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sqlglot.dialects.sqlite

  1from __future__ import annotations
  2
  3import typing as t
  4
  5from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms
  6from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import (
  7    Dialect,
  8    NormalizationStrategy,
  9    any_value_to_max_sql,
 10    arrow_json_extract_sql,
 11    concat_to_dpipe_sql,
 12    count_if_to_sum,
 13    no_ilike_sql,
 14    no_pivot_sql,
 15    no_tablesample_sql,
 16    no_trycast_sql,
 17    rename_func,
 18    str_position_sql,
 19)
 20from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
 21from sqlglot.generator import unsupported_args
 22
 23
 24def _date_add_sql(self: SQLite.Generator, expression: exp.DateAdd) -> str:
 25    modifier = expression.expression
 26    modifier = modifier.name if modifier.is_string else self.sql(modifier)
 27    unit = expression.args.get("unit")
 28    modifier = f"'{modifier} {unit.name}'" if unit else f"'{modifier}'"
 29    return self.func("DATE", expression.this, modifier)
 30
 31
 32def _json_extract_sql(self: SQLite.Generator, expression: exp.JSONExtract) -> str:
 33    if expression.expressions:
 34        return self.function_fallback_sql(expression)
 35    return arrow_json_extract_sql(self, expression)
 36
 37
 38def _build_strftime(args: t.List) -> exp.Anonymous | exp.TimeToStr:
 39    if len(args) == 1:
 40        args.append(exp.CurrentTimestamp())
 41    if len(args) == 2:
 42        return exp.TimeToStr(this=exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp(this=args[1]), format=args[0])
 43    return exp.Anonymous(this="STRFTIME", expressions=args)
 44
 45
 46def _transform_create(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
 47    """Move primary key to a column and enforce auto_increment on primary keys."""
 48    schema = expression.this
 49
 50    if isinstance(expression, exp.Create) and isinstance(schema, exp.Schema):
 51        defs = {}
 52        primary_key = None
 53
 54        for e in schema.expressions:
 55            if isinstance(e, exp.ColumnDef):
 56                defs[e.name] = e
 57            elif isinstance(e, exp.PrimaryKey):
 58                primary_key = e
 59
 60        if primary_key and len(primary_key.expressions) == 1:
 61            column = defs[primary_key.expressions[0].name]
 62            column.append(
 63                "constraints", exp.ColumnConstraint(kind=exp.PrimaryKeyColumnConstraint())
 64            )
 65            schema.expressions.remove(primary_key)
 66        else:
 67            for column in defs.values():
 68                auto_increment = None
 69                for constraint in column.constraints:
 70                    if isinstance(constraint.kind, exp.PrimaryKeyColumnConstraint):
 71                        break
 72                    if isinstance(constraint.kind, exp.AutoIncrementColumnConstraint):
 73                        auto_increment = constraint
 74                if auto_increment:
 75                    column.constraints.remove(auto_increment)
 76
 77    return expression
 78
 79
 80def _generated_to_auto_increment(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
 81    if not isinstance(expression, exp.ColumnDef):
 82        return expression
 83
 84    generated = expression.find(exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint)
 85
 86    if generated:
 87        t.cast(exp.ColumnConstraint, generated.parent).pop()
 88
 89        not_null = expression.find(exp.NotNullColumnConstraint)
 90        if not_null:
 91            t.cast(exp.ColumnConstraint, not_null.parent).pop()
 92
 93        expression.append(
 94            "constraints", exp.ColumnConstraint(kind=exp.AutoIncrementColumnConstraint())
 95        )
 96
 97    return expression
 98
 99
100class SQLite(Dialect):
101    # https://sqlite.org/forum/forumpost/5e575586ac5c711b?raw
102    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE
103    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
104    TYPED_DIVISION = True
105    SAFE_DIVISION = True
106
107    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
108        IDENTIFIERS = ['"', ("[", "]"), "`"]
109        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'"), ("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
110
111        KEYWORDS = tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS.copy()
112        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
113
114    class Parser(parser.Parser):
115        FUNCTIONS = {
116            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
117            "EDITDIST3": exp.Levenshtein.from_arg_list,
118            "STRFTIME": _build_strftime,
119            "DATETIME": lambda args: exp.Anonymous(this="DATETIME", expressions=args),
120            "TIME": lambda args: exp.Anonymous(this="TIME", expressions=args),
121        }
122        STRING_ALIASES = True
123
124        def _parse_unique(self) -> exp.UniqueColumnConstraint:
125            # Do not consume more tokens if UNIQUE is used as a standalone constraint, e.g:
126            # CREATE TABLE foo (bar TEXT UNIQUE REFERENCES baz ...)
127            if self._curr.text.upper() in self.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS:
128                return self.expression(exp.UniqueColumnConstraint)
129
130            return super()._parse_unique()
131
132    class Generator(generator.Generator):
133        JOIN_HINTS = False
134        TABLE_HINTS = False
135        QUERY_HINTS = False
136        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
137        JSON_PATH_BRACKETED_KEY_SUPPORTED = False
138        SUPPORTS_CREATE_TABLE_LIKE = False
139        SUPPORTS_TABLE_ALIAS_COLUMNS = False
140        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
141        EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
142        SUPPORTS_MEDIAN = False
143
144        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
145            exp.JSONPathKey,
146            exp.JSONPathRoot,
147            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
148        }
149
150        TYPE_MAPPING = {
151            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
152            exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "INTEGER",
153            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "INTEGER",
154            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "INTEGER",
155            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER",
156            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "INTEGER",
157            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "REAL",
158            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "REAL",
159            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "REAL",
160            exp.DataType.Type.CHAR: "TEXT",
161            exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR: "TEXT",
162            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "TEXT",
163            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "TEXT",
164            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BLOB",
165            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BLOB",
166        }
167
168        TOKEN_MAPPING = {
169            TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: "AUTOINCREMENT",
170        }
171
172        TRANSFORMS = {
173            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
174            exp.AnyValue: any_value_to_max_sql,
175            exp.Concat: concat_to_dpipe_sql,
176            exp.CountIf: count_if_to_sum,
177            exp.Create: transforms.preprocess([_transform_create]),
178            exp.CurrentDate: lambda *_: "CURRENT_DATE",
179            exp.CurrentTime: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIME",
180            exp.CurrentTimestamp: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP",
