)
1019
1020            assert result is not None
1021            return result(**kwargs)
1022
1023        raise ValueError(f"Invalid dialect type for '{dialect}': '{type(dialect)}'.")
1024
1025    @classmethod
1026    def format_time(cls, expression: str | exp.Expr | None) -> exp.Expr | None:
1027        """Converts a time format in this dialect to its equivalent Python `strftime` format."""
1028        if isinstance(expression, str):
1029            return exp.Literal.string(
1030                # the time formats are quoted
1031                format_time(expression[1:-1], cls.TIME_MAPPING, cls.TIME_TRIE)
1032            )
1033
1034        if expression and expression.is_string:
1035            return exp.Literal.string(format_time(expression.this, cls.TIME_MAPPING, cls.TIME_TRIE))
1036
1037        return expression
1038
1039    def __init__(self, **kwargs) -> None:
1040        parts = str(kwargs.pop("version", sys.maxsize)).split(".")
1041        parts.extend(["0"] * (3 - len(parts)))
1042        self.version = tuple(int(p) for p in parts[:3])
1043
1044        normalization_strategy = kwargs.pop("normalization_strategy", None)
1045        if normalization_strategy is None:
1046            self.normalization_strategy = self.NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY
1047        else:
1048            self.normalization_strategy = NormalizationStrategy(normalization_strategy.upper())
1049
1050        self.settings = kwargs
1051
1052        for unsupported_setting in kwargs.keys() - self.SUPPORTED_SETTINGS:
1053            suggest_closest_match_and_fail("setting", unsupported_setting, self.SUPPORTED_SETTINGS)
1054
1055    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
1056        # Does not currently take dialect state into account
1057        return type(self) == other
1058
1059    def __hash__(self) -> int:
1060        # Does not currently take dialect state into account
1061        return hash(type(self))
1062
1063    def normalize_identifier(self, expression: E) -> E:
1064        """
1065        Transforms an identifier in a way that resembles how it'd be resolved by this dialect.
1066
1067        For example, an identifier like `FoO` would be resolved as `foo` in Postgres, because it
1068        lowercases all unquoted identifiers. On the other hand, Snowflake uppercases them, so
1069        it would resolve it as `FOO`. If it was quoted, it'd need to be treated as case-sensitive,
1070        and so any normalization would be prohibited in order to avoid "breaking" the identifier.
1071
1072        There are also dialects like Spark, which are case-insensitive even when quotes are
1073        present, and dialects like MySQL, whose resolution rules match those employed by the
1074        underlying operating system, for example they may always be case-sensitive in Linux.
1075
1076        Finally, the normalization behavior of some engines can even be controlled through flags,
1077        like in Redshift's case, where users can explicitly set enable_case_sensitive_identifier.
1078
1079        SQLGlot aims to understand and handle all of these different behaviors gracefully, so
1080        that it can analyze queries in the optimizer and successfully capture their semantics.
1081        """
1082        if (
1083            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
1084            and self.normalization_strategy is not NormalizationStrategy.CASE_SENSITIVE
1085            and (
1086                not expression.quoted
1087                or self.normalization_strategy
1088                in (
1089                    NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE,
1090                    NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE_UPPERCASE,
1091                )
1092            )
1093        ):
1094            if self.normalization_strategy in (
1095                NormalizationStrategy.UPPERCASE,
1096                NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE_UPPERCASE,
1097            ):
1098                normalized = (
1099                    expression.this.translate(ASCII_UPPER)
1100                    if self.ASCII_ONLY_NORMALIZATION
1101                    else expression.this.upper()
1102                )
1103            else:
1104                normalized = (
1105                    expression.this.translate(ASCII_LOWER)
1106                    if self.ASCII_ONLY_NORMALIZATION
1107                    else expression.this.lower()
1108                )
1109
1110            expression.set("this", normalized)
1111
1112        return expression
1113
1114    def case_sensitive(self, text: str) -> bool:
1115        """Checks if text contains any case sensitive characters, based on the dialect's rules."""
1116        if self.normalization_strategy is NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE:
1117            return False
1118
1119        unsafe = (
1120            str.islower
1121            if self.normalization_strategy is NormalizationStrategy.UPPERCASE
1122            else str.isupper
1123        )
1124        return any(unsafe(char) for char in text)
1125
1126    def can_quote(self, identifier: exp.Identifier, identify: str | bool = "safe") -> bool:
1127        """Checks if an identifier can be quoted
1128
1129        Args:
1130            identifier: The identifier to check.
1131            identify:
1132                `True`: Always returns `True` except for certain cases.
1133                `"safe"`: Only returns `True` if the identifier is case-insensitive.
1134                `"unsafe"`: Only returns `True` if the identifier is case-sensitive.
1135
1136        Returns:
1137            Whether the given text can be identified.
1138        """
1139        if identifier.quoted:
1140            return True
1141        if not identify:
1142            return False
1143        if isinstance(identifier.parent, exp.Func):
1144            return False
1145        if identify is True:
1146            return True
1147
1148        is_safe = not self.case_sensitive(identifier.this) and bool(
1149            exp.SAFE_IDENTIFIER_RE.match(identifier.this)
1150        )
1151
1152        if identify == "safe":
1153            return is_safe
1154        if identify == "unsafe":
1155            return not is_safe
1156
1157        raise ValueError(f"Unexpected argument for identify: '{identify}'")
1158
1159    def quote_identifier(self, expression: E, identify: bool = True) -> E:
1160        """
1161        Adds quotes to a given expression if it is an identifier.
1162
1163        Args:
1164            expression: The expression of interest. If it's not an `Identifier`, this method is a no-op.
1165            identify: If set to `False`, the quotes will only be added if the identifier is deemed
1166                "unsafe", with respect to its characters and this dialect's normalization strategy.
1167        """
1168        if isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier):
1169            expression.set("quoted", self.can_quote(expression, identify or "unsafe"))
1170        return expression
1171
1172    def to_json_path(self, path: exp.Expr | None) -> exp.Expr | None:
1173        if isinstance(path, exp.Literal):
1174            path_text = path.name
1175            if path.is_number:
1176                path_text = f"[{path_text}]"
1177            try:
1178                return parse_json_path(path_text, self)
1179            except (ParseError, TokenError) as e:
1180                if self.STRICT_JSON_PATH_SYNTAX and not path_text.lstrip().startswith(
1181                    ("lax", "strict")
1182                ):
1183                    logger.warning(f"Invalid JSON path syntax. {str(e)}")
1184
1185        return path
1186
1187    def parse(self, sql: str, **opts: Unpack[ParserArgs]) -> list[exp.Expr | None]:
1188        return self.parser(**opts).parse(self.tokenize(sql), sql)
1189
1190    def parse_into(
1191        self, expression_type: exp.IntoType, sql: str, **opts: Unpack[ParserArgs]
1192    ) -> list[exp.Expr | None]:
1193        return self.parser(**opts).parse_into(expression_type, self.tokenize(sql), sql)
1194
1195    def generate(
1196        self, expression: exp.Expr, copy: bool = True, **opts: Unpack[GeneratorArgs]
1197    ) -> str:
1198        return self.generator(**opts).generate(expression, copy=copy)
1199
1200    def transpile(self, sql: str, **opts: Unpack[GeneratorArgs]) -> list[str]:
1201        return [
1202            self.generate(expression, copy=False, **opts) if expression else ""
1203            for expression in self.parse(sql)
1204        ]
1205
1206    def tokenize(self, sql: str, dialect: DialectType = None) -> list[Token]:
1207        return self.tokenizer(dialect=dialect).tokenize(sql)
1208
1209    def tokenizer(self, dialect: DialectType = None) -> Tokenizer:
1210        return self.tokenizer_class(dialect=dialect or self)
1211
1212    def jsonpath_tokenizer(self, dialect: DialectType = None) -> JSONPathTokenizer:
1213        return self.jsonpath_tokenizer_class(dialect=dialect or self)
1214
1215    def parser(self, **opts: Unpack[ParserArgs]) -> Parser:
1216        args: ParserArgs = {"dialect": self, **opts}
1217        return self.parser_class(**args)
1218
1219    def generator(self, **opts: Unpack[GeneratorArgs]) -> Generator:
1220        args: GeneratorArgs = {"dialect": self, **opts}
1221        return self.generator_class(**args)
1222
1223    def generate_values_aliases(self, expression: exp.Values) -> list[exp.Identifier]:
1224        return [
1225            exp.to_identifier(f"_col_{i}")
1226            for i, _ in enumerate(expression.expressions[0].expressions)
1227        ]
Dialect(**kwargs)
1039    def __init__(self, **kwargs) -> None:
1040        parts = str(kwargs.pop("version", sys.maxsize)).split(".")
1041        parts.extend(["0"] * (3 - len(parts)))
1042        self.version = tuple(int(p) for p in parts[:3])
1043
1044        normalization_strategy = kwargs.pop("normalization_strategy", None)
1045        if normalization_strategy is None:
1046            self.normalization_strategy = self.NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY
1047        else:
1048            self.normalization_strategy = NormalizationStrategy(normalization_strategy.upper())
1049
1050        self.settings = kwargs
1051
1052        for unsupported_setting in kwargs.keys() - self.SUPPORTED_SETTINGS:
1053            suggest_closest_match_and_fail("setting", unsupported_setting, self.SUPPORTED_SETTINGS)
INDEX_OFFSET = 0

