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sqlglot.dialects.tsql

   1from __future__ import annotations
   2
   3import datetime
   4import re
   5import typing as t
   6from functools import partial, reduce
   7
   8from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms
   9from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import (
  10    Dialect,
  11    NormalizationStrategy,
  12    any_value_to_max_sql,
  13    date_delta_sql,
  14    datestrtodate_sql,
  15    generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql,
  16    max_or_greatest,
  17    min_or_least,
  18    build_date_delta,
  19    rename_func,
  20    strposition_sql,
  21    trim_sql,
  22    timestrtotime_sql,
  23)
  24from sqlglot.helper import seq_get
  25from sqlglot.parser import build_coalesce
  26from sqlglot.time import format_time
  27from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
  28
  29if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
  30    from sqlglot._typing import E
  31
  32FULL_FORMAT_TIME_MAPPING = {
  33    "weekday": "%A",
  34    "dw": "%A",
  35    "w": "%A",
  36    "month": "%B",
  37    "mm": "%B",
  38    "m": "%B",
  39}
  40
  41DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL = {
  42    "year": "year",
  43    "yyyy": "year",
  44    "yy": "year",
  45    "quarter": "quarter",
  46    "qq": "quarter",
  47    "q": "quarter",
  48    "month": "month",
  49    "mm": "month",
  50    "m": "month",
  51    "week": "week",
  52    "ww": "week",
  53    "wk": "week",
  54    "day": "day",
  55    "dd": "day",
  56    "d": "day",
  57}
  58
  59
  60DATE_FMT_RE = re.compile("([dD]{1,2})|([mM]{1,2})|([yY]{1,4})|([hH]{1,2})|([sS]{1,2})")
  61
  62# N = Numeric, C=Currency
  63TRANSPILE_SAFE_NUMBER_FMT = {"N", "C"}
  64
  65DEFAULT_START_DATE = datetime.date(1900, 1, 1)
  66
  67BIT_TYPES = {exp.EQ, exp.NEQ, exp.Is, exp.In, exp.Select, exp.Alias}
  68
  69# Unsupported options:
  70# - OPTIMIZE FOR ( @variable_name { UNKNOWN | = <literal_constant> } [ , ...n ] )
  71# - TABLE HINT
  72OPTIONS: parser.OPTIONS_TYPE = {
  73    **dict.fromkeys(
  74        (
  75            "DISABLE_OPTIMIZED_PLAN_FORCING",
  76            "FAST",
  77            "IGNORE_NONCLUSTERED_COLUMNSTORE_INDEX",
  78            "LABEL",
  79            "MAXDOP",
  80            "MAXRECURSION",
  81            "MAX_GRANT_PERCENT",
  82            "MIN_GRANT_PERCENT",
  83            "NO_PERFORMANCE_SPOOL",
  84            "QUERYTRACEON",
  85            "RECOMPILE",
  86        ),
  87        tuple(),
  88    ),
  89    "CONCAT": ("UNION",),
  90    "DISABLE": ("EXTERNALPUSHDOWN", "SCALEOUTEXECUTION"),
  91    "EXPAND": ("VIEWS",),
  92    "FORCE": ("EXTERNALPUSHDOWN", "ORDER", "SCALEOUTEXECUTION"),
  93    "HASH": ("GROUP", "JOIN", "UNION"),
  94    "KEEP": ("PLAN",),
  95    "KEEPFIXED": ("PLAN",),
  96    "LOOP": ("JOIN",),
  97    "MERGE": ("JOIN", "UNION"),
  98    "OPTIMIZE": (("FOR", "UNKNOWN"),),
  99    "ORDER": ("GROUP",),
 100    "PARAMETERIZATION": ("FORCED", "SIMPLE"),
 101    "ROBUST": ("PLAN",),
 102    "USE": ("PLAN",),
 103}
 104
 105OPTIONS_THAT_REQUIRE_EQUAL = ("MAX_GRANT_PERCENT", "MIN_GRANT_PERCENT", "LABEL")
 106
 107
 108def _build_formatted_time(
 109    exp_class: t.Type[E], full_format_mapping: t.Optional[bool] = None
 110) -> t.Callable[[t.List], E]:
 111    def _builder(args: t.List) -> E:
 112        assert len(args) == 2
 113
 114        return exp_class(
 115            this=exp.cast(args[1], exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME2),
 116            format=exp.Literal.string(
 117                format_time(
 118                    args[0].name.lower(),
 119                    (
 120                        {**TSQL.TIME_MAPPING, **FULL_FORMAT_TIME_MAPPING}
 121                        if full_format_mapping
 122                        else TSQL.TIME_MAPPING
 123                    ),
 124                )
 125            ),
 126        )
 127
 128    return _builder
 129
 130
 131def _build_format(args: t.List) -> exp.NumberToStr | exp.TimeToStr:
 132    this = seq_get(args, 0)
 133    fmt = seq_get(args, 1)
 134    culture = seq_get(args, 2)
 135
 136    number_fmt = fmt and (fmt.name in TRANSPILE_SAFE_NUMBER_FMT or not DATE_FMT_RE.search(fmt.name))
 137
 138    if number_fmt:
 139        return exp.NumberToStr(this=this, format=fmt, culture=culture)
 140
 141    if fmt:
 142        fmt = exp.Literal.string(
 143            format_time(fmt.name, TSQL.FORMAT_TIME_MAPPING)
 144            if len(fmt.name) == 1
 145            else format_time(fmt.name, TSQL.TIME_MAPPING)
 146        )
 147
 148    return exp.TimeToStr(this=this, format=fmt, culture=culture)
 149
 150
 151def _build_eomonth(args: t.List) -> exp.LastDay:
 152    date = exp.TsOrDsToDate(this=seq_get(args, 0))
 153    month_lag = seq_get(args, 1)
 154
 155    if month_lag is None:
 156        this: exp.Expression = date
 157    else:
 158        unit = DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL.get("month")
 159        this = exp.DateAdd(this=date, expression=month_lag, unit=unit and exp.var(unit))
 160
 161    return exp.LastDay(this=this)
 162
 163
 164def _build_hashbytes(args: t.List) -> exp.Expression:
 165    kind, data = args
 166    kind = kind.name.upper() if kind.is_string else ""
 167
 168    if kind == "MD5":
 169        args.pop(0)
 170        return exp.MD5(this=data)
 171    if kind in ("SHA", "SHA1"):
 172        args.pop(0)
 173        return exp.SHA(this=data)
 174    if kind == "SHA2_256":
 175        return exp.SHA2(this=data, length=exp.Literal.number(256))
 176    if kind == "SHA2_512":
 177        return exp.SHA2(this=data, length=exp.Literal.number(512))
 178
 179    return exp.func("HASHBYTES", *args)
 180
 181
 182DATEPART_ONLY_FORMATS = {"DW", "WK", "HOUR", "QUARTER"}
 183
 184
 185def _format_sql(self: TSQL.Generator, expression: exp.NumberToStr | exp.TimeToStr) -> str:
 186    fmt = expression.args["format"]
 187
 188    if not isinstance(expression, exp.NumberToStr):
 189        if fmt.is_string:
 190            mapped_fmt = format_time(fmt.name, TSQL.INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING)
 191
 192            name = (mapped_fmt or "").upper()
 193            if name in DATEPART_ONLY_FORMATS:
 194                return self.func("DATEPART", name, expression.this)
 195
 196            fmt_sql = self.sql(exp.Literal.string(mapped_fmt))
 197        else:
 198            fmt_sql = self.format_time(expression) or self.sql(fmt)
 199    else:
 200        fmt_sql = self.sql(fmt)
 201
 202    return self.func("FORMAT", expression.this, fmt_sql, expression.args.get("culture"))
 203
 204
 205def _string_agg_sql(self: TSQL.Generator, expression: exp.GroupConcat) -> str:
 206    this = expression.this
 207    distinct = expression.find(exp.Distinct)
 208    if distinct:
 209        # exp.Distinct can appear below an exp.Order or an exp.GroupConcat expression
 210        self.unsupported("T-SQL STRING_AGG doesn't support DISTINCT.")
 211        this = distinct.pop().expressions[0]
 212
 213    order = ""
 214    if isinstance(expression.this, exp.Order):
 215        if expression.this.this:
 216            this = expression.this.this.pop()
 217        # Order has a leading space
 218        order = f" WITHIN GROUP ({self.sql(expression.this)[1:]})"
 219
 220    separator = expression.args.get("separator") or exp.Literal.string(",")
 221    return f"STRING_AGG({self.format_args(this, separator)}){order}"
 222
 223
 224def _build_date_delta(
 225    exp_class: t.Type[E], unit_mapping: t.Optional[t.Dict[str, str]] = None
 226) -> t.Callable[[t.List], E]:
 227    def _builder(args: t.List) -> E:
 228        unit = seq_get(args, 0)
 229        if unit and unit_mapping:
 230            unit = exp.var(unit_mapping.get(unit.name.lower(), unit.name))
 231
 232        start_date = seq_get(args, 1)
 233        if start_date and start_date.is_number:
 234            # Numeric types are valid DATETIME values
 235            if start_date.is_int:
 236                adds = DEFAULT_START_DATE + datetime.timedelta(days=start_date.to_py())
 237                start_date = exp.Literal.string(adds.strftime("%F"))
 238            else:
 239                # We currently don't handle float values, i.e. they're not converted to equivalent DATETIMEs.
 240                # This is not a problem when generating T-SQL code, it is when transpiling to other dialects.
 241                return exp_class(this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=start_date, unit=unit)
 242
 243        return exp_class(
 244            this=exp.TimeStrToTime(this=seq_get(args, 2)),
 245            expression=exp.TimeStrToTime(this=start_date),
 246            unit=unit,
 247        )
 248
 249    return _builder
 250
 251
 252def qualify_derived_table_outputs(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
 253    """Ensures all (unnamed) output columns are aliased for CTEs and Subqueries."""
 254    alias = expression.args.get("alias")
 255
 256    if (
 257        isinstance(expression, (exp.CTE, exp.Subquery))
 258        and isinstance(alias, exp.TableAlias)
 259        and not alias.columns
 260    ):
 261        from sqlglot.optimizer.qualify_columns import qualify_outputs
 262
 263        # We keep track of the unaliased column projection indexes instead of the expressions
 264        # themselves, because the latter are going to be replaced by new nodes when the aliases
 265        # are added and hence we won't be able to reach these newly added Alias parents
 266        query = expression.this
 267        unaliased_column_indexes = (
 268            i for i, c in enumerate(query.selects) if isinstance(c, exp.Column) and not c.alias
 269        )
 270
 271        qualify_outputs(query)
 272
 273        # Preserve the quoting information of columns for newly added Alias nodes
 274        query_selects = query.selects
 275        for select_index in unaliased_column_indexes:
 276            alias = query_selects[select_index]
 277            column = alias.this
 278            if isinstance(column.this, exp.Identifier):
 279                alias.args["alias"].set("quoted", column.this.quoted)
 280
 281    return expression
 282
 283
 284# https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/functions/datetimefromparts-transact-sql?view=sql-server-ver16#syntax
 285def _build_datetimefromparts(args: t.List) -> exp.TimestampFromParts:
 286    return exp.TimestampFromParts(
 287        year=seq_get(args, 0),
 288        month=seq_get(args, 1),
 289        day=seq_get(args, 2),
 290        hour=seq_get(args, 3),
 291        min=seq_get(args, 4),
 292        sec=seq_get(args, 5),
 293        milli=seq_get(args, 6),
 294    )
 295
 296
 297# https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/functions/timefromparts-transact-sql?view=sql-server-ver16#syntax
 298def _build_timefromparts(args: t.List) -> exp.TimeFromParts:
 299    return exp.TimeFromParts(
 300        hour=seq_get(args, 0),
 301        min=seq_get(args, 1),
 302        sec=seq_get(args, 2),
 303        fractions=seq_get(args, 3),
 304        precision=seq_get(args, 4),
 305    )
 306
 307
 308def _build_with_arg_as_text(
 309    klass: t.Type[exp.Expression],
 310) -> t.Callable[[t.List[exp.Expression]], exp.Expression]:
 311    def _parse(args: t.List[exp.Expression]) -> exp.Expression:
 312        this = seq_get(args, 0)
 313
 314        if this and not this.is_string:
 315            this = exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TEXT)
 316
 317        expression = seq_get(args, 1)
 318        kwargs = {"this": this}
 319
 320        if expression:
 321            kwargs["expression"] = expression
 322
 323        return klass(**kwargs)
 324
 325    return _parse
 326
 327
 328# https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/functions/parsename-transact-sql?view=sql-server-ver16
 329def _build_parsename(args: t.List) -> exp.SplitPart | exp.Anonymous:
 330    # PARSENAME(...) will be stored into exp.SplitPart if:
 331    # - All args are literals
 332    # - The part index (2nd arg) is <= 4 (max valid value, otherwise TSQL returns NULL)
 333    if len(args) == 2 and all(isinstance(arg, exp.Literal) for arg in args):
 334        this = args[0]
 335        part_index = args[1]
 336        split_count = len(this.name.split("."))
 337        if split_count <= 4:
 338            return exp.SplitPart(
 339                this=this,
 340                delimiter=exp.Literal.string("."),
 341                part_index=exp.Literal.number(split_count + 1 - part_index.to_py()),
 342            )
 343
 344    return exp.Anonymous(this="PARSENAME", expressions=args)
 345
 346
 347def _build_json_query(args: t.List, dialect: Dialect) -> exp.JSONExtract:
 348    if len(args) == 1:
 349        # The default value for path is '$'. As a result, if you don't provide a
 350        # value for path, JSON_QUERY returns the input expression.
 351        args.append(exp.Literal.string("$"))
 352
 353    return parser.build_extract_json_with_path(exp.JSONExtract)(args, dialect)
 354
 355
 356def _json_extract_sql(
 357    self: TSQL.Generator, expression: exp.JSONExtract | exp.JSONExtractScalar
 358) -> str:
 359    json_query = self.func("JSON_QUERY", expression.this, expression.expression)
 360    json_value = self.func("JSON_VALUE", expression.this, expression.expression)
 361    return self.func("ISNULL", json_query, json_value)
 362
 363
 364def _timestrtotime_sql(self: TSQL.Generator, expression: exp.TimeStrToTime):
 365    sql = timestrtotime_sql(self, expression)
 366    if expression.args.get("zone"):
 367        # If there is a timezone, produce an expression like:
 368        # CAST('2020-01-01 12:13:14-08:00' AS DATETIMEOFFSET) AT TIME ZONE 'UTC'
 369        # If you dont have AT TIME ZONE 'UTC', wrapping that expression in another cast back to DATETIME2 just drops the timezone information
 370        return self.sql(exp.AtTimeZone(this=sql, zone=exp.Literal.string("UTC")))
 371    return sql
 372
 373
 374def _build_datetrunc(args: t.List) -> exp.TimestampTrunc:
 375    unit = seq_get(args, 0)
 376    this = seq_get(args, 1)
 377
 378    if this and this.is_string:
 379        this = exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME2)
 380
 381    return exp.TimestampTrunc(this=this, unit=unit)
 382
 383
 384class TSQL(Dialect):
 385    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
 386    LOG_BASE_FIRST = False
 387    TYPED_DIVISION = True
 388    CONCAT_COALESCE = True
 389    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE
 390
 391    TIME_FORMAT = "'yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss'"
 392
 393    TIME_MAPPING = {
 394        "year": "%Y",
 395        "dayofyear": "%j",
 396        "day": "%d",
 397        "dy": "%d",
 398        "y": "%Y",
 399        "week": "%W",
 400        "ww": "%W",
 401        "wk": "%W",
 402        "hour": "%h",
 403        "hh": "%I",
 404        "minute": "%M",
 405        "mi": "%M",
 406        "n": "%M",
 407        "second": "%S",
 408        "ss": "%S",
 409        "s": "%-S",
 410        "millisecond": "%f",
 411        "ms": "%f",
 412        "weekday": "%w",
 413        "dw": "%w",
 414        "month": "%m",
 415        "mm": "%M",
 416        "m": "%-M",
 417        "Y": "%Y",
 418        "YYYY": "%Y",
 419        "YY": "%y",
 420        "MMMM": "%B",
 421        "MMM": "%b",
 422        "MM": "%m",
 423        "M": "%-m",
 424        "dddd": "%A",
 425        "dd": "%d",
 426        "d": "%-d",
 427        "HH": "%H",
 428        "H": "%-H",
 429        "h": "%-I",
 430        "ffffff": "%f",
 431        "yyyy": "%Y",
 432        "yy": "%y",
 433    }
 434
 435    CONVERT_FORMAT_MAPPING = {
 436        "0": "%b %d %Y %-I:%M%p",
 437        "1": "%m/%d/%y",
 438        "2": "%y.%m.%d",
 439        "3": "%d/%m/%y",
 440        "4": "%d.%m.%y",
 441        "5": "%d-%m-%y",
 442        "6": "%d %b %y",
 443        "7": "%b %d, %y",
 444        "8": "%H:%M:%S",
 445        "9": "%b %d %Y %-I:%M:%S:%f%p",
 446        "10": "mm-dd-yy",
 447        "11": "yy/mm/dd",
 448        "12": "yymmdd",
 449        "13": "%d %b %Y %H:%M:ss:%f",
 450        "14": "%H:%M:%S:%f",
 451        "20": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",
 452        "21": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f",
 453        "22": "%m/%d/%y %-I:%M:%S %p",
 454        "23": "%Y-%m-%d",
 455        "24": "%H:%M:%S",
 456        "25": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f",
 457        "100": "%b %d %Y %-I:%M%p",
 458        "101": "%m/%d/%Y",
 459        "102": "%Y.%m.%d",
 460        "103": "%d/%m/%Y",
 461        "104": "%d.%m.%Y",
 462        "105": "%d-%m-%Y",
 463        "106": "%d %b %Y",
 464        "107": "%b %d, %Y",
 465        "108": "%H:%M:%S",
 466        "109": "%b %d %Y %-I:%M:%S:%f%p",
 467        "110": "%m-%d-%Y",
 468        "111": "%Y/%m/%d",
 469        "112": "%Y%m%d",
 470        "113": "%d %b %Y %H:%M:%S:%f",
 471        "114": "%H:%M:%S:%f",
 472        "120": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",
 473        "121": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f",
 474    }
 475
 476    FORMAT_TIME_MAPPING = {
 477        "y": "%B %Y",
 478        "d": "%m/%d/%Y",
 479        "H": "%-H",
 480        "h": "%-I",
 481        "s": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",
 482        "D": "%A,%B,%Y",
 483        "f": "%A,%B,%Y %-I:%M %p",
 484        "F": "%A,%B,%Y %-I:%M:%S %p",
 485        "g": "%m/%d/%Y %-I:%M %p",
 486        "G": "%m/%d/%Y %-I:%M:%S %p",
 487        "M": "%B %-d",
 488        "m": "%B %-d",
 489        "O": "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S",
 490        "u": "%Y-%M-%D %H:%M:%S%z",
 491        "U": "%A, %B %D, %Y %H:%M:%S%z",
 492        "T": "%-I:%M:%S %p",
 493        "t": "%-I:%M",
 494        "Y": "%a %Y",
 495    }
 496
 497    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
 498        IDENTIFIERS = [("[", "]"), '"']
 499        QUOTES = ["'", '"']
 500        HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
 501        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"@", "$", "#"}
 502
 503        KEYWORDS = {
 504            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
 505            "CLUSTERED INDEX": TokenType.INDEX,
 506            "DATETIME2": TokenType.DATETIME2,
 507            "DATETIMEOFFSET": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
 508            "DECLARE": TokenType.DECLARE,
 509            "EXEC": TokenType.COMMAND,
 510            "FOR SYSTEM_TIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT,
 511            "IMAGE": TokenType.IMAGE,
 512            "MONEY": TokenType.MONEY,
 513            "NONCLUSTERED INDEX": TokenType.INDEX,
 514            "NTEXT": TokenType.TEXT,
 515            "OPTION": TokenType.OPTION,
 516            "OUTPUT": TokenType.RETURNING,
 517            "PRINT": TokenType.COMMAND,
 518            "PROC": TokenType.PROCEDURE,
 519            "REAL": TokenType.FLOAT,
 520            "ROWVERSION": TokenType.ROWVERSION,
 521            "SMALLDATETIME": TokenType.SMALLDATETIME,
 522            "SMALLMONEY": TokenType.SMALLMONEY,
 523            "SQL_VARIANT": TokenType.VARIANT,
 524            "SYSTEM_USER": TokenType.CURRENT_USER,
 525            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
 526            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.ROWVERSION,
 527            "TINYINT": TokenType.UTINYINT,
 528            "UNIQUEIDENTIFIER": TokenType.UUID,
 529            "UPDATE STATISTICS": TokenType.COMMAND,
 530            "XML": TokenType.XML,
 531        }
 532        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
 533
 534        COMMANDS = {*tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS, TokenType.END}
 535
 536    class Parser(parser.Parser):
 537        SET_REQUIRES_ASSIGNMENT_DELIMITER = False
 538        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
 539        ALTER_TABLE_ADD_REQUIRED_FOR_EACH_COLUMN = False
 540        STRING_ALIASES = True
 541        NO_PAREN_IF_COMMANDS = False
 542
 543        QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS = {
 544            **parser.Parser.QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS,
 545            TokenType.OPTION: lambda self: ("options", self._parse_options()),
 546        }
 547
 548        # T-SQL does not allow BEGIN to be used as an identifier
 549        ID_VAR_TOKENS = parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS - {TokenType.BEGIN}
 550        ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.ALIAS_TOKENS - {TokenType.BEGIN}
 551        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS - {TokenType.BEGIN}
 552        COMMENT_TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.COMMENT_TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS - {TokenType.BEGIN}
 553        UPDATE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.UPDATE_ALIAS_TOKENS - {TokenType.BEGIN}
 554
 555        FUNCTIONS = {
 556            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
 557            "CHARINDEX": lambda args: exp.StrPosition(
 558                this=seq_get(args, 1),
 559                substr=seq_get(args, 0),
 560                position=seq_get(args, 2),
 561            ),
 562            "COUNT": lambda args: exp.Count(
 563                this=seq_get(args, 0), expressions=args[1:], big_int=False
 564            ),
 565            "COUNT_BIG": lambda args: exp.Count(
 566                this=seq_get(args, 0), expressions=args[1:], big_int=True
 567            ),
 568            "DATEADD": build_date_delta(exp.DateAdd, unit_mapping=DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL),
 569            "DATEDIFF": _build_date_delta(exp.DateDiff, unit_mapping=DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL),
 570            "DATENAME": _build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, full_format_mapping=True),
 571            "DATEPART": _build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr),
 572            "DATETIMEFROMPARTS": _build_datetimefromparts,
 573            "EOMONTH": _build_eomonth,
 574            "FORMAT": _build_format,
 575            "GETDATE": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list,
 576            "HASHBYTES": _build_hashbytes,
 577            "ISNULL": build_coalesce,
 578            "JSON_QUERY": _build_json_query,
 579            "JSON_VALUE": parser.build_extract_json_with_path(exp.JSONExtractScalar),
 580            "LEN": _build_with_arg_as_text(exp.Length),
 581            "LEFT": _build_with_arg_as_text(exp.Left),
 582            "NEWID": exp.Uuid.from_arg_list,
 583            "RIGHT": _build_with_arg_as_text(exp.Right),
 584            "PARSENAME": _build_parsename,
 585            "REPLICATE": exp.Repeat.from_arg_list,
 586            "SCHEMA_NAME": exp.CurrentSchema.from_arg_list,
 587            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
 588            "SYSDATETIME": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list,
 589            "SUSER_NAME": exp.CurrentUser.from_arg_list,
 590            "SUSER_SNAME": exp.CurrentUser.from_arg_list,
 591            "SYSTEM_USER": exp.CurrentUser.from_arg_list,
 592            "TIMEFROMPARTS": _build_timefromparts,
 593            "DATETRUNC": _build_datetrunc,
 594        }
 595
 596        JOIN_HINTS = {"LOOP", "HASH", "MERGE", "REMOTE"}
 597
 598        PROCEDURE_OPTIONS = dict.fromkeys(
 599            ("ENCRYPTION", "RECOMPILE", "SCHEMABINDING", "NATIVE_COMPILATION", "EXECUTE"), tuple()
 600        )
 601
 602        COLUMN_DEFINITION_MODES = {"OUT", "OUTPUT", "READ_ONLY"}
 603
 604        RETURNS_TABLE_TOKENS = parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS - {
 605            TokenType.TABLE,
 606            *parser.Parser.TYPE_TOKENS,
 607        }
 608
 609        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
 610            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
 611            TokenType.DECLARE: lambda self: self._parse_declare(),
 612        }
 613
 614        RANGE_PARSERS = {
 615            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,
 616            TokenType.DCOLON: lambda self, this: self.expression(
 617                exp.ScopeResolution,
 618                this=this,
 619                expression=self._parse_function() or self._parse_var(any_token=True),
 620            ),
 621        }
 622
 623        NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
 624            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS,
 625            "NEXT": lambda self: self._parse_next_value_for(),
 626        }
 627
 628        # The DCOLON (::) operator serves as a scope resolution (exp.ScopeResolution) operator in T-SQL
 629        COLUMN_OPERATORS = {
 630            **parser.Parser.COLUMN_OPERATORS,
 631            TokenType.DCOLON: lambda self, this, to: self.expression(exp.Cast, this=this, to=to)
 632            if isinstance(to, exp.DataType) and to.this != exp.DataType.Type.USERDEFINED
 633            else self.expression(exp.ScopeResolution, this=this, expression=to),
 634        }
 635
 636        def _parse_dcolon(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 637            # We want to use _parse_types() if the first token after :: is a known type,
 638            # otherwise we could parse something like x::varchar(max) into a function
 639            if self._match_set(self.TYPE_TOKENS, advance=False):
 640                return self._parse_types()
 641
 642            return self._parse_function() or self._parse_types()
 643
 644        def _parse_options(self) -> t.Optional[t.List[exp.Expression]]:
 645            if not self._match(TokenType.OPTION):
 646                return None
 647
 648            def _parse_option() -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 649                option = self._parse_var_from_options(OPTIONS)
 650                if not option:
 651                    return None
 652
 653                self._match(TokenType.EQ)
 654                return self.expression(
 655                    exp.QueryOption, this=option, expression=self._parse_primary_or_var()
 656                )
 657
 658            return self._parse_wrapped_csv(_parse_option)
 659
 660        def _parse_projections(self) -> t.List[exp.Expression]:
 661            """
 662            T-SQL supports the syntax alias = expression in the SELECT's projection list,
 663            so we transform all parsed Selects to convert their EQ projections into Aliases.
 664
 665            See: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/queries/select-clause-transact-sql?view=sql-server-ver16#syntax
 666            """
 667            return [
 668                (
 669                    exp.alias_(projection.expression, projection.this.this, copy=False)
 670                    if isinstance(projection, exp.EQ) and isinstance(projection.this, exp.Column)
 671                    else projection
 672                )
 673                for projection in super()._parse_projections()
 674            ]
 675
 676        def _parse_commit_or_rollback(self) -> exp.Commit | exp.Rollback:
 677            """Applies to SQL Server and Azure SQL Database
 678            COMMIT [ { TRAN | TRANSACTION }
 679                [ transaction_name | @tran_name_variable ] ]
 680                [ WITH ( DELAYED_DURABILITY = { OFF | ON } ) ]
 681
 682            ROLLBACK { TRAN | TRANSACTION }
 683                [ transaction_name | @tran_name_variable
 684                | savepoint_name | @savepoint_variable ]
 685            """
 686            rollback = self._prev.token_type == TokenType.ROLLBACK
 687
 688            self._match_texts(("TRAN", "TRANSACTION"))
 689            this = self._parse_id_var()
 690
 691            if rollback:
 692                return self.expression(exp.Rollback, this=this)
 693
 694            durability = None
 695            if self._match_pair(TokenType.WITH, TokenType.L_PAREN):
 696                self._match_text_seq("DELAYED_DURABILITY")
 697                self._match(TokenType.EQ)
 698
 699                if self._match_text_seq("OFF"):
 700                    durability = False
 701                else:
 702                    self._match(TokenType.ON)
 703                    durability = True
 704
 705                self._match_r_paren()
 706
 707            return self.expression(exp.Commit, this=this, durability=durability)
 708
 709        def _parse_transaction(self) -> exp.Transaction | exp.Command:
 710            """Applies to SQL Server and Azure SQL Database
 711            BEGIN { TRAN | TRANSACTION }
 712            [ { transaction_name | @tran_name_variable }
 713            [ WITH MARK [ 'description' ] ]
 714            ]
 715            """
 716            if self._match_texts(("TRAN", "TRANSACTION")):
 717                transaction = self.expression(exp.Transaction, this=self._parse_id_var())
 718                if self._match_text_seq("WITH", "MARK"):
 719                    transaction.set("mark", self._parse_string())
 720
 721                return transaction
 722
 723            return self._parse_as_command(self._prev)
 724
 725        def _parse_returns(self) -> exp.ReturnsProperty:
 726            table = self._parse_id_var(any_token=False, tokens=self.RETURNS_TABLE_TOKENS)
 727            returns = super()._parse_returns()
 728            returns.set("table", table)
 729            return returns
 730
 731        def _parse_convert(
 732            self, strict: bool, safe: t.Optional[bool] = None
 733        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 734            this = self._parse_types()
 735            self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
 736            args = [this, *self._parse_csv(self._parse_assignment)]
 737            convert = exp.Convert.from_arg_list(args)
 738            convert.set("safe", safe)
 739            convert.set("strict", strict)
 740            return convert
 741
 742        def _parse_column_def(
 743            self, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression], computed_column: bool = True
 744        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 745            this = super()._parse_column_def(this=this, computed_column=computed_column)
 746            if not this:
 747                return None
 748            if self._match(TokenType.EQ):
 749                this.set("default", self._parse_disjunction())