181            exp.ColumnDef: transforms.preprocess([_generated_to_auto_increment]),
182            exp.DateAdd: _date_add_sql,
183            exp.DateStrToDate: lambda self, e: self.sql(e, "this"),
184            exp.If: rename_func("IIF"),
185            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
186            exp.JSONExtract: _json_extract_sql,
187            exp.JSONExtractScalar: arrow_json_extract_sql,
188            exp.Levenshtein: unsupported_args("ins_cost", "del_cost", "sub_cost", "max_dist")(
189                rename_func("EDITDIST3")
190            ),
191            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("MAX"),
192            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("MIN"),
193            exp.Pivot: no_pivot_sql,
194            exp.Rand: rename_func("RANDOM"),
195            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
196                [
197                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
198                    transforms.eliminate_qualify,
199                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
200                ]
201            ),
202            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: str_position_sql(
203                self, e, str_position_func_name="INSTR"
204            ),
205            exp.TableSample: no_tablesample_sql,
206            exp.TimeStrToTime: lambda self, e: self.sql(e, "this"),
207            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func("STRFTIME", e.args.get("format"), e.this),
208            exp.TryCast: no_trycast_sql,
209            exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp: lambda self, e: self.sql(e, "this"),
210        }
211
212        # SQLite doesn't generally support CREATE TABLE .. properties
213        # https://www.sqlite.org/lang_createtable.html
214        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
215            prop: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED
216            for prop in generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION
217        }
218
219        # There are a few exceptions (e.g. temporary tables) which are supported or
220        # can be transpiled to SQLite, so we explicitly override them accordingly
221        PROPERTIES_LOCATION[exp.LikeProperty] = exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA
222        PROPERTIES_LOCATION[exp.TemporaryProperty] = exp.Properties.Location.POST_CREATE
223
224        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
225
226        def cast_sql(self, expression: exp.Cast, safe_prefix: t.Optional[str] = None) -> str:
227            if expression.is_type("date"):
228                return self.func("DATE", expression.this)
229
230            return super().cast_sql(expression)
231
232        def generateseries_sql(self, expression: exp.GenerateSeries) -> str:
233            parent = expression.parent
234            alias = parent and parent.args.get("alias")
235
236            if isinstance(alias, exp.TableAlias) and alias.columns:
237                column_alias = alias.columns[0]
238                alias.set("columns", None)
239                sql = self.sql(
240                    exp.select(exp.alias_("value", column_alias)).from_(expression).subquery()
241                )
242            else:
243                sql = self.function_fallback_sql(expression)
244
245            return sql
246
247        def datediff_sql(self, expression: exp.DateDiff) -> str:
248            unit = expression.args.get("unit")
249            unit = unit.name.upper() if unit else "DAY"
250
251            sql = f"(JULIANDAY({self.sql(expression, 'this')}) - JULIANDAY({self.sql(expression, 'expression')}))"
252
253            if unit == "MONTH":
254                sql = f"{sql} / 30.0"
255            elif unit == "YEAR":
256                sql = f"{sql} / 365.0"
257            elif unit == "HOUR":
258                sql = f"{sql} * 24.0"
259            elif unit == "MINUTE":
260                sql = f"{sql} * 1440.0"
261            elif unit == "SECOND":
262                sql = f"{sql} * 86400.0"
263            elif unit == "MILLISECOND":
264                sql = f"{sql} * 86400000.0"
265            elif unit == "MICROSECOND":
266                sql = f"{sql} * 86400000000.0"
267            elif unit == "NANOSECOND":
268                sql = f"{sql} * 8640000000000.0"
269            else:
270                self.unsupported(f"DATEDIFF unsupported for '{unit}'.")
271
272            return f"CAST({sql} AS INTEGER)"
273
274        # https://www.sqlite.org/lang_aggfunc.html#group_concat
275        def groupconcat_sql(self, expression: exp.GroupConcat) -> str:
276            this = expression.this
277            distinct = expression.find(exp.Distinct)
278
279            if distinct:
280                this = distinct.expressions[0]
281                distinct_sql = "DISTINCT "
282            else:
283                distinct_sql = ""
284
285            if isinstance(expression.this, exp.Order):
286                self.unsupported("SQLite GROUP_CONCAT doesn't support ORDER BY.")
287                if expression.this.this and not distinct:
288                    this = expression.this.this
289
290            separator = expression.args.get("separator")
291            return f"GROUP_CONCAT({distinct_sql}{self.format_args(this, separator)})"
292
293        def least_sql(self, expression: exp.Least) -> str:
294            if len(expression.expressions) > 1:
295                return rename_func("MIN")(self, expression)
296
297            return self.sql(expression, "this")
298
299        def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str:
300            this = expression.this
301            this = f" {this}" if this else ""
302            return f"BEGIN{this} TRANSACTION"
class SQLite(sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect):
101class SQLite(Dialect):
102    # https://sqlite.org/forum/forumpost/5e575586ac5c711b?raw
103    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE
104    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
105    TYPED_DIVISION = True
106    SAFE_DIVISION = True
107
108    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
109        IDENTIFIERS = ['"', ("[", "]"), "`"]
110        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'"), ("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
111
112        KEYWORDS = tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS.copy()
113        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
114
115    class Parser(parser.Parser):
116        FUNCTIONS = {
117            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
118            "EDITDIST3": exp.Levenshtein.from_arg_list,
119            "STRFTIME": _build_strftime,
120            "DATETIME": lambda args: exp.Anonymous(this="DATETIME", expressions=args),
121            "TIME": lambda args: exp.Anonymous(this="TIME", expressions=args),
122        }
123        STRING_ALIASES = True
124
125        def _parse_unique(self) -> exp.UniqueColumnConstraint:
126            # Do not consume more tokens if UNIQUE is used as a standalone constraint, e.g:
127            # CREATE TABLE foo (bar TEXT UNIQUE REFERENCES baz ...)
128            if self._curr.text.upper() in self.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS:
129                return self.expression(exp.UniqueColumnConstraint)
130
131            return super()._parse_unique()
132
133    class Generator(generator.Generator):
134        JOIN_HINTS = False
135        TABLE_HINTS = False
136        QUERY_HINTS = False
137        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
138        JSON_PATH_BRACKETED_KEY_SUPPORTED = False
139        SUPPORTS_CREATE_TABLE_LIKE = False
140        SUPPORTS_TABLE_ALIAS_COLUMNS = False
141        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
142        EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
143        SUPPORTS_MEDIAN = False
144