The base index offset for arrays.

WEEK_OFFSET = 0

First day of the week in DATE_TRUNC(week). Defaults to 0 (Monday). -1 would be Sunday.

UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY = False

Whether UNNEST table aliases are treated as column aliases.

ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE = False

Whether the table alias comes after tablesample.

TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = False

Whether a size in the table sample clause represents percentage.

NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = <NormalizationStrategy.LOWERCASE: 'LOWERCASE'>

Specifies the strategy according to which identifiers should be normalized.

ASCII_ONLY_NORMALIZATION = False

Whether identifiers are only normalized with respect to ASCII characters, e.g. Ä and ä are different identifiers in DuckDB, but the same identifier in Spark.

IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT = False

Whether an unquoted identifier can start with a digit.

DPIPE_IS_STRING_CONCAT = True

Whether the DPIPE token (||) is a string concatenation operator.

STRICT_STRING_CONCAT = False

Whether CONCAT's arguments must be strings.

SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = True

Whether user-defined data types are supported.

SUPPORTS_COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS = False

Whether the old-style outer join (+) syntax is supported.

COPY_PARAMS_ARE_CSV = True

Whether COPY statement parameters are separated by comma or whitespace

NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS: bool | str = 'upper'

Determines how function names are going to be normalized.

Possible values:

"upper" or True: Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.

PRESERVE_ORIGINAL_NAMES: bool = False

Whether the name of the function should be preserved inside the node's metadata, can be useful for roundtripping deprecated vs new functions that share an AST node e.g JSON_VALUE vs JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR in BigQuery

LOG_BASE_FIRST: bool | None = True

Whether the base comes first in the LOG function. Possible values: True, False, None (two arguments are not supported by LOG)

NULL_ORDERING = 'nulls_are_small'

Default NULL ordering method to use if not explicitly set. Possible values: "nulls_are_small", "nulls_are_large", "nulls_are_last"

TYPED_DIVISION = False

Whether the behavior of a / b depends on the types of a and b. False means a / b is always float division. True means a / b is integer division if both a and b are integers.

SAFE_DIVISION = False

Whether division by zero throws an error (False) or returns NULL (True).

CONCAT_COALESCE = False

A NULL arg in CONCAT yields NULL by default, but in some dialects it yields an empty string.

CONCAT_WS_COALESCE = False

A NULL arg in CONCAT_WS yields NULL by default, but in some dialects it is skipped.

HEX_LOWERCASE = False

Whether the HEX function returns a lowercase hexadecimal string.

DATE_FORMAT = "'%Y-%m-%d'"
DATEINT_FORMAT = "'%Y%m%d'"
TIME_FORMAT = "'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'"
TIME_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {}

Associates this dialect's time formats with their equivalent Python strftime formats.

FORMAT_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {}

Helper which is used for parsing the special syntax CAST(x AS DATE FORMAT 'yyyy'). If empty, the corresponding trie will be constructed off of TIME_MAPPING.

UNESCAPED_SEQUENCES: dict[str, str] = {}

Mapping of an escaped sequence (\n) to its unescaped version ( ).

STRINGS_SUPPORT_ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: bool = False

Whether string literals support escape sequences (e.g. \n). Set by the metaclass based on the tokenizer's STRING_ESCAPES.

BYTE_STRINGS_SUPPORT_ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: bool = False

Whether byte string literals support escape sequences. Set by the metaclass based on the tokenizer's BYTE_STRING_ESCAPES.

INVERSE_VECTOR_TYPE_ALIASES: dict[str, str] = {}

Mapping of vector type aliases back to their canonical names. Overridden by dialects like SingleStore.

PSEUDOCOLUMNS: set[str] = set()

Columns that are auto-generated by the engine corresponding to this dialect. For example, such columns may be excluded from SELECT * queries.

SUPPORTS_POSITIONAL_COLUMN_REFS = False

Whether qualified $N references the Nth column of their source.

PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN = False

Some dialects, such as Snowflake, allow you to reference a CTE column alias in the HAVING clause of the CTE. This flag will cause the CTE alias columns to override any projection aliases in the subquery.

For example, WITH y(c) AS ( SELECT SUM(a) FROM (SELECT 1 a) AS x HAVING c > 0 ) SELECT c FROM y;

will be rewritten as

WITH y(c) AS (
    SELECT SUM(a) AS c FROM (SELECT 1 AS a) AS x HAVING c > 0
) SELECT c FROM y;
FORCE_EARLY_ALIAS_REF_EXPANSION = False

Whether alias reference expansion (_expand_alias_refs()) should run before column qualification (_qualify_columns()).