 750            if self._match_texts(self.COLUMN_DEFINITION_MODES):
 751                this.set("output", self._prev.text)
 752            return this
 753
 754        def _parse_user_defined_function(
 755            self, kind: t.Optional[TokenType] = None
 756        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 757            this = super()._parse_user_defined_function(kind=kind)
 758
 759            if (
 760                kind == TokenType.FUNCTION
 761                or isinstance(this, exp.UserDefinedFunction)
 762                or self._match(TokenType.ALIAS, advance=False)
 763            ):
 764                return this
 765
 766            if not self._match(TokenType.WITH, advance=False):
 767                expressions = self._parse_csv(self._parse_function_parameter)
 768            else:
 769                expressions = None
 770
 771            return self.expression(exp.UserDefinedFunction, this=this, expressions=expressions)
 772
 773        def _parse_id_var(
 774            self,
 775            any_token: bool = True,
 776            tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None,
 777        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 778            is_temporary = self._match(TokenType.HASH)
 779            is_global = is_temporary and self._match(TokenType.HASH)
 780
 781            this = super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
 782            if this:
 783                if is_global:
 784                    this.set("global", True)
 785                elif is_temporary:
 786                    this.set("temporary", True)
 787
 788            return this
 789
 790        def _parse_create(self) -> exp.Create | exp.Command:
 791            create = super()._parse_create()
 792
 793            if isinstance(create, exp.Create):
 794                table = create.this.this if isinstance(create.this, exp.Schema) else create.this
 795                if isinstance(table, exp.Table) and table.this and table.this.args.get("temporary"):
 796                    if not create.args.get("properties"):
 797                        create.set("properties", exp.Properties(expressions=[]))
 798
 799                    create.args["properties"].append("expressions", exp.TemporaryProperty())
 800
 801            return create
 802
 803        def _parse_if(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 804            index = self._index
 805
 806            if self._match_text_seq("OBJECT_ID"):
 807                self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_string)
 808                if self._match_text_seq("IS", "NOT", "NULL") and self._match(TokenType.DROP):
 809                    return self._parse_drop(exists=True)
 810                self._retreat(index)
 811
 812            return super()._parse_if()
 813
 814        def _parse_unique(self) -> exp.UniqueColumnConstraint:
 815            if self._match_texts(("CLUSTERED", "NONCLUSTERED")):
 816                this = self.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS[self._prev.text.upper()](self)
 817            else:
 818                this = self._parse_schema(self._parse_id_var(any_token=False))
 819
 820            return self.expression(exp.UniqueColumnConstraint, this=this)
 821
 822        def _parse_partition(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Partition]:
 823            if not self._match_text_seq("WITH", "(", "PARTITIONS"):
 824                return None
 825
 826            def parse_range():
 827                low = self._parse_bitwise()
 828                high = self._parse_bitwise() if self._match_text_seq("TO") else None
 829
 830                return (
 831                    self.expression(exp.PartitionRange, this=low, expression=high) if high else low
 832                )
 833
 834            partition = self.expression(
 835                exp.Partition, expressions=self._parse_wrapped_csv(parse_range)
 836            )
 837
 838            self._match_r_paren()
 839
 840            return partition
 841
 842        def _parse_declare(self) -> exp.Declare | exp.Command:
 843            index = self._index
 844            expressions = self._try_parse(partial(self._parse_csv, self._parse_declareitem))
 845
 846            if not expressions or self._curr:
 847                self._retreat(index)
 848                return self._parse_as_command(self._prev)
 849
 850            return self.expression(exp.Declare, expressions=expressions)
 851
 852        def _parse_declareitem(self) -> t.Optional[exp.DeclareItem]:
 853            var = self._parse_id_var()
 854            if not var:
 855                return None
 856
 857            value = None
 858            self._match(TokenType.ALIAS)
 859            if self._match(TokenType.TABLE):
 860                data_type = self._parse_schema()
 861            else:
 862                data_type = self._parse_types()
 863                if self._match(TokenType.EQ):
 864                    value = self._parse_bitwise()
 865
 866            return self.expression(exp.DeclareItem, this=var, kind=data_type, default=value)
 867
 868    class Generator(generator.Generator):
 869        LIMIT_IS_TOP = True
 870        QUERY_HINTS = False
 871        RETURNING_END = False
 872        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
 873        ALTER_TABLE_INCLUDE_COLUMN_KEYWORD = False
 874        LIMIT_FETCH = "FETCH"
 875        COMPUTED_COLUMN_WITH_TYPE = False
 876        CTE_RECURSIVE_KEYWORD_REQUIRED = False
 877        ENSURE_BOOLS = True
 878        NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED = None
 879        SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT = False
 880        TABLESAMPLE_SEED_KEYWORD = "REPEATABLE"
 881        SUPPORTS_SELECT_INTO = True
 882        JSON_PATH_BRACKETED_KEY_SUPPORTED = False
 883        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
 884        SET_OP_MODIFIERS = False
 885        COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED = True
 886        PARSE_JSON_NAME = None
 887        EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
 888
 889        EXPRESSIONS_WITHOUT_NESTED_CTES = {
 890            exp.Create,
 891            exp.Delete,
 892            exp.Insert,
 893            exp.Intersect,
 894            exp.Except,
 895            exp.Merge,
 896            exp.Select,
 897            exp.Subquery,
 898            exp.Union,
 899            exp.Update,
 900        }
 901
 902        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
 903            exp.JSONPathKey,
 904            exp.JSONPathRoot,
 905            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
 906        }
 907
 908        TYPE_MAPPING = {
 909            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
 910            exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BIT",
 911            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME2: "DATETIME2",
 912            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC",
 913            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT",
 914            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER",
 915            exp.DataType.Type.ROWVERSION: "ROWVERSION",
 916            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "VARCHAR(MAX)",
 917            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME2",
 918            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPNTZ: "DATETIME2",
 919            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "DATETIMEOFFSET",
 920            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLDATETIME: "SMALLDATETIME",
 921            exp.DataType.Type.UTINYINT: "TINYINT",
 922            exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "SQL_VARIANT",
 923            exp.DataType.Type.UUID: "UNIQUEIDENTIFIER",
 924        }
 925
 926        TYPE_MAPPING.pop(exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR)
 927        TYPE_MAPPING.pop(exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR)
 928
 929        TRANSFORMS = {
 930            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
 931            exp.AnyValue: any_value_to_max_sql,
 932            exp.ArrayToString: rename_func("STRING_AGG"),
 933            exp.AutoIncrementColumnConstraint: lambda *_: "IDENTITY",
 934            exp.Chr: rename_func("CHAR"),
 935            exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"),
 936            exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
 937            exp.CTE: transforms.preprocess([qualify_derived_table_outputs]),
 938            exp.CurrentDate: rename_func("GETDATE"),
 939            exp.CurrentTimestamp: rename_func("GETDATE"),
 940            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
 941            exp.Extract: rename_func("DATEPART"),
 942            exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint: generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql,
 943            exp.GroupConcat: _string_agg_sql,
 944            exp.If: rename_func("IIF"),
 945            exp.JSONExtract: _json_extract_sql,
 946            exp.JSONExtractScalar: _json_extract_sql,
 947            exp.LastDay: lambda self, e: self.func("EOMONTH", e.this),
 948            exp.Ln: rename_func("LOG"),
 949            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
 950            exp.MD5: lambda self, e: self.func("HASHBYTES", exp.Literal.string("MD5"), e.this),
 951            exp.Min: min_or_least,
 952            exp.NumberToStr: _format_sql,
 953            exp.Repeat: rename_func("REPLICATE"),
 954            exp.CurrentSchema: rename_func("SCHEMA_NAME"),
 955            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
 956                [
 957                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
 958                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
 959                    transforms.eliminate_qualify,
 960                    transforms.unnest_generate_date_array_using_recursive_cte,
 961                ]
 962            ),
 963            exp.Stddev: rename_func("STDEV"),
 964            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: strposition_sql(
 965                self, e, func_name="CHARINDEX", supports_position=True
 966            ),
 967            exp.Subquery: transforms.preprocess([qualify_derived_table_outputs]),
 968            exp.SHA: lambda self, e: self.func("HASHBYTES", exp.Literal.string("SHA1"), e.this),
 969            exp.SHA2: lambda self, e: self.func(
 970                "HASHBYTES", exp.Literal.string(f"SHA2_{e.args.get('length', 256)}"), e.this
 971            ),
 972            exp.TemporaryProperty: lambda self, e: "",
 973            exp.TimeStrToTime: _timestrtotime_sql,
 974            exp.TimeToStr: _format_sql,
 975            exp.Trim: trim_sql,
 976            exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD", cast=True),
 977            exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
 978            exp.TimestampTrunc: lambda self, e: self.func("DATETRUNC", e.unit, e.this),
 979            exp.Uuid: lambda *_: "NEWID()",
 980            exp.DateFromParts: rename_func("DATEFROMPARTS"),
 981        }
 982
 983        TRANSFORMS.pop(exp.ReturnsProperty)
 984
 985        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
 986            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
 987            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
 988        }
 989
 990        def scope_resolution(self, rhs: str, scope_name: str) -> str:
 991            return f"{scope_name}::{rhs}"
 992
 993        def select_sql(self, expression: exp.Select) -> str:
 994            limit = expression.args.get("limit")
 995            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
 996
 997            if isinstance(limit, exp.Fetch) and not offset:
 998                # Dialects like Oracle can FETCH directly from a row set but
 999                # T-SQL requires an ORDER BY + OFFSET clause in order to FETCH
1000                offset = exp.Offset(expression=exp.Literal.number(0))
1001                expression.set("offset", offset)
1002
1003            if offset:
1004                if not expression.args.get("order"):
1005                    # ORDER BY is required in order to use OFFSET in a query, so we use
1006                    # a noop order by, since we don't really care about the order.
1007                    # See: https://www.microsoftpressstore.com/articles/article.aspx?p=2314819
1008                    expression.order_by(exp.select(exp.null()).subquery(), copy=False)
1009
1010                if isinstance(limit, exp.Limit):
1011                    # TOP and OFFSET can't be combined, we need use FETCH instead of TOP
1012                    # we replace here because otherwise TOP would be generated in select_sql
1013                    limit.replace(exp.Fetch(direction="FIRST", count=limit.expression))
1014
1015            return super().select_sql(expression)
1016
1017        def convert_sql(self, expression: exp.Convert) -> str:
1018            name = "TRY_CONVERT" if expression.args.get("safe") else "CONVERT"
1019            return self.func(
1020                name, expression.this, expression.expression, expression.args.get("style")
1021            )
1022
1023        def queryoption_sql(self, expression: exp.QueryOption) -> str:
1024            option = self.sql(expression, "this")
1025            value = self.sql(expression, "expression")
1026            if value:
1027                optional_equal_sign = "= " if option in OPTIONS_THAT_REQUIRE_EQUAL else ""
1028                return f"{option} {optional_equal_sign}{value}"
1029            return option
1030
1031        def lateral_op(self, expression: exp.Lateral) -> str:
1032            cross_apply = expression.args.get("cross_apply")
1033            if cross_apply is True:
1034                return "CROSS APPLY"
1035            if cross_apply is False:
1036                return "OUTER APPLY"
1037
1038            # TODO: perhaps we can check if the parent is a Join and transpile it appropriately
1039            self.unsupported("LATERAL clause is not supported.")
1040            return "LATERAL"
1041
1042        def splitpart_sql(self: TSQL.Generator, expression: exp.SplitPart) -> str:
1043            this = expression.this
1044            split_count = len(this.name.split("."))
1045            delimiter = expression.args.get("delimiter")
1046            part_index = expression.args.get("part_index")
1047
1048            if (
1049                not all(isinstance(arg, exp.Literal) for arg in (this, delimiter, part_index))
1050                or (delimiter and delimiter.name != ".")
1051                or not part_index
1052                or split_count > 4
1053            ):
1054                self.unsupported(
1055                    "SPLIT_PART can be transpiled to PARSENAME only for '.' delimiter and literal values"
1056                )
1057                return ""
1058
1059            return self.func(
1060                "PARSENAME", this, exp.Literal.number(split_count + 1 - part_index.to_py())
1061            )
1062
1063        def timefromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimeFromParts) -> str:
1064            nano = expression.args.get("nano")
1065            if nano is not None:
1066                nano.pop()
1067                self.unsupported("Specifying nanoseconds is not supported in TIMEFROMPARTS.")
1068
1069            if expression.args.get("fractions") is None:
1070                expression.set("fractions", exp.Literal.number(0))
1071            if expression.args.get("precision") is None:
1072                expression.set("precision", exp.Literal.number(0))
1073
1074            return rename_func("TIMEFROMPARTS")(self, expression)
1075
1076        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
1077            zone = expression.args.get("zone")
1078            if zone is not None:
1079                zone.pop()
1080                self.unsupported("Time zone is not supported in DATETIMEFROMPARTS.")
1081
1082            nano = expression.args.get("nano")
1083            if nano is not None:
1084                nano.pop()
1085                self.unsupported("Specifying nanoseconds is not supported in DATETIMEFROMPARTS.")
1086
1087            if expression.args.get("milli") is None:
1088                expression.set("milli", exp.Literal.number(0))
1089
1090            return rename_func("DATETIMEFROMPARTS")(self, expression)
1091
1092        def setitem_sql(self, expression: exp.SetItem) -> str:
1093            this = expression.this
1094            if isinstance(this, exp.EQ) and not isinstance(this.left, exp.Parameter):
1095                # T-SQL does not use '=' in SET command, except when the LHS is a variable.
1096                return f"{self.sql(this.left)} {self.sql(this.right)}"
1097
1098            return super().setitem_sql(expression)
1099
1100        def boolean_sql(self, expression: exp.Boolean) -> str:
1101            if type(expression.parent) in BIT_TYPES or isinstance(
1102                expression.find_ancestor(exp.Values, exp.Select), exp.Values
1103            ):
1104                return "1" if expression.this else "0"
1105
1106            return "(1 = 1)" if expression.this else "(1 = 0)"
1107
1108        def is_sql(self, expression: exp.Is) -> str:
1109            if isinstance(expression.expression, exp.Boolean):
1110                return self.binary(expression, "=")
1111            return self.binary(expression, "IS")
1112
1113        def createable_sql(self, expression: exp.Create, locations: t.DefaultDict) -> str:
1114            sql = self.sql(expression, "this")
1115            properties = expression.args.get("properties")
1116
1117            if sql[:1] != "#" and any(
1118                isinstance(prop, exp.TemporaryProperty)
1119                for prop in (properties.expressions if properties else [])
1120            ):
1121                sql = f"[#{sql[1:]}" if sql.startswith("[") else f"#{sql}"
1122
1123            return sql
1124
1125        def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
1126            kind = expression.kind
1127            exists = expression.args.pop("exists", None)
1128
1129            like_property = expression.find(exp.LikeProperty)
1130            if like_property:
1131                ctas_expression = like_property.this
1132            else:
1133                ctas_expression = expression.expression
1134
1135            if kind == "VIEW":
1136                expression.this.set("catalog", None)
1137                with_ = expression.args.get("with")
1138                if ctas_expression and with_:
1139                    # We've already preprocessed the Create expression to bubble up any nested CTEs,
1140                    # but CREATE VIEW actually requires the WITH clause to come after it so we need
1141                    # to amend the AST by moving the CTEs to the CREATE VIEW statement's query.
1142                    ctas_expression.set("with", with_.pop())
1143
1144            sql = super().create_sql(expression)
1145
1146            table = expression.find(exp.Table)
1147
1148            # Convert CTAS statement to SELECT .. INTO ..
1149            if kind == "TABLE" and ctas_expression:
1150                if isinstance(ctas_expression, exp.UNWRAPPED_QUERIES):
1151                    ctas_expression = ctas_expression.subquery()
1152
1153                select_into = exp.select("*").from_(exp.alias_(ctas_expression, "temp", table=True))
1154                select_into.set("into", exp.Into(this=table))
1155
1156                if like_property:
1157                    select_into.limit(0, copy=False)
1158
1159                sql = self.sql(select_into)
1160
1161            if exists:
1162                identifier = self.sql(exp.Literal.string(exp.table_name(table) if table else ""))
1163                sql_with_ctes = self.prepend_ctes(expression, sql)
1164                sql_literal = self.sql(exp.Literal.string(sql_with_ctes))
1165                if kind == "SCHEMA":
1166                    return f"""IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM information_schema.schemata WHERE schema_name = {identifier}) EXEC({sql_literal})"""
1167                elif kind == "TABLE":
1168                    assert table
1169                    where = exp.and_(
1170                        exp.column("table_name").eq(table.name),
1171                        exp.column("table_schema").eq(table.db) if table.db else None,
1172                        exp.column("table_catalog").eq(table.catalog) if table.catalog else None,
1173                    )
1174                    return f"""IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM information_schema.tables WHERE {where}) EXEC({sql_literal})"""
1175                elif kind == "INDEX":
1176                    index = self.sql(exp.Literal.string(expression.this.text("this")))
1177                    return f"""IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.indexes WHERE object_id = object_id({identifier}) AND name = {index}) EXEC({sql_literal})"""
1178            elif expression.args.get("replace"):
1179                sql = sql.replace("CREATE OR REPLACE ", "CREATE OR ALTER ", 1)
1180
1181            return self.prepend_ctes(expression, sql)
1182
1183        def count_sql(self, expression: exp.Count) -> str:
1184            func_name = "COUNT_BIG" if expression.args.get("big_int") else "COUNT"
1185            return rename_func(func_name)(self, expression)
1186
1187        def offset_sql(self, expression: exp.Offset) -> str:
1188            return f"{super().offset_sql(expression)} ROWS"
1189
1190        def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str:
1191            name = "SYSTEM_TIME" if expression.name == "TIMESTAMP" else expression.name
1192            this = f"FOR {name}"
1193            expr = expression.expression
1194            kind = expression.text("kind")
1195            if kind in ("FROM", "BETWEEN"):
1196                args = expr.expressions
1197                sep = "TO" if kind == "FROM" else "AND"
1198                expr_sql = f"{self.sql(seq_get(args, 0))} {sep} {self.sql(seq_get(args, 1))}"
1199            else:
1200                expr_sql = self.sql(expr)
1201
1202            expr_sql = f" {expr_sql}" if expr_sql else ""
1203            return f"{this} {kind}{expr_sql}"
1204
1205        def returnsproperty_sql(self, expression: exp.ReturnsProperty) -> str:
1206            table = expression.args.get("table")
1207            table = f"{table} " if table else ""
1208            return f"RETURNS {table}{self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
1209
1210        def returning_sql(self, expression: exp.Returning) -> str:
1211            into = self.sql(expression, "into")
1212            into = self.seg(f"INTO {into}") if into else ""
1213            return f"{self.seg('OUTPUT')} {self.expressions(expression, flat=True)}{into}"
1214
1215        def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str:
1216            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
1217            this = f" {this}" if this else ""
1218            mark = self.sql(expression, "mark")
1219            mark = f" WITH MARK {mark}" if mark else ""
1220            return f"BEGIN TRANSACTION{this}{mark}"
1221
1222        def commit_sql(self, expression: exp.Commit) -> str:
1223            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
1224            this = f" {this}" if this else ""
1225            durability = expression.args.get("durability")
1226            durability = (
1227                f" WITH (DELAYED_DURABILITY = {'ON' if durability else 'OFF'})"
1228                if durability is not None
1229                else ""
1230            )
1231            return f"COMMIT TRANSACTION{this}{durability}"
1232
1233        def rollback_sql(self, expression: exp.Rollback) -> str:
1234            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
1235            this = f" {this}" if this else ""
1236            return f"ROLLBACK TRANSACTION{this}"
1237
1238        def identifier_sql(self, expression: exp.Identifier) -> str:
1239            identifier = super().identifier_sql(expression)
1240
1241            if expression.args.get("global"):
1242                identifier = f"##{identifier}"
1243            elif expression.args.get("temporary"):
1244                identifier = f"#{identifier}"
1245
1246            return identifier
1247
1248        def constraint_sql(self, expression: exp.Constraint) -> str:
1249            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
1250            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True, sep=" ")
1251            return f"CONSTRAINT {this} {expressions}"
1252
1253        def length_sql(self, expression: exp.Length) -> str:
1254            return self._uncast_text(expression, "LEN")
1255
1256        def right_sql(self, expression: exp.Right) -> str:
1257            return self._uncast_text(expression, "RIGHT")
1258
1259        def left_sql(self, expression: exp.Left) -> str:
1260            return self._uncast_text(expression, "LEFT")
1261
1262        def _uncast_text(self, expression: exp.Expression, name: str) -> str:
1263            this = expression.this
1264            if isinstance(this, exp.Cast) and this.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.TEXT):
1265                this_sql = self.sql(this, "this")
1266            else:
1267                this_sql = self.sql(this)
1268            expression_sql = self.sql(expression, "expression")
1269            return self.func(name, this_sql, expression_sql if expression_sql else None)
1270
1271        def partition_sql(self, expression: exp.Partition) -> str:
1272            return f"WITH (PARTITIONS({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)}))"
1273
1274        def alter_sql(self, expression: exp.Alter) -> str:
1275            action = seq_get(expression.args.get("actions") or [], 0)
1276            if isinstance(action, exp.AlterRename):
1277                return f"EXEC sp_rename '{self.sql(expression.this)}', '{action.this.name}'"
1278            return super().alter_sql(expression)
1279
1280        def drop_sql(self, expression: exp.Drop) -> str:
1281            if expression.args["kind"] == "VIEW":
1282                expression.this.set("catalog", None)
1283            return super().drop_sql(expression)
1284
1285        def options_modifier(self, expression: exp.Expression) -> str:
1286            options = self.expressions(expression, key="options")
1287            return f" OPTION{self.wrap(options)}" if options else ""
1288
1289        def dpipe_sql(self, expression: exp.DPipe) -> str:
1290            return self.sql(
1291                reduce(lambda x, y: exp.Add(this=x, expression=y), expression.flatten())
1292            )
1293
1294        def isascii_sql(self, expression: exp.IsAscii) -> str:
1295            return f"(PATINDEX(CONVERT(VARCHAR(MAX), 0x255b5e002d7f5d25) COLLATE Latin1_General_BIN, {self.sql(expression.this)}) = 0)"
1296
1297        def columndef_sql(self, expression: exp.ColumnDef, sep: str = " ") -> str:
1298            this = super().columndef_sql(expression, sep)
1299            default = self.sql(expression, "default")
1300            default = f" = {default}" if default else ""
1301            output = self.sql(expression, "output")
1302            output = f" {output}" if output else ""
1303            return f"{this}{default}{output}"
FULL_FORMAT_TIME_MAPPING = {'weekday': '%A', 'dw': '%A', 'w': '%A', 'month': '%B', 'mm': '%B', 'm': '%B'}
DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL = {'year': 'year', 'yyyy': 'year', 'yy': 'year', 'quarter': 'quarter', 'qq': 'quarter', 'q': 'quarter', 'month': 'month', 'mm': 'month', 'm': 'month', 'week': 'week', 'ww': 'week', 'wk': 'week', 'day': 'day', 'dd': 'day', 'd': 'day'}
DATE_FMT_RE = re.compile('([dD]{1,2})|([mM]{1,2})|([yY]{1,4})|([hH]{1,2})|([sS]{1,2})')
TRANSPILE_SAFE_NUMBER_FMT = {'N', 'C'}
DEFAULT_START_DATE = datetime.date(1900, 1, 1)
OPTIONS: Dict[str, Sequence[Union[Sequence[str], str]]] = {'DISABLE_OPTIMIZED_PLAN_FORCING': (), 'FAST': (), 'IGNORE_NONCLUSTERED_COLUMNSTORE_INDEX': (), 'LABEL': (), 'MAXDOP': (), 'MAXRECURSION': (), 'MAX_GRANT_PERCENT': (), 'MIN_GRANT_PERCENT': (), 'NO_PERFORMANCE_SPOOL': (), 'QUERYTRACEON': (), 'RECOMPILE': (), 'CONCAT': ('UNION',), 'DISABLE': ('EXTERNALPUSHDOWN', 'SCALEOUTEXECUTION'), 'EXPAND': ('VIEWS',), 'FORCE': ('EXTERNALPUSHDOWN', 'ORDER', 'SCALEOUTEXECUTION'), 'HASH': ('GROUP', 'JOIN', 'UNION'), 'KEEP': ('PLAN',), 'KEEPFIXED': ('PLAN',), 'LOOP': ('JOIN',), 'MERGE': ('JOIN', 'UNION'), 'OPTIMIZE': (('FOR', 'UNKNOWN'),), 'ORDER': ('GROUP',), 'PARAMETERIZATION': ('FORCED', 'SIMPLE'), 'ROBUST': ('PLAN',), 'USE': ('PLAN',)}
OPTIONS_THAT_REQUIRE_EQUAL = ('MAX_GRANT_PERCENT', 'MIN_GRANT_PERCENT', 'LABEL')
DATEPART_ONLY_FORMATS = {'DW', 'QUARTER', 'WK', 'HOUR'}
def qualify_derived_table_outputs( expression: sqlglot.expressions.Expression) -> sqlglot.expressions.Expression:
253def qualify_derived_table_outputs(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
254    """Ensures all (unnamed) output columns are aliased for CTEs and Subqueries."""
255    alias = expression.args.get("alias")
256
257    if (
258        isinstance(expression, (exp.CTE, exp.Subquery))
259        and isinstance(alias, exp.TableAlias)
260        and not alias.columns
261    ):
262        from sqlglot.optimizer.qualify_columns import qualify_outputs
263
264        # We keep track of the unaliased column projection indexes instead of the expressions
265        # themselves, because the latter are going to be replaced by new nodes when the aliases
266        # are added and hence we won't be able to reach these newly added Alias parents
267        query = expression.this
268        unaliased_column_indexes = (
269            i for i, c in enumerate(query.selects) if isinstance(c, exp.Column) and not c.alias
270        )
271
272        qualify_outputs(query)
273
274        # Preserve the quoting information of columns for newly added Alias nodes
275        query_selects = query.selects
276        for select_index in unaliased_column_indexes:
277            alias = query_selects[select_index]
278            column = alias.this
279            if isinstance(column.this, exp.Identifier):
280                alias.args["alias"].set("quoted", column.this.quoted)
281
282    return expression