145        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
146            exp.JSONPathKey,
147            exp.JSONPathRoot,
148            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
149        }
150
151        TYPE_MAPPING = {
152            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
153            exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "INTEGER",
154            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "INTEGER",
155            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "INTEGER",
156            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER",
157            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "INTEGER",
158            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "REAL",
159            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "REAL",
160            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "REAL",
161            exp.DataType.Type.CHAR: "TEXT",
162            exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR: "TEXT",
163            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "TEXT",
164            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "TEXT",
165            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BLOB",
166            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BLOB",
167        }
168
169        TOKEN_MAPPING = {
170            TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: "AUTOINCREMENT",
171        }
172
173        TRANSFORMS = {
174            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
175            exp.AnyValue: any_value_to_max_sql,
176            exp.Concat: concat_to_dpipe_sql,
177            exp.CountIf: count_if_to_sum,
178            exp.Create: transforms.preprocess([_transform_create]),
179            exp.CurrentDate: lambda *_: "CURRENT_DATE",
180            exp.CurrentTime: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIME",
181            exp.CurrentTimestamp: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP",
182            exp.ColumnDef: transforms.preprocess([_generated_to_auto_increment]),
183            exp.DateAdd: _date_add_sql,
184            exp.DateStrToDate: lambda self, e: self.sql(e, "this"),
185            exp.If: rename_func("IIF"),
186            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
187            exp.JSONExtract: _json_extract_sql,
188            exp.JSONExtractScalar: arrow_json_extract_sql,
189            exp.Levenshtein: unsupported_args("ins_cost", "del_cost", "sub_cost", "max_dist")(
190                rename_func("EDITDIST3")
191            ),
192            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("MAX"),
193            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("MIN"),
194            exp.Pivot: no_pivot_sql,
195            exp.Rand: rename_func("RANDOM"),
196            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
197                [
198                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
199                    transforms.eliminate_qualify,
200                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
201                ]
202            ),
203            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: str_position_sql(
204                self, e, str_position_func_name="INSTR"
205            ),
206            exp.TableSample: no_tablesample_sql,
207            exp.TimeStrToTime: lambda self, e: self.sql(e, "this"),
208            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func("STRFTIME", e.args.get("format"), e.this),
209            exp.TryCast: no_trycast_sql,
210            exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp: lambda self, e: self.sql(e, "this"),
211        }
212
213        # SQLite doesn't generally support CREATE TABLE .. properties
214        # https://www.sqlite.org/lang_createtable.html
215        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
216            prop: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED
217            for prop in generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION
218        }
219
220        # There are a few exceptions (e.g. temporary tables) which are supported or
221        # can be transpiled to SQLite, so we explicitly override them accordingly
222        PROPERTIES_LOCATION[exp.LikeProperty] = exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA
223        PROPERTIES_LOCATION[exp.TemporaryProperty] = exp.Properties.Location.POST_CREATE
224
225        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
226
227        def cast_sql(self, expression: exp.Cast, safe_prefix: t.Optional[str] = None) -> str:
228            if expression.is_type("date"):
229                return self.func("DATE", expression.this)
230
231            return super().cast_sql(expression)
232
233        def generateseries_sql(self, expression: exp.GenerateSeries) -> str:
234            parent = expression.parent
235            alias = parent and parent.args.get("alias")
236
237            if isinstance(alias, exp.TableAlias) and alias.columns:
238                column_alias = alias.columns[0]
239                alias.set("columns", None)
240                sql = self.sql(
241                    exp.select(exp.alias_("value", column_alias)).from_(expression).subquery()
242                )
243            else:
244                sql = self.function_fallback_sql(expression)
245
246            return sql
247
248        def datediff_sql(self, expression: exp.DateDiff) -> str:
249            unit = expression.args.get("unit")
250            unit = unit.name.upper() if unit else "DAY"
251
252            sql = f"(JULIANDAY({self.sql(expression, 'this')}) - JULIANDAY({self.sql(expression, 'expression')}))"
253
254            if unit == "MONTH":
255                sql = f"{sql} / 30.0"
256            elif unit == "YEAR":
257                sql = f"{sql} / 365.0"
258            elif unit == "HOUR":
259                sql = f"{sql} * 24.0"
260            elif unit == "MINUTE":
261                sql = f"{sql} * 1440.0"
262            elif unit == "SECOND":
263                sql = f"{sql} * 86400.0"
264            elif unit == "MILLISECOND":
265                sql = f"{sql} * 86400000.0"
266            elif unit == "MICROSECOND":
267                sql = f"{sql} * 86400000000.0"
268            elif unit == "NANOSECOND":
269                sql = f"{sql} * 8640000000000.0"
270            else:
271                self.unsupported(f"DATEDIFF unsupported for '{unit}'.")
272
273            return f"CAST({sql} AS INTEGER)"
274
275        # https://www.sqlite.org/lang_aggfunc.html#group_concat
276        def groupconcat_sql(self, expression: exp.GroupConcat) -> str:
277            this = expression.this
278            distinct = expression.find(exp.Distinct)
279
280            if distinct:
281                this = distinct.expressions[0]
282                distinct_sql = "DISTINCT "
283            else:
284                distinct_sql = ""
285
286            if isinstance(expression.this, exp.Order):
287                self.unsupported("SQLite GROUP_CONCAT doesn't support ORDER BY.")
288                if expression.this.this and not distinct:
289                    this = expression.this.this
290
291            separator = expression.args.get("separator")
292            return f"GROUP_CONCAT({distinct_sql}{self.format_args(this, separator)})"
293
294        def least_sql(self, expression: exp.Least) -> str:
295            if len(expression.expressions) > 1:
296                return rename_func("MIN")(self, expression)
297
298            return self.sql(expression, "this")
299
300        def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str:
301            this = expression.this
302            this = f" {this}" if this else ""
303            return f"BEGIN{this} TRANSACTION"
NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = <NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE: 'CASE_INSENSITIVE'>