For example:

WITH data AS ( SELECT 1 AS id, 2 AS my_id ) SELECT id AS my_id FROM data WHERE my_id = 1 GROUP BY my_id, HAVING my_id = 1

In most dialects, "my_id" would refer to "data.my_id" across the query, except: - BigQuery, which will forward the alias to GROUP BY + HAVING clauses i.e it resolves to "WHERE my_id = 1 GROUP BY id HAVING id = 1" - Clickhouse, which will forward the alias across the query i.e it resolves to "WHERE id = 1 GROUP BY id HAVING id = 1"

EXPAND_ONLY_GROUP_ALIAS_REF = False

Whether alias reference expansion before qualification should only happen for the GROUP BY clause.

ANNOTATE_ALL_SCOPES = False

Whether to annotate all scopes during optimization. Used by BigQuery for UNNEST support.

DISABLES_ALIAS_REF_EXPANSION = False

Whether alias reference expansion is disabled for this dialect.

Some dialects like Oracle do NOT support referencing aliases in projections or WHERE clauses. The original expression must be repeated instead.

For example, in Oracle: SELECT y.foo AS bar, bar * 2 AS baz FROM y -- INVALID SELECT y.foo AS bar, y.foo * 2 AS baz FROM y -- VALID

SUPPORTS_ALIAS_REFS_IN_JOIN_CONDITIONS = False

Whether alias references are allowed in JOIN ... ON clauses.

Most dialects do not support this, but Snowflake allows alias expansion in the JOIN ... ON clause (and almost everywhere else)

For example, in Snowflake: SELECT a.id AS user_id FROM a JOIN b ON user_id = b.id -- VALID

Reference: sqlglot.dialects.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/sql/select#usage-notes">https://docssqlglot.dialects.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/sql/select#usage-notes

SUPPORTS_ORDER_BY_ALL = False

Whether ORDER BY ALL is supported (expands to all the selected columns) as in DuckDB, Spark3/Databricks

SUPPORTS_LIMIT_ALL = False

Whether LIMIT ALL is supported (equivalent to no limit) as in Postgres.

PROJECTION_ALIASES_SHADOW_SOURCE_NAMES = False

Whether projection alias names can shadow table/source names in GROUP BY and HAVING clauses.

In BigQuery, when a projection alias has the same name as a source table, the alias takes precedence in GROUP BY and HAVING clauses, and the table becomes inaccessible by that name.

For example, in BigQuery: SELECT id, ARRAY_AGG(col) AS custom_fields FROM custom_fields GROUP BY id HAVING id >= 1

The "custom_fields" source is shadowed by the projection alias, so we cannot qualify "id" with "custom_fields" in GROUP BY/HAVING.

TABLES_REFERENCEABLE_AS_COLUMNS = False

Whether table names can be referenced as columns (treated as structs).

BigQuery allows tables to be referenced as columns in queries, automatically treating them as struct values containing all the table's columns.

For example, in BigQuery: SELECT t FROM my_table AS t -- Returns entire row as a struct

SUPPORTS_STRUCT_STAR_EXPANSION = False

Whether the dialect supports expanding struct fields using star notation (e.g., struct_col.*).

BigQuery allows struct fields to be expanded with the star operator:

SELECT t.struct_col.* FROM table t

RisingWave also allows struct field expansion with the star operator using parentheses:

SELECT (t.struct_col).* FROM table t

This expands to all fields within the struct.

STAR_ILIKE_BACKSLASH_ESCAPE = False

Whether a backslash in a SELECT * ILIKE '<pattern>' filter escapes the following character, so that e.g. \_ matches a literal underscore (Snowflake). When False, backslashes in the pattern are matched literally (DuckDB).

EXCLUDES_PSEUDOCOLUMNS_FROM_STAR = False

Whether pseudocolumns should be excluded from star expansion (SELECT *).

Pseudocolumns are special dialect-specific columns (e.g., Oracle's ROWNUM, ROWID, LEVEL, or BigQuery's _PARTITIONTIME, _PARTITIONDATE) that are implicitly available but not part of the table schema. When this is True, SELECT * will not include these pseudocolumns; they must be explicitly selected.

QUERY_RESULTS_ARE_STRUCTS = False

Whether query results are typed as structs in metadata for type inference.

In BigQuery, subqueries store their column types as a STRUCT in metadata, enabling special type inference for ARRAY(SELECT ...) expressions: ARRAY(SELECT x, y FROM t) → ARRAY

For single column subqueries, BigQuery unwraps the struct: ARRAY(SELECT x FROM t) → ARRAY

This is metadata-only for type inference.

REQUIRES_PARENTHESIZED_STRUCT_ACCESS = False

Whether struct field access requires parentheses around the expression.

RisingWave requires parentheses for struct field access in certain contexts:

SELECT (col.field).subfield FROM table -- Parentheses required

Without parentheses, the parser may not correctly interpret nested struct access.

Reference: sqlglot.dialects.risingwave.com/sql/data-types/struct#retrieve-data-in-a-struct">https://docssqlglot.dialects.risingwave.com/sql/data-types/struct#retrieve-data-in-a-struct

SUPPORTS_NULL_TYPE = False

Whether NULL/VOID is supported as a valid data type (not just a value).

Databricks and Spark v3+ support NULL as an actual type, allowing expressions like: SELECT NULL AS col -- Has type NULL, not just value NULL CAST(x AS VOID) -- Valid type cast

COALESCE_COMPARISON_NON_STANDARD = False

Whether COALESCE in comparisons has non-standard NULL semantics.

We can't convert COALESCE(x, 1) = 2 into NOT x IS NULL AND x = 2 for redshift, because they are not always equivalent. For example, if x is NULL and it comes from a table, then the result is NULL, despite FALSE AND NULL evaluating to FALSE.

In standard SQL and most dialects, these expressions are equivalent, but Redshift treats table NULLs differently in this context.

HAS_DISTINCT_ARRAY_CONSTRUCTORS = False

Whether the ARRAY constructor is context-sensitive, i.e in Redshift ARRAY[1, 2, 3] != ARRAY(1, 2, 3) as the former is of type INT[] vs the latter which is SUPER

SUPPORTS_FIXED_SIZE_ARRAYS = False

Whether expressions such as x::INT[5] should be parsed as fixed-size array defs/casts e.g. in DuckDB. In dialects which don't support fixed size arrays such as Snowflake, this should be interpreted as a subscript/index operator.

STRICT_JSON_PATH_SYNTAX = True

Whether failing to parse a JSON path expression using the JSONPath dialect will log a warning.

JSON_PATH_SINGLE_DOT_IS_WILDCARD = False

Whether a single DOT in a JSON path (e.g. $.) is treated as a valid wildcard key.

ON_CONDITION_EMPTY_BEFORE_ERROR = True

Whether "X ON EMPTY" should come before "X ON ERROR" (for dialects like T-SQL, MySQL, Oracle).

ARRAY_AGG_INCLUDES_NULLS: bool | None = True

Whether ArrayAgg needs to filter NULL values.