Ensures all (unnamed) output columns are aliased for CTEs and Subqueries.

class TSQL(sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect):
 385class TSQL(Dialect):
 386    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
 387    LOG_BASE_FIRST = False
 388    TYPED_DIVISION = True
 389    CONCAT_COALESCE = True
 390    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE
 391
 392    TIME_FORMAT = "'yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss'"
 393
 394    TIME_MAPPING = {
 395        "year": "%Y",
 396        "dayofyear": "%j",
 397        "day": "%d",
 398        "dy": "%d",
 399        "y": "%Y",
 400        "week": "%W",
 401        "ww": "%W",
 402        "wk": "%W",
 403        "hour": "%h",
 404        "hh": "%I",
 405        "minute": "%M",
 406        "mi": "%M",
 407        "n": "%M",
 408        "second": "%S",
 409        "ss": "%S",
 410        "s": "%-S",
 411        "millisecond": "%f",
 412        "ms": "%f",
 413        "weekday": "%w",
 414        "dw": "%w",
 415        "month": "%m",
 416        "mm": "%M",
 417        "m": "%-M",
 418        "Y": "%Y",
 419        "YYYY": "%Y",
 420        "YY": "%y",
 421        "MMMM": "%B",
 422        "MMM": "%b",
 423        "MM": "%m",
 424        "M": "%-m",
 425        "dddd": "%A",
 426        "dd": "%d",
 427        "d": "%-d",
 428        "HH": "%H",
 429        "H": "%-H",
 430        "h": "%-I",
 431        "ffffff": "%f",
 432        "yyyy": "%Y",
 433        "yy": "%y",
 434    }
 435
 436    CONVERT_FORMAT_MAPPING = {
 437        "0": "%b %d %Y %-I:%M%p",
 438        "1": "%m/%d/%y",
 439        "2": "%y.%m.%d",
 440        "3": "%d/%m/%y",
 441        "4": "%d.%m.%y",
 442        "5": "%d-%m-%y",
 443        "6": "%d %b %y",
 444        "7": "%b %d, %y",
 445        "8": "%H:%M:%S",
 446        "9": "%b %d %Y %-I:%M:%S:%f%p",
 447        "10": "mm-dd-yy",
 448        "11": "yy/mm/dd",
 449        "12": "yymmdd",
 450        "13": "%d %b %Y %H:%M:ss:%f",
 451        "14": "%H:%M:%S:%f",
 452        "20": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",
 453        "21": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f",
 454        "22": "%m/%d/%y %-I:%M:%S %p",
 455        "23": "%Y-%m-%d",
 456        "24": "%H:%M:%S",
 457        "25": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f",
 458        "100": "%b %d %Y %-I:%M%p",
 459        "101": "%m/%d/%Y",
 460        "102": "%Y.%m.%d",
 461        "103": "%d/%m/%Y",
 462        "104": "%d.%m.%Y",
 463        "105": "%d-%m-%Y",
 464        "106": "%d %b %Y",
 465        "107": "%b %d, %Y",
 466        "108": "%H:%M:%S",
 467        "109": "%b %d %Y %-I:%M:%S:%f%p",
 468        "110": "%m-%d-%Y",
 469        "111": "%Y/%m/%d",
 470        "112": "%Y%m%d",
 471        "113": "%d %b %Y %H:%M:%S:%f",
 472        "114": "%H:%M:%S:%f",
 473        "120": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",
 474        "121": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f",
 475    }
 476
 477    FORMAT_TIME_MAPPING = {
 478        "y": "%B %Y",
 479        "d": "%m/%d/%Y",
 480        "H": "%-H",
 481        "h": "%-I",
 482        "s": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",
 483        "D": "%A,%B,%Y",
 484        "f": "%A,%B,%Y %-I:%M %p",
 485        "F": "%A,%B,%Y %-I:%M:%S %p",
 486        "g": "%m/%d/%Y %-I:%M %p",
 487        "G": "%m/%d/%Y %-I:%M:%S %p",
 488        "M": "%B %-d",
 489        "m": "%B %-d",
 490        "O": "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S",
 491        "u": "%Y-%M-%D %H:%M:%S%z",
 492        "U": "%A, %B %D, %Y %H:%M:%S%z",
 493        "T": "%-I:%M:%S %p",
 494        "t": "%-I:%M",
 495        "Y": "%a %Y",
 496    }
 497
 498    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
 499        IDENTIFIERS = [("[", "]"), '"']
 500        QUOTES = ["'", '"']
 501        HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
 502        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"@", "$", "#"}
 503
 504        KEYWORDS = {
 505            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
 506            "CLUSTERED INDEX": TokenType.INDEX,
 507            "DATETIME2": TokenType.DATETIME2,
 508            "DATETIMEOFFSET": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
 509            "DECLARE": TokenType.DECLARE,
 510            "EXEC": TokenType.COMMAND,
 511            "FOR SYSTEM_TIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT,
 512            "IMAGE": TokenType.IMAGE,
 513            "MONEY": TokenType.MONEY,
 514            "NONCLUSTERED INDEX": TokenType.INDEX,
 515            "NTEXT": TokenType.TEXT,
 516            "OPTION": TokenType.OPTION,
 517            "OUTPUT": TokenType.RETURNING,
 518            "PRINT": TokenType.COMMAND,
 519            "PROC": TokenType.PROCEDURE,
 520            "REAL": TokenType.FLOAT,
 521            "ROWVERSION": TokenType.ROWVERSION,
 522            "SMALLDATETIME": TokenType.SMALLDATETIME,
 523            "SMALLMONEY": TokenType.SMALLMONEY,
 524            "SQL_VARIANT": TokenType.VARIANT,
 525            "SYSTEM_USER": TokenType.CURRENT_USER,
 526            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
 527            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.ROWVERSION,
 528            "TINYINT": TokenType.UTINYINT,
 529            "UNIQUEIDENTIFIER": TokenType.UUID,
 530            "UPDATE STATISTICS": TokenType.COMMAND,
 531            "XML": TokenType.XML,
 532        }
 533        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
 534
 535        COMMANDS = {*tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS, TokenType.END}
 536
 537    class Parser(parser.Parser):
 538        SET_REQUIRES_ASSIGNMENT_DELIMITER = False
 539        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
 540        ALTER_TABLE_ADD_REQUIRED_FOR_EACH_COLUMN = False
 541        STRING_ALIASES = True
 542        NO_PAREN_IF_COMMANDS = False
 543
 544        QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS = {
 545            **parser.Parser.QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS,
 546            TokenType.OPTION: lambda self: ("options", self._parse_options()),
 547        }
 548
 549        # T-SQL does not allow BEGIN to be used as an identifier
 550        ID_VAR_TOKENS = parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS - {TokenType.BEGIN}
 551        ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.ALIAS_TOKENS - {TokenType.BEGIN}
 552        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS - {TokenType.BEGIN}
 553        COMMENT_TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.COMMENT_TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS - {TokenType.BEGIN}
 554        UPDATE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.UPDATE_ALIAS_TOKENS - {TokenType.BEGIN}
 555
 556        FUNCTIONS = {
 557            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
 558            "CHARINDEX": lambda args: exp.StrPosition(
 559                this=seq_get(args, 1),
 560                substr=seq_get(args, 0),
 561                position=seq_get(args, 2),
 562            ),
 563            "COUNT": lambda args: exp.Count(
 564                this=seq_get(args, 0), expressions=args[1:], big_int=False
 565            ),
 566            "COUNT_BIG": lambda args: exp.Count(
 567                this=seq_get(args, 0), expressions=args[1:], big_int=True
 568            ),
 569            "DATEADD": build_date_delta(exp.DateAdd, unit_mapping=DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL),
 570            "DATEDIFF": _build_date_delta(exp.DateDiff, unit_mapping=DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL),
 571            "DATENAME": _build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, full_format_mapping=True),
 572            "DATEPART": _build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr),
 573            "DATETIMEFROMPARTS": _build_datetimefromparts,
 574            "EOMONTH": _build_eomonth,
 575            "FORMAT": _build_format,
 576            "GETDATE": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list,
 577            "HASHBYTES": _build_hashbytes,
 578            "ISNULL": build_coalesce,
 579            "JSON_QUERY": _build_json_query,
 580            "JSON_VALUE": parser.build_extract_json_with_path(exp.JSONExtractScalar),
 581            "LEN": _build_with_arg_as_text(exp.Length),
 582            "LEFT": _build_with_arg_as_text(exp.Left),
 583            "NEWID": exp.Uuid.from_arg_list,
 584            "RIGHT": _build_with_arg_as_text(exp.Right),
 585            "PARSENAME": _build_parsename,
 586            "REPLICATE": exp.Repeat.from_arg_list,
 587            "SCHEMA_NAME": exp.CurrentSchema.from_arg_list,
 588            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
 589            "SYSDATETIME": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list,
 590            "SUSER_NAME": exp.CurrentUser.from_arg_list,
 591            "SUSER_SNAME": exp.CurrentUser.from_arg_list,
 592            "SYSTEM_USER": exp.CurrentUser.from_arg_list,
 593            "TIMEFROMPARTS": _build_timefromparts,
 594            "DATETRUNC": _build_datetrunc,
 595        }
 596
 597        JOIN_HINTS = {"LOOP", "HASH", "MERGE", "REMOTE"}
 598
 599        PROCEDURE_OPTIONS = dict.fromkeys(
 600            ("ENCRYPTION", "RECOMPILE", "SCHEMABINDING", "NATIVE_COMPILATION", "EXECUTE"), tuple()
 601        )
 602
 603        COLUMN_DEFINITION_MODES = {"OUT", "OUTPUT", "READ_ONLY"}
 604
 605        RETURNS_TABLE_TOKENS = parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS - {
 606            TokenType.TABLE,
 607            *parser.Parser.TYPE_TOKENS,
 608        }
 609
 610        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
 611            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
 612            TokenType.DECLARE: lambda self: self._parse_declare(),
 613        }
 614
 615        RANGE_PARSERS = {
 616            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,
 617            TokenType.DCOLON: lambda self, this: self.expression(
 618                exp.ScopeResolution,
 619                this=this,
 620                expression=self._parse_function() or self._parse_var(any_token=True),
 621            ),
 622        }
 623
 624        NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
 625            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS,
 626            "NEXT": lambda self: self._parse_next_value_for(),
 627        }
 628
 629        # The DCOLON (::) operator serves as a scope resolution (exp.ScopeResolution) operator in T-SQL
 630        COLUMN_OPERATORS = {
 631            **parser.Parser.COLUMN_OPERATORS,
 632            TokenType.DCOLON: lambda self, this, to: self.expression(exp.Cast, this=this, to=to)
 633            if isinstance(to, exp.DataType) and to.this != exp.DataType.Type.USERDEFINED
 634            else self.expression(exp.ScopeResolution, this=this, expression=to),
 635        }
 636
 637        def _parse_dcolon(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 638            # We want to use _parse_types() if the first token after :: is a known type,
 639            # otherwise we could parse something like x::varchar(max) into a function
 640            if self._match_set(self.TYPE_TOKENS, advance=False):
 641                return self._parse_types()
 642
 643            return self._parse_function() or self._parse_types()
 644
 645        def _parse_options(self) -> t.Optional[t.List[exp.Expression]]:
 646            if not self._match(TokenType.OPTION):
 647                return None
 648
 649            def _parse_option() -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 650                option = self._parse_var_from_options(OPTIONS)
 651                if not option:
 652                    return None
 653
 654                self._match(TokenType.EQ)
 655                return self.expression(
 656                    exp.QueryOption, this=option, expression=self._parse_primary_or_var()
 657                )
 658
 659            return self._parse_wrapped_csv(_parse_option)
 660
 661        def _parse_projections(self) -> t.List[exp.Expression]:
 662            """
 663            T-SQL supports the syntax alias = expression in the SELECT's projection list,
 664            so we transform all parsed Selects to convert their EQ projections into Aliases.
 665
 666            See: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/queries/select-clause-transact-sql?view=sql-server-ver16#syntax
 667            """
 668            return [
 669                (
 670                    exp.alias_(projection.expression, projection.this.this, copy=False)
 671                    if isinstance(projection, exp.EQ) and isinstance(projection.this, exp.Column)
 672                    else projection
 673                )
 674                for projection in super()._parse_projections()
 675            ]
 676
 677        def _parse_commit_or_rollback(self) -> exp.Commit | exp.Rollback:
 678            """Applies to SQL Server and Azure SQL Database
 679            COMMIT [ { TRAN | TRANSACTION }
 680                [ transaction_name | @tran_name_variable ] ]
 681                [ WITH ( DELAYED_DURABILITY = { OFF | ON } ) ]
 682
 683            ROLLBACK { TRAN | TRANSACTION }
 684                [ transaction_name | @tran_name_variable
 685                | savepoint_name | @savepoint_variable ]
 686            """
 687            rollback = self._prev.token_type == TokenType.ROLLBACK
 688
 689            self._match_texts(("TRAN", "TRANSACTION"))
 690            this = self._parse_id_var()
 691
 692            if rollback:
 693                return self.expression(exp.Rollback, this=this)
 694
 695            durability = None
 696            if self._match_pair(TokenType.WITH, TokenType.L_PAREN):
 697                self._match_text_seq("DELAYED_DURABILITY")
 698                self._match(TokenType.EQ)
 699
 700                if self._match_text_seq("OFF"):
 701                    durability = False
 702                else:
 703                    self._match(TokenType.ON)
 704                    durability = True
 705
 706                self._match_r_paren()
 707
 708            return self.expression(exp.Commit, this=this, durability=durability)
 709
 710        def _parse_transaction(self) -> exp.Transaction | exp.Command:
 711            """Applies to SQL Server and Azure SQL Database
 712            BEGIN { TRAN | TRANSACTION }
 713            [ { transaction_name | @tran_name_variable }
 714            [ WITH MARK [ 'description' ] ]
 715            ]
 716            """
 717            if self._match_texts(("TRAN", "TRANSACTION")):
 718                transaction = self.expression(exp.Transaction, this=self._parse_id_var())
 719                if self._match_text_seq("WITH", "MARK"):
 720                    transaction.set("mark", self._parse_string())
 721
 722                return transaction
 723
 724            return self._parse_as_command(self._prev)
 725
 726        def _parse_returns(self) -> exp.ReturnsProperty:
 727            table = self._parse_id_var(any_token=False, tokens=self.RETURNS_TABLE_TOKENS)
 728            returns = super()._parse_returns()
 729            returns.set("table", table)
 730            return returns
 731
 732        def _parse_convert(
 733            self, strict: bool, safe: t.Optional[bool] = None
 734        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 735            this = self._parse_types()
 736            self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
 737            args = [this, *self._parse_csv(self._parse_assignment)]
 738            convert = exp.Convert.from_arg_list(args)
 739            convert.set("safe", safe)
 740            convert.set("strict", strict)
 741            return convert
 742
 743        def _parse_column_def(
 744            self, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression], computed_column: bool = True
 745        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 746            this = super()._parse_column_def(this=this, computed_column=computed_column)
 747            if not this:
 748                return None
 749            if self._match(TokenType.EQ):
 750                this.set("default", self._parse_disjunction())
 751            if self._match_texts(self.COLUMN_DEFINITION_MODES):
 752                this.set("output", self._prev.text)
 753            return this
 754
 755        def _parse_user_defined_function(
 756            self, kind: t.Optional[TokenType] = None
 757        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 758            this = super()._parse_user_defined_function(kind=kind)
 759
 760            if (
 761                kind == TokenType.FUNCTION
 762                or isinstance(this, exp.UserDefinedFunction)
 763                or self._match(TokenType.ALIAS, advance=False)
 764            ):
 765                return this
 766
 767            if not self._match(TokenType.WITH, advance=False):
 768                expressions = self._parse_csv(self._parse_function_parameter)
 769            else:
 770                expressions = None
 771
 772            return self.expression(exp.UserDefinedFunction, this=this, expressions=expressions)
 773
 774        def _parse_id_var(
 775            self,
 776            any_token: bool = True,
 777            tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None,
 778        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 779            is_temporary = self._match(TokenType.HASH)
 780            is_global = is_temporary and self._match(TokenType.HASH)
 781
 782            this = super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
 783            if this:
 784                if is_global:
 785                    this.set("global", True)
 786                elif is_temporary:
 787                    this.set("temporary", True)
 788
 789            return this
 790
 791        def _parse_create(self) -> exp.Create | exp.Command:
 792            create = super()._parse_create()
 793
 794            if isinstance(create, exp.Create):
 795                table = create.this.this if isinstance(create.this, exp.Schema) else create.this
 796                if isinstance(table, exp.Table) and table.this and table.this.args.get("temporary"):
 797                    if not create.args.get("properties"):
 798                        create.set("properties", exp.Properties(expressions=[]))
 799
 800                    create.args["properties"].append("expressions", exp.TemporaryProperty())
 801
 802            return create
 803
 804        def _parse_if(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 805            index = self._index
 806
 807            if self._match_text_seq("OBJECT_ID"):
 808                self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_string)
 809                if self._match_text_seq("IS", "NOT", "NULL") and self._match(TokenType.DROP):
 810                    return self._parse_drop(exists=True)
 811                self._retreat(index)
 812
 813            return super()._parse_if()
 814
 815        def _parse_unique(self) -> exp.UniqueColumnConstraint:
 816            if self._match_texts(("CLUSTERED", "NONCLUSTERED")):
 817                this = self.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS[self._prev.text.upper()](self)
 818            else:
 819                this = self._parse_schema(self._parse_id_var(any_token=False))
 820
 821            return self.expression(exp.UniqueColumnConstraint, this=this)
 822
 823        def _parse_partition(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Partition]:
 824            if not self._match_text_seq("WITH", "(", "PARTITIONS"):
 825                return None
 826
 827            def parse_range():
 828                low = self._parse_bitwise()
 829                high = self._parse_bitwise() if self._match_text_seq("TO") else None
 830
 831                return (
 832                    self.expression(exp.PartitionRange, this=low, expression=high) if high else low
 833                )
 834
 835            partition = self.expression(
 836                exp.Partition, expressions=self._parse_wrapped_csv(parse_range)
 837            )
 838
 839            self._match_r_paren()
 840
 841            return partition
 842
 843        def _parse_declare(self) -> exp.Declare | exp.Command:
 844            index = self._index
 845            expressions = self._try_parse(partial(self._parse_csv, self._parse_declareitem))
 846
 847            if not expressions or self._curr:
 848                self._retreat(index)
 849                return self._parse_as_command(self._prev)
 850
 851            return self.expression(exp.Declare, expressions=expressions)
 852
 853        def _parse_declareitem(self) -> t.Optional[exp.DeclareItem]:
 854            var = self._parse_id_var()
 855            if not var:
 856                return None
 857
 858            value = None
 859            self._match(TokenType.ALIAS)
 860            if self._match(TokenType.TABLE):
 861                data_type = self._parse_schema()
 862            else:
 863                data_type = self._parse_types()
 864                if self._match(TokenType.EQ):
 865                    value = self._parse_bitwise()
 866
 867            return self.expression(exp.DeclareItem, this=var, kind=data_type, default=value)
 868
 869    class Generator(generator.Generator):
 870        LIMIT_IS_TOP = True
 871        QUERY_HINTS = False
 872        RETURNING_END = False
 873        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
 874        ALTER_TABLE_INCLUDE_COLUMN_KEYWORD = False
 875        LIMIT_FETCH = "FETCH"
 876        COMPUTED_COLUMN_WITH_TYPE = False
 877        CTE_RECURSIVE_KEYWORD_REQUIRED = False
 878        ENSURE_BOOLS = True
 879        NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED = None