Specifies the strategy according to which identifiers should be normalized.

SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False

Whether SEMI or ANTI joins are supported.

TYPED_DIVISION = True

Whether the behavior of a / b depends on the types of a and b. False means a / b is always float division. True means a / b is integer division if both a and b are integers.

SAFE_DIVISION = True

Whether division by zero throws an error (False) or returns NULL (True).

SUPPORTS_COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS = False

Whether the old-style outer join (+) syntax is supported.

tokenizer_class = <class 'SQLite.Tokenizer'>
jsonpath_tokenizer_class = <class 'sqlglot.tokens.JSONPathTokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'SQLite.Parser'>
generator_class = <class 'SQLite.Generator'>
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {}
INVERSE_FORMAT_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {}
INVERSE_FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {}
INVERSE_CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {}
ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '"'
IDENTIFIER_END = '"'
BIT_START: Optional[str] = None
BIT_END: Optional[str] = None
HEX_START: Optional[str] = "x'"
HEX_END: Optional[str] = "'"
BYTE_START: Optional[str] = None
BYTE_END: Optional[str] = None
UNICODE_START: Optional[str] = None
UNICODE_END: Optional[str] = None
class SQLite.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer):
108    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
109        IDENTIFIERS = ['"', ("[", "]"), "`"]
110        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'"), ("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
111
112        KEYWORDS = tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS.copy()
113        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
IDENTIFIERS = ['"', ('[', ']'), '`']
HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'"), ('0x', ''), ('0X', '')]
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 'DPIPE'>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 'GTE'>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 'LTE'>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 'COLON_EQ'>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 'NULLSAFE_EQ'>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 'DARROW'>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 'HASH_ARROW'>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 'DHASH_ARROW'>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 'LR_ARROW'>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 'DAMP'>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 'DQMARK'>, '~~~': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, '~~': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, '~~*': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, '~*': <TokenType.IRLIKE: 'IRLIKE'>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, 'ALWAYS': <TokenType.ALWAYS: 'ALWAYS'>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 'AND'>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 'ALIAS'>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, 'CHARACTER SET': <TokenType.CHARACTER_SET: 'CHARACTER_SET'>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 'CLUSTER_BY'>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 'CONNECT_BY'>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 'CROSS'>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 'DISTINCT'>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 'DISTRIBUTE_BY'>, 'DIV': <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 'END'>, 'ENUM': <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 'FROM'>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 'GROUP_BY'>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 'GROUPING_SETS'>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 'HAVING'>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 'INNER'>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 'INTERSECT'>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 'INTO'>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 'JOIN'>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 'LATERAL'>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 'NOTNULL'>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 'ON'>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 'OR'>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 'XOR'>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 'ORDER_BY'>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 'OUTER'>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 'OVER'>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 'PRIMARY_KEY'>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 'QUALIFY'>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'RENAME': <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, 'ROW': <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 'SELECT'>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 'SORT_BY'>, 'START WITH': <TokenType.START_WITH: 'START_WITH'>, 'STRAIGHT_JOIN': <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 'THEN'>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 'UNION'>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 'USING'>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 'WHEN'>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 'WHERE'>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 'WITH'>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'UHUGEINT': <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT8': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'UINT': <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL32': <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, 'DECIMAL64': <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, 'DECIMAL128': <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, 'DECIMAL256': <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 'DECIMAL256'>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'LIST': <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, 'JSONB': <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'BPCHAR': <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPNTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, 'VECTOR': <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'SEQUENCE': <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.GRANT: 'GRANT'>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, 'FOR VERSION': <TokenType.VERSION_SNAPSHOT: 'VERSION_SNAPSHOT'>, 'FOR TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>}
class SQLite.Parser(sqlglot.parser.Parser):
115    class Parser(parser.Parser):
116        FUNCTIONS = {
117            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
118            "EDITDIST3": exp.Levenshtein.from_arg_list,
119            "STRFTIME": _build_strftime,
120            "DATETIME": lambda args: exp.Anonymous(this="DATETIME", expressions=args),
121            "TIME": lambda args: exp.Anonymous(this="TIME", expressions=args),
122        }
123        STRING_ALIASES = True
124
125        def _parse_unique(self) -> exp.UniqueColumnConstraint:
126            # Do not consume more tokens if UNIQUE is used as a standalone constraint, e.g:
127            # CREATE TABLE foo (bar TEXT UNIQUE REFERENCES baz ...)
128            if self._curr.text.upper() in self.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS:
129                return self.expression(exp.UniqueColumnConstraint)
130
131            return super()._parse_unique()

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the Tokenizer and produces a parsed syntax tree.