ARRAY_FUNCS_PROPAGATES_NULLS = False

Whether Array update functions return NULL when the input array is NULL.

PROMOTE_TO_INFERRED_DATETIME_TYPE = False

This flag is used in the optimizer's canonicalize rule and determines whether x will be promoted to the literal's type in x::DATE < '2020-01-01 12:05:03' (i.e., DATETIME). When false, the literal is cast to x's type to match it instead.

SUPPORTS_VALUES_DEFAULT = True

Whether the DEFAULT keyword is supported in the VALUES clause.

NUMBERS_CAN_BE_UNDERSCORE_SEPARATED = False

Whether number literals can include underscores for better readability

HEX_STRING_IS_INTEGER_TYPE: bool = False

Whether hex strings such as x'CC' evaluate to integer or binary/blob type

REGEXP_EXTRACT_DEFAULT_GROUP = 0

The default value for the capturing group.

REGEXP_EXTRACT_POSITION_OVERFLOW_RETURNS_NULL = True

Whether REGEXP_EXTRACT returns NULL when the position arg exceeds the string length.

SET_OP_DISTINCT_BY_DEFAULT: dict[type[sqlglot.expressions.core.Expr], bool | None] = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.Except'>: True, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.Intersect'>: True, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.Union'>: True}

Whether a set operation uses DISTINCT by default. This is None when either DISTINCT or ALL must be explicitly specified.

CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {}

Helper for dialects that use a different name for the same creatable kind. For example, the Clickhouse equivalent of CREATE SCHEMA is CREATE DATABASE.

ALTER_TABLE_SUPPORTS_CASCADE = False

Hive by default does not update the schema of existing partitions when a column is changed. the CASCADE clause is used to indicate that the change should be propagated to all existing partitions. the Spark dialect, while derived from Hive, does not support the CASCADE clause.

ALTER_TABLE_ADD_REQUIRED_FOR_EACH_COLUMN = True
TRY_CAST_REQUIRES_STRING: bool | None = None
SAFE_TO_ELIMINATE_DOUBLE_NEGATION = True
NORMALIZE_NOT_NULL = True
INITCAP_SUPPORTS_CUSTOM_DELIMITERS = True
INITCAP_DEFAULT_DELIMITER_CHARS = ' \t\n\r\x0c\x0b!"#$%&\'()*+,\\-./:;<=>?@\\[\\]^_`{|}~'
BYTE_STRING_IS_BYTES_TYPE: bool = False

Whether byte string literals (ex: BigQuery's b'...') are typed as BYTES/BINARY

UUID_IS_STRING_TYPE: bool = False

Whether a UUID is considered a string or a UUID type.

JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR_SCALAR_ONLY = False

Whether JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR returns null if a non-scalar value is selected.

DEFAULT_FUNCTIONS_COLUMN_NAMES: dict[type[sqlglot.expressions.core.Func], str | tuple[str, ...]] = {}

Maps function expressions to their default output column name(s).

For example, in Postgres, generate_series function outputs a column named "generate_series" by default, so we map the ExplodingGenerateSeries expression to "generate_series" string.

DEFAULT_NULL_TYPE = <DType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>

The default type of NULL for producing the correct projection type.

For example, in BigQuery the default type of the NULL value is INT64.

LEAST_GREATEST_IGNORES_NULLS = True

Whether LEAST/GREATEST functions ignore NULL values, e.g:

  • BigQuery, Snowflake, MySQL, Presto/Trino: LEAST(1, NULL, 2) -> NULL
  • Spark, Postgres, DuckDB, TSQL: LEAST(1, NULL, 2) -> 1
PRIORITIZE_NON_LITERAL_TYPES = False

Whether to prioritize non-literal types over literals during type annotation.

ALIAS_POST_VERSION = True

Whether the table alias comes after version (timestamp or iceberg snapshot).