 880        SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT = False
 881        TABLESAMPLE_SEED_KEYWORD = "REPEATABLE"
 882        SUPPORTS_SELECT_INTO = True
 883        JSON_PATH_BRACKETED_KEY_SUPPORTED = False
 884        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
 885        SET_OP_MODIFIERS = False
 886        COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED = True
 887        PARSE_JSON_NAME = None
 888        EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
 889
 890        EXPRESSIONS_WITHOUT_NESTED_CTES = {
 891            exp.Create,
 892            exp.Delete,
 893            exp.Insert,
 894            exp.Intersect,
 895            exp.Except,
 896            exp.Merge,
 897            exp.Select,
 898            exp.Subquery,
 899            exp.Union,
 900            exp.Update,
 901        }
 902
 903        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
 904            exp.JSONPathKey,
 905            exp.JSONPathRoot,
 906            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
 907        }
 908
 909        TYPE_MAPPING = {
 910            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
 911            exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BIT",
 912            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME2: "DATETIME2",
 913            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC",
 914            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT",
 915            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER",
 916            exp.DataType.Type.ROWVERSION: "ROWVERSION",
 917            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "VARCHAR(MAX)",
 918            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME2",
 919            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPNTZ: "DATETIME2",
 920            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "DATETIMEOFFSET",
 921            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLDATETIME: "SMALLDATETIME",
 922            exp.DataType.Type.UTINYINT: "TINYINT",
 923            exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "SQL_VARIANT",
 924            exp.DataType.Type.UUID: "UNIQUEIDENTIFIER",
 925        }
 926
 927        TYPE_MAPPING.pop(exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR)
 928        TYPE_MAPPING.pop(exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR)
 929
 930        TRANSFORMS = {
 931            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
 932            exp.AnyValue: any_value_to_max_sql,
 933            exp.ArrayToString: rename_func("STRING_AGG"),
 934            exp.AutoIncrementColumnConstraint: lambda *_: "IDENTITY",
 935            exp.Chr: rename_func("CHAR"),
 936            exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"),
 937            exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
 938            exp.CTE: transforms.preprocess([qualify_derived_table_outputs]),
 939            exp.CurrentDate: rename_func("GETDATE"),
 940            exp.CurrentTimestamp: rename_func("GETDATE"),
 941            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
 942            exp.Extract: rename_func("DATEPART"),
 943            exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint: generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql,
 944            exp.GroupConcat: _string_agg_sql,
 945            exp.If: rename_func("IIF"),
 946            exp.JSONExtract: _json_extract_sql,
 947            exp.JSONExtractScalar: _json_extract_sql,
 948            exp.LastDay: lambda self, e: self.func("EOMONTH", e.this),
 949            exp.Ln: rename_func("LOG"),
 950            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
 951            exp.MD5: lambda self, e: self.func("HASHBYTES", exp.Literal.string("MD5"), e.this),
 952            exp.Min: min_or_least,
 953            exp.NumberToStr: _format_sql,
 954            exp.Repeat: rename_func("REPLICATE"),
 955            exp.CurrentSchema: rename_func("SCHEMA_NAME"),
 956            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
 957                [
 958                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
 959                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
 960                    transforms.eliminate_qualify,
 961                    transforms.unnest_generate_date_array_using_recursive_cte,
 962                ]
 963            ),
 964            exp.Stddev: rename_func("STDEV"),
 965            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: strposition_sql(
 966                self, e, func_name="CHARINDEX", supports_position=True
 967            ),
 968            exp.Subquery: transforms.preprocess([qualify_derived_table_outputs]),
 969            exp.SHA: lambda self, e: self.func("HASHBYTES", exp.Literal.string("SHA1"), e.this),
 970            exp.SHA2: lambda self, e: self.func(
 971                "HASHBYTES", exp.Literal.string(f"SHA2_{e.args.get('length', 256)}"), e.this
 972            ),
 973            exp.TemporaryProperty: lambda self, e: "",
 974            exp.TimeStrToTime: _timestrtotime_sql,
 975            exp.TimeToStr: _format_sql,
 976            exp.Trim: trim_sql,
 977            exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD", cast=True),
 978            exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
 979            exp.TimestampTrunc: lambda self, e: self.func("DATETRUNC", e.unit, e.this),
 980            exp.Uuid: lambda *_: "NEWID()",
 981            exp.DateFromParts: rename_func("DATEFROMPARTS"),
 982        }
 983
 984        TRANSFORMS.pop(exp.ReturnsProperty)
 985
 986        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
 987            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
 988            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
 989        }
 990
 991        def scope_resolution(self, rhs: str, scope_name: str) -> str:
 992            return f"{scope_name}::{rhs}"
 993
 994        def select_sql(self, expression: exp.Select) -> str:
 995            limit = expression.args.get("limit")
 996            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
 997
 998            if isinstance(limit, exp.Fetch) and not offset:
 999                # Dialects like Oracle can FETCH directly from a row set but
1000                # T-SQL requires an ORDER BY + OFFSET clause in order to FETCH
1001                offset = exp.Offset(expression=exp.Literal.number(0))
1002                expression.set("offset", offset)
1003
1004            if offset:
1005                if not expression.args.get("order"):
1006                    # ORDER BY is required in order to use OFFSET in a query, so we use
1007                    # a noop order by, since we don't really care about the order.
1008                    # See: https://www.microsoftpressstore.com/articles/article.aspx?p=2314819
1009                    expression.order_by(exp.select(exp.null()).subquery(), copy=False)
1010
1011                if isinstance(limit, exp.Limit):
1012                    # TOP and OFFSET can't be combined, we need use FETCH instead of TOP
1013                    # we replace here because otherwise TOP would be generated in select_sql
1014                    limit.replace(exp.Fetch(direction="FIRST", count=limit.expression))
1015
1016            return super().select_sql(expression)
1017
1018        def convert_sql(self, expression: exp.Convert) -> str:
1019            name = "TRY_CONVERT" if expression.args.get("safe") else "CONVERT"
1020            return self.func(
1021                name, expression.this, expression.expression, expression.args.get("style")
1022            )
1023
1024        def queryoption_sql(self, expression: exp.QueryOption) -> str:
1025            option = self.sql(expression, "this")
1026            value = self.sql(expression, "expression")
1027            if value:
1028                optional_equal_sign = "= " if option in OPTIONS_THAT_REQUIRE_EQUAL else ""
1029                return f"{option} {optional_equal_sign}{value}"
1030            return option
1031
1032        def lateral_op(self, expression: exp.Lateral) -> str:
1033            cross_apply = expression.args.get("cross_apply")
1034            if cross_apply is True:
1035                return "CROSS APPLY"
1036            if cross_apply is False:
1037                return "OUTER APPLY"
1038
1039            # TODO: perhaps we can check if the parent is a Join and transpile it appropriately
1040            self.unsupported("LATERAL clause is not supported.")
1041            return "LATERAL"
1042
1043        def splitpart_sql(self: TSQL.Generator, expression: exp.SplitPart) -> str:
1044            this = expression.this
1045            split_count = len(this.name.split("."))
1046            delimiter = expression.args.get("delimiter")
1047            part_index = expression.args.get("part_index")
1048
1049            if (
1050                not all(isinstance(arg, exp.Literal) for arg in (this, delimiter, part_index))
1051                or (delimiter and delimiter.name != ".")
1052                or not part_index
1053                or split_count > 4
1054            ):
1055                self.unsupported(
1056                    "SPLIT_PART can be transpiled to PARSENAME only for '.' delimiter and literal values"
1057                )
1058                return ""
1059
1060            return self.func(
1061                "PARSENAME", this, exp.Literal.number(split_count + 1 - part_index.to_py())
1062            )
1063
1064        def timefromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimeFromParts) -> str:
1065            nano = expression.args.get("nano")
1066            if nano is not None:
1067                nano.pop()
1068                self.unsupported("Specifying nanoseconds is not supported in TIMEFROMPARTS.")
1069
1070            if expression.args.get("fractions") is None:
1071                expression.set("fractions", exp.Literal.number(0))
1072            if expression.args.get("precision") is None:
1073                expression.set("precision", exp.Literal.number(0))
1074
1075            return rename_func("TIMEFROMPARTS")(self, expression)
1076
1077        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
1078            zone = expression.args.get("zone")
1079            if zone is not None:
1080                zone.pop()
1081                self.unsupported("Time zone is not supported in DATETIMEFROMPARTS.")
1082
1083            nano = expression.args.get("nano")
1084            if nano is not None:
1085                nano.pop()
1086                self.unsupported("Specifying nanoseconds is not supported in DATETIMEFROMPARTS.")
1087
1088            if expression.args.get("milli") is None:
1089                expression.set("milli", exp.Literal.number(0))
1090
1091            return rename_func("DATETIMEFROMPARTS")(self, expression)
1092
1093        def setitem_sql(self, expression: exp.SetItem) -> str:
1094            this = expression.this
1095            if isinstance(this, exp.EQ) and not isinstance(this.left, exp.Parameter):
1096                # T-SQL does not use '=' in SET command, except when the LHS is a variable.
1097                return f"{self.sql(this.left)} {self.sql(this.right)}"
1098
1099            return super().setitem_sql(expression)
1100
1101        def boolean_sql(self, expression: exp.Boolean) -> str:
1102            if type(expression.parent) in BIT_TYPES or isinstance(
1103                expression.find_ancestor(exp.Values, exp.Select), exp.Values
1104            ):
1105                return "1" if expression.this else "0"
1106
1107            return "(1 = 1)" if expression.this else "(1 = 0)"
1108
1109        def is_sql(self, expression: exp.Is) -> str:
1110            if isinstance(expression.expression, exp.Boolean):
1111                return self.binary(expression, "=")
1112            return self.binary(expression, "IS")
1113
1114        def createable_sql(self, expression: exp.Create, locations: t.DefaultDict) -> str:
1115            sql = self.sql(expression, "this")
1116            properties = expression.args.get("properties")
1117
1118            if sql[:1] != "#" and any(
1119                isinstance(prop, exp.TemporaryProperty)
1120                for prop in (properties.expressions if properties else [])
1121            ):
1122                sql = f"[#{sql[1:]}" if sql.startswith("[") else f"#{sql}"
1123
1124            return sql
1125
1126        def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
1127            kind = expression.kind
1128            exists = expression.args.pop("exists", None)
1129
1130            like_property = expression.find(exp.LikeProperty)
1131            if like_property:
1132                ctas_expression = like_property.this
1133            else:
1134                ctas_expression = expression.expression
1135
1136            if kind == "VIEW":
1137                expression.this.set("catalog", None)
1138                with_ = expression.args.get("with")
1139                if ctas_expression and with_:
1140                    # We've already preprocessed the Create expression to bubble up any nested CTEs,
1141                    # but CREATE VIEW actually requires the WITH clause to come after it so we need
1142                    # to amend the AST by moving the CTEs to the CREATE VIEW statement's query.
1143                    ctas_expression.set("with", with_.pop())
1144
1145            sql = super().create_sql(expression)
1146
1147            table = expression.find(exp.Table)
1148
1149            # Convert CTAS statement to SELECT .. INTO ..
1150            if kind == "TABLE" and ctas_expression:
1151                if isinstance(ctas_expression, exp.UNWRAPPED_QUERIES):
1152                    ctas_expression = ctas_expression.subquery()
1153
1154                select_into = exp.select("*").from_(exp.alias_(ctas_expression, "temp", table=True))
1155                select_into.set("into", exp.Into(this=table))
1156
1157                if like_property:
1158                    select_into.limit(0, copy=False)
1159
1160                sql = self.sql(select_into)
1161
1162            if exists:
1163                identifier = self.sql(exp.Literal.string(exp.table_name(table) if table else ""))
1164                sql_with_ctes = self.prepend_ctes(expression, sql)
1165                sql_literal = self.sql(exp.Literal.string(sql_with_ctes))
1166                if kind == "SCHEMA":
1167                    return f"""IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM information_schema.schemata WHERE schema_name = {identifier}) EXEC({sql_literal})"""
1168                elif kind == "TABLE":
1169                    assert table
1170                    where = exp.and_(
1171                        exp.column("table_name").eq(table.name),
1172                        exp.column("table_schema").eq(table.db) if table.db else None,
1173                        exp.column("table_catalog").eq(table.catalog) if table.catalog else None,
1174                    )
1175                    return f"""IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM information_schema.tables WHERE {where}) EXEC({sql_literal})"""
1176                elif kind == "INDEX":
1177                    index = self.sql(exp.Literal.string(expression.this.text("this")))
1178                    return f"""IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.indexes WHERE object_id = object_id({identifier}) AND name = {index}) EXEC({sql_literal})"""
1179            elif expression.args.get("replace"):
1180                sql = sql.replace("CREATE OR REPLACE ", "CREATE OR ALTER ", 1)
1181
1182            return self.prepend_ctes(expression, sql)
1183
1184        def count_sql(self, expression: exp.Count) -> str:
1185            func_name = "COUNT_BIG" if expression.args.get("big_int") else "COUNT"
1186            return rename_func(func_name)(self, expression)
1187
1188        def offset_sql(self, expression: exp.Offset) -> str:
1189            return f"{super().offset_sql(expression)} ROWS"
1190
1191        def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str:
1192            name = "SYSTEM_TIME" if expression.name == "TIMESTAMP" else expression.name
1193            this = f"FOR {name}"
1194            expr = expression.expression
1195            kind = expression.text("kind")
1196            if kind in ("FROM", "BETWEEN"):
1197                args = expr.expressions
1198                sep = "TO" if kind == "FROM" else "AND"
1199                expr_sql = f"{self.sql(seq_get(args, 0))} {sep} {self.sql(seq_get(args, 1))}"
1200            else:
1201                expr_sql = self.sql(expr)
1202
1203            expr_sql = f" {expr_sql}" if expr_sql else ""
1204            return f"{this} {kind}{expr_sql}"
1205
1206        def returnsproperty_sql(self, expression: exp.ReturnsProperty) -> str:
1207            table = expression.args.get("table")
1208            table = f"{table} " if table else ""
1209            return f"RETURNS {table}{self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
1210
1211        def returning_sql(self, expression: exp.Returning) -> str:
1212            into = self.sql(expression, "into")
1213            into = self.seg(f"INTO {into}") if into else ""
1214            return f"{self.seg('OUTPUT')} {self.expressions(expression, flat=True)}{into}"
1215
1216        def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str:
1217            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
1218            this = f" {this}" if this else ""
1219            mark = self.sql(expression, "mark")
1220            mark = f" WITH MARK {mark}" if mark else ""
1221            return f"BEGIN TRANSACTION{this}{mark}"
1222
1223        def commit_sql(self, expression: exp.Commit) -> str:
1224            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
1225            this = f" {this}" if this else ""
1226            durability = expression.args.get("durability")
1227            durability = (
1228                f" WITH (DELAYED_DURABILITY = {'ON' if durability else 'OFF'})"
1229                if durability is not None
1230                else ""
1231            )
1232            return f"COMMIT TRANSACTION{this}{durability}"
1233
1234        def rollback_sql(self, expression: exp.Rollback) -> str:
1235            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
1236            this = f" {this}" if this else ""
1237            return f"ROLLBACK TRANSACTION{this}"
1238
1239        def identifier_sql(self, expression: exp.Identifier) -> str:
1240            identifier = super().identifier_sql(expression)
1241
1242            if expression.args.get("global"):
1243                identifier = f"##{identifier}"
1244            elif expression.args.get("temporary"):
1245                identifier = f"#{identifier}"
1246
1247            return identifier
1248
1249        def constraint_sql(self, expression: exp.Constraint) -> str:
1250            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
1251            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True, sep=" ")
1252            return f"CONSTRAINT {this} {expressions}"
1253
1254        def length_sql(self, expression: exp.Length) -> str:
1255            return self._uncast_text(expression, "LEN")
1256
1257        def right_sql(self, expression: exp.Right) -> str:
1258            return self._uncast_text(expression, "RIGHT")
1259
1260        def left_sql(self, expression: exp.Left) -> str:
1261            return self._uncast_text(expression, "LEFT")
1262
1263        def _uncast_text(self, expression: exp.Expression, name: str) -> str:
1264            this = expression.this
1265            if isinstance(this, exp.Cast) and this.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.TEXT):
1266                this_sql = self.sql(this, "this")
1267            else:
1268                this_sql = self.sql(this)
1269            expression_sql = self.sql(expression, "expression")
1270            return self.func(name, this_sql, expression_sql if expression_sql else None)
1271
1272        def partition_sql(self, expression: exp.Partition) -> str:
1273            return f"WITH (PARTITIONS({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)}))"
1274
1275        def alter_sql(self, expression: exp.Alter) -> str:
1276            action = seq_get(expression.args.get("actions") or [], 0)
1277            if isinstance(action, exp.AlterRename):
1278                return f"EXEC sp_rename '{self.sql(expression.this)}', '{action.this.name}'"
1279            return super().alter_sql(expression)
1280
1281        def drop_sql(self, expression: exp.Drop) -> str:
1282            if expression.args["kind"] == "VIEW":
1283                expression.this.set("catalog", None)
1284            return super().drop_sql(expression)
1285
1286        def options_modifier(self, expression: exp.Expression) -> str:
1287            options = self.expressions(expression, key="options")
1288            return f" OPTION{self.wrap(options)}" if options else ""
1289
1290        def dpipe_sql(self, expression: exp.DPipe) -> str:
1291            return self.sql(
1292                reduce(lambda x, y: exp.Add(this=x, expression=y), expression.flatten())
1293            )
1294
1295        def isascii_sql(self, expression: exp.IsAscii) -> str:
1296            return f"(PATINDEX(CONVERT(VARCHAR(MAX), 0x255b5e002d7f5d25) COLLATE Latin1_General_BIN, {self.sql(expression.this)}) = 0)"
1297
1298        def columndef_sql(self, expression: exp.ColumnDef, sep: str = " ") -> str:
1299            this = super().columndef_sql(expression, sep)
1300            default = self.sql(expression, "default")
1301            default = f" = {default}" if default else ""
1302            output = self.sql(expression, "output")
1303            output = f" {output}" if output else ""
1304            return f"{this}{default}{output}"
SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False