Arguments:
  • error_level: The desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.IMMEDIATE
  • error_message_context: The amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 100
  • max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
FUNCTIONS = {'ABS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>>, 'ADD_MONTHS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AddMonths'>>, 'ANONYMOUS_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnonymousAggFunc'>>, 'ANY_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPLY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Apply'>>, 'APPROX_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'APPROX_TOP_K': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxTopK'>>, 'ARG_MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARGMAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'MAX_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARG_MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARGMIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'MIN_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARRAY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAll'>>, 'ARRAY_ANY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>>, 'ARRAY_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CONSTRUCT_COMPACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConstructCompact'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'ARRAY_HAS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>>, 'ARRAY_HAS_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>>, 'FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_OVERLAPS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>>, 'ARRAY_SIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_SORT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySort'>>, 'ARRAY_SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySum'>>, 'ARRAY_TO_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_JOIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_UNION_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUnionAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_UNIQUE_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>>, 'AVG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>>, 'CASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>>, 'CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>>, 'CAST_TO_STR_TYPE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CastToStrType'>>, 'CBRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cbrt'>>, 'CEIL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CEILING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CHR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHAR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COALESCE': <function build_coalesce>, 'IFNULL': <function build_coalesce>, 'NVL': <function build_coalesce>, 'COLLATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Collate'>>, 'COLUMNS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Columns'>>, 'COMBINED_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedAggFunc'>>, 'COMBINED_PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedParameterizedAgg'>>, 'CONCAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONCAT_WS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONNECT_BY_ROOT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConnectByRoot'>>, 'CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Contains'>>, 'CONVERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Convert'>>, 'CONVERT_TIMEZONE': <function build_convert_timezone>, 'CORR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Corr'>>, 'COUNT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COUNT_IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COUNTIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COVAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarPop'>>, 'COVAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarSamp'>>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'CURRENT_USER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Date'>>, 'DATE_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>>, 'DATEDIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATE_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATE_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATE_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>>, 'DATE_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>>, 'DATE_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>>, 'DATE_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateTrunc'>>, 'DATETIME': <function SQLite.Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATETIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>>, 'DATETIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>>, 'DATETIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>>, 'DATETIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeTrunc'>>, 'DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>>, 'DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAYOFMONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAY_OF_WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK_ISO': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeekIso'>>, 'ISODOW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeekIso'>>, 'DAY_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DAYOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DECODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>>, 'DI_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>>, 'ENCODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>>, 'EXISTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exists'>>, 'EXP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>>, 'EXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'EXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodeOuter'>>, 'EXPLODING_GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodingGenerateSeries'>>, 'EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>>, 'FEATURES_AT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FeaturesAtTime'>>, 'FIRST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.First'>>, 'FIRST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FirstValue'>>, 'FLATTEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Flatten'>>, 'FLOOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>>, 'FROM_BASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase'>>, 'FROM_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase64'>>, 'FROM_ISO8601_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromISO8601Timestamp'>>, 'GAP_FILL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GapFill'>>, 'GENERATE_DATE_ARRAY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'GENERATE_TIMESTAMP_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateTimestampArray'>>, 'GREATEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>>, 'GROUP_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'HEX': <function build_hex>, 'HLL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hll'>>, 'IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'IIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'INITCAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>>, 'INLINE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Inline'>>, 'INT64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Int64'>>, 'IS_INF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'ISINF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'IS_NAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'ISNAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArray'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayAgg'>>, 'JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>>, 'JSONB_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBContains'>>, 'JSONB_EXISTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExists'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>>, 'J_S_O_N_EXISTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExists'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractArray'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_FORMAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObjectAgg'>>, 'J_S_O_N_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONTable'>>, 'J_S_O_N_VALUE_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONValueArray'>>, 'LAG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lag'>>, 'LAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Last'>>, 'LAST_DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastValue'>>, 'LEAD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lead'>>, 'LEAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>>, 'LEFT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>>, 'LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEVENSHTEIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'LIST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.List'>>, 'LN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>>, 'LOG': <function build_logarithm>, 'LOGICAL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOLAND_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'LOGICAL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOLOR_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'LOWER': <function build_lower>, 'LCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'LOWER_HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LowerHex'>>, 'MD5': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5'>>, 'MD5_DIGEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MAKE_INTERVAL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MakeInterval'>>, 'MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>>, 'MAP_FROM_ENTRIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MapFromEntries'>>, 'MATCH_AGAINST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MatchAgainst'>>, 'MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>>, 'MEDIAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Median'>>, 'MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>>, 'MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>>, 'MONTHS_BETWEEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MonthsBetween'>>, 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NextValueFor'>>, 'NORMALIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Normalize'>>, 'NTH_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NthValue'>>, 'NULLIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nullif'>>, 'NUMBER_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>>, 'NVL2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nvl2'>>, 'OBJECT_INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ObjectInsert'>>, 'OPEN_J_S_O_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OpenJSON'>>, 'OVERLAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Overlay'>>, 'PAD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pad'>>, 'PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParameterizedAgg'>>, 'PARSE_JSON': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'JSON_PARSE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'PERCENTILE_CONT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>>, 'PERCENTILE_DISC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>>, 'POSEXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Posexplode'>>, 'POSEXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PosexplodeOuter'>>, 'POWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'POW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'PREDICT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Predict'>>, 'QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>>, 'QUARTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quarter'>>, 'RAND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDOM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Randn'>>, 'RANGE_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RangeN'>>, 'READ_CSV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReadCSV'>>, 'REDUCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Reduce'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtractAll'>>, 'REGEXP_I_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>>, 'REGEXP_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'REGEXP_REPLACE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpReplace'>>, 'REGEXP_SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'REPEAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>>, 'RIGHT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>>, 'ROUND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>>, 'ROW_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowNumber'>>, 'SHA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA1': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>>, 'SAFE_DIVIDE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>>, 'SIGN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SIGNUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SORT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>>, 'SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Split'>>, 'SPLIT_PART': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SplitPart'>>, 'SQRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>>, 'STANDARD_HASH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StandardHash'>>, 'STAR_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>>, 'STARTS_WITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STARTSWITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STDDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDDEV_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>>, 'STDDEV_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>>, 'STR_POSITION': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>>, 'STR_TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>>, 'STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>>, 'STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix'>>, 'STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.String'>>, 'STRING_TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StringToArray'>>, 'SPLIT_BY_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StringToArray'>>, 'STRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'STRUCT_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>>, 'STUFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'SUBSTRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUBSTR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>>, 'TIME': <function SQLite.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>>, 'TIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>>, 'TIME_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIMEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>>, 'TIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>>, 'TIME_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>>, 'TIME_TO_TIME_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIME_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeTrunc'>>, 'TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>>, 'TIMESTAMPDIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts'>>, 'TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>>, 'TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToArray'>>, 'TO_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>>, 'TO_CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>>, 'TO_DAYS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDays'>>, 'TO_DOUBLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDouble'>>, 'TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>>, 'TO_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToNumber'>>, 'TRANSFORM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Transform'>>, 'TRIM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>>, 'TRY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Try'>>, 'TRY_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>>, 'TS_OR_DI_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDatetime'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTime'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTimestamp'>>, 'UNHEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'UNIX_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixDate'>>, 'UNIX_SECONDS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixSeconds'>>, 'UNIX_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>>, 'UNNEST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UPPER': <function build_upper>, 'UCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'UUID': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'GEN_RANDOM_UUID': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'GENERATE_UUID': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'UUID_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'VAR_MAP': <function build_var_map>, 'VARIANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'VAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>>, 'WEEK_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WEEKOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WHEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.When'>>, 'X_M_L_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLTable'>>, 'XOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>>, 'YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>>, 'ARRAYAGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GLOB': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INSTR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'LIKE': <function build_like>, 'LOG2': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG10': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LEFTPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LTRIM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MOD': <function build_mod>, 'RIGHTPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RTRIM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SCOPE_RESOLUTION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO_HEX': <function build_hex>, 'EDITDIST3': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'STRFTIME': <function _build_strftime>}
STRING_ALIASES = True
ID_VAR_TOKENS = {<TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.SOURCE: 'SOURCE'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.DETACH: 'DETACH'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.ATTACH: 'ATTACH'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.SINK: 'SINK'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.MULTIPOLYGON: 'MULTIPOLYGON'>, <TokenType.RING: 'RING'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 'DECIMAL256'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.POLYGON: 'POLYGON'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.MULTILINESTRING: 'MULTILINESTRING'>, <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.POINT: 'POINT'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.LINESTRING: 'LINESTRING'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>}
TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = {<TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.SOURCE: 'SOURCE'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.DETACH: 'DETACH'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.ATTACH: 'ATTACH'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.SINK: 'SINK'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.MULTIPOLYGON: 'MULTIPOLYGON'>, <TokenType.RING: 'RING'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 'DECIMAL256'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.POLYGON: 'POLYGON'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.MULTILINESTRING: 'MULTILINESTRING'>, <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.POINT: 'POINT'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.LINESTRING: 'LINESTRING'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>}
SHOW_TRIE: Dict = {}
SET_TRIE: Dict = {'GLOBAL': {0: True}, 'LOCAL': {0: True}, 'SESSION': {0: True}, 'TRANSACTION': {0: True}}
Inherited Members
sqlglot.parser.Parser
Parser
NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS
STRUCT_TYPE_TOKENS
NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS
ENUM_TYPE_TOKENS
AGGREGATE_TYPE_TOKENS
TYPE_TOKENS
SIGNED_TO_UNSIGNED_TYPE_TOKEN
SUBQUERY_PREDICATES
RESERVED_TOKENS
DB_CREATABLES
CREATABLES
ALTERABLES
INTERVAL_VARS
ALIAS_TOKENS
ARRAY_CONSTRUCTORS
COMMENT_TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS
UPDATE_ALIAS_TOKENS
TRIM_TYPES
FUNC_TOKENS
CONJUNCTION
ASSIGNMENT
DISJUNCTION
EQUALITY
COMPARISON
BITWISE
TERM
FACTOR
EXPONENT
TIMES
TIMESTAMPS
SET_OPERATIONS
JOIN_METHODS
JOIN_SIDES
JOIN_KINDS
JOIN_HINTS
LAMBDAS
COLUMN_OPERATORS
EXPRESSION_PARSERS
STATEMENT_PARSERS
UNARY_PARSERS
STRING_PARSERS
NUMERIC_PARSERS
PRIMARY_PARSERS
PLACEHOLDER_PARSERS
RANGE_PARSERS
PROPERTY_PARSERS
CONSTRAINT_PARSERS
ALTER_PARSERS
ALTER_ALTER_PARSERS