tokenizer_class = <class 'sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Tokenizer'>
jsonpath_tokenizer_class = <class 'sqlglot.dialects.dialect.JSONPathTokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'sqlglot.parsers.base.BaseParser'>
generator_class = <class 'sqlglot.generator.Generator'>
TIME_TRIE: dict = {}
FORMAT_TRIE: dict = {}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'%mstrict': '%m', '%dstrict': '%d', '%Hstrict': '%H', '%Istrict': '%I', '%Mstrict': '%M', '%Sstrict': '%S'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: dict = {'%': {'m': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'd': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'H': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'I': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'M': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'S': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}}}
INVERSE_FORMAT_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {'%mstrict': '%m', '%dstrict': '%d', '%Hstrict': '%H', '%Istrict': '%I', '%Mstrict': '%M', '%Sstrict': '%S'}
INVERSE_FORMAT_TRIE: dict = {'%': {'m': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'd': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'H': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'I': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'M': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'S': {'s': {'t': {'r': {'i': {'c': {'t': {0: True}}}}}}}}}
INVERSE_CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {}
ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: dict[str, str] = {}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '"'
IDENTIFIER_END = '"'
VALID_INTERVAL_UNITS: set[str] = {'MICROSECS', 'DAYOFMONTH', 'DOW', 'MONTH', 'MICROSECOND', 'TIMEZONE_MINUTE', 'DAYOFWEEK_ISO', 'WEEK', 'DAYOFWEEK', 'QUARTER', 'NSEC', 'WEEKDAY', 'MINS', 'WK', 'HH', 'DECADES', 'NANOSECOND', 'HOUR', 'TZM', 'SECONDS', 'DOW_ISO', 'USECOND', 'H', 'MILLISECON', 'DOY', 'HRS', 'DEC', 'EPOCH_SECONDS', 'YY', 'YRS', 'USEC', 'MILLISECOND', 'MSECOND', 'WEEKDAY_ISO', 'NANOSEC', 'SECS', 'CENTURY', 'MILS', 'WEEKOFYEAR_ISO', 'QUARTERS', 'YR', 'EPOCH_MILLISECONDS', 'MONS', 'WEEK_ISO', 'MIN', 'MILLENIA', 'WOY', 'CENT', 'HR', 'NSECONDS', 'NSECOND', 'Q', 'MINUTES', 'YEAR', 'WY', 'EPOCH_MICROSECONDS', 'MINUTE', 'TZH', 'Y', 'DW', 'MM', 'MSEC', 'M', 'USECS', 'NANOSECS', 'DW_ISO', 'MONTHS', 'D', 'DY', 'DAYOFYEAR', 'MS', 'TIMEZONE_HOUR', 'MIL', 'S', 'YYYY', 'MON', 'WEEKOFYEAR', 'MILLENNIUM', 'DAY OF WEEK', 'QTRS', 'MILLISECS', 'SECOND', 'EPOCH_MILLISECOND', 'YYY', 'MSECONDS', 'SEC', 'HOURS', 'DAY OF YEAR', 'MILLISEC', 'C', 'EPOCH_NANOSECOND', 'US', 'WEEKOFYEARISO', 'EPOCH', 'MILLISECONDS', 'MICROSECONDS', 'MI', 'CENTS', 'EPOCH_MICROSECOND', 'DAYS', 'MSECS', 'W', 'MICROSEC', 'NS', 'DD', 'EPOCH_NANOSECONDS', 'DECADE', 'DAY', 'DECS', 'DAYOFWEEKISO', 'USECONDS', 'YEARS', 'CENTURIES', 'WEEKISO', 'QTR', 'EPOCH_SECOND'}
BIT_START: str | None = None
BIT_END: str | None = None
HEX_START: str | None = None
HEX_END: str | None = None
BYTE_START: str | None = None
BYTE_END: str | None = None
UNICODE_START: str | None = None
UNICODE_END: str | None = None
DATE_PART_MAPPING = {'Y': 'YEAR', 'YY': 'YEAR', 'YYY': 'YEAR', 'YYYY': 'YEAR', 'YR': 'YEAR', 'YEARS': 'YEAR', 'YRS': 'YEAR', 'MM': 'MONTH', 'MON': 'MONTH', 'MONS': 'MONTH', 'MONTHS': 'MONTH', 'D': 'DAY', 'DD': 'DAY', 'DAYS': 'DAY', 'DAYOFMONTH': 'DAY', 'DAY OF WEEK': 'DAYOFWEEK', 'WEEKDAY': 'DAYOFWEEK', 'DOW': 'DAYOFWEEK', 'DW': 'DAYOFWEEK', 'WEEKDAY_ISO': 'DAYOFWEEKISO', 'DOW_ISO': 'DAYOFWEEKISO', 'DW_ISO': 'DAYOFWEEKISO', 'DAYOFWEEK_ISO': 'DAYOFWEEKISO', 'DAY OF YEAR': 'DAYOFYEAR', 'DOY': 'DAYOFYEAR', 'DY': 'DAYOFYEAR', 'W': 'WEEK', 'WK': 'WEEK', 'WEEKOFYEAR': 'WEEK', 'WOY': 'WEEK', 'WY': 'WEEK', 'WEEK_ISO': 'WEEKISO', 'WEEKOFYEARISO': 'WEEKISO', 'WEEKOFYEAR_ISO': 'WEEKISO', 'Q': 'QUARTER', 'QTR': 'QUARTER', 'QTRS': 'QUARTER', 'QUARTERS': 'QUARTER', 'H': 'HOUR', 'HH': 'HOUR', 'HR': 'HOUR', 'HOURS': 'HOUR', 'HRS': 'HOUR', 'M': 'MINUTE', 'MI': 'MINUTE', 'MIN': 'MINUTE', 'MINUTES': 'MINUTE', 'MINS': 'MINUTE', 'S': 'SECOND', 'SEC': 'SECOND', 'SECONDS': 'SECOND', 'SECS': 'SECOND', 'MS': 'MILLISECOND', 'MSEC': 'MILLISECOND', 'MSECS': 'MILLISECOND', 'MSECOND': 'MILLISECOND', 'MSECONDS': 'MILLISECOND', 'MILLISEC': 'MILLISECOND', 'MILLISECS': 'MILLISECOND', 'MILLISECON': 'MILLISECOND', 'MILLISECONDS': 'MILLISECOND', 'US': 'MICROSECOND', 'USEC': 'MICROSECOND', 'USECS': 'MICROSECOND', 'MICROSEC': 'MICROSECOND', 'MICROSECS': 'MICROSECOND', 'USECOND': 'MICROSECOND', 'USECONDS': 'MICROSECOND', 'MICROSECONDS': 'MICROSECOND', 'NS': 'NANOSECOND', 'NSEC': 'NANOSECOND', 'NANOSEC': 'NANOSECOND', 'NSECOND': 'NANOSECOND', 'NSECONDS': 'NANOSECOND', 'NANOSECS': 'NANOSECOND', 'EPOCH_SECOND': 'EPOCH', 'EPOCH_SECONDS': 'EPOCH', 'EPOCH_MILLISECONDS': 'EPOCH_MILLISECOND', 'EPOCH_MICROSECONDS': 'EPOCH_MICROSECOND', 'EPOCH_NANOSECONDS': 'EPOCH_NANOSECOND', 'TZH': 'TIMEZONE_HOUR', 'TZM': 'TIMEZONE_MINUTE', 'DEC': 'DECADE', 'DECS': 'DECADE', 'DECADES': 'DECADE', 'MIL': 'MILLENNIUM', 'MILS': 'MILLENNIUM', 'MILLENIA': 'MILLENNIUM', 'C': 'CENTURY', 'CENT': 'CENTURY', 'CENTS': 'CENTURY', 'CENTURIES': 'CENTURY'}
EXPRESSION_METADATA = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Add'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Adjacent'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.And'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayContainedBy'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayContains'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayContainsAll'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayOverlaps'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayPosition'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Binary'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseAnd'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseLeftShift'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseOr'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseRightShift'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseXor'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Collate'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Connector'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Corr'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.DPipe'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Distance'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.DistanceNd'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Div'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Dot'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.EQ'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Escape'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.ExtendsLeft'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.ExtendsRight'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.GT'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.GTE'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Glob'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.ILike'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.IntDiv'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Is'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 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<class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.JSONExtractScalar'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Kwarg'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.LT'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.LTE'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Like'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Match'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Mod'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Mul'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.NEQ'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.NestedJSONSelect'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.NullSafeEQ'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.NullSafeNEQ'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Operator'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Or'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Overlaps'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Pow'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.PropertyEQ'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.RegexpFullMatch'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.RegexpILike'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.RegexpLike'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.SimilarTo'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Sub'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Xor'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Alias'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.BitwiseNot'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.IgnoreNulls'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Neg'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Not'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Paren'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.PivotAlias'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.RespectNulls'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Unary'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.DenseRank'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.RowNumber'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixSeconds'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArraySize'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixMillis'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Int64'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixMicros'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.ApproxDistinct'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.CountIf'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Rank'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Ntile'>: {'returns': <DType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.FromBase64'>: {'returns': <DType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.FromBase32'>: {'returns': <DType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.IsNan'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.IsInf'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Any'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.EndsWith'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.StartsWith'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Between'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.All'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Boolean'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.LogicalOr'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Contains'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.LogicalAnd'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Exists'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.In'>: {'returns': <DType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.CurrentDate'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeStrToDate'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DiToDate'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TsOrDsToDate'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.LastDay'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.StrToDate'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateFromParts'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateStrToDate'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Date'>: {'returns': <DType.DATE: 'DATE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Datetime'>: {'returns': <DType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DatetimeAdd'>: {'returns': <DType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DatetimeSub'>: {'returns': <DType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.CurrentDatetime'>: {'returns': <DType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Asinh'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Radians'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Sqrt'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.ToDouble'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Cosh'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Round'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Kurtosis'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Asin'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Pi'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.StddevPop'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Quantile'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Ln'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Acos'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Skewness'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.CumeDist'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.VariancePop'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.CovarPop'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Tan'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Atan'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Sin'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Avg'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Rand'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.SafeDivide'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Degrees'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Variance'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Cot'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.StddevSamp'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Exp'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Cos'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.ApproxQuantile'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Log'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Acosh'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Cbrt'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Stddev'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.PercentRank'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.CovarSamp'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.PercentileCont'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Tanh'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Atanh'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Sinh'>: {'returns': <DType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DayOfWeek'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Floor'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Levenshtein'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Ceil'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateToDi'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Unicode'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Quarter'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.BitLength'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Hour'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.StrPosition'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DayOfMonth'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DatetimeDiff'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Getbit'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Sign'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixDate'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Ascii'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DayOfYear'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Length'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TsOrDiToDi'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeDiff'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimestampDiff'>: {'returns': <DType.INT: 'INT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.datatypes.Interval'>: {'returns': <DType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.MakeInterval'>: {'returns': <DType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.JustifyInterval'>: {'returns': <DType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.JustifyHours'>: {'returns': <DType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.JustifyDays'>: {'returns': <DType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.json.ParseJSON'>: {'returns': <DType.JSON: 'JSON'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeAdd'>: {'returns': <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Time'>: {'returns': <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeSub'>: {'returns': <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Localtime'>: {'returns': <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.CurrentTime'>: {'returns': <DType.TIME: 'TIME'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimestampLtzFromParts'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.CurrentTimestampLTZ'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimestampTzFromParts'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeStrToTime'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixToTime'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.StrToTime'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimestampSub'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.CurrentTimestamp'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimestampAdd'>: {'returns': <DType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Month'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.YearOfWeek'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Year'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DayOfWeekIso'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.WeekOfYear'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Week'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Day'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.YearOfWeekIso'>: {'returns': <DType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayToString'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentCatalog'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentUser'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixToTimeStr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Repeat'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Dayname'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.GroupConcat'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentSchema'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Space'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentRole'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Initcap'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.RawString'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.ToBase32'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Typeof'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Chr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.ConcatWs'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeToStr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Translate'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.SHA2'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Substring'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.SHA'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.UnixToStr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.String'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.MD5'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Lower'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Trim'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TsOrDsToDateStr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.ToBase64'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Upper'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.string.Concat'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateToDateStr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.SessionUser'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.TimeToTimeStr'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Monthname'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.CurrentVersion'>: {'returns': <DType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.LastValue'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.math.Abs'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Filter'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.ArrayConcatAgg'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.Limit'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.Window'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArraySlice'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.HavingMax'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.NthValue'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.SortArray'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayReverse'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.AnyValue'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.Order'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.FirstValue'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Min'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Coalesce'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Max'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayConcat'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Least'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Greatest'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayFirst'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ArrayLast'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Anonymous'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateTrunc'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateAdd'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateSub'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Cast'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.TryCast'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.Map'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.VarMap'>: {'annotator': <function <dictcomp>.<lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.Array'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.ArrayAgg'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Bracket'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Case'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Count'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.DateDiff'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.datatypes.DataType'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Distinct'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.Explode'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Extract'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.HexString'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.GenerateSeries'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.GenerateDateArray'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.GenerateTimestampArray'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.If'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Lag'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Lead'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Literal'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.Null'>: {'returns': <DType.NULL: 'NULL'>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.functions.Nullif'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.Struct'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.aggregate.Sum'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.temporal.Timestamp'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.ToMap'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.array.Unnest'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.core.WithinGroup'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.query.Subquery'>: {'annotator': <function <lambda>>}}
SUPPORTED_SETTINGS = {'version', 'normalization_strategy'}
@classmethod
def get_or_raise( cls, dialect: Union[str, Dialect, type[Dialect], NoneType]) -> Dialect:
 966    @classmethod
 967    def get_or_raise(cls, dialect: DialectType) -> Dialect:
 968        """
 969        Look up a dialect in the global dialect registry and return it if it exists.
 970
 971        Args:
 972            dialect: The target dialect. If this is a string, it can be optionally followed by
 973                additional key-value pairs that are separated by commas and are used to specify
 974                dialect settings, such as whether the dialect's identifiers are case-sensitive.
 975
 976        Example:
 977            >>> from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import Dialect
 978            >>> dialect = Dialect.get_or_raise("duckdb")
 979            >>> dialect = Dialect.get_or_raise("mysql, normalization_strategy = case_sensitive")
 980
 981        Returns:
 982            The corresponding Dialect instance.
 983        """
 984
 985        if not dialect:
 986            return cls()
 987        if isinstance(dialect, _Dialect):
 988            return dialect()
 989        if isinstance(dialect, Dialect):
 990            return dialect
 991        if isinstance(dialect, str):
 992            try:
 993                dialect_name, *kv_strings = dialect.split(",")
 994                kv_pairs = (kv.split("=") for kv in kv_strings)
 995                kwargs = {}
 996                for pair in kv_pairs:
 997                    key = pair[0].strip()
 998                    value: bool | str | None = None
 999
1000                    if len(pair) == 1:
1001                        # Default initialize standalone settings to True
1002                        value = True
1003                    elif len(pair) == 2:
1004                        value = pair[1].strip()
1005
1006                    kwargs[key] = to_bool(value)
1007
1008            except ValueError:
1009                raise ValueError(
1010                    f"Invalid dialect format: '{dialect}'. "
1011                    "Please use the correct format: 'dialect [, k1 = v2 [, ...]]'."
1012                )
1013
1014            result = cls.get(dialect_name.strip())
1015            if not result:
1016                # Include both built-in dialects and any loaded dialects for better error messages
1017                all_dialects = set(DIALECT_MODULE_NAMES) | set(cls._classes.keys())
1018                suggest_closest_match_and_fail("dialect", dialect_name, all_dialects)
1019
1020            assert result is not None
1021            return result(**kwargs)
1022
1023        raise ValueError(f"Invalid dialect type for '{dialect}': '{type(dialect)}'.")