Whether SEMI or ANTI joins are supported.

LOG_BASE_FIRST: Optional[bool] = False

Whether the base comes first in the LOG function. Possible values: True, False, None (two arguments are not supported by LOG)

TYPED_DIVISION = True

Whether the behavior of a / b depends on the types of a and b. False means a / b is always float division. True means a / b is integer division if both a and b are integers.

CONCAT_COALESCE = True

A NULL arg in CONCAT yields NULL by default, but in some dialects it yields an empty string.

NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = <NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE: 'CASE_INSENSITIVE'>

Specifies the strategy according to which identifiers should be normalized.

TIME_FORMAT = "'yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss'"
TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'year': '%Y', 'dayofyear': '%j', 'day': '%d', 'dy': '%d', 'y': '%Y', 'week': '%W', 'ww': '%W', 'wk': '%W', 'hour': '%h', 'hh': '%I', 'minute': '%M', 'mi': '%M', 'n': '%M', 'second': '%S', 'ss': '%S', 's': '%-S', 'millisecond': '%f', 'ms': '%f', 'weekday': '%w', 'dw': '%w', 'month': '%m', 'mm': '%M', 'm': '%-M', 'Y': '%Y', 'YYYY': '%Y', 'YY': '%y', 'MMMM': '%B', 'MMM': '%b', 'MM': '%m', 'M': '%-m', 'dddd': '%A', 'dd': '%d', 'd': '%-d', 'HH': '%H', 'H': '%-H', 'h': '%-I', 'ffffff': '%f', 'yyyy': '%Y', 'yy': '%y'}

Associates this dialect's time formats with their equivalent Python strftime formats.

CONVERT_FORMAT_MAPPING = {'0': '%b %d %Y %-I:%M%p', '1': '%m/%d/%y', '2': '%y.%m.%d', '3': '%d/%m/%y', '4': '%d.%m.%y', '5': '%d-%m-%y', '6': '%d %b %y', '7': '%b %d, %y', '8': '%H:%M:%S', '9': '%b %d %Y %-I:%M:%S:%f%p', '10': 'mm-dd-yy', '11': 'yy/mm/dd', '12': 'yymmdd', '13': '%d %b %Y %H:%M:ss:%f', '14': '%H:%M:%S:%f', '20': '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', '21': '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f', '22': '%m/%d/%y %-I:%M:%S %p', '23': '%Y-%m-%d', '24': '%H:%M:%S', '25': '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f', '100': '%b %d %Y %-I:%M%p', '101': '%m/%d/%Y', '102': '%Y.%m.%d', '103': '%d/%m/%Y', '104': '%d.%m.%Y', '105': '%d-%m-%Y', '106': '%d %b %Y', '107': '%b %d, %Y', '108': '%H:%M:%S', '109': '%b %d %Y %-I:%M:%S:%f%p', '110': '%m-%d-%Y', '111': '%Y/%m/%d', '112': '%Y%m%d', '113': '%d %b %Y %H:%M:%S:%f', '114': '%H:%M:%S:%f', '120': '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', '121': '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f'}
FORMAT_TIME_MAPPING = {'y': '%B %Y', 'd': '%m/%d/%Y', 'H': '%-H', 'h': '%-I', 's': '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', 'D': '%A,%B,%Y', 'f': '%A,%B,%Y %-I:%M %p', 'F': '%A,%B,%Y %-I:%M:%S %p', 'g': '%m/%d/%Y %-I:%M %p', 'G': '%m/%d/%Y %-I:%M:%S %p', 'M': '%B %-d', 'm': '%B %-d', 'O': '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S', 'u': '%Y-%M-%D %H:%M:%S%z', 'U': '%A, %B %D, %Y %H:%M:%S%z', 'T': '%-I:%M:%S %p', 't': '%-I:%M', 'Y': '%a %Y'}
SUPPORTS_COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS = False

Whether the old-style outer join (+) syntax is supported.

tokenizer_class = <class 'TSQL.Tokenizer'>
jsonpath_tokenizer_class = <class 'sqlglot.tokens.JSONPathTokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'TSQL.Parser'>
generator_class = <class 'TSQL.Generator'>
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'y': {'e': {'a': {'r': {0: True}}}, 0: True, 'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'd': {'a': {'y': {'o': {'f': {'y': {'e': {'a': {'r': {0: True}}}}}}, 0: True}}, 'y': {0: True}, 'w': {0: True}, 'd': {'d': {'d': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 'w': {'e': {'e': {'k': {0: True, 'd': {'a': {'y': {0: True}}}}}}, 'w': {0: True}, 'k': {0: True}}, 'h': {'o': {'u': {'r': {0: True}}}, 'h': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'm': {'i': {'n': {'u': {'t': {'e': {0: True}}}}, 0: True, 'l': {'l': {'i': {'s': {'e': {'c': {'o': {'n': {'d': {0: True}}}}}}}}}}, 's': {0: True}, 'o': {'n': {'t': {'h': {0: True}}}}, 'm': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'n': {0: True}, 's': {'e': {'c': {'o': {'n': {'d': {0: True}}}}}, 's': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'Y': {0: True, 'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 'H': {'H': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'f': {'f': {'f': {'f': {'f': {'f': {0: True}}}}}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'y': {'e': {'a': {'r': {0: True}}}, 0: True, 'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'd': {'a': {'y': {'o': {'f': {'y': {'e': {'a': {'r': {0: True}}}}}}, 0: True}}, 'y': {0: True}, 'w': {0: True}, 'd': {'d': {'d': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 'w': {'e': {'e': {'k': {0: True, 'd': {'a': {'y': {0: True}}}}}}, 'w': {0: True}, 'k': {0: True}}, 'h': {'o': {'u': {'r': {0: True}}}, 'h': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'm': {'i': {'n': {'u': {'t': {'e': {0: True}}}}, 0: True, 'l': {'l': {'i': {'s': {'e': {'c': {'o': {'n': {'d': {0: True}}}}}}}}}}, 's': {0: True}, 'o': {'n': {'t': {'h': {0: True}}}}, 'm': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'n': {0: True}, 's': {'e': {'c': {'o': {'n': {'d': {0: True}}}}}, 's': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'Y': {0: True, 'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 'H': {'H': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'f': {'f': {'f': {'f': {'f': {'f': {0: True}}}}}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%Y': 'yyyy', '%j': 'dayofyear', '%d': 'dd', '%W': 'wk', '%h': 'hour', '%I': 'hh', '%M': 'mm', '%S': 'ss', '%-S': 's', '%f': 'ffffff', '%w': 'dw', '%m': 'MM', '%-M': 'm', '%y': 'yy', '%B': 'MMMM', '%b': 'MMM', '%-m': 'M', '%A': 'dddd', '%-d': 'd', '%H': 'HH', '%-H': 'H', '%-I': 'h'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'Y': {0: True}, 'j': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, 'W': {0: True}, 'h': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True}, '-': {'S': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'm': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'f': {0: True}, 'w': {0: True}, 'm': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}, 'B': {0: True}, 'b': {0: True}, 'A': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}}}
INVERSE_FORMAT_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {}
INVERSE_FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {}
INVERSE_CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {}
ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '['
IDENTIFIER_END = ']'
BIT_START: Optional[str] = None
BIT_END: Optional[str] = None
HEX_START: Optional[str] = '0x'
HEX_END: Optional[str] = ''
BYTE_START: Optional[str] = None
BYTE_END: Optional[str] = None
UNICODE_START: Optional[str] = None
UNICODE_END: Optional[str] = None
class TSQL.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer):
498    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
499        IDENTIFIERS = [("[", "]"), '"']
500        QUOTES = ["'", '"']
501        HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
502        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"@", "$", "#"}
503
504        KEYWORDS = {
505            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
506            "CLUSTERED INDEX": TokenType.INDEX,
507            "DATETIME2": TokenType.DATETIME2,
508            "DATETIMEOFFSET": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
509            "DECLARE": TokenType.DECLARE,
510            "EXEC": TokenType.COMMAND,
511            "FOR SYSTEM_TIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT,
512            "IMAGE": TokenType.IMAGE,
513            "MONEY": TokenType.MONEY,
514            "NONCLUSTERED INDEX": TokenType.INDEX,
515            "NTEXT": TokenType.TEXT,
516            "OPTION": TokenType.OPTION,
517            "OUTPUT": TokenType.RETURNING,
518            "PRINT": TokenType.COMMAND,
519            "PROC": TokenType.PROCEDURE,
520            "REAL": TokenType.FLOAT,
521            "ROWVERSION": TokenType.ROWVERSION,
522            "SMALLDATETIME": TokenType.SMALLDATETIME,
523            "SMALLMONEY": TokenType.SMALLMONEY,
524            "SQL_VARIANT": TokenType.VARIANT,
525            "SYSTEM_USER": TokenType.CURRENT_USER,
526            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
527            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.ROWVERSION,
528            "TINYINT": TokenType.UTINYINT,
529            "UNIQUEIDENTIFIER": TokenType.UUID,
530            "UPDATE STATISTICS": TokenType.COMMAND,
531            "XML": TokenType.XML,
532        }
533        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
534
535        COMMANDS = {*tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS, TokenType.END}
IDENTIFIERS = [('[', ']'), '"']
QUOTES = ["'", '"']
HEX_STRINGS = [('0x', ''), ('0X', '')]
VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {'@', '$', '#'}
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 'DPIPE'>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 'GTE'>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 'LTE'>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 'COLON_EQ'>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 'NULLSAFE_EQ'>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 'DARROW'>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 'HASH_ARROW'>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 'DHASH_ARROW'>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 'LR_ARROW'>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 'DAMP'>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 'DQMARK'>, '~~~': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, '~~': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, '~~*': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, '~*': <TokenType.IRLIKE: 'IRLIKE'>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, 'ALWAYS': <TokenType.ALWAYS: 'ALWAYS'>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 'AND'>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 'ALIAS'>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, 'CHARACTER SET': <TokenType.CHARACTER_SET: 'CHARACTER_SET'>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 'CLUSTER_BY'>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 'CONNECT_BY'>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 'CROSS'>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, 'CURRENT_SCHEMA': <TokenType.CURRENT_SCHEMA: 'CURRENT_SCHEMA'>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 'DISTINCT'>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 'DISTRIBUTE_BY'>, 'DIV': <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 'END'>, 'ENUM': <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 'FROM'>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 'GROUP_BY'>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 'GROUPING_SETS'>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 'HAVING'>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 'INNER'>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 'INTERSECT'>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 'INTO'>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 'JOIN'>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 'LATERAL'>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, 'NAMESPACE': <TokenType.NAMESPACE: 'NAMESPACE'>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 'NOTNULL'>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 'ON'>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 'OR'>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 'XOR'>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 'ORDER_BY'>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 'OUTER'>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 'OVER'>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 'PRIMARY_KEY'>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 'QUALIFY'>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'RENAME': <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, 'ROW': <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 'SELECT'>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 'SORT_BY'>, 'START WITH': <TokenType.START_WITH: 'START_WITH'>, 'STRAIGHT_JOIN': <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 'THEN'>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 'UNION'>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 'USING'>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 'WHEN'>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 'WHERE'>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 'WITH'>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'UHUGEINT': <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'INT256': <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT8': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'UINT': <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, 'UINT128': <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, 'UINT256': <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL32': <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, 'DECIMAL64': <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, 'DECIMAL128': <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, 'DECIMAL256': <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 'DECIMAL256'>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'LIST': <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, 'JSONB': <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'BPCHAR': <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPNTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, 'VECTOR': <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'SEQUENCE': <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.ANALYZE: 'ANALYZE'>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.GRANT: 'GRANT'>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, 'FOR VERSION': <TokenType.VERSION_SNAPSHOT: 'VERSION_SNAPSHOT'>, 'FOR TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, 'CLUSTERED INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, 'DATETIME2': <TokenType.DATETIME2: 'DATETIME2'>, 'DATETIMEOFFSET': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'DECLARE': <TokenType.DECLARE: 'DECLARE'>, 'EXEC': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'FOR SYSTEM_TIME': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, 'IMAGE': <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, 'MONEY': <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, 'NONCLUSTERED INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, 'NTEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'OPTION': <TokenType.OPTION: 'OPTION'>, 'OUTPUT': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'PRINT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PROC': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'ROWVERSION': <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, 'SMALLDATETIME': <TokenType.SMALLDATETIME: 'SMALLDATETIME'>, 'SMALLMONEY': <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, 'SQL_VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'SYSTEM_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'TOP': <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER': <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, 'UPDATE STATISTICS': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'XML': <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>}
COMMANDS = {<TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>}
class TSQL.Parser(sqlglot.parser.Parser):
537    class Parser(parser.Parser):
538        SET_REQUIRES_ASSIGNMENT_DELIMITER = False
539        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
540        ALTER_TABLE_ADD_REQUIRED_FOR_EACH_COLUMN = False
541        STRING_ALIASES = True
542        NO_PAREN_IF_COMMANDS = False
543
544        QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS = {
545            **parser.Parser.QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS,
546            TokenType.OPTION: lambda self: ("options", self._parse_options()),
547        }
548
549        # T-SQL does not allow BEGIN to be used as an identifier
550        ID_VAR_TOKENS = parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS - {TokenType.BEGIN}
551        ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.ALIAS_TOKENS - {TokenType.BEGIN}
552        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS - {TokenType.BEGIN}
553        COMMENT_TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.COMMENT_TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS - {TokenType.BEGIN}
554        UPDATE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.UPDATE_ALIAS_TOKENS - {TokenType.BEGIN}
555
556        FUNCTIONS = {
557            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
558            "CHARINDEX": lambda args: exp.StrPosition(
559                this=seq_get(args, 1),
560                substr=seq_get(args, 0),
561                position=seq_get(args, 2),
562            ),
563            "COUNT": lambda args: exp.Count(
564                this=seq_get(args, 0), expressions=args[1:], big_int=False
565            ),
566            "COUNT_BIG": lambda args: exp.Count(
567                this=seq_get(args, 0), expressions=args[1:], big_int=True
568            ),
569            "DATEADD": build_date_delta(exp.DateAdd, unit_mapping=DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL),
570            "DATEDIFF": _build_date_delta(exp.DateDiff, unit_mapping=DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL),
571            "DATENAME": _build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, full_format_mapping=True),
572            "DATEPART": _build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr),
573            "DATETIMEFROMPARTS": _build_datetimefromparts,
574            "EOMONTH": _build_eomonth,
575            "FORMAT": _build_format,
576            "GETDATE": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list,
577            "HASHBYTES": _build_hashbytes,
578            "ISNULL": build_coalesce,
579            "JSON_QUERY": _build_json_query,
580            "JSON_VALUE": parser.build_extract_json_with_path(exp.JSONExtractScalar),
581            "LEN": _build_with_arg_as_text(exp.Length),
582            "LEFT": _build_with_arg_as_text(exp.Left),
583            "NEWID": exp.Uuid.from_arg_list,
584            "RIGHT": _build_with_arg_as_text(exp.Right),
585            "PARSENAME": _build_parsename,
586            "REPLICATE": exp.Repeat.from_arg_list,
587            "SCHEMA_NAME": exp.CurrentSchema.from_arg_list,
588            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
589            "SYSDATETIME": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list,
590            "SUSER_NAME": exp.CurrentUser.from_arg_list,
591            "SUSER_SNAME": exp.CurrentUser.from_arg_list,
592            "SYSTEM_USER": exp.CurrentUser.from_arg_list,
593            "TIMEFROMPARTS": _build_timefromparts,
594            "DATETRUNC": _build_datetrunc,
595        }
596
597        JOIN_HINTS = {"LOOP", "HASH", "MERGE", "REMOTE"}
598
599        PROCEDURE_OPTIONS = dict.fromkeys(
600            ("ENCRYPTION", "RECOMPILE", "SCHEMABINDING", "NATIVE_COMPILATION", "EXECUTE"), tuple()
601        )
602
603        COLUMN_DEFINITION_MODES = {"OUT", "OUTPUT", "READ_ONLY"}
604
605        RETURNS_TABLE_TOKENS = parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS - {
606            TokenType.TABLE,
607            *parser.Parser.TYPE_TOKENS,
608        }
609
610        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
611            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
612            TokenType.DECLARE: lambda self: self._parse_declare(),
613        }
614
615        RANGE_PARSERS = {
616            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,
617            TokenType.DCOLON: lambda self, this: self.expression(
618                exp.ScopeResolution,
619                this=this,
620                expression=self._parse_function() or self._parse_var(any_token=True),
621            ),
622        }
623
624        NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
625            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS,
626            "NEXT": lambda self: self._parse_next_value_for(),
627        }
628
629        # The DCOLON (::) operator serves as a scope resolution (exp.ScopeResolution) operator in T-SQL
630        COLUMN_OPERATORS = {
631            **parser.Parser.COLUMN_OPERATORS,
632            TokenType.DCOLON: lambda self, this, to: self.expression(exp.Cast, this=this, to=to)
633            if isinstance(to, exp.DataType) and to.this != exp.DataType.Type.USERDEFINED
634            else self.expression(exp.ScopeResolution, this=this, expression=to),
635        }
636
637        def _parse_dcolon(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
638            # We want to use _parse_types() if the first token after :: is a known type,
639            # otherwise we could parse something like x::varchar(max) into a function
640            if self._match_set(self.TYPE_TOKENS, advance=False):
641                return self._parse_types()
642
643            return self._parse_function() or self._parse_types()
644
645        def _parse_options(self) -> t.Optional[t.List[exp.Expression]]:
646            if not self._match(TokenType.OPTION):
647                return None
648
649            def _parse_option() -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
650                option = self._parse_var_from_options(OPTIONS)
651                if not option:
652                    return None
653
654                self._match(TokenType.EQ)
655                return self.expression(
656                    exp.QueryOption, this=option, expression=self._parse_primary_or_var()
657                )
658
659            return self._parse_wrapped_csv(_parse_option)
660
661        def _parse_projections(self) -> t.List[exp.Expression]:
662            """
663            T-SQL supports the syntax alias = expression in the SELECT's projection list,
664            so we transform all parsed Selects to convert their EQ projections into Aliases.
665
666            See: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/queries/select-clause-transact-sql?view=sql-server-ver16#syntax
667            """
668            return [
669                (
670                    exp.alias_(projection.expression, projection.this.this, copy=False)
671                    if isinstance(projection, exp.EQ) and isinstance(projection.this, exp.Column)
672                    else projection
673                )
674                for projection in super()._parse_projections()
675            ]
676
677        def _parse_commit_or_rollback(self) -> exp.Commit | exp.Rollback:
678            """Applies to SQL Server and Azure SQL Database
679            COMMIT [ { TRAN | TRANSACTION }
680                [ transaction_name | @tran_name_variable ] ]
681                [ WITH ( DELAYED_DURABILITY = { OFF | ON } ) ]
682
683            ROLLBACK { TRAN | TRANSACTION }
684                [ transaction_name | @tran_name_variable
685                | savepoint_name | @savepoint_variable ]
686            """
687            rollback = self._prev.token_type == TokenType.ROLLBACK
688
689            self._match_texts(("TRAN", "TRANSACTION"))
690            this = self._parse_id_var()
691
692            if rollback:
693                return self.expression(exp.Rollback, this=this)
694
695            durability = None
696            if self._match_pair(TokenType.WITH, TokenType.L_PAREN):
697                self._match_text_seq("DELAYED_DURABILITY")
698                self._match(TokenType.EQ)
699
700                if self._match_text_seq("OFF"):
701                    durability = False
702                else:
703                    self._match(TokenType.ON)
704                    durability = True
705
706                self._match_r_paren()
707
708            return self.expression(exp.Commit, this=this, durability=durability)
709
710        def _parse_transaction(self) -> exp.Transaction | exp.Command:
711            """Applies to SQL Server and Azure SQL Database
712            BEGIN { TRAN | TRANSACTION }
713            [ { transaction_name | @tran_name_variable }
714            [ WITH MARK [ 'description' ] ]
715            ]
716            """
717            if self._match_texts(("TRAN", "TRANSACTION")):
718                transaction = self.expression(exp.Transaction, this=self._parse_id_var())
719                if self._match_text_seq("WITH", "MARK"):
720                    transaction.set("mark", self._parse_string())
721
722                return transaction
723
724            return self._parse_as_command(self._prev)
725
726        def _parse_returns(self) -> exp.ReturnsProperty:
727            table = self._parse_id_var(any_token=False, tokens=self.RETURNS_TABLE_TOKENS)
728            returns = super()._parse_returns()
729            returns.set("table", table)
730            return returns
731
732        def _parse_convert(
733            self, strict: bool, safe: t.Optional[bool] = None
734        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
735            this = self._parse_types()
736            self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
737            args = [this, *self._parse_csv(self._parse_assignment)]
738            convert = exp.Convert.from_arg_list(args)
739            convert.set("safe", safe)
740            convert.set("strict", strict)
741            return convert
742
743        def _parse_column_def(
744            self, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression], computed_column: bool = True
745        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
746            this = super()._parse_column_def(this=this, computed_column=computed_column)
747            if not this:
748                return None
749            if self._match(TokenType.EQ):
750                this.set("default", self._parse_disjunction())
751            if self._match_texts(self.COLUMN_DEFINITION_MODES):
752                this.set("output", self._prev.text)
753            return this
754
755        def _parse_user_defined_function(
756            self, kind: t.Optional[TokenType] = None
757        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
758            this = super()._parse_user_defined_function(kind=kind)
759
760            if (
761                kind == TokenType.FUNCTION
762                or isinstance(this, exp.UserDefinedFunction)
763                or self._match(TokenType.ALIAS, advance=False)
764            ):
765                return this
766
767            if not self._match(TokenType.WITH, advance=False):
768                expressions = self._parse_csv(self._parse_function_parameter)
769            else:
770                expressions = None
771
772            return self.expression(exp.UserDefinedFunction, this=this, expressions=expressions)
773
774        def _parse_id_var(
775            self,
776            any_token: bool = True,
777            tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None,
778        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
779            is_temporary = self._match(TokenType.HASH)
780            is_global = is_temporary and self._match(TokenType.HASH)
781
782            this = super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
783            if this:
784                if is_global:
785                    this.set("global", True)
786                elif is_temporary:
787                    this.set("temporary", True)
788
789            return this
790
791        def _parse_create(self) -> exp.Create | exp.Command:
792            create = super()._parse_create()
793
794            if isinstance(create, exp.Create):
795                table = create.this.this if isinstance(create.this, exp.Schema) else create.this
796                if isinstance(table, exp.Table) and table.this and table.this.args.get("temporary"):
797                    if not create.args.get("properties"):
798                        create.set("properties", exp.Properties(expressions=[]))
799
800                    create.args["properties"].append("expressions", exp.TemporaryProperty())
801
802            return create
803
804        def _parse_if(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
805            index = self._index
806
807            if self._match_text_seq("OBJECT_ID"):
808                self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_string)
809                if self._match_text_seq("IS", "NOT", "NULL") and self._match(TokenType.DROP):
810                    return self._parse_drop(exists=True)
811                self._retreat(index)
812
813            return super()._parse_if()
814
815        def _parse_unique(self) -> exp.UniqueColumnConstraint:
816            if self._match_texts(("CLUSTERED", "NONCLUSTERED")):
817                this = self.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS[self._prev.text.upper()](self)
818            else:
819                this = self._parse_schema(self._parse_id_var(any_token=False))
820
821            return self.expression(exp.UniqueColumnConstraint, this=this)
822
823        def _parse_partition(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Partition]:
824            if not self._match_text_seq("WITH", "(", "PARTITIONS"):
825                return None
826
827            def parse_range():
828                low = self._parse_bitwise()
829                high = self._parse_bitwise() if self._match_text_seq("TO") else None
830
831                return (
832                    self.expression(exp.PartitionRange, this=low, expression=high) if high else low
833                )
834
835            partition = self.expression(
836                exp.Partition, expressions=self._parse_wrapped_csv(parse_range)
837            )
838
839            self._match_r_paren()
840
841            return partition
842
843        def _parse_declare(self) -> exp.Declare | exp.Command:
844            index = self._index
845            expressions = self._try_parse(partial(self._parse_csv, self._parse_declareitem))
846
847            if not expressions or self._curr:
848                self._retreat(index)
849                return self._parse_as_command(self._prev)
850
851            return self.expression(exp.Declare, expressions=expressions)
852
853        def _parse_declareitem(self) -> t.Optional[exp.DeclareItem]:
854            var = self._parse_id_var()
855            if not var:
856                return None
857
858            value = None
859            self._match(TokenType.ALIAS)
860            if self._match(TokenType.TABLE):
861                data_type = self._parse_schema()
862            else:
863                data_type = self._parse_types()
864                if self._match(TokenType.EQ):
865                    value = self._parse_bitwise()
866
867            return self.expression(exp.DeclareItem, this=var, kind=data_type, default=value)