SCHEMA_UNNAMED_CONSTRAINTS
NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS
INVALID_FUNC_NAME_TOKENS
FUNCTIONS_WITH_ALIASED_ARGS
KEY_VALUE_DEFINITIONS
FUNCTION_PARSERS
QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS
SET_PARSERS
SHOW_PARSERS
TYPE_LITERAL_PARSERS
TYPE_CONVERTERS
DDL_SELECT_TOKENS
PRE_VOLATILE_TOKENS
TRANSACTION_KIND
TRANSACTION_CHARACTERISTICS
CONFLICT_ACTIONS
CREATE_SEQUENCE
ISOLATED_LOADING_OPTIONS
USABLES
CAST_ACTIONS
SCHEMA_BINDING_OPTIONS
PROCEDURE_OPTIONS
EXECUTE_AS_OPTIONS
KEY_CONSTRAINT_OPTIONS
INSERT_ALTERNATIVES
CLONE_KEYWORDS
HISTORICAL_DATA_PREFIX
HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND
OPCLASS_FOLLOW_KEYWORDS
OPTYPE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
TABLE_INDEX_HINT_TOKENS
VIEW_ATTRIBUTES
WINDOW_ALIAS_TOKENS
WINDOW_BEFORE_PAREN_TOKENS
WINDOW_SIDES
JSON_KEY_VALUE_SEPARATOR_TOKENS
FETCH_TOKENS
ADD_CONSTRAINT_TOKENS
DISTINCT_TOKENS
NULL_TOKENS
UNNEST_OFFSET_ALIAS_TOKENS
SELECT_START_TOKENS
COPY_INTO_VARLEN_OPTIONS
IS_JSON_PREDICATE_KIND
ODBC_DATETIME_LITERALS
ON_CONDITION_TOKENS
PRIVILEGE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
DESCRIBE_STYLES
OPERATION_MODIFIERS
STRICT_CAST
PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS
IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS
LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN
ALTER_TABLE_ADD_REQUIRED_FOR_EACH_COLUMN
TABLESAMPLE_CSV
DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD
SET_REQUIRES_ASSIGNMENT_DELIMITER
TRIM_PATTERN_FIRST
MODIFIERS_ATTACHED_TO_SET_OP
SET_OP_MODIFIERS
NO_PAREN_IF_COMMANDS
JSON_ARROWS_REQUIRE_JSON_TYPE
COLON_IS_VARIANT_EXTRACT
VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN
SUPPORTS_IMPLICIT_UNNEST
INTERVAL_SPANS
SUPPORTS_PARTITION_SELECTION
WRAPPED_TRANSFORM_COLUMN_CONSTRAINT
error_level
error_message_context
max_errors
dialect
reset
parse
parse_into
check_errors
raise_error
expression
validate_expression
errors
sql
class SQLite.Generator(sqlglot.generator.Generator):
133    class Generator(generator.Generator):
134        JOIN_HINTS = False
135        TABLE_HINTS = False
136        QUERY_HINTS = False
137        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
138        JSON_PATH_BRACKETED_KEY_SUPPORTED = False
139        SUPPORTS_CREATE_TABLE_LIKE = False
140        SUPPORTS_TABLE_ALIAS_COLUMNS = False
141        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
142        EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
143        SUPPORTS_MEDIAN = False
144
145        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
146            exp.JSONPathKey,
147            exp.JSONPathRoot,
148            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
149        }
150
151        TYPE_MAPPING = {
152            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
153            exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "INTEGER",
154            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "INTEGER",
155            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "INTEGER",
156            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER",
157            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "INTEGER",
158            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "REAL",
159            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "REAL",
160            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "REAL",
161            exp.DataType.Type.CHAR: "TEXT",
162            exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR: "TEXT",
163            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "TEXT",
164            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "TEXT",
165            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BLOB",
166            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BLOB",
167        }
168
169        TOKEN_MAPPING = {
170            TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: "AUTOINCREMENT",
171        }
172
173        TRANSFORMS = {
174            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
175            exp.AnyValue: any_value_to_max_sql,
176            exp.Concat: concat_to_dpipe_sql,
177            exp.CountIf: count_if_to_sum,
178            exp.Create: transforms.preprocess([_transform_create]),
179            exp.CurrentDate: lambda *_: "CURRENT_DATE",
180            exp.CurrentTime: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIME",
181            exp.CurrentTimestamp: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP",
182            exp.ColumnDef: transforms.preprocess([_generated_to_auto_increment]),
183            exp.DateAdd: _date_add_sql,
184            exp.DateStrToDate: lambda self, e: self.sql(e, "this"),
185            exp.If: rename_func("IIF"),
186            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
187            exp.JSONExtract: _json_extract_sql,
188            exp.JSONExtractScalar: arrow_json_extract_sql,
189            exp.Levenshtein: unsupported_args("ins_cost", "del_cost", "sub_cost", "max_dist")(
190                rename_func("EDITDIST3")
191            ),
192            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("MAX"),
193            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("MIN"),
194            exp.Pivot: no_pivot_sql,
195            exp.Rand: rename_func("RANDOM"),
196            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
197                [
198                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
199                    transforms.eliminate_qualify,
200                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
201                ]
202            ),
203            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: str_position_sql(
204                self, e, str_position_func_name="INSTR"
205            ),
206            exp.TableSample: no_tablesample_sql,
207            exp.TimeStrToTime: lambda self, e: self.sql(e, "this"),
208            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func("STRFTIME", e.args.get("format"), e.this),
209            exp.TryCast: no_trycast_sql,
210            exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp: lambda self, e: self.sql(e, "this"),
211        }
212
213        # SQLite doesn't generally support CREATE TABLE .. properties
214        # https://www.sqlite.org/lang_createtable.html
215        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
216            prop: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED
217            for prop in generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION
218        }
219
220        # There are a few exceptions (e.g. temporary tables) which are supported or
221        # can be transpiled to SQLite, so we explicitly override them accordingly
222        PROPERTIES_LOCATION[exp.LikeProperty] = exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA
223        PROPERTIES_LOCATION[exp.TemporaryProperty] = exp.Properties.Location.POST_CREATE
224
225        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
226
227        def cast_sql(self, expression: exp.Cast, safe_prefix: t.Optional[str] = None) -> str:
228            if expression.is_type("date"):
229                return self.func("DATE", expression.this)
230
231            return super().cast_sql(expression)
232
233        def generateseries_sql(self, expression: exp.GenerateSeries) -> str:
234            parent = expression.parent
235            alias = parent and parent.args.get("alias")
236
237            if isinstance(alias, exp.TableAlias) and alias.columns:
238                column_alias = alias.columns[0]
239                alias.set("columns", None)
240                sql = self.sql(
241                    exp.select(exp.alias_("value", column_alias)).from_(expression).subquery()
242                )
243            else:
244                sql = self.function_fallback_sql(expression)
245
246            return sql
247
248        def datediff_sql(self, expression: exp.DateDiff) -> str:
249            unit = expression.args.get("unit")
250            unit = unit.name.upper() if unit else "DAY"
251
252            sql = f"(JULIANDAY({self.sql(expression, 'this')}) - JULIANDAY({self.sql(expression, 'expression')}))"
253
254            if unit == "MONTH":
255                sql = f"{sql} / 30.0"
256            elif unit == "YEAR":
257                sql = f"{sql} / 365.0"
258            elif unit == "HOUR":
259                sql = f"{sql} * 24.0"
260            elif unit == "MINUTE":
261                sql = f"{sql} * 1440.0"
262            elif unit == "SECOND":
263                sql = f"{sql} * 86400.0"
264            elif unit == "MILLISECOND":
265                sql = f"{sql} * 86400000.0"
266            elif unit == "MICROSECOND":
267                sql = f"{sql} * 86400000000.0"
268            elif unit == "NANOSECOND":
269                sql = f"{sql} * 8640000000000.0"
270            else:
271                self.unsupported(f"DATEDIFF unsupported for '{unit}'.")
272
273            return f"CAST({sql} AS INTEGER)"
274
275        # https://www.sqlite.org/lang_aggfunc.html#group_concat
276        def groupconcat_sql(self, expression: exp.GroupConcat) -> str:
277            this = expression.this
278            distinct = expression.find(exp.Distinct)
279
280            if distinct:
281                this = distinct.expressions[0]
282                distinct_sql = "DISTINCT "
283            else:
284                distinct_sql = ""
285
286            if isinstance(expression.this, exp.Order):
287                self.unsupported("SQLite GROUP_CONCAT doesn't support ORDER BY.")
288                if expression.this.this and not distinct:
289                    this = expression.this.this
290
291            separator = expression.args.get("separator")
292            return f"GROUP_CONCAT({distinct_sql}{self.format_args(this, separator)})"
293
294        def least_sql(self, expression: exp.Least) -> str:
295            if len(expression.expressions) > 1:
296                return rename_func("MIN")(self, expression)
297
298            return self.sql(expression, "this")
299
300        def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str:
301            this = expression.this
302            this = f" {this}" if this else ""
303            return f"BEGIN{this} TRANSACTION"