Look up a dialect in the global dialect registry and return it if it exists.

Arguments:
  • dialect: The target dialect. If this is a string, it can be optionally followed by additional key-value pairs that are separated by commas and are used to specify dialect settings, such as whether the dialect's identifiers are case-sensitive.
Example:
>>> from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import Dialect
>>> dialect = Dialect.get_or_raise("duckdb")
>>> dialect = Dialect.get_or_raise("mysql, normalization_strategy = case_sensitive")
Returns:

The corresponding Dialect instance.

@classmethod
def format_time( cls, expression: str | sqlglot.expressions.core.Expr | None) -> sqlglot.expressions.core.Expr | None:
1025    @classmethod
1026    def format_time(cls, expression: str | exp.Expr | None) -> exp.Expr | None:
1027        """Converts a time format in this dialect to its equivalent Python `strftime` format."""
1028        if isinstance(expression, str):
1029            return exp.Literal.string(
1030                # the time formats are quoted
1031                format_time(expression[1:-1], cls.TIME_MAPPING, cls.TIME_TRIE)
1032            )
1033
1034        if expression and expression.is_string:
1035            return exp.Literal.string(format_time(expression.this, cls.TIME_MAPPING, cls.TIME_TRIE))
1036
1037        return expression

Converts a time format in this dialect to its equivalent Python strftime format.

version
settings
def normalize_identifier(self, expression: ~E) -> ~E:
1063    def normalize_identifier(self, expression: E) -> E:
1064        """
1065        Transforms an identifier in a way that resembles how it'd be resolved by this dialect.
1066
1067        For example, an identifier like `FoO` would be resolved as `foo` in Postgres, because it
1068        lowercases all unquoted identifiers. On the other hand, Snowflake uppercases them, so
1069        it would resolve it as `FOO`. If it was quoted, it'd need to be treated as case-sensitive,
1070        and so any normalization would be prohibited in order to avoid "breaking" the identifier.
1071
1072        There are also dialects like Spark, which are case-insensitive even when quotes are
1073        present, and dialects like MySQL, whose resolution rules match those employed by the
1074        underlying operating system, for example they may always be case-sensitive in Linux.
1075
1076        Finally, the normalization behavior of some engines can even be controlled through flags,
1077        like in Redshift's case, where users can explicitly set enable_case_sensitive_identifier.
1078
1079        SQLGlot aims to understand and handle all of these different behaviors gracefully, so
1080        that it can analyze queries in the optimizer and successfully capture their semantics.
1081        """
1082        if (
1083            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
1084            and self.normalization_strategy is not NormalizationStrategy.CASE_SENSITIVE
1085            and (
1086                not expression.quoted
1087                or self.normalization_strategy
1088                in (
1089                    NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE,
1090                    NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE_UPPERCASE,
1091                )
1092            )
1093        ):
1094            if self.normalization_strategy in (
1095                NormalizationStrategy.UPPERCASE,
1096                NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE_UPPERCASE,
1097            ):
1098                normalized = (
1099                    expression.this.translate(ASCII_UPPER)
1100                    if self.ASCII_ONLY_NORMALIZATION
1101                    else expression.this.upper()
1102                )
1103            else:
1104                normalized = (
1105                    expression.this.translate(ASCII_LOWER)
1106                    if self.ASCII_ONLY_NORMALIZATION
1107                    else expression.this.lower()
1108                )
1109
1110            expression.set("this", normalized)
1111
1112        return expression

Transforms an identifier in a way that resembles how it'd be resolved by this dialect.

For example, an identifier like FoO would be resolved as foo in Postgres, because it lowercases all unquoted identifiers. On the other hand, Snowflake uppercases them, so it would resolve it as FOO. If it was quoted, it'd need to be treated as case-sensitive, and so any normalization would be prohibited in order to avoid "breaking" the identifier.

There are also dialects like Spark, which are case-insensitive even when quotes are present, and dialects like MySQL, whose resolution rules match those employed by the underlying operating system, for example they may always be case-sensitive in Linux.

Finally, the normalization behavior of some engines can even be controlled through flags, like in Redshift's case, where users can explicitly set enable_case_sensitive_identifier.

SQLGlot aims to understand and handle all of these different behaviors gracefully, so that it can analyze queries in the optimizer and successfully capture their semantics.

def case_sensitive(self, text: str) -> bool:
1114    def case_sensitive(self, text: str) -> bool:
1115        """Checks if text contains any case sensitive characters, based on the dialect's rules."""
1116        if self.normalization_strategy is NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE:
1117            return False
1118
1119        unsafe = (
1120            str.islower
1121            if self.normalization_strategy is NormalizationStrategy.UPPERCASE
1122            else str.isupper
1123        )
1124        return any(unsafe(char) for char in text)

Checks if text contains any case sensitive characters, based on the dialect's rules.

def can_quote( self, identifier: sqlglot.expressions.core.Identifier, identify: str | bool = 'safe') -> bool:
1126    def can_quote(self, identifier: exp.Identifier, identify: str | bool = "safe") -> bool:
1127        """Checks if an identifier can be quoted
1128
1129        Args:
1130            identifier: The identifier to check.
1131            identify:
1132                `True`: Always returns `True` except for certain cases.
1133                `"safe"`: Only returns `True` if the identifier is case-insensitive.
1134                `"unsafe"`: Only returns `True` if the identifier is case-sensitive.
1135
1136        Returns:
1137            Whether the given text can be identified.
1138        """
1139        if identifier.quoted:
1140            return True
1141        if not identify:
1142            return False
1143        if isinstance(identifier.parent, exp.Func):
1144            return False
1145        if identify is True:
1146            return True
1147
1148        is_safe = not self.case_sensitive(identifier.this) and bool(
1149            exp.SAFE_IDENTIFIER_RE.match(identifier.this)
1150        )
1151
1152        if identify == "safe":
1153            return is_safe
1154        if identify == "unsafe":
1155            return not is_safe
1156
1157        raise ValueError(f"Unexpected argument for identify: '{identify}'")

Checks if an identifier can be quoted

Arguments:
  • identifier: The identifier to check.
  • identify: True: Always returns True except for certain cases. "safe": Only returns True if the identifier is case-insensitive. "unsafe": Only returns True if the identifier is case-sensitive.
Returns:

Whether the given text can be identified.

def quote_identifier(self, expression: ~E, identify: bool = True) -> ~E:
1159    def quote_identifier(self, expression: E, identify: bool = True) -> E:
1160        """
1161        Adds quotes to a given expression if it is an identifier.
1162
1163        Args:
1164            expression: The expression of interest. If it's not an `Identifier`, this method is a no-op.
1165            identify: If set to `False`, the quotes will only be added if the identifier is deemed
1166                "unsafe", with respect to its characters and this dialect's normalization strategy.
1167        """
1168        if isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier):
1169            expression.set("quoted", self.can_quote(expression, identify or "unsafe"))
1170        return expression

Adds quotes to a given expression if it is an identifier.