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the Tokenizer and produces a parsed syntax tree.

Arguments:
  • error_level: The desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.IMMEDIATE
  • error_message_context: The amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 100
  • max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
SET_REQUIRES_ASSIGNMENT_DELIMITER = False
LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
ALTER_TABLE_ADD_REQUIRED_FOR_EACH_COLUMN = False
STRING_ALIASES = True
NO_PAREN_IF_COMMANDS = False
QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS = {<TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE: 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PREWHERE: 'PREWHERE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.WHERE: 'WHERE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 'GROUP_BY'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.HAVING: 'HAVING'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.QUALIFY: 'QUALIFY'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 'ORDER_BY'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.USING: 'USING'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 'CLUSTER_BY'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 'DISTRIBUTE_BY'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SORT_BY: 'SORT_BY'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 'CONNECT_BY'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.START_WITH: 'START_WITH'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.OPTION: 'OPTION'>: <function TSQL.Parser.<lambda>>}
ID_VAR_TOKENS = {<TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.MULTILINESTRING: 'MULTILINESTRING'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.UDOUBLE: 'UDOUBLE'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.ATTACH: 'ATTACH'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, <TokenType.SOURCE: 'SOURCE'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_SCHEMA: 'CURRENT_SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.RING: 'RING'>, <TokenType.SINK: 'SINK'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.DETACH: 'DETACH'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.DATETIME2: 'DATETIME2'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, <TokenType.POINT: 'POINT'>, <TokenType.EXPORT: 'EXPORT'>, <TokenType.POLYGON: 'POLYGON'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.BLOB: 'BLOB'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.NAMESPACE: 'NAMESPACE'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.DYNAMIC: 'DYNAMIC'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, <TokenType.SMALLDATETIME: 'SMALLDATETIME'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.MULTIPOLYGON: 'MULTIPOLYGON'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.LINESTRING: 'LINESTRING'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.PUT: 'PUT'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 'DECIMAL256'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>}
ALIAS_TOKENS = {<TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.MULTILINESTRING: 'MULTILINESTRING'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.UDOUBLE: 'UDOUBLE'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.ATTACH: 'ATTACH'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, <TokenType.SOURCE: 'SOURCE'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_SCHEMA: 'CURRENT_SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.RING: 'RING'>, <TokenType.SINK: 'SINK'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.DETACH: 'DETACH'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.DATETIME2: 'DATETIME2'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, <TokenType.POINT: 'POINT'>, <TokenType.EXPORT: 'EXPORT'>, <TokenType.POLYGON: 'POLYGON'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.BLOB: 'BLOB'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.NAMESPACE: 'NAMESPACE'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.DYNAMIC: 'DYNAMIC'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, <TokenType.SMALLDATETIME: 'SMALLDATETIME'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.MULTIPOLYGON: 'MULTIPOLYGON'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.LINESTRING: 'LINESTRING'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.PUT: 'PUT'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 'DECIMAL256'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>}
TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = {<TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.MULTILINESTRING: 'MULTILINESTRING'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.UDOUBLE: 'UDOUBLE'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.ATTACH: 'ATTACH'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, <TokenType.SOURCE: 'SOURCE'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_SCHEMA: 'CURRENT_SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.RING: 'RING'>, <TokenType.SINK: 'SINK'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.DETACH: 'DETACH'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.DATETIME2: 'DATETIME2'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, <TokenType.POINT: 'POINT'>, <TokenType.EXPORT: 'EXPORT'>, <TokenType.POLYGON: 'POLYGON'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.BLOB: 'BLOB'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.NAMESPACE: 'NAMESPACE'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.DYNAMIC: 'DYNAMIC'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, <TokenType.SMALLDATETIME: 'SMALLDATETIME'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.MULTIPOLYGON: 'MULTIPOLYGON'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.LINESTRING: 'LINESTRING'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.PUT: 'PUT'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 'DECIMAL256'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>}
COMMENT_TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = {<TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.MULTILINESTRING: 'MULTILINESTRING'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.UDOUBLE: 'UDOUBLE'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.ATTACH: 'ATTACH'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, <TokenType.SOURCE: 'SOURCE'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_SCHEMA: 'CURRENT_SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.RING: 'RING'>, <TokenType.SINK: 'SINK'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.DETACH: 'DETACH'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.DATETIME2: 'DATETIME2'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, <TokenType.POINT: 'POINT'>, <TokenType.EXPORT: 'EXPORT'>, <TokenType.POLYGON: 'POLYGON'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.BLOB: 'BLOB'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.NAMESPACE: 'NAMESPACE'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.DYNAMIC: 'DYNAMIC'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, <TokenType.SMALLDATETIME: 'SMALLDATETIME'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.MULTIPOLYGON: 'MULTIPOLYGON'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.LINESTRING: 'LINESTRING'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.PUT: 'PUT'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 'DECIMAL256'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>}
UPDATE_ALIAS_TOKENS = {<TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.MULTILINESTRING: 'MULTILINESTRING'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.UDOUBLE: 'UDOUBLE'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.ATTACH: 'ATTACH'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, <TokenType.SOURCE: 'SOURCE'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_SCHEMA: 'CURRENT_SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.RING: 'RING'>, <TokenType.SINK: 'SINK'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.DETACH: 'DETACH'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.DATETIME2: 'DATETIME2'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, <TokenType.POINT: 'POINT'>, <TokenType.EXPORT: 'EXPORT'>, <TokenType.POLYGON: 'POLYGON'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.BLOB: 'BLOB'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.NAMESPACE: 'NAMESPACE'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.DYNAMIC: 'DYNAMIC'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, <TokenType.SMALLDATETIME: 'SMALLDATETIME'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.MULTIPOLYGON: 'MULTIPOLYGON'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.LINESTRING: 'LINESTRING'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.PUT: 'PUT'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 'DECIMAL256'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>}
FUNCTIONS = {'ABS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>>, 'ADD_MONTHS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AddMonths'>>, 'AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.And'>>, 'ANONYMOUS_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnonymousAggFunc'>>, 'ANY_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPLY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Apply'>>, 'APPROX_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'APPROX_TOP_K': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxTopK'>>, 'ARG_MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARGMAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'MAX_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARG_MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARGMIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'MIN_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARRAY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAll'>>, 'ARRAY_ANY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>>, 'ARRAY_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CONSTRUCT_COMPACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConstructCompact'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'ARRAY_HAS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>>, 'ARRAY_HAS_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>>, 'FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_OVERLAPS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>>, 'ARRAY_SIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_SORT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySort'>>, 'ARRAY_SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySum'>>, 'ARRAY_TO_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_JOIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_UNION_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUnionAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_UNIQUE_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>>, 'AVG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>>, 'CASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>>, 'CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>>, 'CAST_TO_STR_TYPE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CastToStrType'>>, 'CBRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cbrt'>>, 'CEIL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CEILING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CHR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHAR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COALESCE': <function build_coalesce>, 'IFNULL': <function build_coalesce>, 'NVL': <function build_coalesce>, 'COLLATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Collate'>>, 'COLUMNS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Columns'>>, 'COMBINED_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedAggFunc'>>, 'COMBINED_PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedParameterizedAgg'>>, 'CONCAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONCAT_WS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONNECT_BY_ROOT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConnectByRoot'>>, 'CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Contains'>>, 'CONVERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Convert'>>, 'CONVERT_TIMEZONE': <function build_convert_timezone>, 'CORR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Corr'>>, 'COUNT': <function TSQL.Parser.<lambda>>, 'COUNT_IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COUNTIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COVAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarPop'>>, 'COVAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarSamp'>>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>>, 'CURRENT_SCHEMA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentSchema'>>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'CURRENT_USER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Date'>>, 'DATE_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>>, 'DATE_BIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateBin'>>, 'DATEDIFF': <function _build_date_delta.<locals>._builder>, 'DATE_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATE_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATE_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>>, 'DATE_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>>, 'DATE_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>>, 'DATE_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateTrunc'>>, 'DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Datetime'>>, 'DATETIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>>, 'DATETIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>>, 'DATETIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>>, 'DATETIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeTrunc'>>, 'DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>>, 'DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAYOFMONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAY_OF_WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK_ISO': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeekIso'>>, 'ISODOW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeekIso'>>, 'DAY_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DAYOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DECODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>>, 'DI_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>>, 'ENCODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>>, 'EXISTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exists'>>, 'EXP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>>, 'EXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'EXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodeOuter'>>, 'EXPLODING_GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodingGenerateSeries'>>, 'EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>>, 'FEATURES_AT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FeaturesAtTime'>>, 'FIRST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.First'>>, 'FIRST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FirstValue'>>, 'FLATTEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Flatten'>>, 'FLOOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>>, 'FROM_BASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase'>>, 'FROM_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase64'>>, 'FROM_ISO8601_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromISO8601Timestamp'>>, 'GAP_FILL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GapFill'>>, 'GENERATE_DATE_ARRAY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'GENERATE_TIMESTAMP_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateTimestampArray'>>, 'GREATEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>>, 'GROUP_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'HEX': <function build_hex>, 'HLL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hll'>>, 'IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'IIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'INITCAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>>, 'INLINE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Inline'>>, 'INT64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Int64'>>, 'IS_ASCII': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsAscii'>>, 'IS_INF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'ISINF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'IS_NAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'ISNAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArray'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayAgg'>>, 'JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>>, 'JSONB_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBContains'>>, 'JSONB_EXISTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExists'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>>, 'J_S_O_N_B_OBJECT_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBObjectAgg'>>, 'J_S_O_N_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONCast'>>, 'J_S_O_N_EXISTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExists'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractArray'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_FORMAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObjectAgg'>>, 'J_S_O_N_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONTable'>>, 'J_S_O_N_VALUE_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONValueArray'>>, 'LAG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lag'>>, 'LAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Last'>>, 'LAST_DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastValue'>>, 'LEAD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lead'>>, 'LEAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>>, 'LEFT': <function _build_with_arg_as_text.<locals>._parse>, 'LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEN': <function _build_with_arg_as_text.<locals>._parse>, 'CHAR_LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'CHARACTER_LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEVENSHTEIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'LIST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.List'>>, 'LN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>>, 'LOG': <function build_logarithm>, 'LOGICAL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOLAND_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'LOGICAL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOLOR_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'LOWER': <function build_lower>, 'LCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'LOWER_HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LowerHex'>>, 'MD5': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5'>>, 'MD5_DIGEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MAKE_INTERVAL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MakeInterval'>>, 'MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>>, 'MAP_FROM_ENTRIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MapFromEntries'>>, 'MATCH_AGAINST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MatchAgainst'>>, 'MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>>, 'MEDIAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Median'>>, 'MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>>, 'MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>>, 'MONTHS_BETWEEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MonthsBetween'>>, 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NextValueFor'>>, 'NORMALIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Normalize'>>, 'NTH_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NthValue'>>, 'NULLIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nullif'>>, 'NUMBER_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>>, 'NVL2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nvl2'>>, 'OBJECT_INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ObjectInsert'>>, 'OPEN_J_S_O_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OpenJSON'>>, 'OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Or'>>, 'OVERLAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Overlay'>>, 'PAD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pad'>>, 'PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParameterizedAgg'>>, 'PARSE_JSON': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'JSON_PARSE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'PERCENTILE_CONT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>>, 'PERCENTILE_DISC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>>, 'POSEXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Posexplode'>>, 'POSEXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PosexplodeOuter'>>, 'POWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'POW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'PREDICT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Predict'>>, 'QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>>, 'QUARTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quarter'>>, 'RAND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDOM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Randn'>>, 'RANGE_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RangeN'>>, 'READ_CSV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReadCSV'>>, 'REDUCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Reduce'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtractAll'>>, 'REGEXP_I_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>>, 'REGEXP_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'REGEXP_REPLACE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpReplace'>>, 'REGEXP_SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'REPEAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>>, 'RIGHT': <function _build_with_arg_as_text.<locals>._parse>, 'ROUND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>>, 'ROW_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowNumber'>>, 'SHA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA1': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>>, 'SAFE_DIVIDE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>>, 'SIGN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SIGNUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SORT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>>, 'SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Split'>>, 'SPLIT_PART': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SplitPart'>>, 'SQRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>>, 'STANDARD_HASH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StandardHash'>>, 'STAR_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>>, 'STARTS_WITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STARTSWITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STDDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDDEV_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>>, 'STDDEV_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>>, 'STR_POSITION': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>>, 'STR_TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>>, 'STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>>, 'STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix'>>, 'STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.String'>>, 'STRING_TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StringToArray'>>, 'SPLIT_BY_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StringToArray'>>, 'STRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'STRUCT_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>>, 'STUFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'SUBSTRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUBSTR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>>, 'TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Time'>>, 'TIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>>, 'TIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>>, 'TIME_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIMEFROMPARTS': <function _build_timefromparts>, 'TIME_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>>, 'TIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>>, 'TIME_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>>, 'TIME_TO_TIME_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIME_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeTrunc'>>, 'TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>>, 'TIMESTAMPDIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts'>>, 'TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>>, 'TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToArray'>>, 'TO_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>>, 'TO_CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>>, 'TO_DAYS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDays'>>, 'TO_DOUBLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDouble'>>, 'TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>>, 'TO_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToNumber'>>, 'TRANSFORM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Transform'>>, 'TRIM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>>, 'TRY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Try'>>, 'TRY_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>>, 'TS_OR_DI_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDatetime'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTime'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTimestamp'>>, 'UNHEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'UNICODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unicode'>>, 'UNIX_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixDate'>>, 'UNIX_SECONDS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixSeconds'>>, 'UNIX_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>>, 'UNNEST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UPPER': <function build_upper>, 'UCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'UUID': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'GEN_RANDOM_UUID': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'GENERATE_UUID': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'UUID_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'VAR_MAP': <function build_var_map>, 'VARIANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'VAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>>, 'WEEK_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WEEKOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'XMLELEMENT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLElement'>>, 'X_M_L_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLTable'>>, 'XOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>>, 'YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>>, 'ARRAYAGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GLOB': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'LIKE': <function build_like>, 'LOG2': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG10': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LEFTPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LTRIM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MOD': <function build_mod>, 'RIGHTPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RTRIM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SCOPE_RESOLUTION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRPOS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'CHARINDEX': <function TSQL.Parser.<lambda>>, 'INSTR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'LOCATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO_HEX': <function build_hex>, 'COUNT_BIG': <function TSQL.Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATEADD': <function build_date_delta.<locals>._builder>, 'DATENAME': <function _build_formatted_time.<locals>._builder>, 'DATEPART': <function _build_formatted_time.<locals>._builder>, 'DATETIMEFROMPARTS': <function _build_datetimefromparts>, 'EOMONTH': <function _build_eomonth>, 'FORMAT': <function _build_format>, 'GETDATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'HASHBYTES': <function _build_hashbytes>, 'ISNULL': <function build_coalesce>, 'JSON_QUERY': <function _build_json_query>, 'JSON_VALUE': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'NEWID': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'PARSENAME': <function _build_parsename>, 'REPLICATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>>, 'SCHEMA_NAME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentSchema'>>, 'SQUARE': <function TSQL.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SYSDATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'SUSER_NAME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'SUSER_SNAME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'SYSTEM_USER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'DATETRUNC': <function _build_datetrunc>}