Generator converts a given syntax tree to the corresponding SQL string.

Arguments:
  • pretty: Whether to format the produced SQL string. Default: False.
  • identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are: False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect. True or 'always': Always quote. 'safe': Only quote identifiers that are case insensitive.
  • normalize: Whether to normalize identifiers to lowercase. Default: False.
  • pad: The pad size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of a projection in a query, relative to its nesting level. Default: 2.
  • indent: The indentation size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of subqueries and filters under a WHERE clause. Default: 2.
  • normalize_functions: How to normalize function names. Possible values are: "upper" or True (default): Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.
  • unsupported_level: Determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
  • max_unsupported: Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
  • leading_comma: Whether the comma is leading or trailing in select expressions. This is only relevant when generating in pretty mode. Default: False
  • max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
  • comments: Whether to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True
JOIN_HINTS = False
TABLE_HINTS = False
QUERY_HINTS = False
NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
JSON_PATH_BRACKETED_KEY_SUPPORTED = False
SUPPORTS_CREATE_TABLE_LIKE = False
SUPPORTS_TABLE_ALIAS_COLUMNS = False
SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
SUPPORTS_MEDIAN = False
TYPE_MAPPING = {<Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>: 'TEXT', <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>: 'TEXT', <Type.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.INET: 'INET'>: 'INET', <Type.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>: 'VARBINARY', <Type.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>: 'INTEGER', <Type.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>: 'INTEGER', <Type.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>: 'INTEGER', <Type.INT: 'INT'>: 'INTEGER', <Type.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>: 'INTEGER', <Type.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>: 'REAL', <Type.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>: 'REAL', <Type.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>: 'REAL', <Type.CHAR: 'CHAR'>: 'TEXT', <Type.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>: 'TEXT', <Type.BINARY: 'BINARY'>: 'BLOB', <Type.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>: 'BLOB'}
TOKEN_MAPPING = {<TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>: 'AUTOINCREMENT'}
TRANSFORMS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathKey'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRoot'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSubscript'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AllowedValuesProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CaseSpecificColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CommentColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConnectByRoot'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFormatColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefaultColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DynamicProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EmptyProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EphemeralColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExcludeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Except'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InlineLengthColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Intersect'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntervalSpan'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Int64'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NonClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NotForReplicationColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnUpdateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Operator'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PathColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PivotAny'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ProjectionPolicyColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecureProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stream'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StreamingTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrictProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SwapTable'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Tags'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TitleColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Union'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UppercaseColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithProcedureOptions'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSchemaBindingProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithOperator'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>: <function any_value_to_max_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Concat'>: <function concat_to_dpipe_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>: <function count_if_to_sum>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Create'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>: <function SQLite.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>: <function SQLite.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>: <function SQLite.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ColumnDef'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function _date_add_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function SQLite.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ILike'>: <function no_ilike_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract'>: <function _json_extract_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>: <function arrow_json_extract_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pivot'>: <function no_pivot_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>: <function SQLite.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TableSample'>: <function no_tablesample_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function SQLite.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>: <function SQLite.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>: <function no_trycast_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTimestamp'>: <function SQLite.Generator.<lambda>>}
PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.AllowedValuesProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AlgorithmProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BlockCompressionProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ChecksumProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cluster'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredByProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistributedByProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DuplicateKeyProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataBlocksizeProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataDeletionProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefinerProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictRange'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DynamicProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistKeyProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistStyleProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EmptyProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EngineProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FallbackProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FreespaceProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IncludeProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsolatedLoadingProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JournalProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockingProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeBlockRatioProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Order'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedOfProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PrimaryKey'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Property'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatDelimitedProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatSerdeProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecureProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecurityProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SerdeProperties'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Set'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SequenceProperties'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortKeyProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StreamingTableProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrictProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Tags'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeTreeTTL'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithDataProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithProcedureOptions'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSchemaBindingProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSystemVersioningProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>}
LIMIT_FETCH = 'LIMIT'
def cast_sql( self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Cast, safe_prefix: Optional[str] = None) -> str:
227        def cast_sql(self, expression: exp.Cast, safe_prefix: t.Optional[str] = None) -> str:
228            if expression.is_type("date"):
229                return self.func("DATE", expression.this)
230
231            return super().cast_sql(expression)
def generateseries_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries) -> str:
233        def generateseries_sql(self, expression: exp.GenerateSeries) -> str:
234            parent = expression.parent
235            alias = parent and parent.args.get("alias")
236
237            if isinstance(alias, exp.TableAlias) and alias.columns:
238                column_alias = alias.columns[0]
239                alias.set("columns", None)
240                sql = self.sql(
241                    exp.select(exp.alias_("value", column_alias)).from_(expression).subquery()
242                )
243            else:
244                sql = self.function_fallback_sql(expression)
245
246            return sql
def datediff_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff) -> str:
248        def datediff_sql(self, expression: exp.DateDiff) -> str:
249            unit = expression.args.get("unit")
250            unit = unit.name.upper() if unit else "DAY"
251
252            sql = f"(JULIANDAY({self.sql(expression, 'this')}) - JULIANDAY({self.sql(expression, 'expression')}))"
253
254            if unit == "MONTH":
255                sql = f"{sql} / 30.0"
256            elif unit == "YEAR":
257                sql = f"{sql} / 365.0"
258            elif unit == "HOUR":
259                sql = f"{sql} * 24.0"
260            elif unit == "MINUTE":
261                sql = f"{sql} * 1440.0"
262            elif unit == "SECOND":
263                sql = f"{sql} * 86400.0"
264            elif unit == "MILLISECOND":
265                sql = f"{sql} * 86400000.0"
266            elif unit == "MICROSECOND":
267                sql = f"{sql} * 86400000000.0"
268            elif unit == "NANOSECOND":
269                sql = f"{sql} * 8640000000000.0"
270            else:
271                self.unsupported(f"DATEDIFF unsupported for '{unit}'.")
272
273            return f"CAST({sql} AS INTEGER)"
def groupconcat_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat) -> str:
276        def groupconcat_sql(self, expression: exp.GroupConcat) -> str:
277            this = expression.this
278            distinct = expression.find(exp.Distinct)
279
280            if distinct:
281                this = distinct.expressions[0]
282                distinct_sql = "DISTINCT "
283            else:
284                distinct_sql = ""
285
286            if isinstance(expression.this, exp.Order):
287                self.unsupported("SQLite GROUP_CONCAT doesn't support ORDER BY.")
288                if expression.this.this and not distinct:
289                    this = expression.this.this
290
291            separator = expression.args.get("separator")
292            return f"GROUP_CONCAT({distinct_sql}{self.format_args(this, separator)})"
def least_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Least) -> str:
294        def least_sql(self, expression: exp.Least) -> str:
295            if len(expression.expressions) > 1:
296                return rename_func("MIN")(self, expression)
297
298            return self.sql(expression, "this")
def transaction_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Transaction) -> str:
300        def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str:
301            this = expression.this
302            this = f" {this}" if this else ""
303            return f"BEGIN{this} TRANSACTION"
SELECT_KINDS: Tuple[str, ...] = ()
TRY_SUPPORTED = False
SUPPORTS_UESCAPE = False
AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS = {'windows': <function Generator.<lambda>>, 'qualify': <function Generator.<lambda>>}
Inherited Members
sqlglot.generator.Generator
Generator
NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED
IGNORE_NULLS_IN_FUNC
LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED
WRAP_DERIVED_VALUES
CREATE_FUNCTION_RETURN_AS
MATCHED_BY_SOURCE
SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL
INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM
LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS
RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB
GROUPINGS_SEP
INDEX_ON
QUERY_HINT_SEP
IS_BOOL_ALLOWED
DUPLICATE_KEY_UPDATE_WITH_SET
LIMIT_IS_TOP
RETURNING_END
EXTRACT_ALLOWS_QUOTES
TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE
VALUES_AS_TABLE
ALTER_TABLE_INCLUDE_COLUMN_KEYWORD
UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY
AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED
SEMI_ANTI_JOIN_WITH_SIDE
COMPUTED_COLUMN_WITH_TYPE
SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY
TABLESAMPLE_REQUIRES_PARENS
TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_ROWS
TABLESAMPLE_KEYWORDS
TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD
TABLESAMPLE_SEED_KEYWORD
COLLATE_IS_FUNC
DATA_TYPE_SPECIFIERS_ALLOWED
ENSURE_BOOLS
CTE_RECURSIVE_KEYWORD_REQUIRED
SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT
LAST_DAY_SUPPORTS_DATE_PART
UNPIVOT_ALIASES_ARE_IDENTIFIERS
JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP
INSERT_OVERWRITE
SUPPORTS_SELECT_INTO
SUPPORTS_UNLOGGED_TABLES
LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA
MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT
JSON_TYPE_REQUIRED_FOR_EXTRACTION
JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE
CAN_IMPLEMENT_ARRAY_ANY
SET_OP_MODIFIERS
COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED
COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED
COPY_HAS_INTO_KEYWORD
STAR_EXCEPT
HEX_FUNC
WITH_PROPERTIES_PREFIX
QUOTE_JSON_PATH
PAD_FILL_PATTERN_IS_REQUIRED
SUPPORTS_EXPLODING_PROJECTIONS
ARRAY_CONCAT_IS_VAR_LEN
SUPPORTS_CONVERT_TIMEZONE
SUPPORTS_UNIX_SECONDS
PARSE_JSON_NAME
ARRAY_SIZE_NAME
ARRAY_SIZE_DIM_REQUIRED
TIME_PART_SINGULARS
STRUCT_DELIMITER
PARAMETER_TOKEN
NAMED_PLACEHOLDER_TOKEN
EXPRESSION_PRECEDES_PROPERTIES_CREATABLES
RESERVED_KEYWORDS
WITH_SEPARATED_COMMENTS
EXCLUDE_COMMENTS
UNWRAPPED_INTERVAL_VALUES
PARAMETERIZABLE_TEXT_TYPES
EXPRESSIONS_WITHOUT_NESTED_CTES
SENTINEL_LINE_BREAK
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includeproperty_sql