Arguments:
  • expression: The expression of interest. If it's not an Identifier, this method is a no-op.
  • identify: If set to False, the quotes will only be added if the identifier is deemed "unsafe", with respect to its characters and this dialect's normalization strategy.
def to_json_path( self, path: sqlglot.expressions.core.Expr | None) -> sqlglot.expressions.core.Expr | None:
1172    def to_json_path(self, path: exp.Expr | None) -> exp.Expr | None:
1173        if isinstance(path, exp.Literal):
1174            path_text = path.name
1175            if path.is_number:
1176                path_text = f"[{path_text}]"
1177            try:
1178                return parse_json_path(path_text, self)
1179            except (ParseError, TokenError) as e:
1180                if self.STRICT_JSON_PATH_SYNTAX and not path_text.lstrip().startswith(
1181                    ("lax", "strict")
1182                ):
1183                    logger.warning(f"Invalid JSON path syntax. {str(e)}")
1184
1185        return path
def parse( self, sql: str, **opts: typing_extensions.Unpack[sqlglot._typing.ParserArgs]) -> list[sqlglot.expressions.core.Expr | None]:
1187    def parse(self, sql: str, **opts: Unpack[ParserArgs]) -> list[exp.Expr | None]:
1188        return self.parser(**opts).parse(self.tokenize(sql), sql)
def parse_into( self, expression_type: Union[type[sqlglot.expressions.core.Expr], Collection[type[sqlglot.expressions.core.Expr]]], sql: str, **opts: typing_extensions.Unpack[sqlglot._typing.ParserArgs]) -> list[sqlglot.expressions.core.Expr | None]:
1190    def parse_into(
1191        self, expression_type: exp.IntoType, sql: str, **opts: Unpack[ParserArgs]
1192    ) -> list[exp.Expr | None]:
1193        return self.parser(**opts).parse_into(expression_type, self.tokenize(sql), sql)
def generate( self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.core.Expr, copy: bool = True, **opts: typing_extensions.Unpack[sqlglot._typing.GeneratorArgs]) -> str:
1195    def generate(
1196        self, expression: exp.Expr, copy: bool = True, **opts: Unpack[GeneratorArgs]
1197    ) -> str:
1198        return self.generator(**opts).generate(expression, copy=copy)
def transpile( self, sql: str, **opts: typing_extensions.Unpack[sqlglot._typing.GeneratorArgs]) -> list[str]:
1200    def transpile(self, sql: str, **opts: Unpack[GeneratorArgs]) -> list[str]:
1201        return [
1202            self.generate(expression, copy=False, **opts) if expression else ""
1203            for expression in self.parse(sql)
1204        ]
def tokenize( self, sql: str, dialect: Union[str, Dialect, type[Dialect], NoneType] = None) -> list[sqlglot.tokenizer_core.Token]:
1206    def tokenize(self, sql: str, dialect: DialectType = None) -> list[Token]:
1207        return self.tokenizer(dialect=dialect).tokenize(sql)
def tokenizer( self, dialect: Union[str, Dialect, type[Dialect], NoneType] = None) -> sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer:
1209    def tokenizer(self, dialect: DialectType = None) -> Tokenizer:
1210        return self.tokenizer_class(dialect=dialect or self)
def jsonpath_tokenizer( self, dialect: Union[str, Dialect, type[Dialect], NoneType] = None) -> sqlglot.jsonpath.JSONPathTokenizer:
1212    def jsonpath_tokenizer(self, dialect: DialectType = None) -> JSONPathTokenizer:
1213        return self.jsonpath_tokenizer_class(dialect=dialect or self)
def parser( self, **opts: typing_extensions.Unpack[sqlglot._typing.ParserArgs]) -> sqlglot.parser.Parser:
1215    def parser(self, **opts: Unpack[ParserArgs]) -> Parser:
1216        args: ParserArgs = {"dialect": self, **opts}
1217        return self.parser_class(**args)
def generator( self, **opts: typing_extensions.Unpack[sqlglot._typing.GeneratorArgs]) -> sqlglot.generator.Generator:
1219    def generator(self, **opts: Unpack[GeneratorArgs]) -> Generator:
1220        args: GeneratorArgs = {"dialect": self, **opts}
1221        return self.generator_class(**args)
def generate_values_aliases( self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.query.Values) -> list[sqlglot.expressions.core.Identifier]:
1223    def generate_values_aliases(self, expression: exp.Values) -> list[exp.Identifier]:
1224        return [
1225            exp.to_identifier(f"_col_{i}")
1226            for i, _ in enumerate(expression.expressions[0].expressions)
1227        ]
class Dialects(builtins.str, enum.Enum):
 86class Dialects(str, Enum):
 87    """Dialects supported by SQLGLot."""
 88
 89    DIALECT = ""
 90
 91    ATHENA = "athena"
 92    BIGQUERY = "bigquery"
 93    CLICKHOUSE = "clickhouse"
 94    DATABRICKS = "databricks"
 95    DAX = "dax"
 96    DORIS = "doris"
 97    DREMIO = "dremio"
 98    DRILL = "drill"
 99    DRUID = "druid"
100    DUCKDB = "duckdb"
101    DUNE = "dune"
102    FABRIC = "fabric"
103    HIVE = "hive"
104    MATERIALIZE = "materialize"
105    MYSQL = "mysql"
106    ORACLE = "oracle"
107    POSTGRES = "postgres"
108    PRESTO = "presto"
109    PRQL = "prql"
110    REDSHIFT = "redshift"
111    RISINGWAVE = "risingwave"
112    SNOWFLAKE = "snowflake"
113    SOLR = "solr"
114    SPARK = "spark"
115    SPARK2 = "spark2"
116    SQLITE = "sqlite"
117    STARROCKS = "starrocks"
118    TABLEAU = "tableau"
119    TERADATA = "teradata"
120    TRINO = "trino"
121    TSQL = "tsql"
122    EXASOL = "exasol"

Dialects supported by SQLGLot.

DIALECT = <Dialects.DIALECT: ''>
ATHENA = <Dialects.ATHENA: 'athena'>
BIGQUERY = <Dialects.BIGQUERY: 'bigquery'>
CLICKHOUSE = <Dialects.CLICKHOUSE: 'clickhouse'>
DATABRICKS = <Dialects.DATABRICKS: 'databricks'>
DAX = <Dialects.DAX: 'dax'>
DORIS = <Dialects.DORIS: 'doris'>
DREMIO = <Dialects.DREMIO: 'dremio'>
DRILL = <Dialects.DRILL: 'drill'>
DRUID = <Dialects.DRUID: 'druid'>
DUCKDB = <Dialects.DUCKDB: 'duckdb'>
DUNE = <Dialects.DUNE: 'dune'>
FABRIC = <Dialects.FABRIC: 'fabric'>
HIVE = <Dialects.HIVE: 'hive'>
MATERIALIZE = <Dialects.MATERIALIZE: 'materialize'>
MYSQL = <Dialects.MYSQL: 'mysql'>
ORACLE = <Dialects.ORACLE: 'oracle'>
POSTGRES = <Dialects.POSTGRES: 'postgres'>
PRESTO = <Dialects.PRESTO: 'presto'>
PRQL = <Dialects.PRQL: 'prql'>
REDSHIFT = <Dialects.REDSHIFT: 'redshift'>
RISINGWAVE = <Dialects.RISINGWAVE: 'risingwave'>
SNOWFLAKE = <Dialects.SNOWFLAKE: 'snowflake'>
SOLR = <Dialects.SOLR: 'solr'>
SPARK = <Dialects.SPARK: 'spark'>
SPARK2 = <Dialects.SPARK2: 'spark2'>
SQLITE = <Dialects.SQLITE: 'sqlite'>
STARROCKS = <Dialects.STARROCKS: 'starrocks'>
TABLEAU = <Dialects.TABLEAU: 'tableau'>
TERADATA = <Dialects.TERADATA: 'teradata'>
TRINO = <Dialects.TRINO: 'trino'>
TSQL = <Dialects.TSQL: 'tsql'>
EXASOL = <Dialects.EXASOL: 'exasol'>