JOIN_HINTS = {'HASH', 'MERGE', 'REMOTE', 'LOOP'}
PROCEDURE_OPTIONS = {'ENCRYPTION': (), 'RECOMPILE': (), 'SCHEMABINDING': (), 'NATIVE_COMPILATION': (), 'EXECUTE': ()}
COLUMN_DEFINITION_MODES = {'OUT', 'READ_ONLY', 'OUTPUT'}
RETURNS_TABLE_TOKENS = {<TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.ATTACH: 'ATTACH'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.SOURCE: 'SOURCE'>, <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_SCHEMA: 'CURRENT_SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.SINK: 'SINK'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.DETACH: 'DETACH'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, <TokenType.EXPORT: 'EXPORT'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.NAMESPACE: 'NAMESPACE'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.PUT: 'PUT'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>}
STATEMENT_PARSERS = {<TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ANALYZE: 'ANALYZE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.GRANT: 'GRANT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SEMICOLON: 'SEMICOLON'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DECLARE: 'DECLARE'>: <function TSQL.Parser.<lambda>>}
RANGE_PARSERS = {<TokenType.AT_GT: 'AT_GT'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.IRLIKE: 'IRLIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.LT_AT: 'LT_AT'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>: <function TSQL.Parser.<lambda>>}
NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS = {'ANY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CASE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONNECT_BY_ROOT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IF': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NEXT': <function TSQL.Parser.<lambda>>}
COLUMN_OPERATORS = {<TokenType.DOT: 'DOT'>: None, <TokenType.DOTCOLON: 'DOTCOLON'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>: <function TSQL.Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DARROW: 'DARROW'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 'HASH_ARROW'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 'DHASH_ARROW'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PLACEHOLDER: 'PLACEHOLDER'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>}
SHOW_TRIE: Dict = {}
SET_TRIE: Dict = {'GLOBAL': {0: True}, 'LOCAL': {0: True}, 'SESSION': {0: True}, 'TRANSACTION': {0: True}}
Inherited Members
sqlglot.parser.Parser
Parser
NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS
STRUCT_TYPE_TOKENS
NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS
ENUM_TYPE_TOKENS
AGGREGATE_TYPE_TOKENS
TYPE_TOKENS
SIGNED_TO_UNSIGNED_TYPE_TOKEN
SUBQUERY_PREDICATES
RESERVED_TOKENS
DB_CREATABLES
CREATABLES
ALTERABLES
ARRAY_CONSTRUCTORS
TRIM_TYPES
FUNC_TOKENS
CONJUNCTION
ASSIGNMENT
DISJUNCTION
EQUALITY
COMPARISON
BITWISE
TERM
FACTOR
EXPONENT
TIMES
TIMESTAMPS
SET_OPERATIONS
JOIN_METHODS
JOIN_SIDES
JOIN_KINDS
LAMBDAS
EXPRESSION_PARSERS
UNARY_PARSERS
STRING_PARSERS
NUMERIC_PARSERS
PRIMARY_PARSERS
PLACEHOLDER_PARSERS
PROPERTY_PARSERS
CONSTRAINT_PARSERS
ALTER_PARSERS
ALTER_ALTER_PARSERS
SCHEMA_UNNAMED_CONSTRAINTS
INVALID_FUNC_NAME_TOKENS
FUNCTIONS_WITH_ALIASED_ARGS
KEY_VALUE_DEFINITIONS
FUNCTION_PARSERS
SET_PARSERS
SHOW_PARSERS
TYPE_LITERAL_PARSERS
TYPE_CONVERTERS
DDL_SELECT_TOKENS
PRE_VOLATILE_TOKENS
TRANSACTION_KIND
TRANSACTION_CHARACTERISTICS
CONFLICT_ACTIONS
CREATE_SEQUENCE
ISOLATED_LOADING_OPTIONS
USABLES
CAST_ACTIONS
SCHEMA_BINDING_OPTIONS
EXECUTE_AS_OPTIONS
KEY_CONSTRAINT_OPTIONS
INSERT_ALTERNATIVES
CLONE_KEYWORDS
HISTORICAL_DATA_PREFIX
HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND
OPCLASS_FOLLOW_KEYWORDS
OPTYPE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
TABLE_INDEX_HINT_TOKENS
VIEW_ATTRIBUTES
WINDOW_ALIAS_TOKENS
WINDOW_BEFORE_PAREN_TOKENS
WINDOW_SIDES
JSON_KEY_VALUE_SEPARATOR_TOKENS
FETCH_TOKENS
ADD_CONSTRAINT_TOKENS
DISTINCT_TOKENS
NULL_TOKENS
UNNEST_OFFSET_ALIAS_TOKENS
SELECT_START_TOKENS
COPY_INTO_VARLEN_OPTIONS
IS_JSON_PREDICATE_KIND
ODBC_DATETIME_LITERALS
ON_CONDITION_TOKENS
PRIVILEGE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
DESCRIBE_STYLES
ANALYZE_STYLES
ANALYZE_EXPRESSION_PARSERS
PARTITION_KEYWORDS
AMBIGUOUS_ALIAS_TOKENS
OPERATION_MODIFIERS
RECURSIVE_CTE_SEARCH_KIND
MODIFIABLES
STRICT_CAST
PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS
IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS
TABLESAMPLE_CSV
DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD
TRIM_PATTERN_FIRST
MODIFIERS_ATTACHED_TO_SET_OP
SET_OP_MODIFIERS
JSON_ARROWS_REQUIRE_JSON_TYPE
COLON_IS_VARIANT_EXTRACT
VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN
SUPPORTS_IMPLICIT_UNNEST
INTERVAL_SPANS
SUPPORTS_PARTITION_SELECTION
WRAPPED_TRANSFORM_COLUMN_CONSTRAINT
OPTIONAL_ALIAS_TOKEN_CTE
error_level
error_message_context
max_errors
dialect
reset
parse
parse_into
check_errors
raise_error
expression
validate_expression
errors
sql
class TSQL.Generator(sqlglot.generator.Generator):
 869    class Generator(generator.Generator):
 870        LIMIT_IS_TOP = True
 871        QUERY_HINTS = False
 872        RETURNING_END = False
 873        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
 874        ALTER_TABLE_INCLUDE_COLUMN_KEYWORD = False
 875        LIMIT_FETCH = "FETCH"
 876        COMPUTED_COLUMN_WITH_TYPE = False
 877        CTE_RECURSIVE_KEYWORD_REQUIRED = False
 878        ENSURE_BOOLS = True
 879        NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED = None
 880        SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT = False
 881        TABLESAMPLE_SEED_KEYWORD = "REPEATABLE"
 882        SUPPORTS_SELECT_INTO = True
 883        JSON_PATH_BRACKETED_KEY_SUPPORTED = False
 884        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
 885        SET_OP_MODIFIERS = False
 886        COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED = True
 887        PARSE_JSON_NAME = None
 888        EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
 889
 890        EXPRESSIONS_WITHOUT_NESTED_CTES = {
 891            exp.Create,
 892            exp.Delete,
 893            exp.Insert,
 894            exp.Intersect,
 895            exp.Except,
 896            exp.Merge,
 897            exp.Select,
 898            exp.Subquery,
 899            exp.Union,
 900            exp.Update,
 901        }
 902
 903        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
 904            exp.JSONPathKey,
 905            exp.JSONPathRoot,
 906            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
 907        }
 908
 909        TYPE_MAPPING = {
 910            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
 911            exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BIT",
 912            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME2: "DATETIME2",
 913            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC",
 914            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT",
 915            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER",
 916            exp.DataType.Type.ROWVERSION: "ROWVERSION",
 917            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "VARCHAR(MAX)",
 918            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME2",
 919            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPNTZ: "DATETIME2",
 920            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "DATETIMEOFFSET",
 921            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLDATETIME: "SMALLDATETIME",
 922            exp.DataType.Type.UTINYINT: "TINYINT",
 923            exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "SQL_VARIANT",
 924            exp.DataType.Type.UUID: "UNIQUEIDENTIFIER",
 925        }
 926
 927        TYPE_MAPPING.pop(exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR)
 928        TYPE_MAPPING.pop(exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR)
 929
 930        TRANSFORMS = {
 931            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
 932            exp.AnyValue: any_value_to_max_sql,
 933            exp.ArrayToString: rename_func("STRING_AGG"),
 934            exp.AutoIncrementColumnConstraint: lambda *_: "IDENTITY",
 935            exp.Chr: rename_func("CHAR"),
 936            exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"),
 937            exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
 938            exp.CTE: transforms.preprocess([qualify_derived_table_outputs]),
 939            exp.CurrentDate: rename_func("GETDATE"),
 940            exp.CurrentTimestamp: rename_func("GETDATE"),
 941            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
 942            exp.Extract: rename_func("DATEPART"),
 943            exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint: generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql,
 944            exp.GroupConcat: _string_agg_sql,
 945            exp.If: rename_func("IIF"),
 946            exp.JSONExtract: _json_extract_sql,
 947            exp.JSONExtractScalar: _json_extract_sql,
 948            exp.LastDay: lambda self, e: self.func("EOMONTH", e.this),
 949            exp.Ln: rename_func("LOG"),
 950            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
 951            exp.MD5: lambda self, e: self.func("HASHBYTES", exp.Literal.string("MD5"), e.this),
 952            exp.Min: min_or_least,
 953            exp.NumberToStr: _format_sql,
 954            exp.Repeat: rename_func("REPLICATE"),
 955            exp.CurrentSchema: rename_func("SCHEMA_NAME"),
 956            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
 957                [
 958                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
 959                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
 960                    transforms.eliminate_qualify,
 961                    transforms.unnest_generate_date_array_using_recursive_cte,
 962                ]
 963            ),
 964            exp.Stddev: rename_func("STDEV"),
 965            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: strposition_sql(
 966                self, e, func_name="CHARINDEX", supports_position=True
 967            ),
 968            exp.Subquery: transforms.preprocess([qualify_derived_table_outputs]),
 969            exp.SHA: lambda self, e: self.func("HASHBYTES", exp.Literal.string("SHA1"), e.this),
 970            exp.SHA2: lambda self, e: self.func(
 971                "HASHBYTES", exp.Literal.string(f"SHA2_{e.args.get('length', 256)}"), e.this
 972            ),
 973            exp.TemporaryProperty: lambda self, e: "",
 974            exp.TimeStrToTime: _timestrtotime_sql,
 975            exp.TimeToStr: _format_sql,
 976            exp.Trim: trim_sql,
 977            exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD", cast=True),
 978            exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
 979            exp.TimestampTrunc: lambda self, e: self.func("DATETRUNC", e.unit, e.this),
 980            exp.Uuid: lambda *_: "NEWID()",
 981            exp.DateFromParts: rename_func("DATEFROMPARTS"),
 982        }
 983
 984        TRANSFORMS.pop(exp.ReturnsProperty)
 985
 986        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
 987            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
 988            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
 989        }
 990
 991        def scope_resolution(self, rhs: str, scope_name: str) -> str:
 992            return f"{scope_name}::{rhs}"
 993
 994        def select_sql(self, expression: exp.Select) -> str:
 995            limit = expression.args.get("limit")
 996            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
 997
 998            if isinstance(limit, exp.Fetch) and not offset:
 999                # Dialects like Oracle can FETCH directly from a row set but
1000                # T-SQL requires an ORDER BY + OFFSET clause in order to FETCH
1001                offset = exp.Offset(expression=exp.Literal.number(0))
1002                expression.set("offset", offset)
1003
1004            if offset:
1005                if not expression.args.get("order"):
1006                    # ORDER BY is required in order to use OFFSET in a query, so we use
1007                    # a noop order by, since we don't really care about the order.
1008                    # See: https://www.microsoftpressstore.com/articles/article.aspx?p=2314819
1009                    expression.order_by(exp.select(exp.null()).subquery(), copy=False)
1010
1011                if isinstance(limit, exp.Limit):
1012                    # TOP and OFFSET can't be combined, we need use FETCH instead of TOP
1013                    # we replace here because otherwise TOP would be generated in select_sql
1014                    limit.replace(exp.Fetch(direction="FIRST", count=limit.expression))
1015
1016            return super().select_sql(expression)
1017
1018        def convert_sql(self, expression: exp.Convert) -> str:
1019            name = "TRY_CONVERT" if expression.args.get("safe") else "CONVERT"
1020            return self.func(
1021                name, expression.this, expression.expression, expression.args.get("style")
1022            )
1023
1024        def queryoption_sql(self, expression: exp.QueryOption) -> str:
1025            option = self.sql(expression, "this")
1026            value = self.sql(expression, "expression")
1027            if value:
1028                optional_equal_sign = "= " if option in OPTIONS_THAT_REQUIRE_EQUAL else ""
1029                return f"{option} {optional_equal_sign}{value}"
1030            return option
1031
1032        def lateral_op(self, expression: exp.Lateral) -> str:
1033            cross_apply = expression.args.get("cross_apply")
1034            if cross_apply is True:
1035                return "CROSS APPLY"
1036            if cross_apply is False:
1037                return "OUTER APPLY"
1038
1039            # TODO: perhaps we can check if the parent is a Join and transpile it appropriately
1040            self.unsupported("LATERAL clause is not supported.")
1041            return "LATERAL"
1042
1043        def splitpart_sql(self: TSQL.Generator, expression: exp.SplitPart) -> str:
1044            this = expression.this
1045            split_count = len(this.name.split("."))
1046            delimiter = expression.args.get("delimiter")
1047            part_index = expression.args.get("part_index")
1048
1049            if (
1050                not all(isinstance(arg, exp.Literal) for arg in (this, delimiter, part_index))
1051                or (delimiter and delimiter.name != ".")
1052                or not part_index
1053                or split_count > 4
1054            ):
1055                self.unsupported(
1056                    "SPLIT_PART can be transpiled to PARSENAME only for '.' delimiter and literal values"
1057                )
1058                return ""
1059
1060            return self.func(
1061                "PARSENAME", this, exp.Literal.number(split_count + 1 - part_index.to_py())
1062            )
1063
1064        def timefromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimeFromParts) -> str:
1065            nano = expression.args.get("nano")
1066            if nano is not None:
1067                nano.pop()
1068                self.unsupported("Specifying nanoseconds is not supported in TIMEFROMPARTS.")
1069
1070            if expression.args.get("fractions") is None:
1071                expression.set("fractions", exp.Literal.number(0))
1072            if expression.args.get("precision") is None:
1073                expression.set("precision", exp.Literal.number(0))
1074
1075            return rename_func("TIMEFROMPARTS")(self, expression)
1076
1077        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
1078            zone = expression.args.get("zone")
1079            if zone is not None:
1080                zone.pop()
1081                self.unsupported("Time zone is not supported in DATETIMEFROMPARTS.")
1082
1083            nano = expression.args.get("nano")
1084            if nano is not None:
1085                nano.pop()
1086                self.unsupported("Specifying nanoseconds is not supported in DATETIMEFROMPARTS.")
1087
1088            if expression.args.get("milli") is None:
1089                expression.set("milli", exp.Literal.number(0))
1090
1091            return rename_func("DATETIMEFROMPARTS")(self, expression)
1092
1093        def setitem_sql(self, expression: exp.SetItem) -> str:
1094            this = expression.this
1095            if isinstance(this, exp.EQ) and not isinstance(this.left, exp.Parameter):
1096                # T-SQL does not use '=' in SET command, except when the LHS is a variable.
1097                return f"{self.sql(this.left)} {self.sql(this.right)}"
1098
1099            return super().setitem_sql(expression)
1100
1101        def boolean_sql(self, expression: exp.Boolean) -> str:
1102            if type(expression.parent) in BIT_TYPES or isinstance(
1103                expression.find_ancestor(exp.Values, exp.Select), exp.Values
1104            ):
1105                return "1" if expression.this else "0"
1106
1107            return "(1 = 1)" if expression.this else "(1 = 0)"
1108
1109        def is_sql(self, expression: exp.Is) -> str:
1110            if isinstance(expression.expression, exp.Boolean):
1111                return self.binary(expression, "=")
1112            return self.binary(expression, "IS")
1113
1114        def createable_sql(self, expression: exp.Create, locations: t.DefaultDict) -> str:
1115            sql = self.sql(expression, "this")
1116            properties = expression.args.get("properties")
1117
1118            if sql[:1] != "#" and any(
1119                isinstance(prop, exp.TemporaryProperty)
1120                for prop in (properties.expressions if properties else [])
1121            ):
1122                sql = f"[#{sql[1:]}" if sql.startswith("[") else f"#{sql}"
1123
1124            return sql
1125
1126        def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
1127            kind = expression.kind
1128            exists = expression.args.pop("exists", None)
1129
1130            like_property = expression.find(exp.LikeProperty)
1131            if like_property:
1132                ctas_expression = like_property.this
1133            else:
1134                ctas_expression = expression.expression
1135
1136            if kind == "VIEW":
1137                expression.this.set("catalog", None)
1138                with_ = expression.args.get("with")
1139                if ctas_expression and with_:
1140                    # We've already preprocessed the Create expression to bubble up any nested CTEs,
1141                    # but CREATE VIEW actually requires the WITH clause to come after it so we need
1142                    # to amend the AST by moving the CTEs to the CREATE VIEW statement's query.
1143                    ctas_expression.set("with", with_.pop())
1144
1145            sql = super().create_sql(expression)
1146
1147            table = expression.find(exp.Table)
1148
1149            # Convert CTAS statement to SELECT .. INTO ..
1150            if kind == "TABLE" and ctas_expression:
1151                if isinstance(ctas_expression, exp.UNWRAPPED_QUERIES):
1152                    ctas_expression = ctas_expression.subquery()
1153
1154                select_into = exp.select("*").from_(exp.alias_(ctas_expression, "temp", table=True))
1155                select_into.set("into", exp.Into(this=table))
1156
1157                if like_property:
1158                    select_into.limit(0, copy=False)
1159
1160                sql = self.sql(select_into)
1161
1162            if exists:
1163                identifier = self.sql(exp.Literal.string(exp.table_name(table) if table else ""))
1164                sql_with_ctes = self.prepend_ctes(expression, sql)
1165                sql_literal = self.sql(exp.Literal.string(sql_with_ctes))
1166                if kind == "SCHEMA":
1167                    return f"""IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM information_schema.schemata WHERE schema_name = {identifier}) EXEC({sql_literal})"""
1168                elif kind == "TABLE":
1169                    assert table
1170                    where = exp.and_(
1171                        exp.column("table_name").eq(table.name),
1172                        exp.column("table_schema").eq(table.db) if table.db else None,
1173                        exp.column("table_catalog").eq(table.catalog) if table.catalog else None,
1174                    )
1175                    return f"""IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM information_schema.tables WHERE {where}) EXEC({sql_literal})"""
1176                elif kind == "INDEX":
1177                    index = self.sql(exp.Literal.string(expression.this.text("this")))
1178                    return f"""IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.indexes WHERE object_id = object_id({identifier}) AND name = {index}) EXEC({sql_literal})"""
1179            elif expression.args.get("replace"):
1180                sql = sql.replace("CREATE OR REPLACE ", "CREATE OR ALTER ", 1)
1181
1182            return self.prepend_ctes(expression, sql)
1183
1184        def count_sql(self, expression: exp.Count) -> str:
1185            func_name = "COUNT_BIG" if expression.args.get("big_int") else "COUNT"
1186            return rename_func(func_name)(self, expression)
1187
1188        def offset_sql(self, expression: exp.Offset) -> str:
1189            return f"{super().offset_sql(expression)} ROWS"
1190
1191        def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str:
1192            name = "SYSTEM_TIME" if expression.name == "TIMESTAMP" else expression.name
1193            this = f"FOR {name}"
1194            expr = expression.expression
1195            kind = expression.text("kind")
1196            if kind in ("FROM", "BETWEEN"):
1197                args = expr.expressions
1198                sep = "TO" if kind == "FROM" else "AND"
1199                expr_sql = f"{self.sql(seq_get(args, 0))} {sep} {self.sql(seq_get(args, 1))}"
1200            else:
1201                expr_sql = self.sql(expr)
1202
1203            expr_sql = f" {expr_sql}" if expr_sql else ""
1204            return f"{this} {kind}{expr_sql}"
1205
1206        def returnsproperty_sql(self, expression: exp.ReturnsProperty) -> str:
1207            table = expression.args.get("table")
1208            table = f"{table} " if table else ""
1209            return f"RETURNS {table}{self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
1210
1211        def returning_sql(self, expression: exp.Returning) -> str:
1212            into = self.sql(expression, "into")
1213            into = self.seg(f"INTO {into}") if into else ""
1214            return f"{self.seg('OUTPUT')} {self.expressions(expression, flat=True)}{into}"
1215
1216        def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str:
1217            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
1218            this = f" {this}" if this else ""
1219            mark = self.sql(expression, "mark")
1220            mark = f" WITH MARK {mark}" if mark else ""
1221            return f"BEGIN TRANSACTION{this}{mark}"
1222
1223        def commit_sql(self, expression: exp.Commit) -> str:
1224            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
1225            this = f" {this}" if this else ""
1226            durability = expression.args.get("durability")
1227            durability = (
1228                f" WITH (DELAYED_DURABILITY = {'ON' if durability else 'OFF'})"
1229                if durability is not None
1230                else ""
1231            )
1232            return f"COMMIT TRANSACTION{this}{durability}"
1233
1234        def rollback_sql(self, expression: exp.Rollback) -> str:
1235            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
1236            this = f" {this}" if this else ""
1237            return f"ROLLBACK TRANSACTION{this}"
1238
1239        def identifier_sql(self, expression: exp.Identifier) -> str:
1240            identifier = super().identifier_sql(expression)
1241
1242            if expression.args.get("global"):
1243                identifier = f"##{identifier}"
1244            elif expression.args.get("temporary"):
1245                identifier = f"#{identifier}"
1246
1247            return identifier
1248
1249        def constraint_sql(self, expression: exp.Constraint) -> str:
1250            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
1251            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True, sep=" ")
1252            return f"CONSTRAINT {this} {expressions}"
1253
1254        def length_sql(self, expression: exp.Length) -> str:
1255            return self._uncast_text(expression, "LEN")
1256
1257        def right_sql(self, expression: exp.Right) -> str:
1258            return self._uncast_text(expression, "RIGHT")
1259
1260        def left_sql(self, expression: exp.Left) -> str:
1261            return self._uncast_text(expression, "LEFT")
1262
1263        def _uncast_text(self, expression: exp.Expression, name: str) -> str:
1264            this = expression.this
1265            if isinstance(this, exp.Cast) and this.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.TEXT):
1266                this_sql = self.sql(this, "this")
1267            else:
1268                this_sql = self.sql(this)
1269            expression_sql = self.sql(expression, "expression")
1270            return self.func(name, this_sql, expression_sql if expression_sql else None)
1271
1272        def partition_sql(self, expression: exp.Partition) -> str:
1273            return f"WITH (PARTITIONS({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)}))"
1274
1275        def alter_sql(self, expression: exp.Alter) -> str:
1276            action = seq_get(expression.args.get("actions") or [], 0)
1277            if isinstance(action, exp.AlterRename):
1278                return f"EXEC sp_rename '{self.sql(expression.this)}', '{action.this.name}'"
1279            return super().alter_sql(expression)
1280
1281        def drop_sql(self, expression: exp.Drop) -> str:
1282            if expression.args["kind"] == "VIEW":
1283                expression.this.set("catalog", None)
1284            return super().drop_sql(expression)
1285
1286        def options_modifier(self, expression: exp.Expression) -> str:
1287            options = self.expressions(expression, key="options")
1288            return f" OPTION{self.wrap(options)}" if options else ""
1289
1290        def dpipe_sql(self, expression: exp.DPipe) -> str:
1291            return self.sql(
1292                reduce(lambda x, y: exp.Add(this=x, expression=y), expression.flatten())
1293            )
1294
1295        def isascii_sql(self, expression: exp.IsAscii) -> str:
1296            return f"(PATINDEX(CONVERT(VARCHAR(MAX), 0x255b5e002d7f5d25) COLLATE Latin1_General_BIN, {self.sql(expression.this)}) = 0)"
1297
1298        def columndef_sql(self, expression: exp.ColumnDef, sep: str = " ") -> str:
1299            this = super().columndef_sql(expression, sep)
1300            default = self.sql(expression, "default")
1301            default = f" = {default}" if default else ""
1302            output = self.sql(expression, "output")
1303            output = f" {output}" if output else ""
1304            return f"{this}{default}{output}"

Generator converts a given syntax tree to the corresponding SQL string.

Arguments:
  • pretty: Whether to format the produced SQL string. Default: False.
  • identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are: False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect. True or 'always': Always quote. 'safe': Only quote identifiers that are case insensitive.
  • normalize: Whether to normalize identifiers to lowercase. Default: False.
  • pad: The pad size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of a projection in a query, relative to its nesting level. Default: 2.
  • indent: The indentation size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of subqueries and filters under a WHERE clause. Default: 2.
  • normalize_functions: How to normalize function names. Possible values are: "upper" or True (default): Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.
  • unsupported_level: Determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
  • max_unsupported: Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
  • leading_comma: Whether the comma is leading or trailing in select expressions. This is only relevant when generating in pretty mode. Default: False
  • max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
  • comments: Whether to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True
LIMIT_IS_TOP = True
QUERY_HINTS = False
RETURNING_END = False
NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
ALTER_TABLE_INCLUDE_COLUMN_KEYWORD = False
LIMIT_FETCH = 'FETCH'
COMPUTED_COLUMN_WITH_TYPE = False
CTE_RECURSIVE_KEYWORD_REQUIRED = False
ENSURE_BOOLS = True
NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED = None
SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT = False
TABLESAMPLE_SEED_KEYWORD = 'REPEATABLE'
SUPPORTS_SELECT_INTO = True
JSON_PATH_BRACKETED_KEY_SUPPORTED = False
SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
SET_OP_MODIFIERS = False
COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED = True
PARSE_JSON_NAME = None
EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
TYPE_MAPPING = {<Type.DATETIME2: 'DATETIME2'>: 'DATETIME2', <Type.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.BLOB: 'BLOB'>: 'VARBINARY', <Type.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.INET: 'INET'>: 'INET', <Type.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>: 'ROWVERSION', <Type.SMALLDATETIME: 'SMALLDATETIME'>: 'SMALLDATETIME', <Type.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>: 'BIT', <Type.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>: 'NUMERIC', <Type.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>: 'FLOAT', <Type.INT: 'INT'>: 'INTEGER', <Type.TEXT: 'TEXT'>: 'VARCHAR(MAX)', <Type.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>: 'DATETIME2', <Type.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>: 'DATETIME2', <Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>: 'DATETIMEOFFSET', <Type.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>: 'TINYINT', <Type.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>: 'SQL_VARIANT', <Type.UUID: 'UUID'>: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'}
TRANSFORMS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathKey'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRoot'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSubscript'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AllowedValuesProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnalyzeColumns'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnalyzeWith'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CaseSpecificColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CommentColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConnectByRoot'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFormatColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefaultColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DynamicProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EmptyProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EphemeralColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExcludeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Except'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InlineLengthColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Intersect'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntervalSpan'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Int64'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NonClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NotForReplicationColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnUpdateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Operator'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PathColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PivotAny'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ProjectionPolicyColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecureProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stream'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StreamingTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrictProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SwapTable'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Tags'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <function TSQL.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TitleColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Union'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UsingData'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>: <function TSQL.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UppercaseColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithProcedureOptions'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSchemaBindingProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithOperator'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ForceProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>: <function any_value_to_max_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementColumnConstraint'>: <function TSQL.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Chr'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CTE'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function datestrtodate_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint'>: <function generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>: <function _string_agg_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract'>: <function _json_extract_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>: <function _json_extract_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>: <function TSQL.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>: <function max_or_greatest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5'>: <function TSQL.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>: <function min_or_least>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>: <function _format_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentSchema'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>: <function TSQL.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Subquery'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>: <function TSQL.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>: <function TSQL.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function _timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>: <function _format_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>: <function trim_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>: <function TSQL.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>}
PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.AllowedValuesProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AlgorithmProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BlockCompressionProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ChecksumProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cluster'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistributedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DuplicateKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataBlocksizeProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataDeletionProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefinerProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictRange'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DynamicProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistStyleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EmptyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EngineProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FallbackProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FreespaceProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IncludeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsolatedLoadingProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JournalProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockingProperty'>: <Location.POST_ALIAS: 'POST_ALIAS'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeBlockRatioProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Order'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedOfProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PrimaryKey'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Property'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatDelimitedProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatSerdeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecureProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SerdeProperties'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Set'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SequenceProperties'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StorageHandlerProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StreamingTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Tags'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeTreeTTL'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithDataProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithProcedureOptions'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSchemaBindingProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSystemVersioningProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ForceProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>}
def scope_resolution(self, rhs: str, scope_name: str) -> str:
991        def scope_resolution(self, rhs: str, scope_name: str) -> str:
992            return f"{scope_name}::{rhs}"
def select_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Select) -> str:
 994        def select_sql(self, expression: exp.Select) -> str:
 995            limit = expression.args.get("limit")
 996            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
 997
 998            if isinstance(limit, exp.Fetch) and not offset:
 999                # Dialects like Oracle can FETCH directly from a row set but
1000                # T-SQL requires an ORDER BY + OFFSET clause in order to FETCH
1001                offset = exp.Offset(expression=exp.Literal.number(0))
1002                expression.set("offset", offset)
1003
1004            if offset:
1005                if not expression.args.get("order"):
1006                    # ORDER BY is required in order to use OFFSET in a query, so we use
1007                    # a noop order by, since we don't really care about the order.
1008                    # See: https://www.microsoftpressstore.com/articles/article.aspx?p=2314819
1009                    expression.order_by(exp.select(exp.null()).subquery(), copy=False)
1010
1011                if isinstance(limit, exp.Limit):
1012                    # TOP and OFFSET can't be combined, we need use FETCH instead of TOP
1013                    # we replace here because otherwise TOP would be generated in select_sql
1014                    limit.replace(exp.Fetch(direction="FIRST", count=limit.expression))
1015
1016            return super().select_sql(expression)
def convert_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Convert) -> str:
1018        def convert_sql(self, expression: exp.Convert) -> str:
1019            name = "TRY_CONVERT" if expression.args.get("safe") else "CONVERT"
1020            return self.func(
1021                name, expression.this, expression.expression, expression.args.get("style")
1022            )
def queryoption_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.QueryOption) -> str:
1024        def queryoption_sql(self, expression: exp.QueryOption) -> str:
1025            option = self.sql(expression, "this")
1026            value = self.sql(expression, "expression")
1027            if value:
1028                optional_equal_sign = "= " if option in OPTIONS_THAT_REQUIRE_EQUAL else ""
1029                return f"{option} {optional_equal_sign}{value}"
1030            return option
def lateral_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Lateral) -> str:
1032        def lateral_op(self, expression: exp.Lateral) -> str:
1033            cross_apply = expression.args.get("cross_apply")
1034            if cross_apply is True:
1035                return "CROSS APPLY"
1036            if cross_apply is False:
1037                return "OUTER APPLY"
1038
1039            # TODO: perhaps we can check if the parent is a Join and transpile it appropriately
1040            self.unsupported("LATERAL clause is not supported.")
1041            return "LATERAL"
def splitpart_sql( self: TSQL.Generator, expression: sqlglot.expressions.SplitPart) -> str:
1043        def splitpart_sql(self: TSQL.Generator, expression: exp.SplitPart) -> str:
1044            this = expression.this
1045            split_count = len(this.name.split("."))
1046            delimiter = expression.args.get("delimiter")
1047            part_index = expression.args.get("part_index")
1048
1049            if (
1050                not all(isinstance(arg, exp.Literal) for arg in (this, delimiter, part_index))
1051                or (delimiter and delimiter.name != ".")
1052                or not part_index
1053                or split_count > 4
1054            ):
1055                self.unsupported(
1056                    "SPLIT_PART can be transpiled to PARSENAME only for '.' delimiter and literal values"
1057                )
1058                return ""
1059
1060            return self.func(
1061                "PARSENAME", this, exp.Literal.number(split_count + 1 - part_index.to_py())
1062            )
def timefromparts_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts) -> str:
1064        def timefromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimeFromParts) -> str:
1065            nano = expression.args.get("nano")
1066            if nano is not None:
1067                nano.pop()
1068                self.unsupported("Specifying nanoseconds is not supported in TIMEFROMPARTS.")
1069
1070            if expression.args.get("fractions") is None:
1071                expression.set("fractions", exp.Literal.number(0))
1072            if expression.args.get("precision") is None:
1073                expression.set("precision", exp.Literal.number(0))
1074
1075            return rename_func("TIMEFROMPARTS")(self, expression)
def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
1077        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
1078            zone = expression.args.get("zone")
1079            if zone is not None:
1080                zone.pop()
1081                self.unsupported("Time zone is not supported in DATETIMEFROMPARTS.")
1082
1083            nano = expression.args.get("nano")
1084            if nano is not None:
1085                nano.pop()
1086                self.unsupported("Specifying nanoseconds is not supported in DATETIMEFROMPARTS.")
1087
1088            if expression.args.get("milli") is None:
1089                expression.set("milli", exp.Literal.number(0))
1090
1091            return rename_func("DATETIMEFROMPARTS")(self, expression)
def setitem_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.SetItem) -> str:
1093        def setitem_sql(self, expression: exp.SetItem) -> str:
1094            this = expression.this
1095            if isinstance(this, exp.EQ) and not isinstance(this.left, exp.Parameter):
1096                # T-SQL does not use '=' in SET command, except when the LHS is a variable.
1097                return f"{self.sql(this.left)} {self.sql(this.right)}"
1098
1099            return super().setitem_sql(expression)
def boolean_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Boolean) -> str:
1101        def boolean_sql(self, expression: exp.Boolean) -> str:
1102            if type(expression.parent) in BIT_TYPES or isinstance(
1103                expression.find_ancestor(exp.Values, exp.Select), exp.Values
1104            ):
1105                return "1" if expression.this else "0"
1106
1107            return "(1 = 1)" if expression.this else "(1 = 0)"
def is_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Is) -> str:
1109        def is_sql(self, expression: exp.Is) -> str:
1110            if isinstance(expression.expression, exp.Boolean):
1111                return self.binary(expression, "=")
1112            return self.binary(expression, "IS")
def createable_sql( self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Create, locations: DefaultDict) -> str:
1114        def createable_sql(self, expression: exp.Create, locations: t.DefaultDict) -> str:
1115            sql = self.sql(expression, "this")
1116            properties = expression.args.get("properties")
1117
1118            if sql[:1] != "#" and any(
1119                isinstance(prop, exp.TemporaryProperty)
1120                for prop in (properties.expressions if properties else [])
1121            ):
1122                sql = f"[#{sql[1:]}" if sql.startswith("[") else f"#{sql}"
1123
1124            return sql
def create_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Create) -> str:
1126        def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
1127            kind = expression.kind
1128            exists = expression.args.pop("exists", None)
1129
1130            like_property = expression.find(exp.LikeProperty)
1131            if like_property:
1132                ctas_expression = like_property.this
1133            else:
1134                ctas_expression = expression.expression
1135
1136            if kind == "VIEW":
1137                expression.this.set("catalog", None)
1138                with_ = expression.args.get("with")
1139                if ctas_expression and with_:
1140                    # We've already preprocessed the Create expression to bubble up any nested CTEs,
1141                    # but CREATE VIEW actually requires the WITH clause to come after it so we need
1142                    # to amend the AST by moving the CTEs to the CREATE VIEW statement's query.
1143                    ctas_expression.set("with", with_.pop())
1144
1145            sql = super().create_sql(expression)
1146
1147            table = expression.find(exp.Table)
1148
1149            # Convert CTAS statement to SELECT .. INTO ..
1150            if kind == "TABLE" and ctas_expression:
1151                if isinstance(ctas_expression, exp.UNWRAPPED_QUERIES):
1152                    ctas_expression = ctas_expression.subquery()
1153
1154                select_into = exp.select("*").from_(exp.alias_(ctas_expression, "temp", table=True))
1155                select_into.set("into", exp.Into(this=table))
1156
1157                if like_property:
1158                    select_into.limit(0, copy=False)
1159
1160                sql = self.sql(select_into)
1161
1162            if exists:
1163                identifier = self.sql(exp.Literal.string(exp.table_name(table) if table else ""))
1164                sql_with_ctes = self.prepend_ctes(expression, sql)
1165                sql_literal = self.sql(exp.Literal.string(sql_with_ctes))
1166                if kind == "SCHEMA":
1167                    return f"""IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM information_schema.schemata WHERE schema_name = {identifier}) EXEC({sql_literal})"""
1168                elif kind == "TABLE":
1169                    assert table
1170                    where = exp.and_(
1171                        exp.column("table_name").eq(table.name),
1172                        exp.column("table_schema").eq(table.db) if table.db else None,
1173                        exp.column("table_catalog").eq(table.catalog) if table.catalog else None,
1174                    )
1175                    return f"""IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM information_schema.tables WHERE {where}) EXEC({sql_literal})"""
1176                elif kind == "INDEX":
1177                    index = self.sql(exp.Literal.string(expression.this.text("this")))
1178                    return f"""IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.indexes WHERE object_id = object_id({identifier}) AND name = {index}) EXEC({sql_literal})"""
1179            elif expression.args.get("replace"):
1180                sql = sql.replace("CREATE OR REPLACE ", "CREATE OR ALTER ", 1)
1181
1182            return self.prepend_ctes(expression, sql)
def count_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Count) -> str:
1184        def count_sql(self, expression: exp.Count) -> str:
1185            func_name = "COUNT_BIG" if expression.args.get("big_int") else "COUNT"
1186            return rename_func(func_name)(self, expression)
def offset_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Offset) -> str:
1188        def offset_sql(self, expression: exp.Offset) -> str:
1189            return f"{super().offset_sql(expression)} ROWS"
def version_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Version) -> str:
1191        def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str:
1192            name = "SYSTEM_TIME" if expression.name == "TIMESTAMP" else expression.name
1193            this = f"FOR {name}"
1194            expr = expression.expression
1195            kind = expression.text("kind")
1196            if kind in ("FROM", "BETWEEN"):
1197                args = expr.expressions
1198                sep = "TO" if kind == "FROM" else "AND"
1199                expr_sql = f"{self.sql(seq_get(args, 0))} {sep} {self.sql(seq_get(args, 1))}"
1200            else:
1201                expr_sql = self.sql(expr)
1202
1203            expr_sql = f" {expr_sql}" if expr_sql else ""
1204            return f"{this} {kind}{expr_sql}"
def returnsproperty_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty) -> str:
1206        def returnsproperty_sql(self, expression: exp.ReturnsProperty) -> str:
1207            table = expression.args.get("table")
1208            table = f"{table} " if table else ""
1209            return f"RETURNS {table}{self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
def returning_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Returning) -> str:
1211        def returning_sql(self, expression: exp.Returning) -> str:
1212            into = self.sql(expression, "into")
1213            into = self.seg(f"INTO {into}") if into else ""
1214            return f"{self.seg('OUTPUT')} {self.expressions(expression, flat=True)}{into}"
def transaction_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Transaction) -> str:
1216        def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str:
1217            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
1218            this = f" {this}" if this else ""
1219            mark = self.sql(expression, "mark")
1220            mark = f" WITH MARK {mark}" if mark else ""
1221            return f"BEGIN TRANSACTION{this}{mark}"
def commit_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Commit) -> str:
1223        def commit_sql(self, expression: exp.Commit) -> str:
1224            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
1225            this = f" {this}" if this else ""
1226            durability = expression.args.get("durability")
1227            durability = (
1228                f" WITH (DELAYED_DURABILITY = {'ON' if durability else 'OFF'})"
1229                if durability is not None
1230                else ""
1231            )
1232            return f"COMMIT TRANSACTION{this}{durability}"
def rollback_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Rollback) -> str:
1234        def rollback_sql(self, expression: exp.Rollback) -> str:
1235            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
1236            this = f" {this}" if this else ""
1237            return f"ROLLBACK TRANSACTION{this}"
def identifier_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Identifier) -> str:
1239        def identifier_sql(self, expression: exp.Identifier) -> str:
1240            identifier = super().identifier_sql(expression)
1241
1242            if expression.args.get("global"):
1243                identifier = f"##{identifier}"
1244            elif expression.args.get("temporary"):
1245                identifier = f"#{identifier}"
1246
1247            return identifier
def constraint_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Constraint) -> str:
1249        def constraint_sql(self, expression: exp.Constraint) -> str:
1250            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
1251            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True, sep=" ")
1252            return f"CONSTRAINT {this} {expressions}"
def length_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Length) -> str:
1254        def length_sql(self, expression: exp.Length) -> str:
1255            return self._uncast_text(expression, "LEN")
def right_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Right) -> str:
1257        def right_sql(self, expression: exp.Right) -> str:
1258            return self._uncast_text(expression, "RIGHT")
def left_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Left) -> str:
1260        def left_sql(self, expression: exp.Left) -> str:
1261            return self._uncast_text(expression, "LEFT")
def partition_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Partition) -> str:
1272        def partition_sql(self, expression: exp.Partition) -> str:
1273            return f"WITH (PARTITIONS({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)}))"
def alter_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Alter) -> str:
1275        def alter_sql(self, expression: exp.Alter) -> str:
1276            action = seq_get(expression.args.get("actions") or [], 0)
1277            if isinstance(action, exp.AlterRename):
1278                return f"EXEC sp_rename '{self.sql(expression.this)}', '{action.this.name}'"
1279            return super().alter_sql(expression)
def drop_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Drop) -> str:
1281        def drop_sql(self, expression: exp.Drop) -> str:
1282            if expression.args["kind"] == "VIEW":
1283                expression.this.set("catalog", None)
1284            return super().drop_sql(expression)
def options_modifier(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Expression) -> str:
1286        def options_modifier(self, expression: exp.Expression) -> str:
1287            options = self.expressions(expression, key="options")
1288            return f" OPTION{self.wrap(options)}" if options else ""
def dpipe_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.DPipe) -> str:
1290        def dpipe_sql(self, expression: exp.DPipe) -> str:
1291            return self.sql(
1292                reduce(lambda x, y: exp.Add(this=x, expression=y), expression.flatten())
1293            )
def isascii_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.IsAscii) -> str:
1295        def isascii_sql(self, expression: exp.IsAscii) -> str:
1296            return f"(PATINDEX(CONVERT(VARCHAR(MAX), 0x255b5e002d7f5d25) COLLATE Latin1_General_BIN, {self.sql(expression.this)}) = 0)"
def columndef_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.ColumnDef, sep: str = ' ') -> str:
1298        def columndef_sql(self, expression: exp.ColumnDef, sep: str = " ") -> str:
1299            this = super().columndef_sql(expression, sep)
1300            default = self.sql(expression, "default")
1301            default = f" = {default}" if default else ""
1302            output = self.sql(expression, "output")
1303            output = f" {output}" if output else ""
1304            return f"{this}{default}{output}"
SELECT_KINDS: Tuple[str, ...] = ()
TRY_SUPPORTED = False
SUPPORTS_UESCAPE = False
AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS = {'windows': <function Generator.<lambda>>, 'qualify': <function Generator.<lambda>>}
Inherited Members
sqlglot.generator.Generator
Generator
IGNORE_NULLS_IN_FUNC
LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED
WRAP_DERIVED_VALUES
CREATE_FUNCTION_RETURN_AS
MATCHED_BY_SOURCE
SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL
INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM
LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS
RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB
GROUPINGS_SEP
INDEX_ON
JOIN_HINTS
TABLE_HINTS
QUERY_HINT_SEP
IS_BOOL_ALLOWED
DUPLICATE_KEY_UPDATE_WITH_SET
EXTRACT_ALLOWS_QUOTES
TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE
VALUES_AS_TABLE
UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY
AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED
SEMI_ANTI_JOIN_WITH_SIDE
SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY
TABLESAMPLE_REQUIRES_PARENS
TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_ROWS
TABLESAMPLE_KEYWORDS
TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD
COLLATE_IS_FUNC
DATA_TYPE_SPECIFIERS_ALLOWED
LAST_DAY_SUPPORTS_DATE_PART
SUPPORTS_TABLE_ALIAS_COLUMNS
UNPIVOT_ALIASES_ARE_IDENTIFIERS
JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP
INSERT_OVERWRITE
SUPPORTS_UNLOGGED_TABLES
SUPPORTS_CREATE_TABLE_LIKE
LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA
MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT
JSON_TYPE_REQUIRED_FOR_EXTRACTION
JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE
CAN_IMPLEMENT_ARRAY_ANY
COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED
COPY_HAS_INTO_KEYWORD
STAR_EXCEPT
HEX_FUNC
WITH_PROPERTIES_PREFIX
QUOTE_JSON_PATH
PAD_FILL_PATTERN_IS_REQUIRED
SUPPORTS_EXPLODING_PROJECTIONS
ARRAY_CONCAT_IS_VAR_LEN
SUPPORTS_CONVERT_TIMEZONE
SUPPORTS_MEDIAN
SUPPORTS_UNIX_SECONDS
ARRAY_SIZE_NAME
ALTER_SET_TYPE
ARRAY_SIZE_DIM_REQUIRED
TIME_PART_SINGULARS
TOKEN_MAPPING
STRUCT_DELIMITER
PARAMETER_TOKEN
NAMED_PLACEHOLDER_TOKEN
EXPRESSION_PRECEDES_PROPERTIES_CREATABLES
RESERVED_KEYWORDS
WITH_SEPARATED_COMMENTS
EXCLUDE_COMMENTS
UNWRAPPED_INTERVAL_VALUES
PARAMETERIZABLE_TEXT_TYPES
SENTINEL_LINE_BREAK
pretty
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